PUC/Rio-2005 – VESTIBULAR – TODOS OS GRUPOS – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• PUC/RIO-2005-TODOS OS GRUPOS-VESTIBULAR-03/12/2004.

www.puc-rio.br/vestibular

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Text (1) – | Atkins' diet side effects could hurt in the future | www.usatoday.com |

• Text (2) – | What is Literature? | English Literature |

❑ TEXTO 1:

Atkins' diet side effects could hurt in the future

1

London (AP) _ People on the popular high-fat, low-carb Atkins diet lose just as much body fat as those on low-fat diets, but the annoying low-carb side effects could mean problems down the road, according to a scientist who reviewed five dozen diet studies.

2

Danish obesity expert Dr. Arne Astrup, whose survey is published this week in The Lancet medical  journal, concludes that headaches, muscle weakness and either diarrhea or constipation are reported more often by  atkins dieters than people on conventional diets. Those side effects may be signs that the eating plan isn't healthy in the long run, he says.

3

However, other experts said the diet remains a successful option for some because the side effects aren't bad enough to throw them off the eating plan famous for its avoidance of bread, pasta and many fruits.

4

"More people stayed in the low-carb group than inthe low-fat group, so you've got to wonder how severe those side effects were if more people kept to the low-carb diet," said William Yancy, a Duke University researcher who conducted one of the major studies that Astrup reviewed.

5

The Atkins diet, which allows unlimited consumption of protein and fat but drastically limits carbohydrates and does not restrict calories, has had a following for decades. It has been embraced by an estimated 20 million people worldwide but only recently has come under serious scientific investigation.

6

Experts have suspected that the weight loss on a low-carb diet may be largely due to water loss, because lots of fluid is bound up in the body's carbohydrate stores that are depleted. However, Astrup said body composition studies indicated the weight loss is a real fat loss, not just water.

7

The most frequent complaints with low-carb diets are constipation and headache, which are readily explained by the lack of fruit, vegetables and whole grains, Astrup said. Also, bad breath, muscle cramps, diarrhea, general weakness and rashes are more often reported on low-carb diets than on low-fat diets, Astrup found. "The majority had some of these side effects in the Atkins group. In the control group, almost nothing," he said.

8

These side effects are consistent with carbohydrate deficiency, because the brain and muscle do not get enough sugar from carbohydrates to maintain their nor-mal function, Astrup said.

9

But Yancy, the U.S. researcher, said side effects were seen not just after six months but also at the beginning and could have been from dehydration, which is easily overcome.

10

"We know that it works," Yancy said. "I think it's good that people are acknowledging that this diet might be a reasonable option. At this point, we need options and when we're looking for them we need to consider even things that go against our judgment sometimes."

http://www.usatoday.com/news/health/

2004-09-03-atkins-study_x.htm

01 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

The main purpose of Text 1 is to:

(A) suggest a very successful diet for people who need options.
(B) criticize dieters who will take up any dangerous diet to lose weight fast.
(C) introduce reasons for and against the Atkins diet by quoting two experts.
(D) analyze different eating plans and people's most frequent complaints against them.
(E) list the benefits of the Atkins diet in the short-term, despite its long-term consequences.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• Questão 1 sobre MAIN IDEA.

• DETALHE IMPORTANTE:  Depois de encontrar a ideia principal(ou que você pensa ser a ideia principal, você tem que validar essa MAIN IDEA através dos detalhes de apoio(SUPPORTING DETAILS) que são frases ou sentenças no texto que apoiam, descrevem ou explicam essa ideia.

• TOPIC: Atkins' diet.

• MAIN IDEA: apresentar VANTAGENS e DESVANTAGENS da dieta do Dr. Atkins.

• SUPPORTING DETAILS:

1) "[...] lose just as much body fat as those on low-fat diets,"(perdem tanta gordura corporal quanto aquelas com dietas de baixo teor de gordura)

2) "[...] but the annoying low-carb side effects could mean problems down the road"(mas os irritantes efeitos colaterais de baixo teor de carboidratos podem significar problemas no futuro,)

3) "[...] headaches, muscle weakness and either diarrhea or constipation are reported more often by atkins dieters than people on conventional diets."(dores de cabeça, fraqueza muscular e diarréia ou constipação são relatadas com mais frequência por pessoas que fazem dieta Atkins do que pessoas em dietas convencionais.)

4) "[...] the diet remains a successful option for some because the side effects aren't bad enough to throw them off the eating plan famous for its avoidance of bread, pasta and many fruits."(a dieta continua sendo uma opção de sucesso para alguns porque os efeitos colaterais não são ruins o suficiente para tirá-los do plano alimentar famoso por evitar pães, massas e muitas frutas.)

• The main purpose of Text 1 is to...( O principal objetivo do Texto 1 é):

(A) suggest a very successful diet for people who need options.

• sugerir uma dieta muito bem sucedida para pessoas que precisam de opções.

• "the eating plan isn't healthy in the long run" e "a very successful diet" transmitem ideias opostas ou ideias em contraste.

• SUPPORTING DETAILS:  

1)"[...] Those side effects may be signs that the eating plan isn't healthy in the long run"(Esses efeitos colaterais podem ser sinais de que o plano alimentar não seja saudável a longo prazo, diz ele.).

(B) criticize dieters who will take up any dangerous diet to lose weight fast.

• criticar as pessoas que fazem dieta, que farão qualquer dieta perigosa para perder peso rapidamente.

• DICA VALIOSA: Assertivas com o verbo TO CRITICIZE tem uma grande probabilidade de estarem erradas, porque em inglês, o verbo "to criticize" significa identificar falhas ou aspectos negativos de alguém ou de alguma coisa. 

• Normalmente, para os diversos tópicos, os autores de texto analisam, listam/apresentam os prós e contras, avaliam os pontos positivos e negativos,etc, mas RARAMENTE they criticize!.

(C) introduce reasons for and against the Atkins diet by quoting two experts.

• apresentar os prós e contras da dieta do Dr. Atkins ao citar dois especialistas.

(D) analyze different eating plans and people's most frequent complaints against them.

• analisar diferentes planos alimentares e as queixas mais frequentes das pessoas contra eles.

(E) list the benefits of the Atkins diet in the short-term, despite its long-term consequences.

• listar os benefícios da dieta Atkins em curto prazo, apesar de suas consequências em longo prazo.

02 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

According to Dr. Astrup, the problem with the Atkins diet is that:

(A) dieters' weight loss is largely derived from water loss.
(B) its several side-effects can be harmful to people's health.
(C) its side-effects are similar to those reported on conventional diets.
(D) people have to choose between the high-fat and the low-fat groups.
(E) not many people can reduce radically the consumption of carbohydrates.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• De acordo com o Dr. Astrup, o problema com a dieta Atkins é que:

(A) dieters' weight loss is largely derived from water loss.

• a perda de peso de quem está fazendo dieta é em grande parte derivada da perda de água.

(B) its several side-effects can be harmful to people's health.
(C) its side-effects are similar to those reported on conventional diets.
(D) people have to choose between the high-fat and the low-fat groups.
(E) not many people can reduce radically the consumption of carbohydrates.

03 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Where in the passage does the author introduce advantages of the Atkins diet?

(A) Paragraphs 1, 2 and 3.
(B) Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5.
(C) Paragraphs 3, 6 and 7.
(D) Paragraphs 3, 8 and 9.
(E) Paragraphs 3, 6 and 10.

R E S P O S T A :  E

•

04 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

In the text, the expression "in the long run" (line 12) means:

(A) momentarily.
(B) occasionally.
(C) permanently.
(D) for the near future.
(E) after an extended period.

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

05 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

All the word pairs below are synonymous, EXCEPT one. Mark it.

(A) severe (line 18) - serious.
(B) unlimited (line 23) - infinite.
(C) embraced (line 26) - adopted.
(D) loss (line 30) - gain.
(E) depleted (line 32) - reduced.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•

06 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Check the item in which there is a correct correspondence between the idea expressed by the underlined words and the idea in italics.

(A) "However, other experts said the diet remains …" (lines13-14) - conclusion.
(B) "...so you've got to wonder how severe…" (lines 18-20) - cause.
(C) "…if more people kept to the low-carb diet" (lines 19-20) - contrast.
(D) "Also, bad breath, muscle cramps, diarrhea, ... (lines 38-41) - addition.
(E) "because the brain and muscle do not get …" (lines 45-47) - result.

R E S P O S T A :   D

• Questão que aborda o tópico "MARCADORES DISCURSIVOS que são termos utilizados para ligar orações e idéias, indicando como elas se relacionam."
* "HOWEVER"(entretanto/porém) expressa ideia de "contraste" e não de "conclusion"(conclusão),portanto o item (A) está incorreto.
* "SO(entretanto/porém) expressa ideia de "consequência" e não de "cause"(causa),portanto o item (B) está incorreto.
* "IF(se) expressa ideia de "condição" e não de "contrast"(contraste),portanto o item (C) está incorreto.
* "ALSO(Além disso) expressa ideia de "addition"(adição),portanto o item (D) está correto.
* "BECAUSE(porque) expressa ideia de "explicação/causa" e não de "result"(resultado/consequência),portanto o item (E) está incorreto.

07 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

In the sentence, "...the annoying low-carb side-effects could mean problems…" (lines 3-4), "could" is best substituted by:

(A) ought to.
(B) must.
(C) might.
(D) should.
(E) had to.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• Questão que aborda o tópico "VERBOS MODAIS E SEU USO CONTEXTUAL ".

• A oração é:
"...the annoying low-carb side-effects could mean problems…"(os efeitos colaterais irritantes do baixo teor de carboidratos PODEM significar problemas)"
* "OUGHT TO" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.
* "MUST" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.
* "MIGHT" expressa ideia de "possibilidae" e "could" expressa também "possibilidade",logo podem ser substituídos entre si. Item (C) está CORRETO.
* "SHOULD" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.
* "HAD TO" expressa ideia de "dever" e "could" expressa ideia de "possibilidade",logo não podem ser substituídos entre si.

08 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Mark the only correct option:

(A) "Those" (line 2) refers to "low-fat diets".
(B) "Them" (line 15) refers to "side effects".
(C) "It" (line 26) refers to "consumption of protein and fat".
(D) "Which" (line 36) refers to "low-carb diets".
(E) "Which" (line 50) refers to "dehydration".

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

❑ TEXTO 2:

What is Literature?

1         

The subjects we study at school can be divided roughly into two groups _ the sciences and thearts. The sciences include mathematics, geography, chemistry, physics and so on. Among the arts are drawing, painting, modelling, needlework, drama, music, literature. The purpose of education is to fit us for life in a civilized community, and it seems to follow from the subjects we study that the two most important things in civilized life are Art and Science. 
2      

Is this really true? If we take an average day in the life of the average man we seem to see very little evidence of concern with the sciences and the arts. The average man gets up, goes to work, eats his meals, reads the newspapers, watches television, goes to the cinema, goes to bed, sleeps, wakes up, starts all over again. Unless we happen to be professional scientists, laboratory experiments and formulae have ceased to have any meaning for most of us; unless we happen to be poets or painters or musicians _ or teachers of literature, painting, and music _ the arts seem to us to be only the concern of schoolchildren. And yet people have said, and still say, that the great glories of our civilization are the scientists and artists.

From: BURGESS, Anthony. English Literature.

Longman, Hong Kong, 1993.

09 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

This text aims at which of the following readers?

(A) College students.
(B) Newspaper readers.
(C) Schoolchildren.
(D) Poets and painters.
(E) Scientists and artists.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• Questão que aborda o tópico "IDENTIFICAÇÃO DO PÚBLICO-ALVO DO TEXTO".

* O item (A) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "estudantes universitários".
* O item (B) está incorreto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "leitores de jornais".
* O item (C) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "crianças escolares".
* O item (D) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "poetas e pintores". 
* O item (E) está correto ao afirmar que o texto visa aos "Cientistas e artistas".

10 – (PUC/Rio-2005-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

From Text 2 we can conclude that:

(A) The average man is not capable of living in a civilized community.
(B) The subjects taught at school do not prepare us for our daily lives.
(C) Every child must be taught arts and sciences since early school days.
(D) Sciences and arts are extremely important in people's daily routines.
(E) Only schoolchildren can see the relevance of Art and Science in our society.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• Do Texto 2, podemos concluir que:

(A) The average man is not capable of living in a civilized community.

• O homem comum não é capaz de viver em uma comunidade civilizada.
(B) The subjects taught at school do not prepare us for our daily lives.

• As matérias ensinadas na escola não nos preparam para o dia a dia.

(C) Every child must be taught arts and sciences since early school days.

• Todas as crianças devem aprender artes e ciências desde os primeiros dias de escola.
(D) Sciences and arts are extremely important in people's daily routines.

• As ciências e as artes são extremamente importantes no dia a dia das pessoas.
(E) Only schoolchildren can see the relevance of Art and Science in our society.

• Apenas crianças em idade escolar podem ver a relevância da Arte e da Ciência em nossa sociedade.

PUC/RIO–VESTIBULAR–2004–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• PUC/RIO-VESTIBULAR 2004-TODOS OS GRUPOS-08/12/03.

https://www.puc-rio.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Texto (1)  – | S/Título | Rainforest Action Network | www.ran.org |

• Texto (2)  – | Quotation | Groucho Marx |

❑ TEXTO 1:

1

The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing.

2

Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided substantial medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been carefully examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the world's rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. Scientists estimate that, at the accelerating rate at which rainforests are now being destroyed, as much as 20 or 25 percent of the world's plant species will soon be extinct.

3

Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are obtained from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$ 43 billion some years ago. Seventy percent of the 3,000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are characteristic of the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. For maladies ranging from persistent headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers.

4

Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as models from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds. For example, the blueprint for aspirin comes from extracts of willow trees found in the rainforest. Neostigmine, a chemical obtained from the Calabar bean and used to treat glaucoma in West Africa, also provides the blueprint for synthetic insecticides. However, the chemical structures of most natural drugs are very complex, and simple extraction is usually less expensive than synthesis. Ninety percent of the prescription drugs that are based on higher plants include direct extractions from plants.

5

Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. 
Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand 
how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products.Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?

http://www.ran.org/info_center/factsheets/05f.html

1995-2003 Rainforest Action Network

01 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Mark the only correct statement about the structure of Text 1.

(A) Paragraph 1 affirms that the world's population is powerless against deforestation. 

(B) Paragraph 2 warns about the destruction of rainforests and its valuable resources. 
(C) Paragraph 3 aims to inform the exact number of all plants identified in tropical forests. 
(D) Paragraph 4 explains in detail how insecticides can be obtained from plants. 
(E) Paragraph 5 lists the unhealthy or poisonous plants found in the rainforest.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL :

Marque a única afirmação correta sobre a estrutura do Texto 1. 

(A) Paragraph 1 affirms that the world's population is powerless against deforestation.

• O parágrafo 1 afirma que a população mundial é impotente contra o desmatamento. 

(B) Paragraph 2 warns about the destruction of rainforests and its valuable resources.

• O parágrafo 2 alerta sobre a destruição das florestas tropicais e seus valiosos recursos.

(C) Paragraph 3 aims to inform the exact number of all plants identified in tropical forests.

• O parágrafo 3 visa informar o número exato de todas as plantas identificadas nas florestas tropicais.
(D) Paragraph 4 explains in detail how insecticides can be obtained from plants.

• O parágrafo 4 explica em detalhes como os inseticidas podem ser obtidos das plantas.
(E) Paragraph 5 lists the unhealthy or poisonous plants found in the rainforest.

• O parágrafo 5 lista as plantas insalubres ou venenosas encontradas na floresta tropical.

02 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

All the passages below mention the medicinal use of tropical plants, EXCEPT: 

(A) Lines 16-17. 
(B) Lines 25-28. 
(C) Lines 39-40. 
(D) Lines 42-44. 
(E) Lines 51-53.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  E 

TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL :

Todas as passagens abaixo mencionam o uso medicinal de plantas tropicais, EXCETO:

(A) Lines 16-17.

• Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are obtained from plants. 

• Aproximadamente 7.000 compostos médicos prescritos por médicos ocidentais são obtidos de plantas.

(B) Lines 25-28.

• For maladies ranging from persistent headaches to lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers.

• Para doenças que variam de dores de cabeça persistentes a contágios letais como a malária, os medicamentos da floresta tropical proporcionaram à sociedade moderna uma variedade de curas e analgésicos.

(C) Lines 39-40.

• Ninety percent of the prescription drugs that are based on higher plants include direct extractions from plants.

• 90% dos medicamentos prescritos baseados em plantas superiores incluem extrações diretas de plantas. 

(D) Lines 42-44.

• Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products.

• Certos compostos vegetais permitem que os cientistas entendam como as células cancerosas crescem, enquanto outros servem como agentes de teste para alimentos e medicamentos potencialmente perigosos.
(E) Lines 51-53.

• Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects.

• Duas espécies de batata têm folhas que produzem uma substância pegajosa que captura e mata insetos predadores.

03 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Check the only pair of antonyms.

 
(A) Abundant (line 7) - nonexistent. 
(B) Extinct (line 15) - new. 
(C) Lethal (line 26) - harmless. 
(D) Medicines (line 26) - drugs. 
(E) Reduce (line 54) - create.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - VOCÁBULOS ANTÔNIMOS :

(A) Abundant (line 7) - nonexistent.

• The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided substantial medical advances;

• Os recursos recursos botânicos abundantes das florestas tropicais já proporcionaram avanços médicos substanciais;

• O adjetivo "abundant"(abundante, farto) é antônimo de scarce(escasso) e não de "nonexistent"*inexistente).

• O adjetivo "nonexistent" significa "inexistente, fictício".

(B) Extinct (line 15) - new.

• as much as 20 or 25 percent of the world's plant species will soon be extinct.

• cerca de 20 ou 25% das espécies de plantas do mundo estarão extintas em breve.

• O adjetivo "extinct"(extinto, não ativo) é antônimo de active(ativo) e não de "new(novo)". 

(C) Lethal (line 26) - harmless.

• For maladies ranging from persistent headaches to lethal contagions...

• Para doenças que variam de dores de cabeça persistentes a contágios letais...

• O adjetivo "lethal"(letal, fatal) é antônimo de "harmless"(inofensivo, que não faz mal).

(D) Medicines (line 26) - drugs.

• rainforest medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers.

• os medicamentos da floresta tropical proporcionaram à sociedade moderna uma variedade de curas e analgésicos.

• O substantivo "medicines"(medicamentos) é sinônimo de  "drugs"(drogas). 

(E) Reduce (line 54) - create.

• This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes.

• Esse mecanismo natural de autodefesa poderia reduzir potencialmente a necessidade do uso de pesticidas nas batatas.

• O verbo "to reduce"(diminuir, abaixar) é antônimo de "to increase"(aumentar) e não de "to create"(criar, gerar). 

04 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

In the sentence "yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species …" (lines 8-9), the word YET:

 
(A) adds an example. 
(B) introduces a result. 
(C) makes a comparison. 
(D) expresses a contrast. 
(E) provides a cause.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - "YET" ATUANDO COMO CONJUNÇÃO DE CONTRASTE :

• TRECHO DO TEXTO:

•"[...] The abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided substantial medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been carefully examined for their medicinal potentials."

• Os abundantes recursos botânicos das florestas tropicais já proporcionaram avanços médicos substanciais; no entanto, apenas 1 por cento das espécies conhecidas de plantas e animais foram cuidadosamente examinadas quanto aos seus potenciais medicinais.

(A) adds an example.

• adiciona um exemplo.
(B) introduces a result.

• apresenta um resultado.
(C) makes a comparison.

• faz uma comparação.
(D) expresses a contrast.

• expressa um contraste.

• Perceba que a palavra YET(contudo, no entanto) expressa um contraste de ideias.

(E) provides a cause.

• fornece uma causa.

05 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

The only item that contains an adjective used in the superlative form is:

 

(A) "The widespread destruction (…) is happening before we even know the most basic facts about what we are losing." (lines 1-4) 
(B) "Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species." (lines 5-6) 
(C) "Scientists estimate that (…) as much as 20 or 25 percent of the world's plant species will soon be extinct." (lines 12-15) 
(D) "However, the chemical structures of most natural drugs (…) simple extraction is usually less expensive than synthesis." (lines 36-38) 
(E) "Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men." (lines 45-46)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - FORMA SUPERLATIVA :

• O único item que contém um adjetivo usado na forma superlativa é:

• LEMBRANDO: Os adjetivos superlativos são utilizados para descrever um objeto que se encontra no extremo superior ou inferior de uma qualidade, ou seja, é usado para dar destaque às coisas (the tallest, the smallest, the fastest, the highest).

(A) "The widespread destruction (…) is happening before we even know the most basic facts about what we are losing."

• A destruição generalizada (...) está acontecendo antes mesmo de sabermos os fatos mais básicos sobre o que estamos perdendo.

• A opção (A) apresenta o adjetivo "Bbasic" na forma superlativa (the most basic facts).

• NOTAS IMPORTANTES: 

1) Adjetivos curtos(uma ou duas sílabas), tudo que você deve fazer é colocar o the e adicionar –est no final.

2) Para adjetivos maiores(mais de duas sílabas), a regrinha muda: deve-se acrescentar the most antes do adjetivo, sem alterá-lo. 

3) Entretanto, como para toda regra há uma exceção, alguns adjetivos(good, bad, basic, far) não se submetem às regras acima:

* Good – the best – o melhor

* Bad – the worst – o pior

* Far – the farthest – o mais longe

* Basic- the most basic - o mais básico.

(B) "Covering only 6 percent of the Earth's surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species."

• Cobrindo apenas 6% da superfície da Terra, as florestas tropicais úmidas contêm pelo menos metade de todas as espécies.

• A opção (B) não apresenta nenhum adjetivo no grau superlativo.

• O adjetivo 'moist'(úmido) está na forma simples.

(C) "Scientists estimate that (…) as much as 20 or 25 percent of the world's plant species will soon be extinct."

• Os cientistas estimam que (...) até 20 ou 25 por cento das espécies de plantas do mundo em breve serão extintas.

• A opção (C) apresenta um adjetivo "extinct" na forma simples e um advérbio "much" na forma comparativa de igualdade (as much as). 

(D) "However, the chemical structures of most natural drugs (…) simple extraction is usually less expensive than synthesis."

• No entanto, as estruturas químicas da maioria dos medicamentos naturais (...) a extração simples costuma ser mais barata do que a síntese.

• A opção (D) apresenta um adjetivo "expensive" na forma comparativa de inferioridade (less expensive than).

(E) "Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men."

• As florestas tropicais oferecem esperança de anticoncepcionais mais seguros para mulheres e homens.

• A opção (E) apresenta um adjetivo "safe" na forma comparativa de superioridade (safer contraceptives).

06 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Mark the only sentence that CANNOT be correctly completed with the preposition FROM. 

(A) Commercial sales of drugs derived _____ this one plant are about US$160 million a year. 
(B) Madagascar's rosy periwinkle, a plant _____ Africa, provides two important anti-tumor agents. 
(C) Quinine, an aid in the cure of malaria, is an alkaloid extracted _____ the bark of the cinchona tree found in Latin America and Africa. 
(D) _____ 1960, only 19 percent of Hodgkin's disease sufferers had a chance for survival. 
(E) Until recently, wild yams _____ Mexico and Guatemala provided the world with its entire supply of diosgenin, an active ingredient in birth control pills.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - USO DE PREPOSIÇÃO ADEQUADA GRAMATICALMENTE :

• Marque a única frase que NÃO PODE ser completada corretamente com a preposição FROM.

• RELEMBRANDO: FROM indica origem ou procedência de algo (de que foi produzido) ou a procedência de alguém. 

(A) Commercial sales of drugs derived _____ this one plant are about US$160 million a year.

• Commercial sales of drugs derived from this one plant are about US$160 million a year.

• As vendas comerciais de medicamentos derivados dessa planta giram em torno de US $ 160 milhões por ano. 
(B) Madagascar's rosy periwinkle, a plant _____ Africa, provides two important anti-tumor agents.

• Madagascar's rosy periwinkle, a plant from Africa, provides two important anti-tumor agents.

• Madagascar's rosy periwinkle, a plant from Africa, provides two important anti-tumor agents.

• A mirta rosada de Madagascar, uma planta da África, fornece dois importantes agentes antitumorais. 

(C) Quinine, an aid in the cure of malaria, is an alkaloid extracted _____ the bark of the cinchona tree found in Latin America and Africa.

• Quinine, an aid in the cure of malaria, is an alkaloid extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree found in Latin America and Africa.

• O quinino, um auxiliar na cura da malária, é um alcalóide extraído da casca da árvore cinchona encontrado na América Latina e na África.

(D) _____ 1960, only 19 percent of Hodgkin's disease sufferers had a chance for survival.

• In 1960, only 19 percent of Hodgkin's disease sufferers had a chance for survival.

• Em 1960, apenas 19% dos portadores da doença de Hodgkin tinham chance de sobreviver.

• RELEMBRANDO:  IN é usado antes de SÉCULOS, DÉCADAS, ANOS, ESTAÇÕES DO ANO, MESES E PERÍODOS DO DIA (exceção: at night). 

(E) Until recently, wild yams _____ Mexico and Guatemala provided the world with its entire supply of diosgenin, an active ingredient in birth control pills.

• Until recently, wild yams from Mexico and Guatemala provided the world with its entire supply of diosgenin, an active ingredient in birth control pills.

• Até recentemente, inhames selvagens do México e da Guatemala forneciam ao mundo todo o seu suprimento de diosgenina, um ingrediente ativo nas pílulas anticoncepcionais.

07 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

In the sentence "Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?" (lines 55-56), the author means that:

 
(A) nobody will ever know how to decipher the enigmas of the rainforest. 
(B) there must be a way of learning more about the rainforest puzzles. 
(C) people doubt whether rainforest plants hide other mysteries. 
(D) it is impossible to find out all the applications of tree leaves. 
(E) it is possible that forest plants bring us additional surprises.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  E 

TÓPICO - ANÁLISE SEMÂNTICA DE SENTENÇA :

Na sentença "Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves?"(Quem sabe que outros truques a floresta tropical pode ter em suas folhas?), o autor quer dizer que:

(A) nobody will ever know how to decipher the enigmas of the rainforest.

• ninguém jamais saberá decifrar os enigmas da floresta tropical.

• "Who knows "(Quem sabe) e "nobody will ever know"(ninguém jamais saberá) transmitem ideias diferentes.

(B) there must be a way of learning more about the rainforest puzzles.

• deve haver uma maneira de aprender mais sobre os quebra-cabeças da floresta tropical. 
(C) people doubt whether rainforest plants hide other mysteries.

• as pessoas duvidam que as plantas da floresta escondem outros mistérios. 

(D) it is impossible to find out all the applications of tree leaves.

• é impossível descobrir todas as aplicações das folhas das árvores. 
(E) it is possible that forest plants bring us additional surprises.

• é possível que as plantas florestais nos tragam surpresas adicionais.

08 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Mark the title that best expresses the main idea of Text 1.

 
(A) Daily Life in the Rainforest. 
(B) How to Protect World Ecosystems. 
(C) Diseases Caused by the Rainforest. 
(D) Rainforests: Pharmacy to the World. 
(E) Paradise Lost: The Devastated Rainforest.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO & TÍTULO:

• Marque o título que melhor expressa a ideia principal do Texto 1.

(A) Daily Life in the Rainforest.

• Vida diária na floresta tropical.
(B) How to Protect World Ecosystems.

• Como proteger os ecossistemas mundiais.

(C) Diseases Caused by the Rainforest.

• Doenças causadas pela floresta tropical. 
(D) Rainforests: Pharmacy to the World.

• Florestas tropicais: Farmácia para o mundo.

• O tema principal do texto recai sobre as riquezas medicinais da floresta, portanto "Rainforests: Pharmacy to the World." sintetiza bem a ideia contextual.

(E) Paradise Lost: The Devastated Rainforest.

• Paraíso perdido: a floresta devastada.

❑ TEXTO 2:

Groucho Marx (1890-1977)

09 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

In the statement above, Groucho Marx sounds: 

(A) hopeful. 
(B) ironical. 
(C) irritating. 
(D) alarmed. 
(E) shocked.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA TEXTUAL :

• Tradução livre do texto 2:

• I find television very educating. Every time somebody turns on the set, I go into the other room and read a book.

• Acho a televisão muito educativa. Cada vez que alguém liga o aparelho, vou para a outra sala e leio um livro.

• Na afirmação acima, Groucho Marx soa: 
(A) hopeful.

• esperançoso
(B) ironical.

• irônico

• Perceba, o autor do texto afirma que acha a televisão algo muito educativo, entretanto, toda vez que alguém liga a televisão, o mesmo se sente motivado a retirar-se da sala onde está o aparelho de televisão que foi ligado e dedicar-se à leitura de um livro em outro local. Portanto Groucho Marx soa de forma irônica a situação dada.

(C) irritating.

• irritado.

(D) alarmed.

• alarmado

(E) shocked.

• chocado

10 – (PUC/Rio-2004-VESTIBULAR-TODOS OS GRUPOS)

Based on the quotation, we may infer that the author finds television educating because: 

(A) it teaches people how to read books as a solitary activity. 
(B) it runs many advertisements of books and other cultural products. 
(C) it makes him want to read a book in order to escape from TV shows. 
(D) some of its programs encourage viewers to develop reading habits. 
(E) there are more programs with instructional content than silly ones.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA TEXTUAL :