⓵ TEXTO – | Impact of Climate Change on Firefighting - Extends Beyond Wildfires | www.thebigredguide.com |
⓶ TEXTO – | Diversity, Inclusion and Gender Equity in the Forest Management and Fire Prevention Program in Brazil | https://pcabhub.org |
✴️ 10 True or False Questions |
📅TEXTO 1 – Read Text and answer the five questions that follow it
Impact of Climate Change on Firefighting
Extends Beyond Wildfires
O impacto das mudanças climáticas no combate a incêndios — vai além dos incêndios florestais
Global warming is often mentioned as a factor in the accelerating frequency and intensity of wildfires. However, there are other consequences of global warming that impact the fire service, including new hazards and medical emergencies, emerging training challenges, population migration, and technology developments.
Climate change is often discussed as a future event. However, the impact of wildfires is just the most obvious example of how climate change is already impacting the world, and fire and emergency personnel will be called on to mitigate the effects.
The most obvious and extreme impact of global warming can be seen in the increase of frequency and intensity of wildfires. Hotter and drier weather is extending the wildfire season (maybe to become year-round?). Higher temperatures, low humidity, less rainfall, and high wind increase the likelihood of wildfires.
🔗Adapted from: https://www.thebigredguide.com/insights/impact-climate-changefirefighting-extends-wildfires-editor-s-dispatch.1645685564.html
21 Based on Text I, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
I. The effects of climate change exclude wildfires.
II. Global warming is not a current problem.
III. The number of wildfires has been on the rise.
The statements are, respectively,
🄰 F – T – F.
🄱 T – T – F.
🄲 T – F – T.
🄳 F – T – T.
📝 O QUE A QUESTÃO TESTA:
🔹Verificação de entendimento literal e inferencial.
🔹Identificar se as afirmações estão de acordo com o texto.
📝 ANÁLISE DAS SENTENÇAS:
I. ❌FALSE
🔹The effects of climate change exclude wildfires.
🔹(Os efeitos das mudanças climáticas excluem incêndios florestais.)
🔹Errada – O texto inclui incêndios como o exemplo mais óbvio.
II. ❌FALSE
🔹Global warming is not a current problem.
🔹Aquecimento global não é problema atual.
🔹Errada – (“already impacting the world”).
III. ✅TRUE
🔹O número de incêndios florestais tem aumentado.
🔹Correta – “increase of frequency”.
22 The function of the word “However” in “However, there are other consequences” (1st paragraph) is to introduce a
🄰 concordance.
🄱 comparison.
🄲 conclusion.
🄳 contrast.
🄴 cause.
📝 O QUE A QUESTÃO TESTA:
🔹Reconhecimento da função semântica de um conector dentro do texto.
🔹Aqui “However” = contraste.
📝 CONTEXTO DA FRASE:
🔹“[...] Global warming is often mentioned as a factor in the accelerating frequency and intensity of wildfires. However, there are other consequences of global warming that impact the fire service, including new hazards and medical emergencies, emerging training challenges, population migration, and technology developments. ”
🔹(“O aquecimento global é frequentemente mencionado como um fator na crescente frequência e intensidade dos incêndios florestais. No entanto, há outras consequências do aquecimento global que afetam o serviço de combate a incêndios, incluindo novos riscos e emergências médicas, desafios emergentes de treinamento, migração populacional e avanços tecnológicos.”)
🔹“However” introduz contraste com a ideia anterior.
📝 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:
🄰 ❌concordance
🔹Errada → não concorda; contrapõe.
🄱 ❌comparison
🔹Errada → não compara; contrapõe.
🄲 ❌conclusion
🔹Errada → não conclui; vira o rumo do argumento.
🄳 ✅contrast
🔹Correta → “However” introduz contraste com a ideia anterior.
🄴 ❌cause
🔹Errada → não indica causa.
23 The opposite of “often” in “Climate change is often discussed” (2nd paragraph) is
🄰 much.
🄱 always.
🄲 seldom.
🄳 usually.
🄴 forever.
📝 O QUE A QUESTÃO TESTA:
🔹Conhecimento de vocabulário em inglês, especialmente advérbios de frequência (often × seldom).
📝 CONTEXTO DA FRASE:
🔹“Climate change is often discussed”
🔹(As mudanças climáticas são frequentemente discutidas.)
🔹[often] → frequentemente.
🔹O oposto de “frequentemente” → Seldom (raramente).
📝 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:
🄰 ❌much
🔹Errada → “muito” (quantidade), não frequência.
🄱 ❌always
🔹Errada → “sempre”, é mais intenso, não o oposto.
🄲 ✅seldom
🔹Correta → "seldom (raramente) é o antônimo natural de “often”.
🄳 ❌usually
🔹Errada → “geralmente”, semelhante a “often”.
🄴 ❌forever
🔹Errada → “para sempre”, não frequência habitual.
24 “Maybe” in “(maybe to become year-round?)” (3rd paragraph) is similar in meaning to
🄰 perhaps.
🄱 already.
🄲 almost.
🄳 surely.
🄴 rather.
25 To “increase the likelihood” (3rd paragraph) means to raise the
🄰 impossibility.
🄱 uncertainty.
🄲 preference.
🄳 willingness.
🄴 probability.
📝 CONTEXTO DA FRASE:
🔹“increase the likelihood”
🔹(aumentar a probabilidade)
📝 ANÁLISE DAS ALTERNATIVAS:
🄰 ❌impossibility
🔹Errada → impossibilidade (o oposto).
🄱 ❌uncertainty
🔹Errada → incerteza (não é isso).
🄲 ❌preference
🔹Errada → preferência.
🄳 ❌willingness
🔹Errada → disposição.
🄴 ✅probability
🔹Correta → “Likelihood” = probabilidade.
📅TEXTO 2 – Read Text and answer the five questions that follow it
Diversity, Inclusion and Gender Equity in the Forest Management and Fire Prevention Program in Brazil
Women make up more than half of Brazil’s population and account for 47 million (~50%) of the labor market. Despite these numbers, women are still underrepresented in many sectors: they occupy 37% of leadership positions in private companies; only 15% and 13%, respectively, are federal Representatives and Senators; and only 12% of cities have women as mayors. The fewer women there are in leadership positions and in politics, the lower the representation and scope of their interests and needs.
Coupled with that, men’s wages are, on average, 24% higher than women’s who hold the same position. Furthermore, Brazilian women dedicate, on average, 10.4 hours/week more than men to household chores and caring for family members (for example, children and the elderly), a type of work characterized as “domestic” and unpaid. As a result, women dedicate less time to professional improvement relative to men. The fewer women in mixed gender work teams, the less likely women are to excel in their roles and positions.
In Integrated Fire Management (IFM), women face similar challenges, whether in coordination roles or technical and operational ones. In Brazil, specifically, Solis and colleagues1 identified that there are no regulations or guidelines that promote multiculturalism and gender equity in the processes of hiring forest fire brigades. Although gender equity in IFM is recognized, in Brazil this debate is still informal and poorly documented. 1 Solis I, Vera J, Aguado RC, et al. Diagnóstico de Manejo do Fogo no Brasil. Brasília, Brasil, 2021.
🔗Adapted from https://pcabhub.org/en-us/resources/general-publications/genderand-fire-usfs.pdf
26 Analyse the assertions below based on Text II: I. Most political positions in Brazil are today taken up by women.
II. Housework is one of the factors that may prevent women from getting better qualification.
III. Brazil has contributed with extensive evidence for the debate on gender equity in fire management.
Choose the correct answer:
🄰 Only I is correct.
🄱 Only II is correct.
🄲 Only III is correct.
🄳 Only I and II are correct.
🄴 All three assertions are correct.
🄰 Only I is correct.
🄱 Only II is correct.
🄲 Only III is correct.
🄳 Only I and II are correct.
🄴 All three assertions are correct.
27 The percentage in “24% higher than women’s” (2nd paragraph) refers to women’s
🄰 roles.
🄱 teams.
🄲 wages.
🄳 chores.
🄴 position.
📝 CONTEXTO DA FRASE:
🔹“Coupled with that, men’s wages are, on average, 24% higher than women’s who hold the same position.”
🔹(Além disso, os salários dos homens são, em média, 24% maiores do que os das mulheres que ocupam o mesmo cargo.)
🔹[Coupled with that] → significa “além disso” ou “somado a isso”. É uma forma formal de acrescentar informação que reforça o ponto anterior.
🔹[24% higher than women’s”] → A porcentagem compara diretamente os salários dos homens com os salários das mulheres, portanto se refere a wages (salários), e não a cargos, equipes ou tarefas domésticas.
📝 ANÁLISE DAS OPÇÕES:
🄰 ❌roles
🔹O texto compara salários, não funções ou cargos.
🄱 ❌teams
🔹Não se trata de equipes, mas de remuneração individual.
🄲 ✅wages
🔹A frase fala que os salários dos homens são, em média, 24% mais altos que os das mulheres na mesma posição.
🄳 ❌chores
🔹Embora o texto mencione tarefas domésticas, a porcentagem não se refere a isso.
🄴 ❌position
🔹Embora a posição seja mencionada como contexto, o 24% se refere aos salários, não ao cargo.
28 “Furthermore” in “Furthermore, Brazilian women dedicate, on average, 10.4 hours/week” (2nd paragraph) can be replaced without significant change in meaning by
🄰 Moreover.
🄱 Although.
🄲 Actually.
🄳 Lastly.
🄴 Yet.
📝 O QUE A QUESTÃO TESTA:
📝 ANÁLISE DAS OPÇÕES:
🄰 ✅Moreover
🔹Significa “além disso” ou “ademais”, funcionando como um conectivo que adiciona informação, assim como “Furthermore”.
🄱 ❌Although
🔹Significa “embora” e introduz contraste, não adição de informação.
🄲 ❌Actually
🔹Significa “na verdade” e indica ênfase ou correção, não adição de informação.
🄳 ❌Lastly
🔹Significa “por último”, usado para concluir, não para adicionar informação.
🄴 ❌Yet
🔹Significa “ainda” ou “no entanto”, usado para contraste, não adição.
29 The structure of the sentence “whether in coordination roles or technical and operational ones” (3rd paragraph) signals a(n):
🄰 consequence.
🄱 alternative.
🄲 imperative.
🄳 exception.
🄴 objection.
• Gabarito 🄱
📝 O QUE A QUESTÃO TESTA:
30 When the text mentions “hiring forest fire brigades” (3rd paragraph), it refers to the process of
🄰 dismissing people.
🄱 buying equipment.
🄲 dealing with disasters.
🄳 neglecting forest fires.
🄴 employing firefighters.
