quarta-feira, 2 de julho de 2025

POSTAGENS – PROVAS ANTERIORES DA CESGRANRIO – LÍNGUA INGLESA

 

www.cesgranrio.org.br

>> TOTAL: 29 PROVAS GABARITADAS DE LÍNGUA INGLESA

❑ ANO 2024 (= 3 PROVAS)


❑ ANO 2018 (= 3 PROVAS)


❑ ANO 2016 (= 1 PROVA)


❑ ANO 2015 (= 2 PROVAS)


❑ ANO 2014 (= 2 PROVAS)


❑ ANO 2013 (= 2 PROVAS)


❑ ANO 2012 (= 2 PROVAS)

EDUCA 2025 – PROFESSOR DE INGLÊS – PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE UMBUZEIRO – PARAÍBA

 

https://www.cebraspe.org.br

  • Texto (1) – | Learning a foreign language today | Teaching English today: Contexts and objectives. |
  • Texto (2) – | The socio-economic gap in foreign-language learning | www.oecd.org |
  • 10 Multiple Choice Questions Five-Option Question |
 TEXTO 1:
LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TODAY
A aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira atualmente
[1º parágrafo]
Until a few years ago, learning a foreign language took place largely in the classroom, within an education system.
Até alguns anos atrás, a aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira acontecia em grande parte na sala de aula, dentro de um sistema educacional.

Geralmente, isso significava aprender regras gramaticais e vocabulário, fazer exercícios escritos, ler textos especialmente escritos e responder a perguntas de compreensão e, possivelmente, ouvir textos gravados (e responder a outras perguntas de compreensão sobre eles também). 

A lot of people learned the language this way; in fact, you may have done so yourself.
Muitas pessoas aprenderam o idioma dessa maneira; na verdade, você pode ter feito isso.

[2º parágrafo]
However, some adults who first experienced a foreign language at school in the past did not have much success with it.
No entanto, alguns adultos que tiveram seu primeiro contato com uma língua estrangeira na escola não obtiveram muito sucesso.

This was often because they could only see the difficulties, such as the differences between the L1 and the target language (L2).
Isso geralmente acontecia porque eles só conseguiam enxergar as dificuldades, como as diferenças entre a L1 e a língua-alvo (L2).

They often became demotivated and decided that English was too difficult, that it had no real use for them, and many of them gave it up as soon as they could.
Muitas vezes, eles se desmotivavam e decidiam que o inglês era muito difícil, que não tinha utilidade real para eles, e muitos o abandonavam assim que podiam.

They joined the large worldwide community of unsuccessful foreign language learners.
Juntavam-se à grande comunidade mundial de estudantes de línguas estrangeiras sem sucesso.

[3º parágrafo]
Today, however, because English is so widely available on the web, and in social media, as well as in many workplaces, it has become a reality - and even a requirement - for a great many people.
Hoje, no entanto, como o inglês está tão amplamente disponível na web, nas mídias sociais e em muitos locais de trabalho, ele se tornou uma realidade - e até mesmo um requisito - para muitas pessoas.

As a result, it is much easier to see the connection between what is done in the classroom and the use of the language in the outside world, and to ensure that the first can be seen to be a practical preparation for the second.
Como resultado, é muito mais fácil ver a conexão entre o que é feito em sala de aula e o uso da língua no mundo exterior, e garantir que o primeiro possa ser visto como uma preparação prática para o segundo.
  • Excerpt extracted and adapted from: HOLDEN, Susan; NOBRE, Vinícius. Teaching English today: Contexts and objectives. São Paulo: HUB Editorial, 2028 p. 3-4.
31 – According to Text 1, choose the alternative that correctly summarizes its general idea:
(A) Learning English today is only possible through classroom instruction.
(B) Learners today still give up learning English due to lack of motivation for real use of it.
(C) In the past, language learners had easy access to authentic English materials online.
(D) Learning a foreign language has not changed significantly over time.
(E) Learning a foreign language, especially English, has changed significantly over time.
•   Gabarito  E  
According to Text 1, choose the alternative that correctly summarizes its general idea:
De acordo com o Texto 1, escolha a alternativa que resume corretamente sua ideia geral:
(A) Learning English today is only possible through classroom instruction.
Aprender inglês hoje só é possível por meio de aulas.
(B) Learners today still give up learning English due to lack of motivation for real use of it.
Os alunos de hoje ainda desistem de aprender inglês por falta de motivação para o uso real da língua.
(C) In the past, language learners had easy access to authentic English materials online.
No passado, os alunos de idiomas tinham fácil acesso a materiais autênticos em inglês online.
(D) Learning a foreign language has not changed significantly over time.
Aprender uma língua estrangeira não mudou significativamente ao longo do tempo.
(E) Learning a foreign language, especially English, has changed significantly over time.
Aprender uma língua estrangeira, especialmente o inglês, mudou significativamente ao longo do tempo.

32 – According to Text 1, learning a foreign language in the past usually meant “learning grammar rules and vocabulary, doing written exercises, reading specially written texts, and answering comprehension questions”.
Based on this information, which teaching method or approach below best describes the combination of this set of practices?
(A) Natural approach.
(B) Grammar-translation method.
(C) TBL - Task-based learning.
(D) Suggestopedia.
(A) Communicative approach.
•   Gabarito  B  
According to Text 1, learning a foreign language in the past usually meant “learning grammar rules and vocabulary, doing written exercises, reading specially written texts, and answering comprehension questions”.
De acordo com o Texto 1, aprender uma língua estrangeira no passado geralmente significava “aprender regras gramaticais e vocabulário, fazer exercícios escritos, ler textos especialmente escritos e responder a perguntas de compreensão”.
Based on this information, which teaching method or approach below best describes the combination of this set of practices?
Com base nessas informações, qual método ou abordagem de ensino abaixo melhor descreve a combinação desse conjunto de práticas?
(A) Natural approach.
Abordagem natural.
(B) Grammar-translation method.
Método de gramática e tradução.
(C) TBL - Task-based learning.
TBL - Aprendizagem baseada em tarefas.
(D) Suggestopedia.
Sugestopédia.
(A) Communicative approach.
Abordagem comunicativa.

33 – According to text 1, what was one of the main reasons that used to demotivate English language learners in the past?
(A) It was too easy to see the connection between the language taught in the classroom and the use of it in the world outside.
(B) English speakers were not welcome in their communities and workplaces in general.
(C) Students normally considered that the English language had no real use for them.
(D) Students often became demotivated because they considered English too easy for them.
(E) Students barely knew how to speak Portuguese so that English was too much for them.
•   Gabarito  C  
According to text 1, what was one of the main reasons that used to demotivate English language learners in the past?
De acordo com o texto 1, qual era um dos principais motivos que desmotivavam os alunos de inglês no passado?
(A) It was too easy to see the connection between the language taught in the classroom and the use of it in the world outside.
Era muito fácil ver a conexão entre a língua ensinada em sala de aula e seu uso no mundo exterior.
(B) English speakers were not welcome in their communities and workplaces in general.
Os falantes de inglês não eram bem-vindos em suas comunidades e locais de trabalho em geral.
(C) Students normally considered that the English language had no real use for them.
Os alunos normalmente consideravam que a língua inglesa não tinha utilidade real para eles.
(D) Students often became demotivated because they considered English too easy for them.
Os alunos frequentemente ficavam desmotivados por considerarem o inglês fácil demais para eles.
(E) Students barely knew how to speak Portuguese so that English was too much for them.
Os alunos mal sabiam falar português, então o inglês era demais para eles.

34 – According to Text 1, how can English be learned in today’s world?
(A) Only reading books and specialized magazines.
(B) By memorization of vocabulary lists.
(C) Just watching TV.
(D) Surfing the web and using social media.
(E) Through explicit grammar instruction.
•   Gabarito  D  
According to Text 1, how can English be learned in today’s world?
De acordo com o Texto 1, como se aprende inglês no mundo atual?
(A) Only reading books and specialized magazines.
Somente lendo livros e revistas especializadas.
(B) By memorization of vocabulary lists.
Memorizando listas de vocabulário.
(C) Just watching TV.
Somente assistindo TV.
(D) Surfing the web and using social media.
Navegando na internet e usando as redes sociais.
(E) Through explicit grammar instruction.
Por meio de instruções gramaticais explícitas.

35 – In the sentence “However, some adults who first experienced a foreign language at school in the past did not have much success with it” (2nd paragraph), the word “However” can be correctly classified as:
(A) A discourse marker that indicates addition.
(B) A discourse marker that points to a given cause or consequence.
(C) A discourse marker that sets a chronological sequence.
(D) A discourse marker that introduces a contrast.
(E) A discourse marker that emphasizes a given situation.
•   Gabarito  D  
In the sentence “However, some adults who first experienced a foreign language at school in the past did not have much success with it” (2nd paragraph), the word “However” can be correctly classified as:
Na frase “No entanto, alguns adultos que tiveram sua primeira experiência com uma língua estrangeira na escola no passado não tiveram muito sucesso com ela” (2º parágrafo), a palavra “No entanto” pode ser corretamente classificada como:
(A) A discourse marker that indicates addition.
Um marcador de discurso que indica adição.
(B) A discourse marker that points to a given cause or consequence.
Um marcador de discurso que aponta para uma determinada causa ou consequência.
(C) A discourse marker that sets a chronological sequence.
Um marcador de discurso que estabelece uma sequência cronológica.
Um marcador de discurso que introduz um contraste.
(E) A discourse marker that emphasizes a given situation.
Um marcador de discurso que enfatiza uma determinada situação.

 TEXTO 2:
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC GAP IN FOREIGNLANGUAGE LEARNING
A lacuna socioeconômica na aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras
[1º parágrafo]
Teaching foreign languages has become a major goal for many education systems around the world.
Ensinar línguas estrangeiras tornou-se um objetivo fundamental para muitos sistemas educacionais em todo o mundo. 

In today’s increasingly interconnected world, speaking multiple languages improves employability, fosters respect for people from other cultures, and gives young people direct access to content that would otherwise be inaccessible, including literature, music, theatre and cinema (OECD, 2020a).
No mundo cada vez mais interconectado de hoje, falar vários idiomas melhora a empregabilidade, promove o respeito por pessoas de outras culturas e dá aos jovens acesso direto a conteúdos que de outra forma seriam inacessíveis, incluindo literatura, música, teatro e cinema (OCDE, 2020a).

[2º parágrafo]
For the first time in 2018, PISA asked students whether they studied foreign languages at school and how much class time they had on foreign languages per week.
Pela primeira vez em 2018, o PISA perguntou aos alunos se eles estudavam línguas estrangeiras na escola e qual a carga horária semanal dedicada a elas.

Results show that learning foreign languages is widely available to 15-year-olds in today’s education systems.
Os resultados mostram que o aprendizado de línguas estrangeiras está amplamente disponível para jovens de 15 anos nos sistemas educacionais atuais.

However, these opportunities are not evenly distributed among students of different socio-economic status: students in advantaged schools have more opportunities to learn foreign languages than students in disadvantaged schools.
No entanto, essas oportunidades não são distribuídas uniformemente entre alunos de diferentes níveis socioeconômicos: alunos de escolas favorecidas têm mais oportunidades de aprender línguas estrangeiras do que alunos de escolas desfavorecidas.

These socioeconomic disparities in foreign-language instruction time are telling as they correlate to inequity in student achievement in other areas – in reading, for example.
Essas disparidades socioeconômicas na carga horária de ensino de línguas estrangeiras são reveladoras, pois se correlacionam com a desigualdade no desempenho dos alunos em outras áreas – em leitura, por exemplo.

These results suggest the existence of a social divide not previously measured that leaves some students unprepared for effective communication with others from different cultural and language backgrounds.
Esses resultados sugerem a existência de uma divisão social não medida anteriormente, que deixa alguns alunos despreparados para uma comunicação eficaz com outras pessoas de diferentes origens culturais e linguísticas.
36 – According to Text 2, what is one of the main goals of education systems worldwide nowadays?
(A) Implementing STEAM Education projects.
(B) Promote gender equality and anti-racist education projects.
(C) Improving students' mathematical skills to boost PISA indicators.
(D) Foster education focused on the Sustainable Development Goals.
(E) Teaching foreign languages. 
•   Gabarito  E  
According to Text 2, what is one of the main goals of education systems worldwide nowadays?
De acordo com o Texto 2, qual é um dos principais objetivos dos sistemas educacionais em todo o mundo atualmente?
(A) Implementing STEAM Education projects.
Implementar projetos de Educação STEAM.
(B) Promote gender equality and anti-racist education projects.
Promover projetos de educação para a igualdade de gênero e antirracistas.
(C) Improving students' mathematical skills to boost PISA indicators.
Aprimorar as habilidades matemáticas dos alunos para impulsionar os indicadores do PISA.
(D) Foster education focused on the Sustainable Development Goals.
Promover a educação com foco nos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável.
(E) Teaching foreign languages.
Ensinar línguas estrangeiras. 

37 – Based on Text 2, which benefit is not mentioned as a result of speaking multiple languages?
(A) Better employability.
(B) Cultural respect.
(C) Access to international content.
(D) Higher income tax return.
(E) Understanding foreign media.
•   Gabarito  D  
Based on Text 2, which benefit is not mentioned as a result of speaking multiple languages?
Com base no Texto 2, qual benefício não é mencionado como resultado de falar vários idiomas?
(A) Better employability.
Melhor empregabilidade.
(B) Cultural respect.
Respeito cultural.
(C) Access to international content.
Acesso a conteúdo internacional.
(D) Higher income tax return.
Maior retorno do imposto de renda.
(E) Understanding foreign media.
Compreensão da mídia estrangeira.

38 – Still based on Text 2, which of the following areas does PISA specifically investigate regarding language learning?
(A) Teachers' fluency in foreign languages.
(B) Parental attitudes toward language learning.
(C) Time students spend in foreign language classes.
(D) Grammar and translation accuracy in formal school exams.
(E) Literature, music, theatre and cinema preferences among students.
•   Gabarito  C  
Still based on Text 2, which of the following areas does PISA specifically investigate regarding language learning?
Ainda com base no Texto 2, qual das seguintes áreas o PISA investiga especificamente em relação à aprendizagem de línguas?
(A) Teachers' fluency in foreign languages.
Fluência dos professores em línguas estrangeiras.
(B) Parental attitudes toward language learning.
Atitudes dos pais em relação à aprendizagem de línguas.
(C) Time students spend in foreign language classes.
Tempo que os alunos passam em aulas de línguas estrangeiras.
(D) Grammar and translation accuracy in formal school exams.
Precisão gramatical e de tradução em exames escolares formais.
(E) Literature, music, theatre and cinema preferences among students.
Preferências dos alunos por literatura, música, teatro e cinema.

39 – In the sentence “In today’s increasingly interconnected world, speaking multiple languages improves employability, fosters respect for people from other cultures, and gives young people direct access to content that would otherwise be inaccessible”, the underlined word (“fosters”) ends with an “s” for the same reason as in:
(A) improves (1st paragraph).
(B) 15-year-olds (2nd paragraph).
(C) backgrounds (1st paragraph).
(D) today’s (1st paragraph).
(E) status (2nd paragraph).
•   Gabarito  A  
In the sentence “In today’s increasingly interconnected world, speaking multiple languages improves employability, fosters respect for people from other cultures, and gives young people direct access to content that would otherwise be inaccessible”, the underlined word (“fosters”) ends with an “s” for the same reason as in:
Na frase “No mundo cada vez mais interconectado de hoje, falar vários idiomas melhora a empregabilidade, promove o respeito por pessoas de outras culturas e dá aos jovens acesso direto a conteúdos que de outra forma seriam inacessíveis”, a palavra sublinhada (“fosters”) termina com um “s” pelo mesmo motivo que em:
(A) improves (1st paragraph).
(B) 15-year-olds (2nd paragraph).
(C) backgrounds (1st paragraph).
(D) today’s (1st paragraph).
(E) status (2nd paragraph).

40 – In the excerpt “These socio-economic disparities in foreign-language instruction time are telling as they correlate to inequity in student achievement in other areas” (from paragraph 2), the underlined word (“telling”) has the suffix “-ing” for the same reason as in:
(A) teaching (1st paragraph).
(B) including (1st paragraph).
(C) learning (2nd paragraph).
(D) reading (2nd paragraph).
(E) speaking (1st paragraph).
•   Gabarito  B  
In the excerpt “These socio-economic disparities in foreign-language instruction time are telling as they correlate to inequity in student achievement in other areas” (from paragraph 2), the underlined word (“telling”) has the suffix “-ing” for the same reason as in:
No excerto “Estas disparidades socioeconómicas no tempo de ensino de línguas estrangeiras são reveladoras, uma vez que se correlacionam com a desigualdade no desempenho dos alunos em outras áreas” (do parágrafo 2), a palavra sublinhada (“revelador”) tem o sufixo “-ing” pela mesma razão que em:
(A) teaching (1st paragraph).
>> "teaching" funciona como substantivo.
(B) including (1st paragraph).
>> "including" funciona como verbo.
• "[...] including literature, music, theatre and cinema."
• incluindo literatura, música, teatro e cinema.
(C) learning (2nd paragraph).
>> "learning" funciona como substantivo.
(D) reading (2nd paragraph).
>> "reading" funciona como substantivo.
(E) speaking (1st paragraph).
>> "speaking" funciona como substantivo.

JVL CONCURSOS 2025 – PMRG/PI – PROFESSOR DE INGLÊS – PREFEITURA MUNICIPAL DE RIBEIRO GONÇALVES

 

https://www.cebraspe.org.br

  • 10 Multiple Choice Questions Four-Option Question |
21 – Read the excerpt below and choose the statement that best reflects the author’s point of view.
Excerpt:
  • "Implementing technology in the language classroom can foster learner autonomy, yet it demands careful planning and ongoing assessment to ensure meaningful interaction. Teachers should integrate digital resources that reinforce communicative goals rather than simply replacing traditional methods."
A) The author believes technology should completely replace conventional teaching methods. 
B) The author argues that technology is distracting when used for communication activities. 
C) The author suggests using digital tools that enhance interaction aligned with communicative aims. 
D) The author states that technology is universally beneficial, regardless of how it is planned. 
•   Gabarito C  
  • "Implementing technology in the language classroom can foster learner autonomy, yet it demands careful planning and ongoing assessment to ensure meaningful interaction.
  • A implementação da tecnologia na sala de aula de idiomas pode promover a autonomia do aluno, mas exige planejamento cuidadoso e avaliação contínua para garantir uma interação significativa.
  • Teachers should integrate digital resources that reinforce communicative goals rather than simply replacing traditional methods."
  • Os professores devem integrar recursos digitais que reforcem os objetivos comunicativos, em vez de simplesmente substituir os métodos tradicionais.
A) The author believes technology should completely replace conventional teaching methods.
O autor acredita que a tecnologia deve substituir completamente os métodos convencionais de ensino. 
B) The author argues that technology is distracting when used for communication activities.
O autor argumenta que a tecnologia distrai quando usada para atividades de comunicação. 
C) The author suggests using digital tools that enhance interaction aligned with communicative aims.
O autor sugere o uso de ferramentas digitais que aprimorem a interação alinhada aos objetivos comunicativos. 
D) The author states that technology is universally beneficial, regardless of how it is planned. 
O autor afirma que a tecnologia é universalmente benéfica, independentemente de como seja planejada.

22 – Choose the option that correctly completes the sentence using a relative pronoun:
  • “The teacher praised the student ____ project on environmental conservation won first prize.” 
A) which 
B) whose 
C) who 
D) whom 
•   Gabarito B  
A
23 – Select the sentence that is grammatically correct and conveys a past hypothetical situation: 
A) “If he had known the time, he would arrive earlier.” 
B) “If she would have studied more, she will pass the exam.” 
C) “If they had joined us, we would have finished the project faster.” 
D) “If they knew the rules, they could have been more cautious.” 
•   Gabarito C  
A
24 – Identify the correct question tag:
  • “You didn’t finish marking the assignments, ____?” 
A) did you 
B) didn’t you 
C) will you 
D) don’t you 
•   Gabarito A  
Identify the correct question tag:
  • “You didn’t finish marking the assignments, did you ?” 
A) did you 
B) didn’t you 
C) will you 
D) don’t you

25 – Which option correctly transforms the active sentence into the passive?
  • Active: “The board members will discuss the new policy next week.” 
A) “The new policy will be discussed by the board members next week.” 
B) “The new policy was being discussed by the board members next week.” 
C) “The new policy has been discussed by the board members next week.” 
D) “The new policy is discussed by the board members next week.” 
•   Gabarito A  
Which option correctly transforms the active sentence into the passive?
  • Active: “The board members will discuss the new policy next week.” 
A) “The new policy will be discussed by the board members next week.” 
B) “The new policy was being discussed by the board members next week.” 
C) “The new policy has been discussed by the board members next week.” 
D) “The new policy is discussed by the board members next week.” 

26 – Choose the sentence in which the indefinite pronoun is used correctly: 
A) “Someone told me that anything could happen if you believe.” 
B) “I didn’t see nobody in the library after 8 p.m.” 
C) “Everyone seems excited about the upcoming workshop.” 
D) “There is nothing interesting in the news, I heard something else.”
•   Gabarito X  
Choose the sentence in which the indefinite pronoun is used correctly: 
A) “Someone told me that anything could happen if you believe.” 
B) “I didn’t see nobody in the library after 8 p.m.” 
C) “Everyone seems excited about the upcoming workshop.” 
D) “There is nothing interesting in the news, I heard something else.”

27 – Complete the sentence with the appropriate article:
  • “____ university in this region is offering additional language courses for free.”
A) A
B) An
C) The
D) (No article needed) 
•   Gabarito A  
Complete the sentence with the appropriate article:
  • A university in this region is offering additional language courses for free.”
A) A
B) An
C) The
D) (No article needed)

28 – Pick the correct form:
  • “Among all the participants, Linda read her text ____ .”
A) more fluently
B) most fluently
C) fluently
D) the most fluent
•   Gabarito B  
Pick the correct form:
  • “Among all the participants, Linda read her text most fluently.”
  • Entre todos os participantes, Linda leu seu texto com mais fluência.
A) more fluently
B) most fluently
C) fluently
D) the most fluent

29 – Which sentence accurately uses a reflexive pronoun?
A) “He looked at him in the mirror.”
B) “She offered us the tickets itself.”
C) “They decided to do the test by they.”
D) “We enjoyed ourselves at the conference.”
•   Gabarito D  
Which sentence accurately uses a reflexive pronoun?
A) “He looked at him in the mirror.”
B) “She offered us the tickets itself.”
C) “They decided to do the test by they.”
D) “We enjoyed ourselves at the conference.”

30 – Select the option that properly expresses possession:
A) “The childrens books were scattered everywhere.”
B) “The book’s child pages seemed torn.”
C) “The child of the book is well illustrated.”
D) “The child’s book was missing from the shelf.”
•   Gabarito B  
Select the option that properly expresses possession:
A) “The childrens books were scattered everywhere.”
B) “The book’s child pages seemed torn.”
C) “The child of the book is well illustrated.”
D) “The child’s book was missing from the shelf.”

terça-feira, 1 de julho de 2025

CEBRASPE 2016 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – TCE/PR – ANALISTA DE CONTROLE TI (TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO) – TRIBUNAL DE CONTAS DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ

 

https://www.cebraspe.org.br

  • Texto (1) – | 8A5AAA | Cryptography | Computer network security |
  • Texto (2) – | 8A5BBB | Introduction | Cryptography and network security: principles and practice. |
  • 10 Multiple Choice Questions Five-Option Question |
 TEXTO 1: (8A5AAA)
[1º parágrafo]
Although the basic concepts of cryptography predate the Greeks, the present word cryptography, used to describe the art of secret communication, comes from the Greek meaning “secret writing”.
Embora os conceitos básicos da criptografia sejam anteriores aos gregos, a palavra atual, criptografia, usada para descrever a arte da comunicação secreta, vem do grego e significa "escrita secreta".

From its rather simple beginnings, cryptography has grown in tandem with technology and its importance has also similarly grown.
Desde seus primórdios relativamente simples, a criptografia cresceu em paralelo com a tecnologia, e sua importância também cresceu. 

Assim como em seus primórdios, a boa habilidade criptográfica ainda vence guerras.

[2º parágrafo]
As we get dragged more and more into the new information society, faceless digital communication regimes are guaranteeing neither information and personal security nor personal privacy.
À medida que somos cada vez mais arrastados para a nova sociedade da informação, regimes de comunicação digital sem rosto não garantem nem a informação nem a segurança pessoal, nem a privacidade pessoal.

The technological and communications revolution has further resulted in massive global surveillance of millions of individuals by either their governments or private companies; the fight for personal privacy has never been any fiercer, and the integrity and confidentiality of data have become more urgent than ever before.
A revolução tecnológica e das comunicações resultou ainda mais na vigilância global massiva de milhões de indivíduos por seus governos ou empresas privadas; a luta pela privacidade pessoal nunca foi tão feroz, e a integridade e a confidencialidade dos dados se tornaram mais urgentes do que nunca.

The security and trust of digital transaction systems have become of critical importance as more and more organizations and businesses join the e-commerce train.
A segurança e a confiança dos sistemas de transações digitais tornaram-se de fundamental importância à medida que mais e mais organizações e empresas aderem ao comércio eletrônico.

The very future of global commerce is at stake in this new information society unless the security of e-commerce can be guaranteed.
O futuro do comércio global está em jogo nesta nova sociedade da informação, a menos que a segurança do comércio eletrônico possa ser garantida.

[3º parágrafo]
Cryptography is being increasingly used to fight off this massive invasion of individual privacy and security, to guarantee data integrity and confidentiality, and to bring trust in global e-commerce.
A criptografia está sendo cada vez 'mais usada para combater' essa invasão massiva de privacidade e segurança individual, para garantir a integridade e a confidencialidade dos dados e para trazer confiança ao comércio eletrônico global.

Cryptography has become the main tool for providing the needed digital security in the modern digital communication medium that far exceeds the kind of security that was offered by any medium before it.
A criptografia se tornou a principal ferramenta para fornecer a segurança digital necessária no meio de comunicação digital moderno, que excede em muito o tipo de segurança oferecido por qualquer meio anterior a ela.
  • Joseph Migga Kiza. Cryptography. In: Computer network security. Chattanooga: Springer, 2005, p. 257-8 (adapted).
  • Joseph Migga Kiza. Criptografia. Em: Segurança de redes de computadores. Chattanooga: Springer, 2005, p. 257-8 (adaptado).
93 – Text 8A5AAA shows that cryptography has
(A) provided more safety in digital communication than any other tool.
(B) been widely traded in global e-commerce.
(C) been entirely despised since the ancient Greeks.
(D) become key in face-to-face communication.
(E) been used against the invasion of individual privacy.
•   Gabarito  E  
Text 8A5AAA shows that cryptography has
O texto 8A5AAA mostra que a criptografia tem
(A) provided more safety in digital communication than any other tool.
proporcionado mais segurança na comunicação digital do que qualquer outra ferramenta.
(B) been widely traded in global e-commerce.
sido amplamente comercializada no comércio eletrônico global.
(C) been entirely despised since the ancient Greeks.
 sido totalmente desprezada desde os gregos antigos.
(D) become key in face-to-face communication.
tornou-se essencial na comunicação face a face.
(E) been used against the invasion of individual privacy.
sido usada contra a invasão da privacidade individual.

94 – Text 8A5AAA states that digital communication regimes in the new information society
(A) are marked by too many secrets.
(B) are aimed to arouse surveillance.
(C) fail in providing personal security.
(D) sneer integrity and confidentiality.
(E) gave birth to cryptography.
•   Gabarito  C  
Text 8A5AAA states that digital communication regimes in the new information society
O texto 8A5AAA afirma que os regimes de comunicação digital na nova sociedade da informação
(A) are marked by too many secrets.
são marcados por muitos segredos.
(B) are aimed to arouse surveillance.
visam despertar vigilância.
(C) fail in providing personal security.
falham em fornecer segurança pessoal.
(D) sneer integrity and confidentiality.
desprezam a integridade e a confidencialidade.
(E) gave birth to cryptography.
deram origem à criptografia.

95 – It can be said from text 8A5AAA that cryptography and technology have
(A) been created by Greeks.
(B) developed together.
(C) grown in irrelevance.
(D) been used to win wars.
(E) had simple beginnings.
•   Gabarito  B  
It can be said from text 8A5AAA that cryptography and technology have
Pode-se dizer, a partir do texto 8A5AAA, que a criptografia e a tecnologia
(A) been created by Greeks.
foram criadas pelos gregos.
(B) developed together.
se desenvolveram juntas.
(C) grown in irrelevance.
tornaram-se irrelevantes.
(D) been used to win wars.
foram usadas para vencer guerras.
(E) had simple beginnings.
tiveram origens simples.

96 – In text 8A5AAA, the word “unless” (R.20) conveys the idea of
(A) addition.
(B) condition.
(C) comparison.
(D) contrast.
(E) purpose.
•   Gabarito  B  
In text 8A5AAA, the word “unless” (R.20) conveys the idea of
(A) addition.
(B) condition.
(C) comparison.
(D) contrast.
(E) purpose.

 TEXTO 2: (8A5BBB)
[1º parágrafo]
The requirements of information security within an organization have undergone two major changes in the last several decades.
Os requisitos de segurança da informação dentro de uma organização passaram por duas grandes mudanças nas últimas décadas.

Before the widespread use of data processing equipment, the security of information felt to be valuable to an organization was provided primarily by physical and administrative means.
Antes do uso generalizado de equipamentos de processamento de dados, a segurança das informações consideradas valiosas para uma organização era fornecida principalmente por meios físicos e administrativos.

An example of the former is the use of  rugged filing cabinets with a combination lock for storing sensitive documents.
Um exemplo do primeiro é o uso de armários de arquivo robustos com fechadura de combinação para armazenar documentos confidenciais. 

An example of the latter is personnel screening procedures used during the hiring process.
Um exemplo do segundo são os procedimentos de triagem de pessoal usados ​​durante o processo de contratação.

[2º parágrafo]
With the introduction of the computer, the need for automated tools for protecting files and other information stored on the computer became evident. This is especially the case for a shared system, such as a time-sharing system, and the need is even more acute for systems that can be accessed over a public telephone network, data network, or the Internet. The generic name for the collection of tools designed to protect data and to thwart hackers is computer security.
Com a introdução do computador, tornou-se evidente a necessidade de ferramentas automatizadas para proteger arquivos e outras informações armazenadas no computador. Isso se aplica especialmente a sistemas compartilhados, como sistemas de tempo compartilhado, e a necessidade é ainda mais premente para sistemas que podem ser acessados ​​por meio de uma rede telefônica pública, rede de dados ou internet. O nome genérico para o conjunto de ferramentas projetadas para proteger dados e impedir hackers é segurança de computadores.

[3º parágrafo]
The second major change that affected security is the introduction of distributed systems and the use of networks and communications facilities for carrying data between terminal user and computer and between computer and computer.
A segunda grande mudança que afetou a segurança é a introdução de sistemas distribuídos e o uso de redes e recursos de comunicação para transportar dados entre o usuário do terminal e o computador e entre um computador e outro.

Network security measures are needed to protect data during their transmission.
Medidas de segurança de rede são necessárias para proteger os dados durante sua transmissão.

In fact, the term network security is somewhat misleading, because virtually all business, government, and academic organizations interconnect their data processing equipment with a collection of interconnected networks.
De fato, o termo "segurança de rede" é um tanto enganoso, pois praticamente todas as organizações empresariais, governamentais e acadêmicas interconectam seus equipamentos de processamento de dados a um conjunto de redes interconectadas.

Such a collection is often referred to as an internet, and the term internet security is used.
Esse conjunto é frequentemente chamado de "internet", e o termo "segurança da internet" é usado.
  • William Stallings. Introduction. In: Cryptography and network security: principles and practice. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002, p. 2 (adapted).
  • William Stallings. Introdução. Em: Criptografia e segurança de redes: princípios e prática. 3ª ed. Nova Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2002, p. 2 (adaptado)
97 –  Choose the option that presents the statement that best conveys the central idea of text 8A5BBB.
(A) Network security used to protect information during its transmission
(B) The computer and its networks as main changes in information security
(C) Security of information provided by physical and administrative means
(D) The need for mechanized tools for protecting files and other information
(E) The tools aimed to thwart hackers and detect and recover from viruses
•   Gabarito  B  
Choose the option that presents the statement that best conveys the central idea of text 8A5BBB.
Escolha a opção que apresenta a afirmação que melhor transmite a ideia central do texto 8A5BBB.
(A) Network security used to protect information during its transmission
Segurança de redes utilizada para proteger informações durante sua transmissão
(B) The computer and its networks as main changes in information security
O computador e suas redes como principais mudanças na segurança da informação
(C) Security of information provided by physical and administrative means
Segurança da informação fornecida por meios físicos e administrativos
(D) The need for mechanized tools for protecting files and other information
A necessidade de ferramentas mecanizadas para proteção de arquivos e outras informações
(E) The tools aimed to thwart hackers and detect and recover from viruses
As ferramentas destinadas a frustrar hackers e detectar e se recuperar de vírus

98 –  According to text 8A5BBB, a shared system
(A) is frequently attacked by hackers more than any other system.
(B) is the most accurate system that can be accessed through internet.
(C) is a collection of tools designed to protect data and thwart hackers.
(D) must be overthrown to avoid failures in information security.
(E) requires computerized tools for file and information safety.
•   Gabarito  E  
According to text 8A5BBB, a shared system
De acordo com o texto 8A5BBB, um sistema compartilhado
(A) is frequently attacked by hackers more than any other system.
é frequentemente atacado por hackers, mais do que qualquer outro sistema.
(B) is the most accurate system that can be accessed through internet.
é o sistema mais preciso que pode ser acessado pela internet.
(C) is a collection of tools designed to protect data and thwart hackers.
é um conjunto de ferramentas projetadas para proteger dados e frustrar hackers.
(D) must be overthrown to avoid failures in information security.
deve ser derrubado para evitar falhas na segurança da informação.
(E) requires computerized tools for file and information safety.
requer ferramentas computadorizadas para segurança de arquivos e informações.

99 – In text 8A5BBB, the word “former” (R.6) refers to
(A) personnel screening procedures during the hiring process.
(B) physical methods used to provide security of information.
(C) major changes of information security in an organization.
(D) administrative methods that provide information security.
(E) valuable automated tools for protecting computer files.
•   Gabarito  B  
In text 8A5BBB, the word “former” (R.6) refers to
No texto 8A5BBB, a palavra “former” (R.6) refere-se a
(A) personnel screening procedures during the hiring process.
procedimentos de triagem de pessoal durante o processo de contratação.
(B) physical methods used to provide security of information.
métodos físicos utilizados para garantir a segurança das informações.
(C) major changes of information security in an organization.
grandes mudanças na segurança da informação em uma organização.
(D) administrative methods that provide information security.
métodos administrativos que garantem a segurança da informação.
(E) valuable automated tools for protecting computer files.
ferramentas automatizadas valiosas para proteger arquivos de computador.


100 –  In text 8A5BBB, the word “often” (R.27) can be correctly replaced by
(A) intermittently.
(B) sometimes.
(C) seldom.
(D) hardly ever.
(E) frequently
•   Gabarito  E  
In text 8A5BBB, the word “often” (R.27) can be correctly replaced by
No texto 8A5BBB, a palavra “frequentemente” (R.27) pode ser substituída corretamente por
(A) intermittently.
intermitentemente.
(B) sometimes.
às vezes.
(C) seldom.
raramente.
(D) hardly ever.
quase nunca.
(E) frequently
 frequentemente