segunda-feira, 22 de setembro de 2025

UFRGS – 2025 – Língua Inglesa – Vestibular – Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

 

📝 ESTILO MÚLTIPLA ESCOLHAS
🔹15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)
🔹Five-Option Question.

❑ TEXTO 1As questões 01 a 07 estão relacionadas ao texto abaixo. 

There are as many ways of being blind as there are of being tall, or sick, or hot. But the popular view has always conceived ______ blindness as a totality. 

The blind bards wandering the countrysides of ancient Japan, China, or Europe, the blind housed in asylums in the Middle Ages, all the pupils in all the schools for the blind from the Enlightenment onward, blind beggars and lawyers, war veterans and toddlers - in the eyes of history, as well as those of most of their contemporaries, they all saw nothing. 

Modern dictionaries still subscribe to this sense: blindness is the antonym of vision, and connotes a destitution of sight. What else could it mean? 

Despite the poetic impulse to equate blindness ______ darkness, it's rarely experienced as a black veil draped over the world. Only around 15 percent of blind people have no light perception whatsoever. 

Most see something, even if it isn't very useful, by sighted standards: a blurry view of their periphery, with nothing in the middle, or the inverse - the world seen through a buttonhole. 

For some, scenes come through in a dim haze; for others, light produces a shower of excruciatingly bright needles. 

Even those with no light perception at all have little use for the popular image of blindness as darkness: the brain cut off from visual stimulus can still produce washes of brilliant color and shape. 

One blind man, whose optic nerve - the connection between the eyes and the brain - had been severed, described seeing a continuously swirling (and distracting) "visual tinnitus." 

The Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, decades ______ his blindness, still saw color, which sometimes disturbed him: "I, who was accustomed to sleeping in total darkness," he said, “was bothered for a long time at having to sleep in this world of mist, in the greenish or bluish mist, vaguely luminous, which is the world of the blind. I wanted to lie down in darkness”. 

The arrival or encroachment of blindness gives rise to a similarly dazzling range of experiences, an efflorescence of blind varietals. 

There are those born blind, with no visual memories, whose brains – including the visual cortices – develop using four (or fewer) senses to construct their view of the world. 

Those who become blind in early childhood often retain visual memories that can contribute to an intuitive understanding of visual concepts. 

The late-blinded may have the most cognitive work to do, forced to relearn basic skills like orientation and information – gathering through new senses, long after their brains' developmental plasticity has hardened. 

Some late-blinded adults consciously struggle to preserve their storehouses of mental images, like art conservators touching up old and fading masterpieces. 

People are blinded by their spouses or strangers, by acts of war or sports injuries, by industrial accidents and bad decisions, malnutrition and infection, genetic inheritances and spontaneous mutations. 

It's disingenuous to argue that blindness doesn't have a transformative impact ______ a person's life, but in every case, blindness is only part of the story. 

The life of a blind person is never fully (or even predominantly) defined by their blindness». 
🔗Extraído de: LELAND, A. The Country of the Blind: A memoir at the end of sight. New York: Penguin, 2023. 

01. Assinale a alternativa que preenche adequadamente as lacunas das linhas 03, 16, 35 e 66. 
(A) to – to – in – on 
(B) of – with – into – on 
(C) of – to – into – in 
(D) for – as – into – on 
(E) of – with – in – in 
💡 GABARITO  🄱  
🔎TRECHOS COM LACUNAS NUMERADAS:
📑Linha 03: “the popular view has always conceived ______ blindness as a totality.”
🔹O verbo "conceive" exige a preposição “of” → conceive of something = “conceber algo”.
🔹Lacuna 1 → of
🔹"[...] But the popular view has always conceived of blindness as a totality."(Mas a visão popular sempre concebeu a cegueira como uma totalidade.) 
📑Linha 16: “Despite the poetic impulse to equate blindness ______ darkness…”
🔹Expressão: “equate X with Y” → igualar X a Y.
🔹Lacuna 2 → with
📑Linha 35: “The Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, decades ______ his blindness, still saw color…”
🔹Contexto: indica tempo decorrido “after” algo → decades into his blindness = “décadas após sua cegueira”.
🔹Lacuna 3 → into
📑Linha 66: “It's disingenuous to argue that blindness doesn't have a transformative impact ______ a person's life…”
🔹Expressão: impact on someone/something → impacto sobre algo.
🔹Lacuna 4 → on

02. Assinale a alternativa correta em relação ao texto. 
(A) As pessoas cegas invariavelmente criam estratégias que envolvem a utilização dos outros quatro sentidos na sua construção de mundo, bem como o reaprendizado da orientação espacial e a preservação inconsciente de imagens adquiridas anteriormente à condição de cegueira. 
(B) As vivências das pessoas cegas são muito diversas, devido a fatores como idade e tipo de cegueira; entretanto, a destituição da visão e a não percepção da luz são fatores comuns a todos os tipos de cegueira. 
(C) As pessoas que se tornam cegas na infância não têm repertório de imagens visuais para utilizar ao longo da vida, ao contrário das que se tornam cegas depois de adultas. 
(D) A tentativa de definição e as perspectivas históricas apresentadas no texto não abarcam toda a diversidade de condições de cegueira. 
(E) O texto ressalta que a existência de uma pessoa cega não é definida unicamente em torno de sua cegueira, ainda que ela seja sua característica mais marcante.

03. Considere as seguintes afirmações acerca do segundo parágrafo do texto. 
I - O impulso a equiparar a cegueira à escuridão é exemplificado através da ideia do mundo coberto por um véu negro. 
II - Duas pessoas comparam a cegueira a situações diferentes, quais sejam, o “zumbido visual” e o “mundo de névoa”. 
III - A cegueira pode ser comparável, para algumas pessoas, a enxergar o mundo através de um buraco de botão de camisa, enquanto para outras a luz produz um efeito semelhante a agulhas brilhantes. 

Quais estão corretas?
 
(A) Apenas I. 
(B) Apenas II. 
(C) Apenas III. 
(D) Apenas I e III. 
(E) I, II e III. 

04. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta termos que, conforme empregados no texto, operam como membros de uma mesma classe de palavras. 
(A) blindness (l. 03) – periphery (l. 21) – blind (l. 41) 
(B) rarely (l. 16) – early (l. 49) – predominantly (l. 68) 
(C) sighted (l. 20) – described (l. 32) – saw (l. 35) (D) blurry (l. 20) – bluish (l. 40) – strangers (l. 60) (E) distracting (l. 33) – dazzling (l. 43) – understanding (l. 50) 

05. Associe as palavras da coluna da esquerda às suas respectivas traduções na coluna da direita, de acordo com o sentido que têm no texto. 

(  ) toddlers (l. 09)
(  ) encroachment (l. 42)
(  ) disingenuous (l. 64) 

1. crianças
2. usurpação
3. invasão 
4. genuíno 
5. pacifistas 
6. hipócrita 

A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é
 
(A) 1 – 3 – 6. 
(B) 5 – 2 – 4. 
(C) 1 – 3 – 4. 
(D) 1 – 2 – 6. 
(E) 5 – 3 – 6. 

06. Assinale com V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) as afirmações abaixo, acerca do texto. 
(  ) O pronome those (l. 10) refere-se a war veterans (l. 09). 
(  ) As palavras Most (l. 19), some (l. 23) others (l. 24) those (l. 25) referem-se a blind people. 
(  ) O pronome whose (l. 30) refere-se a nerve (l. 30). 
(  ) O pronome which (l. 35) refere-se a blindness (l. 35). 
A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é 
(A) F – V – F – V. 
(B) V – F – V – F. 
(C) F – V – F – F. 
(D) V – F – F – V. 
(E) F – V – V – F. 

07. Considere as seguintes propostas de alteração de segmentos do texto. 
I - Substituição de they all saw nothing (l. 11) por none off them didn’t see nothing
II - Substituição de have no light perception whatsoever (l. 18-19) por do not have any light perception whatsoever
III - Substituição de doesn’t have a transformative impact (l. 65) por has no transformative impact
Quais resultariam gramaticalmente corretas, se aplicadas ao texto? 
(A) Apenas I. 
(B) Apenas II. 
(C) Apenas III. 
(D) Apenas II e III. 
(E) I, II e III.

❑ TEXTO 2: As questões 08 a 15 estão relacionadas ao texto abaixo. 

The first time I saw an encaustic painting, I was mesmerized by its beautiful surface, translucency, and incredible texture which you could appreciate for hours. 

Encaustics are like no other form of painting, in that there are endless techniques and fleeting seconds before your medium solidifies. 

It is a medium where you have to trust your instincts and paint in the moment. 

You have to take leaps of faith. In the beginning there are many frustrations, but over time you learn how to work with the beautiful accidents which incur. 

Encaustic painting is one of the oldest forms of painting, and stems from the word Enkaustikos, which means “to burn in”. 

It originated in Ancient Greece three thousand years ago when ancient ship builders would use a combination of wax and resin to seal and waterproof their hulls. 

Pigments were then added to the medium and led to the decoration of warships. 

Most likely the most famous encaustic paintings of all time are the Fayum mummy funeral portraits from the late 1st century BCE or the early 2nd century CE onwards. 

As tradition, funeral portraits were placed over a person’s mummy as a memorial. 

Many of these mummies have survived to present day, and the portraits maintain their bright and vivid colors because the pigments remain suspended in the wax medium; thereby retaining their vibrance. 

After the decline of the Roman Empire, encaustic painting fell by the wayside as the country faced instability and economic turmoil. 

At this time, encaustic was largely replaced by tempera, which was easier to work with and more economical. 

Some painting continued as late as the 7th century, but encaustics soon became a lost art. 

Later in the 19th century mural painters in northern climates experimented with encaustics to battle problems of dampness in mural paintings, but success was limited. 

Leonardo da Vinci experimented with using encaustics in his work, but was not successful. 

Other European artists including Vincent van Gogh and Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld used encaustics in their oil paintings to separate layers of paint with translucent layers. 

Wax has many qualities that last the test of time, and encaustic may be the most durable form of painting. 

Beeswax is moisture resistant, it is a natural adhesive, it does not attract insects, and it resists mildew. 

Solvents and oils can darken or yellow over time, but beeswax does not change color at all. 

As with oil paint, you should only paint with encaustics in a well-ventilated studio environment, using either an industrial ventilating system, or a fan near your work surface to blow air away _____ you in combination with open windows. 

A safe working range for encaustic is _____ 150–175ºF. 

Beeswax has a flash point of _____ 470ºF, but at no point should you allow the wax to get close to this temperature. 

If your wax begins to smoke at any point, turn _____ the heat. Keep a fire extinguisher handy in your studio because water does not extinguish wax which is inflamed. 

If you use tools such as a griddle with encaustic painting, do not later use them for food preparation. Rather, dedicate them solely to work with encaustic. 
🔗Adapted from: MARGELL, J. Encaustic Art. 7. ed. APA (American Psychological Assoc.) Parkstone International, 2013. 

08. Choose the option which fills in the blanks on lines 60, 62, 63 and 66, respectively. 
(A) from – among – around – less 
(B) from – around – between – up 
(C) of – between – around – down 
(D) of – between – about – up 
(E) from – between – around – down 

09. Read the following assertions about encaustic painting. 
I - Encaustic painting does not blend with other painting techniques. 
II - Encaustics are considered cost-effective and easy to handle in the studio. 
III - Encaustic painting requires strict safety measures. 
Which assertions are correct? 
(A) Only I. 
(B) Only III. 
(C) Only I and II. 
(D) Only II and III. 
(E) I, II and III.

10. Each painting technique has its pros and cons. Read the list of pros below. 
I - Encaustic painting allows the artist to have full control and achieve pre-planned results. 
II - Pigmented wax forms the primary medium of encaustics, to which other bindings can also be added. 
III - Encaustics are fungus free. 
Which pros are mentioned in the text as representative of encaustic painting? 
(A) Only I. 
(B) Only II. 
(C) Only III. 
(D) Only II and III. 
(E) I, II and III. 

11. Which word could replace mesmerized (l. 02) without compromising the implied feeling or idea that such word carries in addition to its literal meaning in the given context? 
(A) unsettled. 
(B) challenged. 
(C) shocked. 
(D) confused. 
(E) dazzled. 

12. Mark the statements about the use of the word which with T (true) or F (false) according to the text. 
(  ) The word which (l. 03) could well be omitted with no significant change in meaning. 
(  ) Replacing which (l. 15) with that would, with no further changes, result in a grammatically accurate sentence. 
(  ) The removal of the word which from line 35 would require no further change to the sentence. 
How should the sequence read from top to bottom? 
(A) F – T – T. 
(B) F – F – F. 
(C) T – F – F. 
(D) T – F – T. 
(E) F – T – F. 

13. Choose a replacement for the sentence Encaustics are like no other form of painting (l. 04-05) in which its core meaning would be preserved. 
(A) Encaustics are a form of painting. 
(B) Encaustic painting is a unique form of painting. 
(C) Encaustics are a form of painting everybody likes. 
(D) Encaustics are similar to any other form of painting. 
(E) Encaustic painting is an undistinctive form of painting. 

14. Consider the following proposals of replacement for the expression fell by the wayside (l. 32) to be substituted. 
I - became unhabitual. 
II - fell into disuse. 
III - was prohibited. 
In the given context, which would retain the meaning of the original expression? 
(A) Only I. 
(B) Only III. 
(C) Only I and II. 
(D) Only II and III. 
(E) I, II and III. 

15. Choose the option in which the word rather has the same meaning and grammatical class as in the fragment Rather, dedicate them solely to work with encaustic (l. 71-72). 
(A) Artists would rather share their paintings only after proper framing had been done. 
(B) That’s a rather controversial matter. 
(C) Rather obnoxious assertions have been made about his attempts to be taken to the program. 
(D) This type of failure is not due to lack of resources, but rather to lack of true commitment. 
(E) Artists prefer to pursue creativity rather than fame.