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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• 
PUC-RIO-2015/2-PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-28/06/2015.
PUC-RIO-2015/2-PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO-28/06/2015.www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
- 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto – | Teens' compulsive texting can cause neck injury, experts warn | www.chicagotribune.com |
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ PROVA:
Teens' compulsive texting can cause neck injury, experts warn
1Dean Fishman, a chiropractor in Florida, was examining an X-ray of a 17-year-old patient's neck in 2009 when he noticed something unusual. The ghostly image of her vertebral column showed a reversal of the curvature that normally appears in the cervical spine — a degenerative state he'd most often seen in middle-aged people who had spent several decades of their life in poor posture.
2
"That's when I looked over at the patient," Fishman says. She was slumped in her chair, head tilted downward, madly typing away on her cellphone. When he mentioned to the patient's mother that the girl's posture could be causing her headaches, he got what he describes as an "emotional response." It seemed the teen spent much of her life in that position. Right then, Fishman says, "I knew I was on to something."
3
He theorized that prolonged periods of tilting her head downward to peer into her mobile device had created excessive strain on the cervical spine, causing a repetitive stress injury that ultimately led to spinal degeneration. He began looking through all the recent X-rays he had of young people — many of whom had come in for neck pain or headaches — and he saw the same thing: signs of premature degeneration.
4
Fishman coined the term "text neck" to describe the condition and founded the Text Neck Institute (text-neck.com), a place where people can go for information, prevention and treatment.
5
"The head in neutral has a normal weight" of 10 to 12 pounds, says Fishman, explaining that neutral position is ears over shoulders with shoulder blades pulled back. "If you start to tilt your head forward, with gravity and the distance from neutral, the weight starts to increase."
6
"When your head tilts forward, you're loading the front of the disks," says Dr. Kenneth Hansraj, study author and chief of spine surgery at New York Spine Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine. Though the study didn't look at long-term effects of this position, Hansraj says that, after seeing approximately 30,000 spinal surgery patients, he's witnessed "the way the neck falls apart."
7
In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations. "The head and shoulder blades act like a seesaw. When the head goes forward, the shoulder blades will flare out … and the muscles start to change over time."
8
Much like tennis elbow doesn't occur only in people who play tennis, text neck isn't exclusive to people who compulsively send text messages. Hansraj says people in high-risk careers include dentists, architects and welders, whose heavy helmets make them especially vulnerable. He adds that many daily activities involve tilting the head down, but they differ from mobile-device use in intensity and propensity.
9
"Washing dishes is something nobody enjoys, so you do it quickly. And while your head is forward, it's probably tilted at 30 or 40 degrees," he says. People tend to change position periodically while reading a book, and they glance up frequently while holding an infant. But mobile devices are typically held with the neck flexed forward at 60 degrees or greater, and many users, particularly teens, use them compulsively. The study reports that people spend an average of two to four hours a day with their heads tilted at a sharp angle over their smartphones, amounting to 700 to 1,400 hours a year.
10
To remedy the problem, Hansraj has a simple message: "Keep your head up." While texting or scrolling, people should raise their mobile devices closer to their line of sight. The Text Neck Institute has developed the Text Neck Indicator, an interactive app that alerts users when their smartphones are held at an angle that puts them at risk for text neck.
11
Fishman also recommends that people take frequent breaks while using their mobile devices, as well as do exercises that strengthen muscles behind the neck and between the shoulder blades in order to increase endurance for holding the device properly.
12
He adds, "I'm an avid technology user — and I use it in the proper posture."
http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/la-he-text-neck-20150404-story.html#page=1
❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:
Teens' compulsive texting can cause neck injury, experts warn
Mensagens de texto compulsivas de adolescentes podem causar lesões no pescoço, alertam especialistas
[1º PARÁGRAFO]Dean Fishman, a chiropractor in Florida, was examining an X-ray of a 17-year-old patient's neck in 2009 when he noticed something unusual. The ghostly image of her vertebral column showed a reversal of the curvature that normally appears in the cervical spine — a degenerative state he'd most often seen in middle-aged people who had spent several decades of their life in poor posture.
Dean Fishman, um quiroprático da Flórida, estava examinando um raio-X do pescoço de uma paciente de 17 anos em 2009 quando notou algo incomum. A imagem fantasmagórica de sua coluna vertebral mostrou uma reversão da curvatura que normalmente aparece na coluna cervical — um estado degenerativo que ele via com mais frequência em pessoas de meia-idade que passaram várias décadas de suas vidas em má postura.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
"That's when I looked over at the patient," Fishman says. She was slumped in her chair, head tilted downward, madly typing away on her cellphone. When he mentioned to the patient's mother that the girl's posture could be causing her headaches, he got what he describes as an "emotional response." It seemed the teen spent much of her life in that position. Right then, Fishman says, "I knew I was on to something."
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
"That's when I looked over at the patient," Fishman says. She was slumped in her chair, head tilted downward, madly typing away on her cellphone. When he mentioned to the patient's mother that the girl's posture could be causing her headaches, he got what he describes as an "emotional response." It seemed the teen spent much of her life in that position. Right then, Fishman says, "I knew I was on to something."
"Foi quando olhei para a paciente", diz Fishman. Ela estava caída na cadeira, a cabeça inclinada para baixo, digitando loucamente em seu celular. Quando ele mencionou à mãe da paciente que a postura da menina poderia estar causando suas dores de cabeça, ele obteve o que descreve como uma "resposta emocional". Parecia que a adolescente passou grande parte de sua vida naquela posição. Naquele momento, Fishman diz: "Eu sabia que estava no caminho certo".
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
He theorized that prolonged periods of tilting her head downward to peer into her mobile device had created excessive strain on the cervical spine, causing a repetitive stress injury that ultimately led to spinal degeneration. He began looking through all the recent X-rays he had of young people — many of whom had come in for neck pain or headaches — and he saw the same thing: signs of premature degeneration.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
He theorized that prolonged periods of tilting her head downward to peer into her mobile device had created excessive strain on the cervical spine, causing a repetitive stress injury that ultimately led to spinal degeneration. He began looking through all the recent X-rays he had of young people — many of whom had come in for neck pain or headaches — and he saw the same thing: signs of premature degeneration.
Ele teorizou que períodos prolongados de inclinação da cabeça para baixo para olhar para o dispositivo móvel criaram uma tensão excessiva na coluna cervical, causando uma lesão por esforço repetitivo que, por fim, levou à degeneração da coluna. Ele começou a olhar todos os raios X recentes que tinha de jovens — muitos dos quais tinham chegado por dor no pescoço ou dores de cabeça — e viu a mesma coisa: sinais de degeneração prematura.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
Fishman coined the term "text neck" to describe the condition and founded the Text Neck Institute (text-neck.com), a place where people can go for information, prevention and treatment.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
Fishman coined the term "text neck" to describe the condition and founded the Text Neck Institute (text-neck.com), a place where people can go for information, prevention and treatment.
Fishman cunhou o termo "text neck" para descrever a condição e fundou o Text Neck Institute (text-neck.com), um lugar onde as pessoas podem obter informações, prevenção e tratamento.
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
"The head in neutral has a normal weight" of 10 to 12 pounds, says Fishman, explaining that neutral position is ears over shoulders with shoulder blades pulled back. "If you start to tilt your head forward, with gravity and the distance from neutral, the weight starts to increase."
[5º PARÁGRAFO]
"The head in neutral has a normal weight" of 10 to 12 pounds, says Fishman, explaining that neutral position is ears over shoulders with shoulder blades pulled back. "If you start to tilt your head forward, with gravity and the distance from neutral, the weight starts to increase."
"A cabeça em neutro tem um peso normal" de 10 a 12 libras, diz Fishman, explicando que a posição neutra é orelhas sobre os ombros com as escápulas puxadas para trás. "Se você começar a inclinar sua cabeça para frente, com a gravidade e a distância do neutro, o peso começa a aumentar."
[6º PARÁGRAFO]
"When your head tilts forward, you're loading the front of the disks," says Dr. Kenneth Hansraj, study author and chief of spine surgery at New York Spine Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine. Though the study didn't look at long-term effects of this position, Hansraj says that, after seeing approximately 30,000 spinal surgery patients, he's witnessed "the way the neck falls apart."
[6º PARÁGRAFO]
"When your head tilts forward, you're loading the front of the disks," says Dr. Kenneth Hansraj, study author and chief of spine surgery at New York Spine Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine. Though the study didn't look at long-term effects of this position, Hansraj says that, after seeing approximately 30,000 spinal surgery patients, he's witnessed "the way the neck falls apart."
"Quando sua cabeça se inclina para frente, você está carregando a frente dos discos", diz o Dr. Kenneth Hansraj, autor do estudo e chefe de cirurgia de coluna na New York Spine Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine. Embora o estudo não tenha analisado os efeitos de longo prazo dessa posição, Hansraj diz que, depois de ver aproximadamente 30.000 pacientes de cirurgia de coluna, ele testemunhou "a maneira como o pescoço se desfaz."
[7º PARÁGRAFO]
In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations. "The head and shoulder blades act like a seesaw. When the head goes forward, the shoulder blades will flare out … and the muscles start to change over time."
[7º PARÁGRAFO]
In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations. "The head and shoulder blades act like a seesaw. When the head goes forward, the shoulder blades will flare out … and the muscles start to change over time."
Além disso, Fishman diz que a postura do pescoço de texto pode levar a nervos comprimidos, artrite, esporões ósseos e deformações musculares. "A cabeça e as escápulas agem como uma gangorra. Quando a cabeça vai para a frente, as escápulas se alargam... e os músculos começam a mudar com o tempo."
[8º PARÁGRAFO]
Much like tennis elbow doesn't occur only in people who play tennis, text neck isn't exclusive to people who compulsively send text messages. Hansraj says people in high-risk careers include dentists, architects and welders, whose heavy helmets make them especially vulnerable. He adds that many daily activities involve tilting the head down, but they differ from mobile-device use in intensity and propensity.
[8º PARÁGRAFO]
Much like tennis elbow doesn't occur only in people who play tennis, text neck isn't exclusive to people who compulsively send text messages. Hansraj says people in high-risk careers include dentists, architects and welders, whose heavy helmets make them especially vulnerable. He adds that many daily activities involve tilting the head down, but they differ from mobile-device use in intensity and propensity.
Assim como o cotovelo de tenista não ocorre apenas em pessoas que jogam tênis, o text neck não é exclusivo de pessoas que enviam mensagens de texto compulsivamente. Hansraj diz que pessoas em carreiras de alto risco incluem dentistas, arquitetos e soldadores, cujos capacetes pesados os tornam especialmente vulneráveis. Ele acrescenta que muitas atividades diárias envolvem inclinar a cabeça para baixo, mas elas diferem do uso de dispositivos móveis em intensidade e propensão.
[9º PARÁGRAFO]
"Washing dishes is something nobody enjoys, so you do it quickly. And while your head is forward, it's probably tilted at 30 or 40 degrees," he says. People tend to change position periodically while reading a book, and they glance up frequently while holding an infant. But mobile devices are typically held with the neck flexed forward at 60 degrees or greater, and many users, particularly teens, use them compulsively. The study reports that people spend an average of two to four hours a day with their heads tilted at a sharp angle over their smartphones, amounting to 700 to 1,400 hours a year.
[9º PARÁGRAFO]
"Washing dishes is something nobody enjoys, so you do it quickly. And while your head is forward, it's probably tilted at 30 or 40 degrees," he says. People tend to change position periodically while reading a book, and they glance up frequently while holding an infant. But mobile devices are typically held with the neck flexed forward at 60 degrees or greater, and many users, particularly teens, use them compulsively. The study reports that people spend an average of two to four hours a day with their heads tilted at a sharp angle over their smartphones, amounting to 700 to 1,400 hours a year.
"Lavar louça é algo que ninguém gosta, então você faz isso rapidamente. E enquanto sua cabeça está para frente, ela provavelmente está inclinada em 30 ou 40 graus", ele diz. As pessoas tendem a mudar de posição periodicamente enquanto leem um livro, e olham para cima frequentemente enquanto seguram uma criança. Mas os dispositivos móveis são normalmente segurados com o pescoço flexionado para frente em 60 graus ou mais, e muitos usuários, particularmente adolescentes, os usam compulsivamente. O estudo relata que as pessoas passam uma média de duas a quatro horas por dia com suas cabeças inclinadas em um ângulo agudo sobre seus smartphones, totalizando 700 a 1.400 horas por ano.
[10º PARÁGRAFO]
To remedy the problem, Hansraj has a simple message: "Keep your head up." While texting or scrolling, people should raise their mobile devices closer to their line of sight. The Text Neck Institute has developed the Text Neck Indicator, an interactive app that alerts users when their smartphones are held at an angle that puts them at risk for text neck.
[10º PARÁGRAFO]
To remedy the problem, Hansraj has a simple message: "Keep your head up." While texting or scrolling, people should raise their mobile devices closer to their line of sight. The Text Neck Institute has developed the Text Neck Indicator, an interactive app that alerts users when their smartphones are held at an angle that puts them at risk for text neck.
Para remediar o problema, Hansraj tem uma mensagem simples: "Mantenha a cabeça erguida". Ao enviar mensagens de texto ou rolar a tela, as pessoas devem levantar seus dispositivos móveis para mais perto de sua linha de visão. O Text Neck Institute desenvolveu o Text Neck Indicator, um aplicativo interativo que alerta os usuários quando seus smartphones são segurados em um ângulo que os coloca em risco de text neck.
[11º PARÁGRAFO]
Fishman also recommends that people take frequent breaks while using their mobile devices, as well as do exercises that strengthen muscles behind the neck and between the shoulder blades in order to increase endurance for holding the device properly.
[11º PARÁGRAFO]
Fishman also recommends that people take frequent breaks while using their mobile devices, as well as do exercises that strengthen muscles behind the neck and between the shoulder blades in order to increase endurance for holding the device properly.
Fishman também recomenda que as pessoas façam pausas frequentes ao usar seus dispositivos móveis, bem como exercícios que fortaleçam os músculos atrás do pescoço e entre as escápulas, a fim de aumentar a resistência para segurar o dispositivo corretamente.
[12º PARÁGRAFO]
He adds, "I'm an avid technology user — and I use it in the proper posture."
[12º PARÁGRAFO]
He adds, "I'm an avid technology user — and I use it in the proper posture."
Ele acrescenta: "Sou um usuário ávido de tecnologia — e a utilizo na postura correta".
http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/health/la-he-text-neck-20150404-story.html#page=1
01 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) The main purpose of the text is to:
(A) inform parents about the devastating consequences of spinal degeneration.
(B) justify why teenagers should not be allowed to text messages on cellphones.
(C) alert society about the serious implications of having poor posture when using mobile devices.
(D) recommend an interactive app that informs users about the correct angle to hold a cellphone while texting.
(E) blame the compulsive use of technology for the muscular deformations that affect professionals in high-risk careers.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The main purpose of the text is to:
O propósito (OBJETIVO) central do texto é:
(A) inform parents about the devastating consequences of spinal degeneration.
(A) inform parents about the devastating consequences of spinal degeneration.
>> informar os pais sobre as conseqüências devastadoras da degeneração da coluna vertebral.
(B) justify why teenagers should not be allowed to text messages on cellphones.
(B) justify why teenagers should not be allowed to text messages on cellphones.
>> justificar por que os adolescentes não devem ter permissão para enviar mensagens de texto em celulares.
(C) alert society about the serious implications of having poor posture when using mobile devices.
(C) alert society about the serious implications of having poor posture when using mobile devices.
>> alertar a sociedade sobre as sérias implicações de se ter uma má postura ao usar dispositivos móveis.
- TÍTULO DO TEXTO:
- "Teens' compulsive texting can cause neck injury, experts warn"
- Mensagens de texto compulsivas de adolescentes podem causar lesões no pescoço, alertam especialistas.
- [7º PARÁGRAFO]:
- In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations. "The head and shoulder blades act like a seesaw. When the head goes forward, the shoulder blades will flare out … and the muscles start to change over time."
- Além disso, Fishman diz que a postura do pescoço de texto pode levar a nervos comprimidos, artrite, esporões ósseos e deformações muscula
- res. "A cabeça e as escápulas agem como uma gangorra. Quando a cabeça vai para a frente, as escápulas se alargam... e os músculos começam a mudar com o tempo."
>> recomendar um aplicativo interativo que informa aos usuários sobre o ângulo correto para segurar um telefone celular enquanto envia mensagens de texto.
(E) blame the compulsive use of technology for the muscular deformations that affect professionals in high-risk careers.
(E) blame the compulsive use of technology for the muscular deformations that affect professionals in high-risk careers.
>> culpar o uso compulsivo da tecnologia pelas deformações musculares que afetam os profissionais de carreiras de alto risco.
02 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) The fragment
- "I knew I was on to something" (lines 8-9)
(A) found an explanation for the girl’s addiction to technology.
(B) knew something related to the concept of “emotional response”.
(C) knew that there was something wrong about the girl’s headache.
(D) had information that was likely to lead to an important discovery.
(E) had the impression that he had missed some relevant information.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - EXPRESSÃO IDIOMÁTICA "TO BE ON TO SOMETHING" :
The fragment
- "I knew I was on to something" (lines 8-9)
- "Eu sabia que estava no caminho certo"
(A) found an explanation for the girl’s addiction to technology.
>> encontrou uma explicação para o vício da garota em tecnologia.
(B) knew something related to the concept of “emotional response”.
(B) knew something related to the concept of “emotional response”.
>> sabia de algo relacionado ao conceito de "resposta emocional".
(C) knew that there was something wrong about the girl’s headache.
(C) knew that there was something wrong about the girl’s headache.
>> sabia que havia algo errado com a dor de cabeça da garota.
(D) had information that was likely to lead to an important discovery.
(D) had information that was likely to lead to an important discovery.
>> tinha informações que provavelmente levariam a uma descoberta importante.
>> "BE ON TO SOMETHING" (idiom) – Discover something important or profitable. – "Descobrir algo importante ou lucrativo", "Estar atrás de algo importante". (https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com)
- The researchers claim they are really on to something big.
- Os pesquisadores afirmam que estão realmente atrás de algo grande.
>> teve a impressão de que havia perdido alguma informação relevante.
03 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) In the fragment
- “He began looking through all the recent X-rays he had of young people” (line 12),
(A) piling up.
(B) unveiling.
(C) examining.
(D) eliminating.
(E) overlooking.
(B) unveiling.
(C) examining.
(D) eliminating.
(E) overlooking.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - PHRASAL VERB "TO LOOK THROUGH" (= to examine or read something quickly) :
In the fragment to examine or read something quickly
- “He began looking through all the recent X-rays he had of young people”
- “Ele começou examinar todos os raios X recentes que tinha de jovens”
(A) piling up.
empilhar.
(B) unveiling.
(B) unveiling.
revelar.
(C) examining.
(C) examining.
examinar.
- "TO LOOK THROUGH SOMETHING" - to examine or read something quickly (www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com)
- She looked through her notes before the exam.
- Ela EXAMINOU suas anotações antes do exame.
eliminar.
(E) overlooking.
(E) overlooking.
negligenciar, não perceber.
04 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) Based on the fragment
- “Though the study didn't look at long-term effects of this position, Hansraj says that, after seeing approximately 30,000 spinal surgery patients, he's witnessed ‘the way the neck falls apart’” (lines 21-23),
one can infer that the study has:
(A) only concentrated on the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
(B) considered the short-term effects of “text-neck” irrelevant.
(C) dealt with the long-term effects of “text-neck” in the future.
(D) already taken into account the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
(E) taken into consideration only the short-term effects of “text-neck”.
(B) considered the short-term effects of “text-neck” irrelevant.
(C) dealt with the long-term effects of “text-neck” in the future.
(D) already taken into account the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
(E) taken into consideration only the short-term effects of “text-neck”.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
Based on the fragment
- “Though the study didn't look at long-term effects of this position, Hansraj says that, after seeing approximately 30,000 spinal surgery patients, he's witnessed ‘the way the neck falls apart’” (lines 21-23),
- “Embora o estudo não tenha analisado os efeitos de longo prazo dessa posição, Hansraj diz que, após ver aproximadamente 30.000 pacientes de cirurgia de coluna, ele testemunhou ‘a maneira como o pescoço se desfaz’”
one can infer that the study has:
pode-se inferir que o estudo:
(A) only concentrated on the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
concentrou-se apenas em efeitos de longo prazo no uso excessivo de mensagens de texto por celulares.
(B) considered the short-term effects of “text-neck” irrelevant.
(B) considered the short-term effects of “text-neck” irrelevant.
considerou os efeitos de curto prazo do “text-neck” irrelevantes.
(C) dealt with the long-term effects of “text-neck” in the future.
(C) dealt with the long-term effects of “text-neck” in the future.
projetou os efeitos de longo prazo do “text-neck” no futuro.
(D) already taken into account the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
(D) already taken into account the long-term effects of “text-neck”.
já levou em consideração os efeitos de longo prazo do “text-neck”.
(E) taken into consideration only the short-term effects of “text-neck”.
(E) taken into consideration only the short-term effects of “text-neck”.
levou em consideração apenas os efeitos de curto prazo do “text-neck”.
- “In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations” (lines 24-25)
implies the idea that pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations are:
(A) disorders exclusively caused by text-neck posture.
(B) the only problems that text-neck posture can cause.
(C) afflictions that have no connection to text-neck posture.
(D) some of the health problems that text-neck posture can lead to.
(E) spinal disorders that have been affecting the majority of teenagers.
(C) afflictions that have no connection to text-neck posture.
(D) some of the health problems that text-neck posture can lead to.
(E) spinal disorders that have been affecting the majority of teenagers.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
The fragment
- “In addition, Fishman says, text-neck posture can lead to pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations” (lines 24-25)
- “Além disso, Fishman diz que a postura do pescoço de texto pode levar a nervos comprimidos, artrite, esporões ósseos e deformações musculares”.
implies the idea that pinched nerves, arthritis, bone spurs and muscular deformations are:
implica a ideia de que nervos comprimidos, artrite, esporões ósseos e deformações musculares são:
(A) disorders exclusively caused by text-neck posture.
distúrbios causados exclusivamente pela postura do pescoço de texto.
(B) the only problems that text-neck posture can cause.
os únicos problemas que a postura do pescoço de texto pode causar.
(C) afflictions that have no connection to text-neck posture.
(C) afflictions that have no connection to text-neck posture.
aflições que não têm conexão com a postura do pescoço de texto.
(D) some of the health problems that text-neck posture can lead to.
(D) some of the health problems that text-neck posture can lead to.
alguns dos problemas de saúde que a postura do pescoço de texto pode levar.
(E) spinal disorders that have been affecting the majority of teenagers.
(E) spinal disorders that have been affecting the majority of teenagers.
distúrbios da coluna que afetam a maioria dos adolescentes.
06 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) The pronoun ‘they’ in
- “…but they differ from mobile-device use in intensity and propensity.” (lines 30-31)
refers to:
(A) text messages (line 28).
(B) high-risk careers (line 28).
(C) heavy helmets (line 29).
(D) dentists, architects and welders (lines 28-29).
(E) many daily activities (lines 29-30).
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - PRONOME REFERENCIADOR & ELEMENTO REFERENCIADO :
- [29-30]
- He adds that many daily activities involve tilting the head down, but they differ from mobile-device use in intensity and propensity.
- Ele acrescenta que muitas atividades diárias envolvem inclinar a cabeça para baixo, mas elas diferem do uso de dispositivos móveis em intensidade e propensão.
- "THEY" → "many daily activities".
07 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) According to paragraph 9 (lines 32-37), the greatest challenge in treating disorders related to “text-neck” is the:
(A) compulsive use of smartphones with the neck flexed at great angles.
(B) fact that people change position too frequently while reading.
(C) angle people put their heads while reading books.
(D) poor posture people take while holding an infant.
(E) position people take while washing the dishes.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
- [PARÁGRAFO]:
- "Washing dishes is something nobody enjoys, so you do it quickly. And while your head is forward, it's probably tilted at 30 or 40 degrees," he says. People tend to change position periodically while reading a book, and they glance up frequently while holding an infant. But mobile devices are typically held with the neck flexed forward at 60 degrees or greater, and many users, particularly teens, use them compulsively. The study reports that people spend an average of two to four hours a day with their heads tilted at a sharp angle over their smartphones, amounting to 700 to 1,400 hours a year.
- "Lavar louça é algo que ninguém gosta, então você faz isso rapidamente. E enquanto sua cabeça está para frente, ela provavelmente está inclinada em 30 ou 40 graus", ele diz. As pessoas tendem a mudar de posição periodicamente enquanto leem um livro, e olham para cima frequentemente enquanto seguram uma criança. Mas os dispositivos móveis são normalmente segurados com o pescoço flexionado para frente em 60 graus ou mais, e muitos usuários, particularmente adolescentes, os usam compulsivamente. O estudo relata que as pessoas passam uma média de duas a quatro horas por dia com suas cabeças inclinadas em um ângulo agudo sobre seus smartphones, totalizando 700 a 1.400 horas por ano.
According to paragraph 9 (lines 32-37), the greatest challenge in treating disorders related to “text-neck” is the:
De acordo com o parágrafo 9 (linhas 32-37), o maior desafio no tratamento de distúrbios relacionados ao “text-neck” é:
(A) compulsive use of smartphones with the neck flexed at great angles.
(A) compulsive use of smartphones with the neck flexed at great angles.
uso compulsivo de smartphones com o pescoço flexionado em grandes ângulos.
(B) fact that people change position too frequently while reading.
(B) fact that people change position too frequently while reading.
fato de que as pessoas mudam de posição com muita frequência enquanto leem.
(C) angle people put their heads while reading books.
(C) angle people put their heads while reading books.
ângulo em que as pessoas colocam a cabeça enquanto leem livros.
(D) poor posture people take while holding an infant.
(D) poor posture people take while holding an infant.
má postura que as pessoas assumem ao segurar um bebê.
(E) position people take while washing the dishes.
(E) position people take while washing the dishes.
posição que as pessoas assumem ao lavar a louça.
08 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) According to paragraph 10 (lines 38-41), the major function of the app Text Neck Indicator is to:
(A) make people less addicted to using smartphones.
(B) control the time people spend using their smartphones.
(C) force people to take breaks while using their smartphones.
(D) alert people to dangerous angles while using smartphones.
(E) avoid people tilting their heads while using their smartphones.
(B) control the time people spend using their smartphones.
(C) force people to take breaks while using their smartphones.
(D) alert people to dangerous angles while using smartphones.
(E) avoid people tilting their heads while using their smartphones.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
- [PARÁGRAFO]:
- To remedy the problem, Hansraj has a simple message: "Keep your head up." While texting or scrolling, people should raise their mobile devices closer to their line of sight. The Text Neck Institute has developed the Text Neck Indicator, an interactive app that alerts users when their smartphones are held at an angle that puts them at risk for text neck.
- Para remediar o problema, Hansraj tem uma mensagem simples: "Mantenha a cabeça erguida". Ao enviar mensagens de texto ou rolar a tela, as pessoas devem levantar seus dispositivos móveis para mais perto de sua linha de visão. O Text Neck Institute desenvolveu
- 40 o Text Neck Indicator, um aplicativo interativo que alerta os usuários quando seus smartphones são segurados em um ângulo que os coloca em risco de text neck.
According to paragraph 10 (lines 38-41), the major function of the app Text Neck Indicator is to:
De acordo com o parágrafo 10 (linhas 38-41), a principal função do aplicativo Text Neck Indicator é:
(A) make people less addicted to using smartphones.
tornar as pessoas menos viciadas em usar smartphones.
(B) control the time people spend using their smartphones.
(B) control the time people spend using their smartphones.
controlar o tempo que as pessoas gastam usando seus smartphones.
(C) force people to take breaks while using their smartphones.
(C) force people to take breaks while using their smartphones.
forçar as pessoas a fazer pausas enquanto usam seus smartphones.
(D) alert people to dangerous angles while using smartphones.
(D) alert people to dangerous angles while using smartphones.
alertar as pessoas sobre ângulos perigosos ao usar smartphones.
(E) avoid people tilting their heads while using their smartphones.
(E) avoid people tilting their heads while using their smartphones.
evitar que as pessoas inclinem a cabeça enquanto usam seus smartphones.
09 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) The expression “in order to” in the fragment
- “…in order to increase endurance for holding the device properly.” (lines 43-44)
introduces an idea of:
(A) contrast.
(B) addition.
(C) purpose.
(D) concession.
(E) exemplification.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - PURPOSE SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION "IN ORDER TO" :
The expression “in order to” in the fragment
A expressão “a fim de” no fragmento
- “…in order to increase endurance for holding the device properly.” (lines 43-44)
- “…a fim de aumentar a resistência para segurar o dispositivo corretamente.”
introduces an idea of:
introduz uma ideia de:
(A) contrast.
(A) contrast.
contraste.
(B) addition.
(B) addition.
adição.
(C) purpose.
propósito.
(D) concession.
(D) concession.
concessão.
(E) exemplification.
(E) exemplification.
exemplificação.
>> FROM: https://englishan.com
10 – (PUC/Rio-2015/2-VESTIBULAR DE INVERNO) In the fragment
- "I'm an avid technology user” (line 45),
“avid” could be replaced, without change in meaning, by:
(A) incompetent.
(B) enthusiastic.
(C) Indifferent.
(D) unskilled.
(E) ignorant.
(B) enthusiastic.
(C) Indifferent.
(D) unskilled.
(E) ignorant.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - ADJECTIVE "AVID" (= extremely eager or interested) :
In the fragment
- "I'm an avid technology user” (line 45),
- "Sou um ávido usuário de tecnologia".
“avid” could be replaced, without change in meaning, by:
"ávido" poderia ser substituído, sem alteração de significado, por:
"ávido" poderia ser substituído, sem alteração de significado, por:
(A) incompetent.
incompetente.
(B) enthusiastic.
(B) enthusiastic.
entusiasmado.
(C) Indifferent.
(C) Indifferent.
indiferente.
(D) unskilled.
(D) unskilled.
não qualificado.
(E) ignorant.
(E) ignorant.
ignorante.
