FCC – 2014 – ALEPE – ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: FCC-2014-ALEPE-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO.

www.concursosfcc.com.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ Text  – House Approves Higher Debt Limit Without Condition – http://www.nytimes.com.

➭ 5 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXT:

➭ QUESTÕES COMENTADAS:

01 – (FCC-2014-ALEPE-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

Segundo o texto,

(A) embora a Câmara dos Representantes americana seja majoritariamente republicana, aprovou, com maioria dos democratas, elevar o teto da dívida até 2015.

(B) os republicanos aprovaram a elevação do teto da dívida, mas impuseram determinados cortes de gastos públicos.

(C) os republicanos vinham emperrando a aprovação do aumento do teto da dívida desde 2009.

(D) Boehner teve o apoio da maioria dos republicanos, apesar das divergências internas do partido.

(E) apesar de pressionado pelos republicanos, o Presidente Obama negou-se a fazer quaisquer concessões de linha mais conservadora.

__Gabarito:  (A)__

(A) embora a Câmara dos Representantes americana seja majoritariamente republicana, aprovou, com maioria dos democratas, elevar o teto da dívida até 2015.

➭ CORRETA conforme os trechos:

➭ 1º PARÁGRAFO:

"[...] the House on Tuesday voted to raise the government’s borrowing limit until March 2015, without any conditions."

(a Câmara votou, na terça-feira, a favor do aumento do limite de endividamento público até Março de 2015, sem quaisquer condições.)

➭ 2º PARÁGRAFO:

"[...] The vote - 221 to 201 - relied almost entirely on Democrats in the Republican-controlled House..."

(A votação - 221 contra 201 - contou quase exclusivamente com os democratas da Câmara dos Representantes, controlada pelos republicanos...)

(B) os republicanos aprovaram a elevação do teto da dívida, mas impuseram determinados cortes de gastos públicos.

➭ INCORRETA - A Câmara votou a favor do aumento do limite de endividamento público até Março de 2015, sem quaisquer condições.

(C) os republicanos vinham emperrando a aprovação do aumento do teto da dívida desde 2009.

➭ INCORRETA - Afirmativa (C) extrapola o texto,

(D) Boehner teve o apoio da maioria dos republicanos, apesar das divergências internas do partido.

➭ INCORRETA - Afirmativa (D) extrapola o texto,

(E) apesar de pressionado pelos republicanos, o Presidente Obama negou-se a fazer quaisquer concessões de linha mais conservadora.

➭ INCORRETA - Afirmativa (E) extrapola o texto,

02 – (FCC-2014-ALEPE-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

De acordo com o texto,

(A) apesar de ter feito campanha para reconduzir Boehner à presidência da Câmara, Tim Huelskamp se opôs à proposta de lei de prorrogação do teto de dívida do país até março de 2015.

(B) Jenny Beth Martin acredita que Boehner terá de dirigir o Partido republicano sozinho, uma vez que perdeu o apoio da maioria.

(C) alguns senadores republicanos apoiaram a prorrogação, argumentando que era importante para a saúde financeira do governo pagar dívidas já contraídas.

(D) o senador Harry Reid comentou que o presidente da Câmara pretende aprovar a lei o mais breve possível.

(E) o fato de a proposta de lei ter sido aprovada sem nenhuma concessão orçamentária representa uma retirada estratégica dos democratas que inicialmente haviam negado seu apoio.

__Gabarito:  (C)__

De acordo com o texto,

(A) apesar de ter feito campanha para reconduzir Boehner à presidência da Câmara, Tim Huelskamp se opôs à proposta de lei de prorrogação do teto de dívida do país até março de 2015.

(B) Jenny Beth Martin acredita que Boehner terá de dirigir o Partido republicano sozinho, uma vez que perdeu o apoio da maioria.

(C) alguns senadores republicanos apoiaram a prorrogação, argumentando que era importante para a saúde financeira do governo pagar dívidas já contraídas.

➭ CORRETA conforme o trecho (6º parágrafo):

"[...] The vote was a victory for President Obama, Democrats and those Senate Republicans who have argued that spending money for previously incurred obligations was essential for the financial standing of the federal government."

(A votação foi uma vitória para o presidente Obama, os democratas e os republicanos do Senado que argumentaram que gastar dinheiro com obrigações contraídas anteriormente era essencial para a situação financeira do governo federal.) 

(D) o senador Harry Reid comentou que o presidente da Câmara pretende aprovar a lei o mais breve possível.

(E) o fato de a proposta de lei ter sido aprovada sem nenhuma concessão orçamentária representa uma retirada estratégica dos democratas que inicialmente haviam negado seu apoio.

03 – (FCC-2014-ALEPE-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

As used in the text, and without any change in meaning, though could be replaced by

(A) however.

(B) therefore.

(C) then.

(D) in spite of.

(E) in addition to.

__Gabarito:  (A)__

➭ 3º PARÁGRAFO:

"[...] Simply by holding the vote, Speaker John A. Boehner of Ohio effectively ended a three-year Tea Party-inspired era of budget showdowns that had raised the threat of default and government shutdowns, rattled economic confidence and brought serious scrutiny from other nations questioning Washington’s ability to govern. In the process, though, Mr. Boehner also set off a series of reprisals from fellow Republican congressmen and outside groups that showcased the party’s deep internal divisions.

(Com a simples realização da votação, o Presidente da Câmara, John A. Boehner, do Ohio, pôs efetivamente fim a uma era de três anos de confrontos orçamentais inspirados no Tea Party, que tinham levantado a ameaça de calote e de paralisação do governo, abalado a confiança econômica e provocado um sério escrutínio por parte de outras nações, questionando a capacidade de Washington para governar. No entanto, ao longo do processo, Boehner também desencadeou uma série de represálias por parte de colegas congressistas republicanos e de grupos externos que revelaram as profundas divisões internas do partido.)

04 – (FCC-2014-ALEPE-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

No texto, o pronome sublinhado he refere-se a

(A) Republican Party.

(B) Tim Huelskamp .

(C) Mr. Boehner.

(D) David Leonhardt.

(E) the president.

__Gabarito:  (E)__

➭

05 – (FCC-2014-ALEPE-ANALISTA LEGISLATIVO)

Considere a seguinte definição:

Brinkmanship is the technique of pushing a dangerous situation to the limits of safety in order to secure the greatest advantage.

Em qual dos exemplos abaixo a palavra brinkmanship está empregada de forma incorreta?

(A) Even democracies engage in brinkmanship to protect their self-interests.

(Até mesmo as democracias se envolvem em ações de guerra para proteger os seus interesses próprios.)

(B) The airline is playing brinkmanship. It is taking a risk on its own behalf and on the customers.

(C) He loves public service, and he loves the game of brinkmanship and the idea of playing it safe and compromising.

(D) Brinkmanship involves such tactics as making unconditional demands, bluffing, threatening, and even walking out of negotiations to produce the effect of crisis.

(E) Cheney said he may be playing a game of brinkmanship without realizing how close to the brink he is.

__Gabarito:  (C)__

➭ RESOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA:

Em qual dos exemplos abaixo a palavra brinkmanship está empregada de forma incorreta?

(A) Even democracies engage in brinkmanship to protect their self-interests.

(Até mesmo as democracias se envolvem em ações de guerra para proteger os seus interesses próprios.)

➭ SITUAÇÃO ONDE SE APLICA BRINKMANSHIP.

 ➭ Um exemplo clássico disso foi a Crise dos Mísseis em 1960, onde o "brinkmanship" nesse caso foi utilizado com maestria por parte dos EUA, como uma ferramenta política para enviar mensagens à outra parte, a URSS, e buscar uma nova via diplomática.

(Até mesmo as democracias se envolvem em ações de guerra para proteger os seus interesses próprios.)

(B) The airline is playing brinkmanship. It is taking a risk on its own behalf and on the customers.

(A companhia aérea está jogando brinkmanship. Está assumindo um risco em seu próprio nome e nos clientes.)

➭ SITUAÇÃO ONDE SE APLICA BRINKMANSHIP.

(C) He loves public service, and he loves the game of brinkmanship and the idea of playing it safe and compromising.

(Ele adora o serviço público, e adora o jogo da arrogância e a ideia de jogar com segurança e fazer concessões.)

➭ NÃO SE APLICA BRINKMANSHIP.

(D) Brinkmanship involves such tactics as making unconditional demands, bluffing, threatening, and even walking out of negotiations to produce the effect of crisis.

(O "Brinkmanship" envolve tácticas como fazer exigências incondicionais, fazer bluff, ameaçar e até abandonar as negociações para produzir o efeito de crise.)

➭ SITUAÇÃO ONDE SE APLICA BRINKMANSHIP.

(E) Cheney said he may be playing a game of brinkmanship without realizing how close to the brink he is.

(Cheney disse que pode estar jogando um jogo de "brinkmanship" sem se aperceber de quão perto está da beira do abismo.)

➭ SITUAÇÃO ONDE SE APLICA BRINKMANSHIP.

➭ BRINKMANSHIP - é a técnica que consiste em levar uma situação perigosa até aos limites da segurança, a fim de obter a maior vantagem possível. 

➭ TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:

➭ 1º PARÁGRAFO:

WASHINGTON - Ending three years of brinkmanship in which the threat of a devastating default on the nation’s debt was used to wring conservative concessions from President Obama, the House on Tuesday voted to raise the government’s borrowing limit until March 2015, without any conditions.

(WASHINGTON - Pondo fim a três anos de brinkmanship, em que a ameaça de um calote devastador da dívida do país foi utilizada para arrancar concessões conservadoras ao Presidente Obama, a Câmara votou, na terça-feira, a favor do aumento do limite de endividamento público até Março de 2015, sem quaisquer condições.)

➭ 2º PARÁGRAFO:

The vote - 221 to 201 - relied almost entirely on Democrats in the Republican-controlled House to carry the measure and represented the first debt ceiling increase since 2009 that was not attached to other legislation. Only 28 Republicans voted yes, and only two Democrats voted no.

(A votação - 221 contra 201 - contou quase exclusivamente com os democratas da Câmara dos Representantes, controlada pelos republicanos, para aprovar a medida e representou o primeiro aumento do teto da dívida desde 2009 que não foi anexado a outra legislação. Apenas 28 republicanos votaram sim e apenas dois democratas votaram não.)

➭ 3º PARÁGRAFO:

Simply by holding the vote, Speaker John A. Boehner of Ohio effectively ended a three-year Tea Party-inspired era of budget showdowns that had raised the threat of default and government shutdowns, rattled economic confidence and brought serious scrutiny from other nations questioning Washington’s ability to govern. In the process, though, Mr. Boehner also set off a series of reprisals from fellow Republican congressmen and outside groups that showcased the party’s deep internal divisions.

(Com a simples realização da votação, o Presidente da Câmara, John A. Boehner, do Ohio, pôs efetivamente fim a uma era de três anos de confrontos orçamentais inspirados no Tea Party, que tinham levantado a ameaça de calote e de paralisação do governo, abalado a confiança econômica e provocado um sério escrutínio por parte de outras nações, questionando a capacidade de Washington para governar. No entanto, ao longo do processo, Boehner também desencadeou uma série de represálias por parte de colegas congressistas republicanos e de grupos externos que revelaram as profundas divisões internas do partido.)

➭ 4º PARÁGRAFO:

During the October 2013 government shutdown, The Times’s David Leonhardt explained the debt limit and how a failure to raise it could have affected the economy both at home and abroad.

(Durante a paralisação do governo em Outubro de 2013, David Leonhardt, do The Times, explicou o limite de endividamento e como o calote em aumentar, poderia ter afetado a economia nacional e internacional.)

➭ 5º PARÁGRAFO:

“He gave the president exactly what he wanted, which is exactly what the Republican Party said we did not want,” said a Republican representative, Tim Huelskamp of Kansas, who last year unsuccessfully tried to rally enough support to derail Mr. Boehner’s re-election as speaker. “It’s going to really demoralize the base.”

"Ele deu ao Presidente exatamente o que ele queria, que é exatamente o que o Partido Republicano disse que não queria", disse um representante republicano, Tim Huelskamp, do Kansas, que no ano passado tentou, sem sucesso, reunir apoio suficiente para fazer descarrilar a reeleição de Boehner como Presidente da Câmara. "Isso vai realmente desmoralizar a base".

➭ 6º PARÁGRAFO:

The vote was a victory for President Obama, Democrats and those Senate Republicans who have argued that spending money for previously incurred obligations was essential for the financial standing of the federal government. “Tonight’s vote is a positive step in moving away from the political brinkmanship that’s a needless drag on our economy,” Jay Carney, the White House press secretary, said in a statement.

A votação foi uma vitória para o presidente Obama, os democratas e os republicanos do Senado que argumentaram que gastar dinheiro com obrigações contraídas anteriormente era essencial para a situação financeira do governo federal. “A votação desta noite é um passo positivo para nos afastarmos da brinkmanship política que é um empecilho desnecessário à nossa economia”, disse Jay Carney, secretário de imprensa da Casa Branca, em comunicado.

➭ 7º PARÁGRAFO:

“A clean debt ceiling is a complete capitulation on the

speaker’s part and demonstrates that he has lost the ability to lead the House of Representatives, let alone his own party,” said Jenny Beth Martin, co-founder of the Tea Party Patriots. “It is time for him to go.”

("Um teto de dívida limpo é uma capitulação completa da parte do Presidente da Câmara e demonstra que ele perdeu a capacidade de liderar a Câmara dos Representantes, quanto mais o seu próprio partido", disse Jenny Beth Martin, co-fundadora do Tea Party Patriots. "Está na altura de ele se ir embora". )

➭ 8º PARÁGRAFO:

Senator Harry Reid of Nevada, the majority leader, commended the speaker and promised to pass the bill as soon as possible. “We’re happy to see the House is legislating the way they should have legislated for a long time,” he said.

(O Senador Harry Reid do Nevada, líder da maioria, elogiou o Presidente da Câmara e prometeu aprovar o projecto de lei o mais rapidamente possível. "Estamos satisfeitos por ver que a Câmara está a legislar da forma que deveria ter legislado durante muito tempo", afirmou.)

PUC/PR VERÃO 2016 MEDICINA

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUCPR–2016–MEDICINA–VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO–18/10/2015.

https://www.pucpr.br

https://multiversidade.pucpr.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 5 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1) – | Life stress may lead to cognitive developmental delays in children | www.shortnews.com |

➭ Text (2) – | Solar eclipse in Europe | www.newsinlevels.com |

➭ Text (3) – | Study: Junk Food Doesn’t Only Make You Fat, It Makes You Lazy | www.shortnews.com |

➭ Text (4) – | Pictures of Ascent in the Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. | http://americanliterature.dukejournals.org |

➭ Text (5) – | Don’t Set Goals: Use Systems | https://tinytexts.wordpress.com |

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text and answer the question.

Life stress may lead to cognitive developmental delays in children

According to a new study, children living in harsh or unstable environments are more likely to experience learning and cognitive delays by age 4.

Researchers examined the cortisol levels and cognitive delays of 201 children from low-income families in the northeastern United States. It was found that those kids with higher levels of cortisol experienced harsh or insensitive caregiving.

"We discovered that exposure to specific forms of family adversity when children were 2 years old predicted their cortisol profile, which in turn was linked with notable differences in children´s cognitive functioning at age 4," the researchers say.

Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=100733>. Acesso em: 16/06/15.

16 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO) 

According to the research, we can state that:
I. Children who are more stressed may have cognitive delay.
II. Children who are stresser may have developmental delays.
III. Children from more rich families were evaluated in this research.
IV. Children from richer families were evaluated in this research.
V. Children from poorer families were evaluated in this research.
A) Only II and III are correct.
B) Only I and V are correct.
C) Only IV and V are correct.
D) All the alternatives are correct.
E) Only I and IV are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   B 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text and choose the best alternative.

Solar eclipse in Europe

The UK could be plunged into darkness next month, as experts warn there could be the biggest solar eclipse since 1999. Nearly 90% of the sun's rays are expected to be blocked out in parts of Europe on March 20th.
In London and the Southeast, 85% of the sun will be obscured by the moon, while in northern Scotland, more than 95% will be covered.
But the National Grid warns there could be a solar power outage as a result. Solar power isn’t widely used in the UK, but other parts of Europe that heavily rely on it could be out of electricity for a short while.
There's no need to worry, though – the European Network Transmission System Operators for Electricity have been planning for the event for months.
The eclipse will last for around two hours at 8:40 a.m. The next one will not be until 2026.

Disponível em: <http://www.newsinlevels.com/products/solar-eclipse-in-europe-level-3/>. Acesso em: março 2015.

17 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)

Check the statements according to lexical-semantic aspects from the text above:

I. In: ‘The UK could be plunged into darkness next month…’, the verb in bold could be changed to ‘immersed’ without changing the meaning of the sentence.

II. The word ‘warn’ in the first paragraph means to make someone conscious of a possible problem or danger so they will not be hurt or affected by it.

III. In the sentence: ‘In London and the Southeast, 85% of the sun will be obscured by the moon, while in northern Scotland, more than 95% will be covered.’; the conjunction ‘while’ means that the same exact thing will be happening in the entire area.

IV. Read the sentence: ‘But the National Grid warns there could be a solar power outage as a result.’ The words in bold ‘as a result’ mean that a solar power outage could happen because of the solar eclipse.

V. The meaning of the word ‘eclipse’ in the last paragraph is ‘decline’.

Choose the CORRECT alternative.
A) Only alternatives I, II and III are correct.
B) Only alternatives II, III and IV are correct.
C) Only alternatives III, IV and V are correct.
D) Only alternatives I, III and V are correct.
E) Only alternatives I, II and IV are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   E 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
I. Em: "O Reino Unido pode mergulhar na escuridão no próximo mês ...", o verbo em negrito pode ser alterado para "imerso" sem alterar o significado da frase.
II A palavra "avisar" no primeiro parágrafo significa conscientizar alguém sobre um possível problema ou perigo, para que não seja ferido ou afetado por ele.
III Na frase: "Em Londres e no sudeste, 85% do sol será obscurecido pela lua, enquanto no norte da Escócia, mais de 95% será coberto."; a conjunção 'while' significa que a mesma coisa acontecerá em toda a área.
IV Leia a frase: "Mas a National Grid adverte que pode haver uma queda de energia solar como resultado". As palavras em negrito "como resultado" significam que uma queda de energia solar pode ocorrer por causa do eclipse solar.

V. O significado da palavra "eclipse" no último parágrafo é "declínio".

❑ TEXTO 3: Read the text below:

Study: Junk Food Doesn’t Only Make You Fat, It Makes You Lazy

According to a recent study by researchers at the University of California Los Angeles, a diet rich in processed food and fat leads not only to excess weight but also to less motivation. Researchers found that rats on a junk food diet were significantly fatter than rats on a healthy diet. But the rats with the unhealthy diet also were less active and mentally slower.
"Our data suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, rather than an effect, of laziness. Either the highly processed diet causes fatigue or the diet causes obesity, which causes fatigue," says lead researcher Aaron Blaisdell.

Disponível em: <http://www.shortnews.com/start.cfm?id=94296>. Acesso em: abril de 2015.

18 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)

According to the text, it is possible to state that:

I. Rats which ate healthy food were thinner than the ones which ate junk food.

II. Laziness is a consequence from obesity.

III. Obesity can be considered as an effect of laziness.

IV. Less motivation is one of the causes which make junk food ingestion attractive.

V. Rats on a healthy diet were more active.

A) Only II and IV are correct.
B) Only I, II and III are correct.
C) Only III is correct.
D) Only I, II and V are correct.
E) All the sentences are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
I. Os ratos que ingeriram alimentos saudáveis eram mais magros que os que ingeriam junk food.
II Preguiça é uma consequência da obesidade.
III A obesidade pode ser considerada como um efeito da preguiça.
IV Menos motivação é uma das causas que tornam a ingestão de junk food atraente.

V. Os ratos com uma dieta saudável foram mais ativos.

❑ TEXTO 4: Read the text and choose the best alternative for the underlined word.

Pictures of Ascent in the Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe.

By Douglas Anderson.

New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2009. xi, 201 pp. $ 80.00.

The material world and the ability to transcend it are at the heart of this study of Edgar Allan Poe’s writings. In chapters such as “Problems of Disposal” and “The Gravity of Things,” Anderson contrasts the “weight of living” present in Poe’s life and work with, in Italo Calvino’s words, the “lightness of thoughtfulness.” This book provides a taxonomy of Poe’s literary imagination through suggestive literary analyses of the fictive environments that inhabit and undergird his stories, and it expands the purview of Poe studies as well as of nineteenth-century American literature.

Available in: <http://americanliterature.dukejournals.org/content/82/3/663.full.pdf>. Access on: August 2015.

19 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)

Taxonomy means
A) the process of putting things into different groups, especially living things.
B) the process of organizing similar things, especially living things, into groups or types.
C) the process of organizing different things, especially living things, into different types.
D) the process of organizing similar groups into different types of living things.
E) the process of organizing groups into similar types of living things.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   B 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:
Taxonomia significa
A) o processo de colocar as coisas em diferentes grupos, especialmente os seres vivos.
B) o processo de organização de coisas semelhantes, especialmente seres vivos, em grupos ou tipos.
C) o processo de organização de coisas diferentes, especialmente seres vivos, em tipos diferentes.
D) o processo de organização de grupos semelhantes em diferentes tipos de seres vivos.
E) o processo de organização de grupos em tipos semelhantes de seres vivos.

❑ TEXTO 5: Read the text and choose the best alternative.

Don’t Set Goals: Use Systems

Have you already set your goals for the New Year? Do you want to lose 10 kilos, run a marathon or speak fluent English? Some experts believe that you need systems, not goals. A system is something you do on a regular basis. This means focusing on what you can control (your actions) rather than what you can’t (the unpredictable). For example, don’t focus on losing 10 kilos, focus on shopping for healthy food and cooking something light every day. Don’t focus on the marathon; focus on the training schedule. Invent a system to improve your English, one step at a time. Good luck!

Disponível em: <https://tinytexts.wordpress.com/>. Acesso em: junho de 2015.

20 – (PUC/PR-2016-MEDICINA-VESTIBULAR DE VERÃO)
According to the text we can state that:
I. In order to achieve something you should focus on your actions.
II. In order to achieve something you should eat healthy food every day.
III. In order to achieve something you should set your systems for the New Year.
IV. In order to achieve something you should take one step at a time.
A) Only I and II are correct.
B) Only I and III are correct.
C) Only II and IV are correct.
D) Only I and IV are correct.
E) Only III and IV are correct.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:

According to the text we can state that:

De acordo com o texto podemos afirmar que:

I. In order to achieve something you should focus on your actions.(Para conseguir algo, você deve se concentrar em suas ações.)

• CORRETA porque segundo o texto alguns especialistas acreditam que você precisa de sistemas, não de metas. Um sistema é algo que você faz regularmente. Isso significa focar no que você pode controlar (suas ações) e não no que não pode (o imprevisível).

II. In order to achieve something you should eat healthy food every day.(Para conseguir algo, você deve comer alimentos saudáveis todos os dias.)

• INCORRETA porque o texto não faz menção você deve comer alimentos saudáveis todos os dias.
• O texto sugere que se foque em comprar comida saudável e cozinhar algo leve todos os dias.

III. In order to achieve something you should set your systems for the New Year.(Para conseguir algo, você deve definir seus sistemas para o Ano Novo.)

• INCORRETA porque o texto sugere que se invente sistemas para melhorar algo que se almeja, como por exemplo, não se concentre na maratona; foque no cronograma de treinamento.

IV. In order to achieve something you should take one step at a time.(Para conseguir algo, você deve dar um passo de cada vez.)

• CORRETA conforme o trecho:
• "[...] Invent a system to improve your English, one step at a time. Good luck!"

PUC/Rio – 2016 – VESTIBULAR – GRUPO 1,3, e 4 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTO TRADUZIDO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC-RIO-2016-GRUPO 1,3 e 4-VESTIBULAR-11/10/2015.

https://www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text – | Tsunami science: advances since the 2004 indian ocean tragedy | www. livescience.com |

❑ TEXT:

Tsunami science: advances since the 2004 indian ocean tragedy

1

The Indian Ocean tsunami was one of the worst natural disasters in history. Enormous waves struck countries in South Asia and East Africa with little to no warning, killing 243,000 people. The destruction played out on television screens around the world, fed by shaky home videos. The outpouring of aid in response to the devastation in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and elsewhere was unprecedented.
2
The disaster raised awareness of tsunamis and prompted nations to pump money into research and warning systems. Today (Dec. 26), on the 10th anniversary of the deadly tsunami, greatly expanded networks of seismic monitors and ocean buoys are on alert for the next killer wave in the Indian Ocean, the Pacific and the Caribbean. In fact, tsunami experts can now forecast how tsunamis will flood distant coastlines hours before the waves arrive. But hurdles remain in saving lives for everyone under the threat of tsunamis. No amount of warning will help those who need to seek immediate shelter away from beaches, disaster experts said.
3
Since 2004, geologists have uncovered evidence of several massive tsunamis in buried sand layers preserved in Sumatran caves. It turns out that the deadly waves aren’t as rare in the Indian Ocean as once thought. “We had five fatal tsunamis off the coast of Sumatra prior to 2004,” said Paula Dunbar, a scientist at NOAA’s National Geophysical Data Center. Over the past 300 years, 69 tsunamis were seen in the Indian Ocean, she said. Despite the risk, there was no oceanwide tsunami warning system in the region. Now, a $450 million early-alert network is fully operational, though it is plagued with equipment problems. Essentially built from scratch, the $450 million Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System includes more than 140 seismometers, about 100 sea-level gauges and several buoys that detect tsunamis. More buoys were installed, but they have been vandalized or accidentally destroyed. The buoys and gauges help detect whether an earthquake triggered a tsunami.
4
Getting the warnings down to people living in remote coastal areas is one of the biggest hurdles for the new system. Not all warnings reach the local level. And not every tsunami earthquake is strong enough to scare people away from shorelines. In Sumatra’s Mentawai Islands, a 2010 tsunami killed more than 400 people because residents failed to evacuate in the short time between the earthquake and the tsunami’s arrival. The shaking was simply not strong enough to trigger people’s fear of tsunamis, even though islanders had self-evacuated after a 2007 earthquake, according to an investigation by the University of Southern California’s Tsunami Research Center. There was also no clear-cut warning from the regional tsunami alert system.
5
Another hurdle is learning how to accurately forecast reflected tsunami waves. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami ricocheted off island chains, and some of the worst flooding arrived unexpectedly late in places like Sri Lanka and Western Australia. “I found a boat on the middle of the road, and at that point knew it was a tsunami,” recalls Charitha Pattiaratchi, a University of Western Australia tsunami expert who was driving on a coastal Sri Lankan road on Dec. 26, 2004. “I came to the conclusion that I was safe. Well, I was wrong. Twenty minutes later there was seven meters of water where I had been standing, and two hours later there were still more waves coming.”
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A tsunami warning can go out just five minutes after a submarine earthquake raises or lowers the seafloor, thus launching a tsunami. For more detailed predictions of the wave’s impact, such as the extent of flooding, scientists rely on data collected by seismometers, GPS stations, tide gauges and buoy systems, which is relayed by satellite to warning centers. Computer models then convert the data into detailed tsunami simulations, which are based on more than 2,000 real-life examples.
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After an earthquake, scientists with NOAA’s tsunami warning centers now spend about an hour working out the details of a tsunami forecast, said Vasily Titov, director of NOAA’s Center for Tsunami Research. The results project when the wave will arrive at shorelines and harbors, estimate tsunamiinduced currents and gauge the height of the waves. The agency’s goal is to dramatically reduce that hourlong delay. “We’re now at the point where we want to do it in five minutes,” Titov said. That means building out the seismic network, getting a faster response from the sea-level sensors and speeding up the computer forecasts. “When these three components come together, then we can save everybody,” Titov said.

By Becky Oskin, Senior Writer.

Adapted from http://www. livescience.com/49262-indian-ocean-tsunami-anniversary. html. December 26, 2014.

11. The aim of the text is to
(A) warn the reader about the risks of travelling to coastal towns in the Indian Ocean.
(B) inform the reader about the scientific developments on tsunami warning systems.
(C) make people aware of the importance of immediate evacuation as soon as they hear a tsunami alert.
(D) inspire people to subscribe to charities providing relief to the victims in the tragedy.
(E) condemn nations who have done little to invest in tsunami warning systems in the Indian Ocean.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• O objetivo do texto é

(A) warn the reader about the risks of travelling to coastal towns in the Indian Ocean.

• alertar o leitor sobre os riscos de viajar para cidades costeiras do Oceano Índico.
(B) inform the reader about the scientific developments on tsunami warning systems.

• informar o leitor sobre os desenvolvimentos científicos em sistemas de alerta de tsunami.
(C) make people aware of the importance of immediate evacuation as soon as they hear a tsunami alert.

• conscientizar as pessoas sobre a importância da evacuação imediata assim que ouvirem um alerta de tsunami.
(D) inspire people to subscribe to charities providing relief to the victims in the tragedy.

• inspirar as pessoas a se inscreverem em instituições de caridade que prestam socorro às vítimas da tragédia.
(E) condemn nations who have done little to invest in tsunami warning systems in the Indian Ocean.

• condenar as nações que pouco fizeram para investir em sistemas de alerta de tsunami no Oceano Índico.
12. In the sentence “The disaster raised awareness of tsunamis and prompted nations to pump money into research and warning systems.” (lines 9-11) , the word prompted means

(A) motivated.
(B) persuaded.
(C) suggested.
(D) restricted.
(E) impeded.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• Na frase  “The disaster raised awareness of tsunamis and prompted nations to pump money into research and warning systems.”(O desastre aumentou a conscientização sobre os tsunamis e levou as nações a investir dinheiro em sistemas de pesquisa e alerta), a palavra prompted significa

(A) motivated.

• motivou
(B) persuaded.

• persuadiu, convenceu.
(C) suggested.

• sugeriu.
(D) restricted.

• restringiu.
(E) impeded.

• impediu.

13. According to the second paragraph of the text (lines 9-21), one can arrive at the conclusion that

(A) Tsunami experts can’t still predict if a disaster will occur.
(B) The 2004 disaster didn’t promote drastic changes in tsunami warning systems.
(C) There are still obstacles to be overcome in saving lives in the case of a tsunami threat.
(D) Those who live on coastlines are the ones to find shelter most easily.
(E) Nowadays networks of monitors and ocean buoys are on alert for the next killer wave all over the world.

R E S P O S T A :   C

• De acordo com o segundo parágrafo do texto, pode-se chegar à conclusão de que...

(A) Os especialistas em tsunami ainda não conseguem prever se um desastre ocorrerá.
(B) O desastre de 2004 não promoveu mudanças drásticas nos sistemas de alerta de tsunami.
(C) Ainda existem obstáculos a serem superados para salvar vidas no caso de uma ameaça de tsunami.
(D) Quem mora na costa é quem encontra abrigo mais facilmente.
(E) Atualmente, redes de monitores e bóias oceânicas estão em alerta para a próxima onda assassina em todo o mundo.
14. Choose the item in which the idea introduced by the underlined expression is correctly described.
(A) “In fact, tsunami experts can now forecast…” (lines 15-16) Addition
(B) “Since 2004, geologists have uncovered evidence ….” (line 22) Cause
(C) “….even though islanders had self-evacuated ….” (line 52) Contrast
(D) “There was also no clear-cut warning….” (line 55) Sequence
(E) “… then we can save everybody” (line 93) Emphasis

R E S P O S T A :   C

• Escolha o item no qual a ideia introduzida pela expressão sublinhada é descrita corretamente.

(A) “De fato, os especialistas em tsunami agora podem prever…” (linhas 15-16)
(B) “Desde 2004, os geólogos descobriram evidências….” (Linha 22) Causa
(C) "... embora os ilhéus tenham se evacuado ..." (linha 52)
(D) "Também não houve aviso claro ..." (linha 55) Sequência
(E) "... então podemos salvar a todos" (linha 93) Ênfase
15. Given the information in paragraph 4 (lines 42-56), where the author sheds light on how islanders have reacted to tsunami earthquakes along the years, which of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) In 2010, the interval between the earthquake and the tsunami was not long enough for people to leave the area.
(B) All alert systems reach the islands.
(C) People living in coastal areas are bound to die from the impact of a tsunami wave.
(D) Every earthquake in the ocean will trigger people’s fear of tsunamis.
(E) The regional tsunami alert system sent precise directions to the islanders.

R E S P O S T A :   A

• Dadas as informações do parágrafo 4 (linhas 42-56), onde o autor lança luz sobre como os ilhéus reagiram aos terremotos de tsunami ao longo dos anos, qual das seguintes afirmações é VERDADEIRA?

(A) Em 2010, o intervalo entre o terremoto e o tsunami não foi longo o suficiente para as pessoas deixarem a área.
(B) Todos os sistemas de alerta chegam às ilhas.
(C) As pessoas que vivem em áreas costeiras são obrigadas a morrer pelo impacto de uma onda de tsunami.
(D) Todo terremoto no oceano desencadeia o medo das pessoas de tsunamis.
(E) O sistema regional de alerta de tsunami enviou instruções precisas aos ilhéus.
16. In paragraph 5 (lines 57-69) tsunami expert, Charitha Pattiaratchi, recalls the critical moments she faced in a Sri Lankan road on Dec.26, 2004. Which of the following proverbs best applies to the statements “I came to the conclusion that I was safe. Well, I was wrong.” (lines 66-67):
(A) Practice makes perfect.
(B) You can’t judge a book by its cover.
(C) Actions speak louder than words.
(D) Good things come to those who wait.
(E) It is no use crying over spilled milk.

R E S P O S T A :   B

• In paragraph 5 (lines 57-69) tsunami expert, Charitha Pattiaratchi, recalls the critical moments she faced in a Sri Lankan road on Dec.26, 2004. Which of the following proverbs best applies to the statements “I came to the conclusion that I was safe. Well, I was wrong.” (lines 66-67):

(A) Practice makes perfect.

(B) You can’t judge a book by its cover.
(C) Actions speak louder than words.
(D) Good things come to those who wait.
(E) It is no use crying over spilled milk.

17. The relative pronoun which (line 76), in the fragment “which is relayed by satellite to warning centers”, makes reference to
(A) detailed predictions.
(B) the wave’s impact.
(C) the extent of flooding.
(D) data.
(E) buoy systems.

R E S P O S T A :   D

• O pronome relativo which, no fragmento “which is relayed by satellite to warning centers”, faz referência a...

(A) detailed predictions.

• previsões detalhadas.

(B) the wave’s impact.

• o impacto da onda.
(C) the extent of flooding.
• a extensão das inundações.

(D) data.

• dados.
(E) buoy systems.

• sistemas de bóia.

• O pronome relativo which faz referência a data(dados).

• "[...] For more detailed predictions of the wave’s impact, such as the extent of flooding, scientists rely on data collected by seismometers, GPS stations, tide gauges and buoy systems, which is relayed by satellite to warning centers."

• Para previsões mais detalhadas do impacto da onda, como a extensão da inundação, os cientistas contam com DADOS coletados por sismômetros, estações GPS, marégrafos e sistemas de bóia, QUE são retransmitidos por satélite para centros de alerta.

18. The word dramatically in “The agency’s goal is to dramatically reduce that hour-long delay.” (lines 87-88), most nearly means
(A) desperately.
(B) easily.
(C) ordinarily.
(D) effectively.
(E) awkwardly.

R E S P O S T A :   D

• A palavra dramatically em “The agency’s goal is to dramatically reduce that hour-long delay.”(O objetivo da agência é reduzir drasticamente o atraso de uma hora.), quase significa...

(A) desperately.

• desesperadamente.
(B) easily.

• facilmente.
(C) ordinarily.

• normalmente.
(D) effectively.

• efetivamente.
(E) awkwardly

• estranhamente.

• A questão 18  é sobre o uso metafórico do advérbio “dramatically”(dramaticamente).

• Contextualmente "dramatically" transmite a mesma ideia de "completely"(completamente), "effectively"(efetivamente). 

19. In the sentence “That means building out the seismic network,” (lines 89-90), building out means to
(A) glorify.
(B) compress.
(C) simplify.
(D) incorporate.
(E) expand.

R E S P O S T A :   E

• In the sentence “That means building out the seismic network,” (lines 89-90), building out means to

(A) glorify.
(B) compress.
(C) simplify.
(D) incorporate.
(E) expand.

20. According to Vasily Titov, the greatest challenge NOAA’s Center for Tsunami Research has to face today is to
(A) estimate tsunami-induced currents.
(B) determine the height of the waves.
(C) project when the wave will arrive at shorelines and harbors.
(D) predict the extent of flooding.
(E) reduce the time they spend working out the details of a tsunami forecast.

R E S P O S T A :   E

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