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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• EFOMM-PS-2018-PS-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | Cruise ship crash causes more than $18M in damage to pristine Indonesian reef, experts say | foxnews.com |
❑ TEXTO:
❑ TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:
Cruise ship crash causes more than $18M in damage to pristine Indonesian reef, experts say
(Acidente com navio de cruzeiro causa danos superiores a 18 milhões de dólares em recifes intocados da Indonésia, dizem os peritos)
(Os danos causados por um navio de cruzeiro de propriedade britânica que acidentalmente encalhou num recife de coral imaculado da Indonésia podem totalizar mais de 18 milhões de dólares, de acordo com acadêmicos e grupos ambientais que trabalham na região.)
Researchers for Conservation International Indonesia (CII), Papua State University and the Regional Technical Implementing Unit (UPTD) found that the grounding of the 295-foot Caledonian Sky cruise ship - which weighs 4,200 tons and carried 102 passengers - caused massive damage to several endemic reefs that are unique to Raja Ampat, a remote and idyllic island chain west of Indonesia's Papua province.
(Investigadores da Conservation International Indonesia (CII), da Universidade Estatal da Papua e da Unidade Técnica Regional de Implementação (UPTD) descobriram que o encalhe do navio de cruzeiro Caledonian Sky, de 295 pés - que pesa 4.200 toneladas e transportava 102 passageiros - causou danos maciços em vários recifes endémicos (= espécies de animais ou plantas cuja distribuição está restrita a uma área pequena.) exclusivos de Raja Ampat, uma cadeia de ilhas remotas e idílicas (=puras, bucólicas, campestres) a oeste da província indonésia da Papua.)
"The types of reefs that were damaged by the ship are Genus Porites, Acropora, Poicilopora, Tubastrea, Montipora, Stylopora, Favia and Pavites. It will take decades to restore the reefs,” Ricardo Tapilatu, who headed the research, told the Jakarta Post. Tapilatu added that the damage area stretched for more than 145,000-square-miles.
("Os tipos de recifes que foram danificados pelo navio são do gênero Porites, Acropora, Poicilopora, Tubastrea, Montipora, Stylopora, Favia e Pavites. Serão necessárias décadas para restaurar os recifes", disse Ricardo Tapilatu, que dirigiu a investigação, ao Jakarta Post. Tapilatu acrescentou que a área danificada se estendia por mais de 145.000 quilómetros quadrados.)
The Caledonian Sky, owned by British company Noble Caledonia, was finishing a birdwatching trip on Waigeo Island on March 4 when it veered slightly off course and slammed into the reef. An investigation into the incident found that the cruise ship allegedly entered the area without consulting local guides and that ship's crew only relied on GPS navigation without considering the tide.
(O Caledonian Sky, propriedade da empresa britânica Noble Caledonia, estava terminando uma viagem de observação de aves na ilha de Waigeo, em 4 de março, quando se desviou ligeiramente do curso e bateu no recife. Uma investigação ao incidente revelou que o navio de cruzeiro teria entrado na zona sem consultar os guias locais e que a tripulação do navio apenas dependia da navegação GPS, sem levar em conta a maré.)
"The skipper forced the ship to enter the area, which was not open to cruise ships," CII spokesman, Albert Nebore, said.
("O capitão obrigou o navio a entrar na zona, que não estava aberta aos navios de cruzeiro", declarou o porta-voz da CII, Albert Nebore.)
Noble Caledonia called the accident an "unfortunate" incident and added that the company is "firmly committed to protection of the environment" and fully backed an investigation, but made no mention of compensation.
(A Noble Caledonia classificou o acidente como um incidente "lamentável" e acrescentou que a empresa está "firmemente empenhada na proteção do ambiente" e que apoiava plenamente uma investigação, mas não fez qualquer referência a indenizações.)
The Caledonian Sky has since been refloated and an inspection revealed that "the hull was undamaged and remained intact," the company said.
(O Caledonian Sky foi, entretanto, reerguido e uma inspeção revelou que "o casco não estava danificado e permanecia intacto", informou a empresa.)
The ship itself "did not take on water, nor was any pollution reported as a result of the grounding," Noble Caledonia added.
(O navio em si "não entrou na água, nem foi registada qualquer poluição em resultado do encalhe", acrescentou a Noble Caledonia.)
Indonesia's Enviromnent and Forestry Ministry has deployed its staff to identify the damaged coral reefs and collect evidence that they will use to demand compensation from the British company.
(Indonesia's Enviromnent and Forestry Ministry has deployed its staff to identify the damaged coral reefs and collect evidence that they will use to demand compensation from the British company.)
Ministry spokesman Djati Witjaksono said, "We will discuss with experts the amount of compensation the company must pay [to Indonesia]."
(O porta-voz do Ministério, Djati Witjaksono, disse: "Vamos discutir com peritos o montante da indemnização que a empresa deve pagar [à Indonésia]".)
Locals in Raja Ampat say that besides the damage to the reef, the accident has also put a major strain on the local economy, which relies heavily on snorkeling and scuba-diving tourism.
(Os habitantes locais de Raja Ampat dizem que, além dos danos causados ao recife, o acidente também colocou uma grande tensão na economia local, que depende muito do turismo de mergulho e snorkeling.)
"Coral reefs are the main attraction for many tourists in the area. It is counterproductive for our tourism prospects," Laura Resti, from Raja Ampat's homestay association, told the BBC. "We have tried to conserve those coral reefs for a long time, and just within few hours they were gone". Resti added: "I am so sad and feel ashamed to take tourists there."
("Os recifes de coral são a principal atração para muitos turistas da região. É contraproducente para as nossas perspectivas turísticas", disse à BBC Laura Resti, da associação de homestay de Raja Ampat. "Tentámos conservar estes recifes de coral durante muito tempo e, em poucas horas, desapareceram". Resti acrescentou: "Estou muito triste e sinto-me envergonhada por levar turistas para lá".)
(Adapted from: www.foxnews.com)
❑ QUESTIONÁRIO:
01 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
In the extract from the first paragraph:
"The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship that accidentally ran aground on a pristine Indonesian coral reef could total more than $18 million (...)",
the word in bold means
(A) shabby
(B) bulky
(C) unspoiled
(D) cozy
(E) awesome
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
No extrato do 1º parágrafo:
"The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship that accidentally ran aground on a pristine Indonesian coral reef could total more than $18 million (...)", O dano causado por um navio de cruzeiro de propriedade britânica que acidentalmente encalhou em um recife de coral indonésio ORIGINAL pode totalizar mais de US $ 18 milhões.
A palavra em negrito significa
(A) shabby (dilapidado, em mal estado, gasto)
• 
/'ʃæb.i/ 
/'ʃæb.i/
(B) bulky (volumoso, avultado)
/'ʃæb.i/ 
/'ʃæb.i/(B) bulky (volumoso, avultado)
• /'bʌl.ki/ /'bʌl.ki/
(C) unspoiled (preservado, intacto, inteiro)
/'bʌl.ki/ /'bʌl.ki/(C) unspoiled (preservado, intacto, inteiro)
• /ʌnˈspɔɪld/ ou /ʌnˈspɔɪlt/
/ʌnˈspɔɪld/ ou /ʌnˈspɔɪlt/• /ʌnˈspɔɪld/ ou /ʌnˈspɔɪlt/
/ʌnˈspɔɪld/ ou /ʌnˈspɔɪlt/(D) cozy (aconchegante, confortável, bem instalado)
• /'kəʊ.zi/ /'koʊ.zi/
(E) awesome (impressIonante, fantástico, incrível)
/'kəʊ.zi/ /'koʊ.zi/(E) awesome (impressIonante, fantástico, incrível)
• /'ɔː.səm/ /ˈɑː.səm/
/'ɔː.səm/ /ˈɑː.səm/➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:
• "[...] The damage caused by a British-owned cruise ship that accidentally ran aground on a pristine Indonesian coral reef could total more than $18 million," O dano causado por um navio de cruzeiro de propriedade britânica que acidentalmente encalhou em um recife de coral indonésio ORIGINAL pode totalizar mais de US $ 18 milhões....
02 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
What is true according to the text?
(A) The one in charge of the Caledonian Sky took her to an unforbidden area.
(B) The main frame of the Caledonian Sky was wrecked when she was relaunched.
(C) An inspection showed that there was no pollution but flooding as a consequence of the allision.
(D) The Caledonian Sky steered away from her route and rammed into a ridge of rocks and sand.
(E) The phases of flood or ebb tide made the crew of the Caledonian Sky trust the GPS navigation.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
O que é verdade segundo o texto?
(A) The one in charge of the Caledonian Sky took her to an unforbidden area. O responsável (capitão) da Caledonian Sky levou-a (a embarcação Caledonian Sky) para uma área não proibida. (INCORRETA)
• Foi o GPS que orientou a tripulação da Caledonian Sky a ir para a zona não proibida e não o capitão, conforme o trecho (4º parágrafo):
• "[....] An investigation into the incident found that the cruise ship allegedly entered the area without consulting local guides and that ship‘s crew only relied on GPS navigation without considering the tide." Uma investigação ao incidente revelou que o navio de cruzeiro supostamente entrou na área sem consultar os guias locais e que a tripulação do navio só dependia da navegação GPS, sem considerar a maré.
➭ KEY WORDS:
• "allegedly" (supostamente)
/ə'ledʒ.ɪd.li/ /ə'ledʒ.ɪd.li/• "rely on" (depender de alguém/algo, contar com alguém/algo)
/rɪ'laɪ ɒn/ /rɪ'laɪ ɑːn/(B) The main frame of the Caledonian Sky was wrecked when she was relaunched. A estrutura principal da Caledonian Sky foi destruída quando ela foi relançada. (INCORRETA)
• [...] The Caledonian Sky has since been refloated and an inspection revealed that "the hull was undamaged and remained intact," the company said. A Caledonian Sky foi reflutuada e uma inspeção revelou que "o casco não estava danificado e permaneceu intacto", disse a empresa.
/rekt/ /rekt/
/ʌn'dæm.ɪdʒd/ /ʌn'dæm.ɪdʒd/
➭ KEY WORDS:
• "wrecked" (em ruínas, arruinado, destruído)
/rekt/ /rekt/• "undamaged" (intacto, não danificado)
/ʌn'dæm.ɪdʒd/ /ʌn'dæm.ɪdʒd/(C) An inspection showed that there was no pollution but flooding as a consequence of the allision. Uma inspeção mostrou que não havia poluição, mas a inundação foi conseqüência da alisão. (INCORRETA)
• [...] The Caledonian Sky, owned by British company Noble Caledonia, was finishing a birdwatching trip on Waigeo Island on March 4 when it veered slightly off course and slammed into the reef. O Caledonian Sky, propriedade da empresa britânica Noble Caledonia, estava terminando uma viagem de observação de aves na Ilha Waigeo no dia 4 de março quando desviou ligeiramente do curso e bateu no recife.
/ə'lɪʒən/ /ə'lɪʒən/
/'flʌd.ɪŋ/ /'flʌd.ɪŋ/
(D) The Caledonian Sky steered away from her route and rammed into a ridge of rocks and sand. A Caledonian Sky afastou-se de sua rota e colidiu em um espinhaço de pedras e areia. (CORRETA)
➭ KEY WORDS:
• "allision" (a colisão de um navio com outro)
/ə'lɪʒən/ /ə'lɪʒən/• "flooding" (inundação, enchente)
/'flʌd.ɪŋ/ /'flʌd.ɪŋ/• [...] The Caledonian Sky, owned by British company Noble Caledonia, was finishing a birdwatching trip on Waigeo Island on March 4 when it veered slightly off course and slammed into the reef. O Caledonian Sky, propriedade da empresa britânica Noble Caledonia, estava terminando uma viagem de observação de aves na Ilha Waigeo no dia 4 de março quando desviou ligeiramente do curso e bateu no recife.
/vɪər/ /vɪr/
/'slaɪt.li/ /'slaɪt.li/ /slæm 'ɪn.tuː/ /slæm 'ɪn.tuː/ /ræm 'ɪn.tuː/ /ræm 'ɪn.tuː/
(E) The phases of flood or ebb tide made the crew of the Caledonian Sky trust the GPS navigation. (As fases de maré de vazante ou de inundação fizeram com que a tripulação da Caledonian Sky confiasse na navegação GPS.)
➭ KEY WORDS:
• "veer" (desviar, desviar-se, guinar)
/vɪər/ /vɪr/• "slightly" (ligeiramente)
/'slaɪt.li/ /'slaɪt.li/• "slam into" (bater com força em algo ou alguém)
/slæm 'ɪn.tuː/ /slæm 'ɪn.tuː/• "ram into" (colidir com alguém ou algo)
/ræm 'ɪn.tuː/ /ræm 'ɪn.tuː/(INCORRETA)
• "[....] An investigation into the incident found that the cruise ship allegedly entered the area without consulting local guides and that ship‘s crew only relied on GPS navigation without considering the tide." Uma investigação ao incidente revelou que o navio de cruzeiro supostamente entrou na área sem consultar os guias locais e que a tripulação do navio só dependia da navegação GPS, sem considerar a maré.
➭ KEY WORDS:
• "Height of the tide" (Altura da maré)
/haɪt ɒv ðə taɪd/ /haɪt ɑːv ðə taɪd/• "without" (sem)
/wɪˈðaʊt/ /wɪˈðaʊt/In lines 53-55:
"Locals in Raja Ampat say that besides the damage to the reef, the accident has also put a major strain on the local economy (...).",
the word in bold is closest in meaning to
(A) as soon as
(B) instead of
(C) in spite of
(D) as long as
(E) as well as
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
"Locals in Raja Ampat say that besides the damage to the reef, the accident has also put a major strain on the local economy (...)." Os moradores de Raja Ampat dizem que além dos danos ao recife, o acidente também colocou uma grande pressão sobre a economia local.
A palavra em negrito tem o significado mais próximo de
(A) as soon as (assim que, transmite ideia de tempo)
/æz suːn æz//æz suːn æz/(B) instead of (ao invés de, transmite ideia de contraste)
/ɪn'sted ɒv//ɪn'sted ɑːv//ɪn spaɪt ɒv//ɪn spaɪt ɑːv//æz lɒŋ æz//æz lɑːŋ æz//æz wel æz//æz wel æz/➭ BESIDES (= "in addition to", "also")(além disso, também)
/bɪ'saɪdz/ /bɪ'saɪdz/04 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Which is the correct option to complete the sentence below?
Ruth wanted to be transferred to another department, but her application was _____because her own department is understaffed.
(A) turned down
(B) turned out
(C) turned up
(D) turned over
(E) turned away
(B) turned out
(C) turned up
(D) turned over
(E) turned away
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
Qual é a opção correta para completar a frase abaixo?
Ruth wanted to be transferred to another department, but her application was _____ because her own department is understaffed. Ruth queria ser transferida para outro departamento, mas o pedido dela foi REJEITADO porque seu próprio departamento estava com escassez de pessoal.
(A) turned down (rejeitar alguma coisa)
/tɜːnd daʊn//tɝːnd daʊn//tɜːnd aʊt//tɝːnd aʊt//tɜːnd ʌp//tɝːnd ʌp//tɜːnd 'əʊ.vər//tɝːnd 'oʊ.vɚ//tɜːnd əˈweɪ//tɝːnd əˈweɪ/➭ Na lacuna, cabe contextualmente o phrasal verb TURN DOWN /tɜːn daʊn/ no sentido de "recusar, rejeitar alguma coisa".
➭ MAS ATENÇÃO: TURN DOWN can also mean → abaixar (volume), rejeitar (emprego) ou virar para baixo (aba do boné).
05 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Mark the correct option.
(A) Many cattle are suffering from a serious disease.
(B) The police is looking for a dark-haired man in his twenties.
(C) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools.
(D) Her jeans is too tight at the hips.
(E) Where are those five pounds I lent you?
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES - COLLECTIVE NOUNS:
Marque a opção correta.
(A) Many cattle are suffering from a serious disease. (CORRETA)
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "Cattle", "Clergy", "Police", "Swine" → PLURAL VERB.
• "cattle are" (gados são)(=cows and bulls)
/'kæt.əl ɑːr/ /'kæt.əl ɑːr/• "clergy" (clero, sacerdotes)
/'klɜː.dʒi/ /'klɝː.dʒi/• "police" (policia, policiais)
/pə'liːs/ /pə'liːs/• "swine" (porco, porcos)
/pə'liːs/ /pə'liːs/• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "Cattle", "Police", "Swine", "Clergy" → PLURAL VERB.
• "The police are" (os policiais são)(= members of organization)
/ðə pə'liːs ɑːr/ /ðə pə'liːs ɑːr/(C) Too many mathematics are usually taught in schools. (2 erros)
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL 1: "Art", "Biology", "Chemistry", "Economics", "Engineering", "History", "Linguistics", "Literature", "Mathematics", "Music", "Physics", "Poetry", "Psychology", "Science" → São UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS os nomes de disciplina.
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL 2: UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS → SINGLE VERB.
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL 3: "much", "a little", "a bit (of)","a large amount of" → QUANTIFIERS WITH UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS.
➣ Too much mathematics is usually taught in schools. Muita matemática geralmente é ensinada nas escolas. ("Too much" transmite uma ideia negativa de "demais", "além do necessário")
• "mathematics is" (matemática é)(= the science of numbers)
/mæθˈmæt.ɪks ɪz//mæθˈmæt.ɪks ɪz/• "jeans are" (jeans são)(= trousers)
/dʒiːnz ɑːr//dʒiːnz ɑːr/• "where is that five pounds" (onde está aquelas cinco libras)
/weər ɪz ðæt faɪv paʊndz//wer ɪz ðæt faɪv paʊndz/06 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Which alternative is correct?
(A) Can you translate this in Chinese?
(B) I broke it into half.
(C) Cut the onion into small pieces.
(D) The ball rolled slowly in the goal.
(E) He sat down into the armchair, and I sat down onto the floor.
(B) I broke it into half.
(C) Cut the onion into small pieces.
(D) The ball rolled slowly in the goal.
(E) He sat down into the armchair, and I sat down onto the floor.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES: "IN" vs "INTO":
Marque a opção correta.
(A) Can you translate this in Chinese? (= translate something (from something) into something)
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: translate something (from something) INTO something.
/træns'leɪt 'ɪn.tu/ ou /trænz'leɪt 'ɪn.tu/ /træns'leɪt 'ɪn.tu/ ou /trænz'leɪt 'ɪn.tu/
• "translate into" (traduzir)
/træns'leɪt 'ɪn.tu/ ou /trænz'leɪt 'ɪn.tu//træns'leɪt 'ɪn.tu/ ou /trænz'leɪt 'ɪn.tu/(B) I broke it into half.
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: IN HALF/TWO ou INTO MORE PIECES.
• "broke it in half" (quebrei no meio)
/brəʊk ɪt ɪn hɑːf//broʊk ɪt ɪn hæf/(C) Cut the onion into small pieces. (CORRETO)
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: IN HALF/TWO ou INTO SLICES/CHUNKS/PIECES etc.
• "Cut the onion into small pieces" (Corte a cebola em pedaços pequenos)
/kʌt ðiː 'ʌn.jən 'ɪn.tu smɔːl piːsɪz//kʌt ðiː 'ʌn.jən 'ɪn.tu smɑːl piːsɪz/(D) The ball rolled slowly in the goal.
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: roll down/into/through etc.
• "rolled slowly into the goal." (rolou lentamente para o gol.)
/rəʊlt 'sləʊ.li 'ɪn.tu ðə ɡəʊl//roʊlt 'sloʊ.li 'ɪn.tu ðə ɡoʊl/• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL (1): to sit in an armchair.
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL (2): to sit on a chair/a horse/the ground/the floor.
• "He sat in an armchair" (Ele sentou em uma poltrona)
/hiː sæt ɪn ən 'ɑːm.tʃeər//hiː sæt ɪn ən 'ɑːrm.tʃer/• "I sat on the floor" (Sentei-me no chão.)
/aɪ sæt ɒn ðə flɔːr//aɪ sæt ɑːn ðə flɔːr/07 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Mark the only option which is NOT grammatically correct.
(A) We've all got terrible voices, but I sing worst of all.
(B) Thank you very much indeed. That is most kind of you.
(C) She’s the fastest player of them all.
(D) We’re walking by far the slowest.
(E) The more it is dangerous, the more I like it.
(B) Thank you very much indeed. That is most kind of you.
(C) She’s the fastest player of them all.
(D) We’re walking by far the slowest.
(E) The more it is dangerous, the more I like it.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES:
Marque a única opção que NÃO está gramaticalmente correta.
(A) We've all got terrible voices, but I sing worst of all. Todos nós temos vozes terríveis, mas eu canto o pior de todos.
• "worst of all" (o pior de todos, o pior de tudo)
/wɜːst ɒv ɔːl//wɝːst ɑːv ɑːl/ • "That is most kind of you" (É usado em contexto para comentar algo que alguém disse.)
/ðæt ɪz məʊst kaɪnd ɒv juː//ðæt ɪz məʊst kaɪnd ɑːv juː/ • "the fastest of them all" (É usado em contexto para dizer que alguém ou algo é o mais rápido de todos).
/ðə fɑːstɪst ɒv ðem ɔːl//ðə fæstəst ɑːv ðem ɑːl/ • "by far" (É usado em contexto para enfatizar o quão grande é ou está).
• "by far the slowest" (enfatiza que definitivamente somos os mais lentos.).
/baɪ fɑːr sləʊɪst//baɪ fɑːr sloʊəst/ • PADRÃO GRAMATICAL (1): The more dangerous it is, the more dangerous I like it.
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL (2): The more dangerous it is, the more I like it. (omite o adjetivo no 2º aumento)
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL (3): The more dangerous it is, the better.
• PADRÃO GRAMATICAL (4): The dangerous, the better.
• "dangerous" (perigoso)
/'deɪn.dʒər.əs//'deɪn.dʒər.əs/
Which option is NOT correct?
(A) If your mother will fill in this form, I'll prepare her ticket.
(B) If Ann won't be here on Monday, we’d better cancel the meeting.
(C) If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.
(D) Hadn’t we missed the plane, we would all have been killed in the crash.
(E) If it hadn't been for your help, I don't know what I’d have done.
(B) If Ann won't be here on Monday, we’d better cancel the meeting.
(C) If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.
(D) Hadn’t we missed the plane, we would all have been killed in the crash.
(E) If it hadn't been for your help, I don't know what I’d have done.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR - Conditionals /kənˈdɪʃ.ən.əls/ :
(A) If your mother will fill in this form, I'll prepare her ticket.(CORRETA)
➭ Na if-clause "If your mother will fill in this form,", a palavra "WILL" é verbo auxiliar com ideia de "(ABLE/WILLING)(capaz/disposto)" e não como verbo auxiliar com ideia de "FUTURE".
➭ A if-clause "If your mother will fill in this form," no Present Simple (vê a forma verbal "fill") EXIGE MODAL VERB na "Main Clause" com ideia de FUTURO, ou seja, "I'll prepare her ticket."
ldoceonline.com/dictionary/will
(B) If Ann won't be here on Monday, we’d better cancel the meeting. (CORRETA)
➭ A mesma explicação dada na alternativa (a).
(C) If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.
➭ "SHOULD” é usado depois de “IF” para falar sobre possíveis situações no futuro.
➭ ‘IF YOU SHOULD’ é usado em contextos formais e educados.
(D) Hadn’t we missed the plane, we would all have been killed in the crash. (INCORRETA)
(D) Had
➭ PADRÃO DE INVERSÃO: "HAD + SUJEITO + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE".
➭ Had we not missed the plane, Se nós não tivéssemos perdido o avião,
(E) If it hadn't been for your help, I don't know what I’d have done. (CORRETA)
➭ IF + Past Perfect // WOULD HAVE + Past Participle.
➭ IF + hadn't been // WOULD HAVE + done.
dictionary.cambridge.org
09 – (EFOMM-2017/2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
I - He goes running in all weathers.
II - I have difficulties in remembering faces.
III - Do you think we have much chance of catching the train?
IV - He speaks an excellent English.
V - We've bought three groceries.
(A) Only I and IV
(B) Only I and III
(C) Only II and IV
(D) Only III and V
(E) Only II and V
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES:
Quais sentenças estão gramaticalmente corretas?
I - He goes running in all weathers. Ele corre em todos os climas. (CORRETA)
• O uncountable noun "WEATHER" (clima) pode vir também na forma idiomática com acréscimo de “S”, ou seja, “IN ALL WEATHERS”(em todos os climas).
➣ He goes out jogging in all weathers. Ele sai para correr em qualquer clima. [Macmillan Dictionary]
➣ He goes fishing in all weathers. Ele vai pescar em todos os climas. [Cambridge Dictionary]
• "weather"(tempo, clima)
/'weð.ər/ /'weð.ɚ/II - I have
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "Difficulty in" (= Dificuldade
em fazer algo) é UNCOUNTABLE NOUN:
➣ I have difficulty in remembering faces.Tenho dificuldade em lembrar de rostos.
➣ People with asthma have difficulty in breathing. Pessoas com asma têm dificuldade em respirar. [Cambridge Dictionary]
III - Do you think we have much chance of catching the train? Você acha que temos muita chance de pegar o trem? (CORRETA)(contextualmente o substantivo CHANCE funciona como um UNCOUNTABLE NOUN, quantificado corretamente por “much”)
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "chance" em "by chance", "of chance", "chance of" é UNCOUNTABLE NOUN:
➣ I met her by chance at the airport. [Oxford Learner's Dictionaries]
➣ I got this job completely by chance. [Cambridge Dictionary]
➣ Chess is not a game of chance. [Oxford Learner's Dictionaries]
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: São UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS os substantivos relativos a LÍNGUAS (idiomas) → Chinese, English, German, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, etc.
➣ He speaks excellent English. Ele fala inglês excelente.
V - We've bought three groceries. (o uncountable noun “groceries” não pode ser usado com número.)
➣ We've bought the groceries. Compramos os mantimentos.
10 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Mark the correct alternative.
(A) You have made me be a happy man.
(B) I don't know enough of French to read this.
(C) I got a grandmother last month.
(D) She spoke very fast that nobody could understand.
(E) He's from Austin, as you can tell from his accent.
(B) I don't know enough of French to read this.
(C) I got a grandmother last month.
(D) She spoke very fast that nobody could understand.
(E) He's from Austin, as you can tell from his accent.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES:
(A) You have made me be a happy man. (erro = 2 verbos de ligação)
Na sentença, o verbo "MAKE" é um verbo de ligação com o significado de "TO BECOME"(tornar-se):
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "make + Noun Phrase":
➣ You have made me a happy man. Você me tornou um homem feliz.
➣ You’ll make a wonderful father. Você será um pai maravilhoso.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "enough of " é usado somente quando for seguido por um determinante (a/an/the, this/that) ou um pronome my/your/his, you/them, etc.).
➣ There's enough of us to make a difference. Há o suficiente de nós para fazer a diferença.
➭ Para corrigir a frase pegadinha, basta retirar a preposição "of", e assim, "enough" funcionará como um advérbio circunstanciando o verbo "know", ou seja:
• I don't know enough French to read this. Não sei francês o suficiente para ler isso.
(C) I got a
➣ I got a granddaughter last month. Ganhei uma neta no mês passado.
• "granddaughter"(neta)
/'ɡræn.dɔː.tər/ /'ɡræn.dɑː.t̬ɚ/(D) She spoke very fast that nobody could understand.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: SO + adjective + THAT clause.
➣ She spoke SO fast that nobody could understand. Ela falava tão rápido que ninguém conseguia entender.
(E) He's from Austin, as you can tell from his accent. Ele é de Austin, como é perceptível pelo sotaque dele. (CORRETA)
➭ “You can tell” (idiom) – significa que "algo é perceptível".
• “accent” (sotaque)
/'æk.sənt/ /ˈæk.sənt/11 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Choose the correct sentence.
(A) Pancho is always happy to offer advise if you ask him for it.
(B) Teachers always advice parents to emphasize studying at home.
(C) My doctor adviced me to go to the gym more often.
(D) John has a bad habit of offering unsolicited advice.
(E) Sarah will advice the city council that the deadline might need to be extended.
(B) Teachers always advice parents to emphasize studying at home.
(C) My doctor adviced me to go to the gym more often.
(D) John has a bad habit of offering unsolicited advice.
(E) Sarah will advice the city council that the deadline might need to be extended.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES - Advice vs Advise :
(A) Pancho is always happy to offer advise if you ask him for it.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: to offer advice (oferecer conselho).
➣ Pancho is always happy to offer advice if you ask him for it. Pancho está sempre feliz em oferecer conselho, caso você o peça.
• “advice” (conselho, recomendação)(NOUN)
/əd'vaɪs/ /əd'vaɪs/➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "advise parents to" (aconselhar os pais a).
➣ Teachers always advise parents to emphasize studying at home. Os professores sempre aconselham os pais a enfatizar os estudos em casa.
• “advise” (aconselhar, recomendar)(VERB)
/əd'vaɪz/ /əd'vaɪz/➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: to advise me to go (aconselhar-me a ir).
➣ My doctor advised me to go to the gym more often. Meu médico aconselhou-me a ir à academia com mais frequência.
• “advised” (aconselhou, recomendou)(VERB)
/əd'vaɪzd/ /əd'vaɪzd/• “advice” (conselho, recomendação)(NOUN)
/əd'vaɪs/ /əd'vaɪs/➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "will advise the city council "(notificará a prefeitura da cidade).
➣ Sarah will advise the city council that the deadline might need to be extended. Sarah notificará a prefeitura da cidade que o prazo pode precisar ser estendido.
• “will advise” (notificará)(VERB)
/wɪl əd'vaɪz/ /wɪl əd'vaɪz/12 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Which alternative is correct?
(A) I visited the United Kingdom and the Brazil two years ago.
(B) The Bahamas is a group of islands in the West Indies.
(C) Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world.
(D) The coast of the country is bathed by Atlantic Ocean.
(E) My brother likes seaside, but I prefer mountains.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES - THE :
Qual alternativa está correta?
(A) I visited the United Kingdom and the Brazil two years ago.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL 1: Brazil, Mexico, France, Germany, China, etc. Não se usa "THE" antes de nome de países no SINGULAR. Usa-se THE antes de nomes de países no PLURAL → “The Netherlands“.
➭ I visited the United Kingdom and Brazil two years ago. Visitei o Reino Unido e o Brasil há dois anos.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL 2: The United States“, “The United Kingdom“, “The United Arab Emirates”, “The Dominican Republic”. Usa-se THE antes de nomes compostos de paises.
• “Brazil” (Brasil)
/brə'zɪl//brə'zɪl/• “the United Kingdom” (o Reino Unido) (the country that consists of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland)
/ðiː jʊˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm//ðiː jʊˌnaɪ.t̬ɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: The Bahamas, The Philippines, The Maldives. "THE” é usado com os países que consistem em muitas ilhas.
• “the Bahamas” (As Bahamas) (a country in the West Indies made up of around 700 small islands)
/ðə bə'hɑː.məz/ /ðə bə'hɑː.məz/• “island” (ilha)
/'aɪ.lənd/ /'aɪ.lənd/➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: The Sahara Desert, The Australian Desert, The Arabian Desert, The Gobi Desert, The Patagonian Desert. "THE" é usado antes dos nomes de desertos.
➣ The Sahara is the largest hot desert in the world. O Saara é o maior deserto quente do mundo.
• “the Sahara Desert” (o deserto do Saara) (a very large desert in North Africa)
/ðə səˌhɑː.rə 'dez.ət/ /ð səˌher.ə 'dez.ɚt/➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL 2: The Atlantic Ocean, The Pacific Ocean, The Indian Ocean, and The Arctic Ocean. Usa-se "THE" antes de nomes dos oceanos.
➣ The coast of the country is bathed by the Atlantic Ocean. A costa do país é banhada pelo Oceano Atlântico.
• “The Atlantic Ocean” (o oceano Atlântico)
/ðiː ətˈlæn.tɪk ˌeʊ.ʃən//ðiː ətˈlæn.t̬ɪk ˌoʊ.ʃən/(E) My brother likes seaside, but I prefer mountains.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: THE SEASIDE (not: seaside), THE MOUNTAINS (not: mountains).
➣ My brother likes the seaside, but I prefer the mountains. Meu irmão gosta da beira-mar, mas eu prefiro as montanhas.
• “the seaside” (beira-mar)
/ðə 'siˌsaɪd/ /ðə 'siˌsaɪd/• “the Mountains” (beira-mar)
/ðə 'maʊn.tɪnz//ðə 'maʊn.tənz/13 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
(A) Her breadth of knowledge is amazing.
(B) David has a large respect for his teacher.
(C) The river is 230 meters width.
(D) The driver's behavior caused a big annoyance.
(E) Some native English speakers measure their personal weigh in pounds.
Choose the correct sentence.
(B) David has a large respect for his teacher.
(C) The river is 230 meters width.
(D) The driver's behavior caused a big annoyance.
(E) Some native English speakers measure their personal weigh in pounds.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES - adjective vs noun, noun vs verb, :
Escolha a sentença correta.
(A) Her breadth of knowledge is amazing. Sua amplitude de conhecimento é incrível. (CORRETA)(Uso adequado da collocation "breadth of knowledge")• “breadth of knowledge”(amplitude de conhecimento)
/bredθ ɒv 'nɒl.ɪdʒ/ /bredθ ɑːv 'nɑː.lɪdʒ/➭ COLLOCATIONS com "BREADTH":
• "breadth of interest" (amplitude de interesse)
• "breadth of understanding" (amplitude de compreensão)
• "full breadth"(amplitude total)
• "great breadth"(amplitude grande)
(B) David has a large respect for his teacher.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "great respect" (collocation).
➣ David has a great respect for his teacher. David tem um grande respeito por seu professor.
• “great respect” (grande respeito)
/ɡreɪt rɪ'spekt/ /ɡreɪt rɪ'spekt/➭ COLLOCATIONS com "RESPECT":
• considerable respect.(considerável respeito)
• deep respect.(profundo respeito)
• great respect.(grande respeito)
• grudging respect.(respeito relutante)
• mutual respect.(respeito mútuo)
• utmost respect.(máximo respeito)
• due respect.(devido respeito)
• proper respect.(respeito adequado)
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "meters wide" (phrase).
➣ The river is 230 meters wide. O rio tem 230 metros de largura.
➣ The driver's behavior caused a great annoyance. O comportamento do motorista causou grande incômodo.
• “great annoyance” (grande incômodo)
/ɡreɪt ə'nɔɪ.əns/ /ɡreɪt ə'nɔɪ.əns/➭ COLLOCATIONS com "annoyance"(aborrecimento, incômodo, contrariedade):
• deep annoyance.(aborrecimento profundo)
• intense annoyance.(aborrecimento intenso)
• obvious annoyance.(aborrecimento óbvio)
• minor annoyance.(pequeno aborrecimento)
• petty annoyance.(aborrecimento mesquinho)
➣ Some native English speakers measure their personal weight in pounds. Alguns falantes nativos de inglês medem seu peso pessoal em libras.
• “ weight” (peso)(NOUN)
/weɪt/ /weɪt/• “ weigh” (pesar)(VERB)
/weɪ/ /weɪ/14 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Mark the correct alternative.
(A) All his bags were robbed of him.
(B) I handed to my sister the bottle.
(C) l am going to treat myself to a new dress.
(D) He claimed that he had been deprived from his freedom.
(E) Her grandmother made a lovely scarf to me.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES:
Marque a alternativa CORRETA.
(A) All his bags were robbed of him. (Entre o verbo "ROBBED" e o pronome "HIM" não existe preposição. A preposição poderá existir depois do pronome.)
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: “rob somebody of something”. [Longman Dictionay]
➣ All his bags were robbed him. Todas as suas malas foram roubadas dele.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: “hand something to somebody” (entregar algo a alguém).
➣ I handed the bottle to my sister. Entreguei a garrafa para minha irmã.
(C) l am going to treat myself to a new dress. Vou presentear-me com um vestido novo. (CORRETA)
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "to treat oneself to something" (presentear-se com algo).
(D) He claimed that he had been deprived from his freedom.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: to deprive of. [Collins Dictionary]
➣ He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom. Ele alegou que havia sido privado de sua liberdade.
(E) Her grandmother made a lovely scarf to me.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: make me something.
➣ Her grandmother made me a lovely scarf. Todas as suas malas foram roubadas dele.
15 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
(A) Here comes he.
(B) Not until he received her call did he fully understand the situation.
(C) A: "I am thirsty!" B: "So I am."
(D) Not far from here can you find a place to eat.
(E) A: "I don't like soap operas." B: "Nor I do."
Mark the correct option.
(B) Not until he received her call did he fully understand the situation.
(C) A: "I am thirsty!" B: "So I am."
(D) Not far from here can you find a place to eat.
(E) A: "I don't like soap operas." B: "Nor I do."
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR RULES:
Marque a opção CORRETA.
(A) Here ➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "SVO" → SUJEITO+VERBO+OBJETO.
Here he comes. Aí vem ele. (B) Not until he received her call did he fully understand the situation. Somente quando ele recebeu a chamada dela, ele entendeu completamente a situação.
➭ SENTENÇA CORRETA porque com o adverb phrase "NOT UNTIL", a inversão deve ser feita na 2ª oração (did he).
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: ADDITION TO REMARKS ("So am I", "So do I", "Nor do I", "Neither do I", etc.) exige "INVERSÃO".
A: "I am thirsty!" B: "So am I." A: "Estou com sede!" B: "Eu também."(D) Not far from here
Not far from here you can find a place to eat. - Não muito longe daqui você pode encontrar um lugar para comer.(E) A: "I don't like soap operas." B: "Nor I do." (INCORRETA porque a inversão é "Nor do I" )
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: ADDITION TO REMARKS ("So am I", "So do I", "Nor do I", "Neither do I", etc.) exige "INVERSÃO".
A: "I don't like soap operas." B: "Nor do I." A: “Não gosto de novelas”. B: "Nem eu."16 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Choose the correct alternative.
(A) You'll soon get used to live abroad.
(B) She is talking about to move to the countryside.
(C) I look forward to hear from you.
(D) I used to playing cards when I was a kid.
(E) l am used to doing the dishes.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
Choose the correct alternative.
(A) You'll soon
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "GET
USED TO" segue verbo com “-ING”.
You'll soon get used to living abroad. Você logo se acostumará a
viver no exterior.➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "TALK
ABOUT" segue verbo com “-ING”.
She is talking
about moving to the countryside. Ela está falando em se mudar para o campo.➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: LOOK
FORWARD TO segue verbo com “-ING”.
I look
forward to hearing from you. Estou ansioso para ouvir você.➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "USED TO" segue BARE INFINITIVE (infinitivo sem o TO).
I used to play cards when I was a kid. Eu costumava jogar baralho
quando era criança. My mum used to tell me bedtime stories. Minha mãe costumava me contar histórias antes de dormir.➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "BE USED TO" segue verbo com “-ING”.
I'm used to having my sleep interrupted.
[Collins Dictionary]She was
not used to speaking Cantonese. [Cambridge Dictionay]17 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Choose the correct sentence.
(A) I saw a girl who hair was blue.
(B) Mr. Smith, which has never smiled, seems very
happy today.
(C) He got fired again, what surprised everybody.
(D) The girl who I gave the form to was very
nervous.
(E) It was like a dream from that I feared I would
wake sooner or later.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - RELATIVE PRONOUNS :
Choose the correct sentence.
(A) I saw a girl who hair was blue.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "WHOSE" (pronome que fica posicionado entre 2 substantivos: o possuidor e
o possuído.
I saw a girl whose hair was blue. Eu vi uma garota cujo cabelo era azul.(B) Mr. Smith, which has never smiled, seems very happy today.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "WHO" (refere-se à MrSmith que é uma PESSOA e tem função de sujeito do
verbo HAS NEVER SMILED).
Mr. Smith, who
has never smiled, seems very happy today. O Sr. Smith, que nunca sorriu, parece muito feliz hoje.(C) He got fired again, what surprised everybody.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "WHICH" refere-se a THING (coisa) e pode também referir-se à uma CLAUSE
anterior para adicionar informações
extras. E neste caso, WHAT, THAT e HOW não podem ser usadas.
He got fired again, which surprised everybody. Ele foi demitido novamente, o que surpreendeu a todos.(D) The girl who I gave the form to was very nervous. A garota para quem entreguei o formulário estava muito nervosa.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "WHO" com função de OBJECT de verbo.
(E) It was like a dream from that I feared I would wake sooner or later. (WHO e THAT não são usados após preposições.)
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "WHICH" refere-se a THING (a dream) e pode ser usado depois de preposição (from).
It was like a dream from which I feared I would wake sooner or later. Foi como um sonho do qual temia acordar mais cedo ou mais tarde.18 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Which alternative is correct?
(A) He is selling a two-person tent.
(B) It is important to follow the postgraduates regulations.
(C) I need this plier to fix the machine.
(D) She paid me twenty dollars, now she owes me other twenty dollars.
(E) I don't have some money.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
Which alternative is correct?
(A) He is selling a two-person tent.
➭ PADRÃO GRAMATICAL: "Noun Phrase" com adjetivo composto.
Mr. Smith, who has never smiled, seems very happy today. O Sr. Smith, que nunca sorriu, parece muito feliz hoje.(C) I need this plier to fix the machine.
(D) She paid me twenty dollars, now she owes me other twenty dollars.
(E) I don't have some money.
19 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Mark the correct alternative.
(A) We had better not to call him today.
(B) I ought to read this book, oughtn't I?
(C) John is eighteen, so his sister must to be twenty.
(D) I suggested she added this book to the list, and she finally would.
(E) Last year I lived with my boyfriend but I knew I can live with my parents again at any time.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
20 – (EFOMM-PS2018-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Choose the correct sentence.
(A) My father always kept a close eye in me when I played with my friends.
(B) There must be more to him than meets my eyes, or else why would she be interested in him?
(C) Although we are married, we don't see eye to eye on a lot of things.
(D) I cried my eyes away when my friend told me I failed the exam.
(E) Working with poor children opened my eyes off their real needs.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :