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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-07/12/2008.
https://vestibular.fgv.br
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | Spoiled by war | The Economist |
• Texto (2) – | The magic of the market | Foreign Affairs |
PROVA
❑ TEXTO 1:
Spoiled by war
1
“WHEN did you last see your father?” is not a question to ask many of the 350 children in
Srinagar’s main orphanage. Over half are victims of Kashmir’s 19-year-old insurgency, having
lost one or both parents to the war between Indian soldiers and separatists.
2
Wasim Ahmed Bhatt,16, is more forthcoming than most. His father, a member of a local Islamist
outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was shot dead 14 years ago while on an operation against the army.
After a long struggle to feed their three children, the dead man's widow deposited Wasim at the
orphanage four years ago. There he has learnt English, which he wants to study at university. He
says he has no interest in fighting for Kashmir's freedom – though many, if not all, orphans seem
to favour independence.
3
Rough estimates suggest there may be between 70,000 and 100,000 orphans in India's only
Muslim–majority state. Many are victims of a war that claimed a dozen lives a day in 2001, its
bloodiest year on record. When the war began, there was just one small orphanage in Srinagar,
Kashmir's lake-rimmed capital. Now there are half a dozen much bigger establishments,
including one run by the army for orphans of its dead retainers.
4
The orphanages mean wretched children, but also a depressing cultural change. "Before,
people would never have taken their brother's children to a strange place and left them there,"
says the main orphanage's director, Saifullah Khalid. But with the huge number of deaths, it
became impossible not to.
5
The killing in Kashmir continues. On July 24th at least five people died in a bombing in Srinagar.
But last year's still horrific official death-count, 777, was the lowest since the war began.
Improved relations between India and Pakistan have helped. And the army, which has 600,000
troops and a reputation for brutality in Kashmir, has been showing greater restraint.
6
That is good news for Kashmiris. But it may not end their struggle. Last month saw the biggest
pro-independence protests in Kashmir since the early 1990s. They were prompted by a decision
of the state government to donate land to Hindu pilgrims – and led to the state government's
collapse. Until a state election, due by November, Kashmir is being ruled from Delhi. In
Srinagar's main orphanage, some express strong views on these recent events. "They were
trying to bring Hindus to Kashmir; this was unacceptable," said Gazi Abdullah, 11, meaning
India, whose army killed his father.
The Economist - July 26th 2008
31 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
Which of the following is most supported by the information in paragraph 1?
(A) The majority of the 350 children in Srinagar’s main orphanage do not remember the last
time they saw their parents.
(B) In Srinagar’s main orphanage it is not permitted to ask the children certain questions about
their dead parents.
(C) The majority of the children in Srinagar’s main orphanage are under the age of 19.
(D) The majority of the children in Srinagar’s main orphanage are there because of the war
between Indian soldiers and Kashmiri separatists.
(E) Only Indian soldiers and Kashmiri separatists have died in Kashmir’s 19-year-old insurgency.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
Which of the following is most supported by the information in paragraph 1?
Qual das opções a seguir é mais corroborada pelas informações do parágrafo 1?
a) The majority of the 350 children in Srinagar’s main orphanage do not remember the last time they saw their parents.
• A maioria das 350 crianças no orfanato principal de Srinagar não se lembra da última vez que viram seus pais.
b) The majority of the children in Srinagar’s main orphanage are there because of the war between Indian soldiers and Kashmiri separatists.
• A maioria das crianças no orfanato principal de Srinagar está lá por causa da guerra entre soldados indianos e separatistas da Caxemira.
c) In Srinagar’s main orphanage it is not permitted to ask the children certain questions about their dead parents.
• No orfanato principal de Srinagar, não é permitido fazer às crianças certas perguntas sobre seus pais mortos.
d) The majority of the children in Srinagar’s main orphanage are under the age of 19.
• A maioria das crianças no orfanato principal de Srinagar tem menos de 19 anos.
e) Only Indian soldiers and Kashmiri separatists have died in Kashmir’s 19-year-old insurgency.
• Apenas soldados indianos e separatistas da Caxemira morreram na insurgência de 19 anos da Caxemira.
➽JUSTIFICATIVA:
►"[...] 'WHEN did you last see your father?' is not a question to ask many of the 350 children in Srinagar’s main orphanage. Over half are victims of Kashmir’s 19-year-old insurgency, having lost one or both parents to the war between Indian soldiers and separatists."
• QUANDO você viu seu pai pela última vez? não é uma pergunta a ser feita a muitas das 350 crianças do principal orfanato de Srinagar. Mais da metade são vítimas de 19 anos de idade, da insurgência na Caxemira, tendo perdido um ou ambos os pais na guerra entre soldados indianos e separatistas.
32 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the information in paragraph 2, how is Wasim Ahmed Bhatt probably different
from many other orphans in Kashmir?
(A) His parents are in fact alive.
(B) He knew how to speak English before coming to the orphanage.
(C) He is Hindu rather than Muslim.
(D) He doesn’t want to live outside the orphanage.
(E) He appears to be a little apathetic about Kashmir’s independence.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
According to the information in paragraph 2, how is Wasim Ahmed Bhatt probably different from many other orphans in Kashmir?
• De acordo com as informações do parágrafo 2, em que provavelmente Wasim Ahmed Bhatt difere de muitos outros órfãos na Caxemira?
(A) His parents are in fact alive.
• Seus pais estão de fato vivos.
(B) He knew how to speak English before coming to the orphanage.
• Ele sabia falar inglês antes de vir para o orfanato.
(C) He is Hindu rather than Muslim.
• Ele é mais hindu do que muçulmano.
(D) He doesn’t want to live outside the orphanage.
• Ele não quer viver fora do orfanato.
(E) He appears to be a little apathetic about Kashmir’s independence.
• Ele parece um pouco apático sobre a independência da Caxemira.
➽JUSTIFICATIVA:
►"[...] Wasim Ahmed Bhatt,16, is more forthcoming than most. His father, a member of a local Islamist outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was shot dead 14 years ago while on an operation against the army. After a long struggle to feed their three children, the dead man's widow deposited Wasim at the orphanage four years ago. There he has learnt English, which he wants to study at university. He says he has no interest in fighting for Kashmir's freedom – though many, if not all, orphans seem to favour independence..
• Wasim Ahmed Bhatt, 16 anos, é mais acessível do que a maioria. Seu pai, membro de uma organização islâmica local, Hizbul Mujahideen, foi morto a tiros há 14 anos, durante uma operação contra o exército. Depois de uma longa luta para alimentar os três filhos, a viúva do falecido depositou Wasim no orfanato há quatro anos. Lá ele aprendeu inglês, que deseja estudar na universidade. Ele diz que não tem interesse em lutar pela liberdade de Caxemira – embora muitos, se não todos, os órfãos pareçam ser a favor da independência.
33 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
The “cultural change” mentioned in paragraph 4 most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Because so many have died in the war in Kashmir, it has become necessary to build more
and more orphanages.
(B) Because so many have died in the war in Kashmir, there are simply not enough families
available to adopt orphans.
(C) Before the war in Kashmir began, a person would never have put his dead brother’s children
in an orphanage.
(D) Before the war in Kashmir began, it wasn’t considered a disgrace to be an orphan.
(E) The war in Kashmir has forced many parents to abandon their children.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
• A “mudança cultural” mencionada no parágrafo 4 provavelmente se refere a qual das seguintes opções?
(A) Because so many have died in the war in Kashmir, it has become necessary to build more and more orphanages.
• Como muitos morreram na guerra na Caxemira, tornou-se necessário construir mais e mais orfanatos.
(B) Because so many have died in the war in Kashmir, there are simply not enough families available to adopt orphans.
• Como muitos morreram na guerra na Caxemira, simplesmente não há famílias suficientes disponíveis para adotar órfãos.
(C) Before the war in Kashmir began, a person would never have put his dead brother’s children in an orphanage.
• Antes do início da guerra na Caxemira, uma pessoa nunca teria colocado os filhos de seu irmão morto em um orfanato.
(D) Before the war in Kashmir began, it wasn’t considered a disgrace to be an orphan.
• Antes do início da guerra na Caxemira, não era considerado uma vergonha ser órfão.
(E) The war in Kashmir has forced many parents to abandon their children.
• A guerra na Caxemira forçou muitos pais a abandonar seus filhos.
34 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the information in paragraph 5, what was unique about last year?
(A) Fewer people were killed than in any previous year of the war.
(B) The government finally confirmed the number of people killed.
(C) The number of war orphans reached its highest point.
(D) The Indian army killed fewer people than the Pakistani army did.
(E) For the first time, the number of war orphans decreased.
R E S P O S T A : A |
(A) Fewer people were killed than in any previous year of the war.
• Menos pessoas foram mortas do que em qualquer ano anterior da guerra.
(B) The government finally confirmed the number of people killed.
• O governo finalmente confirmou o número de pessoas mortas.
(C) The number of war orphans reached its highest point.
• O número de órfãos de guerra atingiu seu ponto mais alto.
(D) The Indian army killed fewer people than the Pakistani army did.
• O exército indiano matou menos pessoas do que o exército paquistanês.
(E) For the first time, the number of war orphans decreased.
• Pela primeira vez, o número de órfãos de guerra diminuiu.
35 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
Which of the following is most supported by information in the article?
(A) The main goal of Kashmiri separatists is to unite their state with Pakistan.
(B) A friendlier situation between India and Pakistan is one reason that the killing has
decreased in the war in Kashmir.
(C) Pakistan has never forgiven India for annexing Kashmir.
(D) The war in Kashmir is really a fight between Indian and Pakistani troops.
(E) The creation of an independent but neutral Kashmiri nation is the only way to end the war
there.
R E S P O S T A : B |
(A) The main goal of Kashmiri separatists is to unite their state with Pakistan.
• O principal objetivo dos separatistas da Caxemira é unir seu estado ao Paquistão.
(B) A friendlier situation between India and Pakistan is one reason that the killing has decreased in the war in Kashmir.
• Uma situação mais amistosa entre a Índia e o Paquistão é uma das razões pelas quais a matança diminuiu na guerra na Caxemira.
(C) Pakistan has never forgiven India for annexing Kashmir.
• O Paquistão nunca perdoou a Índia por anexar a Caxemira.
(D) The war in Kashmir is really a fight between Indian and Pakistani troops.
• A guerra na Caxemira é realmente uma luta entre as tropas indianas e paquistanesas.
(E) The creation of an independent but neutral Kashmiri nation is the only way to end the war there.
• A criação de uma nação da Caxemira independente, mas neutra, é a única maneira de acabar com a guerra lá.
36 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
In paragraph 6, “That” in “That is good news for Kashmiris” most likely refers to the fact that
(A) the war in Kashmir will soon end.
(B) there have recently been fewer terrorist attacks in the war in Kashmir.
(C) the Indian army will soon remove its soldiers from Kashmir.
(D) the Indian army has been acting less aggressively in Kashmir.
(E) Indian and Pakistani troops stationed in Kashmir have been working together to establish
peace.
R E S P O S T A : D |
Kashmiris"(Essas são boas notícias para os caxemires), provavelmente se refere ao fato de que...
(A) the war in Kashmir will soon end.
• a guerra na Caxemira logo terminará.
(B) there have recently been fewer terrorist attacks in the war in Kashmir.
• recentemente houve menos ataques terroristas na guerra na Caxemira.
(C) the Indian army will soon remove its soldiers from Kashmir.
• o exército indiano em breve removerá seus soldados da Caxemira.
(D) the Indian army has been acting less aggressively in Kashmir.
• o exército indiano tem agido de forma menos agressiva na Caxemira.
(E) Indian and Pakistani troops stationed in Kashmir have been working together to establish peace.
• As tropas indianas e paquistanesas estacionadas na Caxemira têm trabalhado juntas para estabelecer a paz.
37 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the information in paragraph 6, which of the following is most likely the specific
cause of the recent protest in Kashmir?
(A) The Indian government refused to allow Kashmir to become independent.
(B) Hindus from India launched an attack in Kashmiri territory.
(C) Kashmir’s state government gave some land to Hindus.
(D) The Indian government abolished Kashmir’s state government.
(E) Kashmir’s state government cancelled elections.
R E S P O S T A : C |
(A) The Indian government refused to allow Kashmir to become independent.
• O governo indiano recusou-se a permitir que a Caxemira se tornasse independente.
(B) Hindus from India launched an attack in Kashmiri territory.
• Hindus da Índia lançaram um ataque no território da Caxemira.
(C) Kashmir’s state government gave some land to Hindus.
• O governo do estado da Caxemira deu algumas terras aos hindus.
(D) The Indian government abolished Kashmir’s state government.
• O governo indiano aboliu o governo estadual da Caxemira.
(E) Kashmir’s state government cancelled elections.
• O governo do estado da Caxemira cancelou as eleições.
38 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the information in paragraph 6, which of the following is most likely the opinion of
Gazi Abdullah?
(A) He hates Hindu pilgrims because they killed his father.
(B) He believes that Hindus and Muslims should live together peacefully in Kashmir.
(C) He doesn’t care whether Kashmir becomes independent or not.
(D) He doesn’t want Hindus to come to Kashmir.
(E) He has forgiven the Indian army for killing his father.
R E S P O S T A : D |
(A) He hates Hindu pilgrims because they killed his father.
• Ele odeia os peregrinos hindus porque mataram seu pai.
(B) He believes that Hindus and Muslims should live together peacefully in Kashmir.
• Ele acredita que hindus e muçulmanos devem viver juntos pacificamente na Caxemira.
(C) He doesn’t care whether Kashmir becomes independent or not.
• Ele não se importa se Caxemira se torna independente ou não.
(D) He doesn’t want Hindus to come to Kashmir.
• Ele não quer que os hindus venham para a Caxemira.
(E) He has forgiven the Indian army for killing his father.
• Ele perdoou o exército indiano por matar seu pai.
❑ TEXTO 2:
The magic of the market
By Michael Mandelbaum
1 THE WORLDWIDE demand for democratic government in the modern era arose due to the
success of the countries practicing it. The United Kingdom in the nineteenth century and the
United States in the twentieth became militarily the most powerful and economically the most
prosperous sovereign states. The two belonged to the winning coalition in each of the three
global conflicts of the twentieth century: the two world wars and the Cold War. Their success
made an impression on others. Countries, like individuals, learn from what they observe. For
countries, as for individuals, success inspires imitation. The course of modern history made
democracy seem well worth emulating.
2
The desire for a democratic political system does not by itself create the capacity for
establishing one. The key to establishing a working democracy, and in particular the institutions
of liberty, has been the free-market economy. The institutions, skills, and values needed to
operate a free-market economy are those that, in the political sphere, constitute democracy.
Democracy spreads through the workings of the market when people apply the habits and
procedures they are already carrying out in one sector of social life (the economy) to another
one (the political arena). The market is to democracy what a grain of sand is to an oyster's pearl:
the core around which it forms.
3
The free market fosters democracy because private property, which is central to any market
economy, is itself a form of liberty. Moreover, a successfully functioning market economy makes
the citizens of the society in which it is established wealthier, and wealth implants democracy
by, among other things, subsidizing the kind of political participation that genuine democracy
requires. Many studies have found that the higher a country's per capita output, the more likely
that country is to protect liberty and choose its government through free and fair elections.
4
Perhaps most important, the free market generates the organizations and groups independent
of the government – businesses, trade unions, professional associations, clubs, and the like –
that are known collectively as civil society, which is itself indispensable to a democratic political
system. Private associations offer places of refuge from the state in which individuals can
pursue their interests free of government control. Civil society also helps to preserve liberty by
serving as a counterweight to the machinery of government. Popular sovereignty, the other half
of modern democratic government, also depends on elements of civil society that the free
market makes possible, notably political parties and interest groups.
Foreign Affairs – September/October, 2007
39 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the information in paragraph 1, the United Kingdom and the United States
(A) became democratic only after achieving military and economic success.
(B) have used their military power to impose democracy on other parts of the world.
(C) have become successful and prosperous through imperialism rather than through
democracy.
(D) rose to positions of wealth and power by avoiding international military conflicts.
(E) are examples of the military and economic benefits of democracy.
R E S P O S T A : E |
(A) became democratic only after achieving military and economic success.
• tornaram-se democráticos somente após alcançar o sucesso militar e econômico.
(B) have used their military power to impose democracy on other parts of the world.
• têm usado seu poder militar para impor a democracia em outras partes do mundo.
(C) have become successful and prosperous through imperialism rather than through democracy.
• tornaram-se bem-sucedidos e prósperos por meio do imperialismo e não da democracia.
(D) rose to positions of wealth and power by avoiding international military conflicts.
• ascenderam a posições de riqueza e poder evitando conflitos militares internacionais.
(E) are examples of the military and economic benefits of democracy.
• são exemplos dos benefícios militares e econômicos da democracia.
40 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
In paragraph 1, the sentence “For countries, as for individuals, success inspires imitation” most
likely means the same as which of the following?
(A) A successful country inspires its citizens.
(B) Both countries and people tend to copy the successful behavior and practices of others.
(C) Individual countries often look for models of success that can be imitated.
(D) For countries and individuals, the quickest and easiest way to success is through imitation.
(E) The people of one country often imitate the habits and customs of the people of other
countries.
R E S P O S T A : B |
(A) A successful country inspires its citizens.
• Um país de sucesso inspira seus cidadãos.
(B) Both countries and people tend to copy the successful behavior and practices of others.
• Tanto os países quanto as pessoas tendem a copiar o comportamento e as práticas bem-sucedidas de outros.
(C) Individual countries often look for models of success that can be imitated.
• Os países individuais freqüentemente procuram modelos de sucesso que possam ser imitados.
(D) For countries and individuals, the quickest and easiest way to success is through imitation.
• Para países e indivíduos, a maneira mais rápida e fácil de obter sucesso é por meio da imitação.
(E) The people of one country often imitate the habits and customs of the people of other countries.
• As pessoas de um país freqüentemente imitam os hábitos e costumes das pessoas de outros países.
41 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
In paragraph 2, the reasoning in the first sentence, “The desire for a democratic political system
does not by itself create the capacity for establishing one,” is probably best expressed by which
of the following?
(A) A good attitude is necessary for success.
(B) Success is an equal mixture of desire and ability.
(C) Just wanting something doesn’t give you the ability to get it.
(D) Desire creates opportunity.
(E) The desire to succeed is based on the ability to succeed.
R E S P O S T A : C |
(A) A good attitude is necessary for success.
• Uma boa atitude é necessária para o sucesso.
(B) Success is an equal mixture of desire and ability.
• O sucesso é uma mistura igual de desejo e habilidade.
(C) Just wanting something doesn’t give you the ability to get it.
• Apenas querer algo não lhe dá a capacidade de obtê-lo.
(D) Desire creates opportunity.
• O desejo cria oportunidades.
(E) The desire to succeed is based on the ability to succeed.
• O desejo de sucesso é baseado na capacidade de sucesso.
42 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) Factors that make a free-market economy work may also be successfully applied to the area
of democratic government and politics.
(B) In any country, democracy is a product of culture, not politics.
(C) Because a free-market economy is fundamentally honest, it cannot support a corrupt
government.
(D) If a country is already wealthy, it has no reason to establish a democratic political system.
(E) Not all countries want or need a free-market economy.
R E S P O S T A : A |
(A) Factors that make a free-market economy work may also be successfully applied to the area of democratic government and politics.
• Fatores que fazem uma economia de livre mercado funcionar também podem ser aplicados com sucesso à área de governo democrático e política.
(B) In any country, democracy is a product of culture, not politics.
• Em qualquer país, a democracia é um produto da cultura, não da política.
(C) Because a free-market economy is fundamentally honest, it cannot support a corrupt government.
• Como uma economia de livre mercado é fundamentalmente honesta, ela não pode apoiar um governo corrupto.
(D) If a country is already wealthy, it has no reason to establish a democratic political system.
• Se um país já é rico, não há razão para estabelecer um sistema político democrático.
(E) Not all countries want or need a free-market economy.
• Nem todos os países desejam ou precisam de uma economia de livre mercado.
43 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article,
(A) the United States developed its free-market economy by copying the United Kingdom’s
model.
(B) the richer the country, the more it will tend to be democratic.
(C) history shows that when democracy is established in a country, a free-market economy
inevitably follows.
(D) even state-run corporations are more lucrative in a free-market economy.
(E) democracy is the only political system that guarantees honest government.
R E S P O S T A : B |
(A) the United States developed its free-market economy by copying the United Kingdom’s model.
• os Estados Unidos desenvolveram sua economia de mercado ao copiar o modelo do Reino Unido.
(B) the richer the country, the more it will tend to be democratic.
• quanto mais rico o país, mais ele tenderá a ser democrático.
(C) history shows that when democracy is established in a country, a free-market economy inevitably follows.
• a história mostra que, quando a democracia é estabelecida em um país, inevitavelmente surge uma economia de livre mercado.
(D) even state-run corporations are more lucrative in a free-market economy.
• mesmo as empresas estatais são mais lucrativas em uma economia de livre mercado.
(E) democracy is the only political system that guarantees honest government.
• a democracia é o único sistema político que garante um governo honesto.
44 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
Which of the following does the author consider absolutely fundamental if a democratic
political system is to exist?
(A) A disciplined population.
(B) A rigid system of laws.
(C) A successful democratic country that can be imitated.
(D) Regularly scheduled elections.
(E) Civil society.
R E S P O S T A : E |
(A) A disciplined population.
• Uma população disciplinada.
(B) A rigid system of laws.
• Um sistema rígido de leis.
(C) A successful democratic country that can be imitated.
• Um país democrático de sucesso que pode ser imitado.
(D) Regularly scheduled elections.
• Eleições programadas regularmente.
(E) Civil society.
• Sociedade civil.
45 – (FGV/SP-2009-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-VESTIBULAR-1ºSEMESTRE)
Of the following items, which does the article not consider an important part of a healthy
working democracy?
(A) private property
(B) a relatively wealthy population
(C) strong governmental participation in civil society
(D) political parties
(E) a population that knows how to make a free-market economy work
R E S P O S T A : E |
(A) private property
• propriedade privada
(B) a relatively wealthy population
• uma população relativamente rica
(C) strong governmental participation in civil society
• forte participação governamental na sociedade civil
(D) political parties
• partidos políticos
(E) a population that knows how to make a free-market economy work
• uma população que sabe como fazer uma economia de livre mercado funcionar
