📝QUESTÕES DE MÚLTIPLA ESCOLHA
🔹20 Multiple Choice Questions | FIVE-Option Question |
❑ TEXT 1
ChatGPT May Be Eroding Critical Thinking Skills, According to a New MIT Study
“O ChatGPT pode estar corroendo habilidades de pensamento crítico, segundo um novo estudo do MIT.”
🧠 EXPRESSÕES IDIOMÁTICAS/FIXAS DESTACADAS:
🔹"May be" → Pode estar Indica possibilidade, não certeza — “pode estar” vem mostrar hipótese/risco.
🔹"Eroding" → Corroendo / Erodindo Transmite a ideia de algo sendo “gradualmente destruído” ou “consumido” — mais forte que “reduzir”.
🔹"Critical thinking skills" → Habilidades de pensamento crítico “Critical thinking” é uma expressão fixa que significa capacidade de analisar, questionar e formar julgamentos fundamentados.
🔹"MIT”(Massachusetts Institute of Technology) → Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts: Uma das universidades mais prestigiadas do mundo, focada em ciência, engenharia e tecnologia. Funciona como autoridade/instituição.
The study divided 54 subjects -18 to 39 year-olds from the Boston area - into three groups, and asked them to
write several SAT essays using OpenAl's ChatGPT, Google's search engine, and nothing at all, respectively.
Researchers used an (electroencephalogram) EEG to record the writers' brain activity across 32 regions, and found that of the
three groups, ChatGPT users had the lowest brain engagement and "consistently underperformed at neural, linguistic,
and behavioral levels."
Over the course of several months, ChatGPT users got lazier with each subsequent essay, often
resorting to copy-and-paste by the end of the study.
The paper suggests that the usage of (Large Language Model) LLMs could actually harm learning, especially for
younger users. The paper has not yet been peer reviewed, and its sample size is relatively small.
But its paper's main
author Nataliya Kosmyna felt it was important to release the findings to elevate concerns that as society increasingly
relies upon LLMs for immediate convenience, long-term brain development may be sacrificed in the process.
The group that wrote essays using ChatGPT all delivered extremely similar essays that lacked original thought,
relying on the same expressions and ideas.
Two English teachers who assessed the essays called them largely
"soulless."
The EEGs revealed low executive control and attentional engagement. And by their third essay, many of
the writers simply gave the prompt to ChatGPT and had it do almost all of the work.
"It was more like, 'just give me the
essay, refine this sentence, edit it, and I'm done," Kosmyna says.
The brain-only group, conversely, showed the highest neural connectivity, especially in alpha, theta and delta bands,
which are associated with creativity ideation, memory load, and semantic processing.
Researchers found this group
was more engaged and curious, and claimed ownership and expressed higher satisfaction with their essays.
The third group, which used Google Search, also expressed high satisfaction and active brain function.
The
difference here is notable because many people now search for information within Al chatbots as opposed to Google
Search.
After writing the three essays, the subjects were then asked to re-write one of their previous efforts-but the
ChatGPT group had to do so without the tool, while the brain-only group could now use ChatGPT.
The first group
remembered little of their own essays, and showed weaker alpha and theta brain waves, which likely reflected a
bypassing of deep memory processes.
The second group, in contrast, performed well, exhibiting a significant increase in brain connectivity across all EEG
frequency bands.
This gives rise to the hope that Al, if used properly, could enhance learning as opposed to diminishing
it.
🔗Adapted from: TIME in <https://time.com/7295195/ai-chatgpt-google-learning-school/> [Accessed on 15th July 2025].
❑ 21ª QUESTÃO - Which statement best summarizes the main concern raised by the study's lead author, Nataliya Kosmyna?
(A) Al models like ChatGPT are inaccurate and produce low-quality content.
(B) Reliance on LLMs for convenience may compromise long-term cognitive development.
(C) ChatGPT users tend to outperform others in academic writing.
(D) Traditional search engines are now obsolete compared to LLMs.
(E) The use of Al is harmful to learning.
💡 GABARITO B
🧩
❑ 22ª QUESTÃO – What pattern was observed in the group that used ChatGPT throughout the study?
(A) Increased creativity and memory performance over time.
(B) Decreased neural engagement and growing reliance on Al-generated content.
(C) Improvement in writing quality and satisfaction.
(D) Satisfactory neural engagement, despite the constant dependence on Al.
(E) Use of diverse vocabulary and writing styles.
💡 GABARITO B
🧩
❑ 23ª QUESTÃO – How did the essays written by the ChatGPT group compare to those written by the other groups, according to the
teachers?
(A) More detailed and emotionally expressive.
(B) Grammatically superior and well-structured.
(C) Homogeneous and lacking originality.
(D) Highly creative but less factual.
(E) Grammatically correct but without cohesion.
💡 GABARITO C
🧩
❑ 24ª QUESTÃO – Which neural frequency bands were most active in the brain-only group, indicating cognitive engagement?
(A) Beta and gamma bands.
(B) Alpha, theta and delta bands.
(C) Delta and gamma bands.
(D) Theta and beta bands.
(E) Alpha, tetha and gamma.
💡 GABARITO B
🧩
❑ 25ª QUESTÃO – What outcome followed when the ChatGPT group was asked to re-write an essay without using ChatGPT?
(A) Demonstrating improved neural activity and writing quality.
(B) Showing low recall and diminished brainwave activity.
(C) Relying more heavily on memory and creativity.
(D) Experiencing increased satisfaction with the new essay increased.
(E) Being practically unable to write.
💡 GABARITO B
🧩
❑ 26ª QUESTÃO – What distinguishes the Google Search group's results from those of the ChatGPT group?
(A) Having lower memory retention but higher writing quality.
(B) Producing essays with the lowest linguistic accuracy.
(C) Reporting high satisfaction and maintained active brain engagement.
(D) Not being included in the re-writing phase.
(E) Consistently outperforming the ChatGPT group in speed of writing.
💡 GABARITO C
🧩
❑ 27ª QUESTÃO – What did the EEG data suggest about ChatGPT users' executive control during essay writing?
(A) Being higher than that of the brain-only group.
(B) Declining over time, indicating reduced attentional engagement.
(C) Remaining stable across all three essays.
(D) Improving when they used Google Search as well.
(E) Matching that of the Google Search group.
💡 GABARITO B
🧩
❑ 28ª QUESTÃO –Based on the brain-only group's later use of ChatGPT, researchers expressed the following hope:
(A) Eliminating Al from education.
(B) Replacing traditional research tools LLMs.
(C) Enhancing learning through correct application of Al.
(D) Outperforming human-only writing in all cases.
(E) Eliminating the need for students to practice writing.
💡 GABARITO C
🧩
❑ 29ª QUESTÃO – Researchers highlighted the following main difference between using Google Search and Al chatbots for information
gathering:
(A) Google Search encourages more active brain engagement.
(B) Al chatbots provide more accurate factual information.
(C) Google Search eliminates the need for critical thinking.
(D) Al chatbots always produce more creative responses.
(E) Google Search reduces satisfaction with the final work.
💡 GABARITO A
🧩
❑ 30ª QUESTÃO – Why did the researchers mention the small sample size?
(A) Highlighting that the results are preliminary and should be interpreted cautiously.
(B) Showing that the study's conclusions are already universally accepted.
(C) Emphasizing that ChatGPT always decreases brain activity.
(D) Explaining why the brain-only group had better results.
(E) Proving that LLMs cannot be studied scientifically.
💡 GABARITO A
🧩
❑ TEXT 2
The Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Automotive Industry
“O impacto dos veículos elétricos na indústria automobilística.”
Looking at the environmental, economical, and political impact of electric vehicles.
“Analisando o impacto ambiental, econômico e político dos veículos elétricos.”
By Patrick Peterson of GoodCar
Electric vehicles (EVs) have had a remarkable glow-up in a relatively short period.
It wasn't so long ago that
public opinion labeled them as overpriced, inefficient options with poor mileage to boot.
However, rising climate concerns and the volatility of gas prices have pushed more people to refresh their
understanding of the technology.
While misinformation is rampant, people's faith in EVs has risen enough that
over 40 percent of Americans would seriously consider making the switch.
Growing interest pressures manufacturers to reorganize their supply chains with a stronger emphasis on EVs.
This sounds simple, but there are significant differences in EV development compared to gas-powered cars.
The longstanding dominance of gas-powered vehicles makes most people believe it was the only option up
until now. But that's wrong.
The idea of electric vehicles has been experimented with since the early 1800s.
Robert Anderson is credited for inventing the first electric vehicle.
The Scottish inventor used primary cells
(single-use batteries) to power a motor he fixed to a carriage. This idea for a "horseless carriage" was a pivotal
moment in history that gave future inventors a foundation to work on.
Jump to today, and EVs have skyrocketed in popularity.
They've proven to be a more sustainable option and
have a lower overall cost than gas-powered cars.
Opponents of adopting EVs argue that battery-powered vehicles aren't entirely emission-free. And they're
right.
Carbon emissions are created during the manufacturing process and when charging the battery.
This
is because fossil fuels are required to mine the minerals used in batteries and to generate the power used to
recharge them.
However, these emissions are substantially lower than those released by cars using an internal combustion
engine.
A study performed by MIT found that electric-powered cars created about 25 percent fewer carbon
emissions per mile than a gasoline alternative.
This study even assumed the cars were in less eco-friendly states.
When Washington was used as the
backdrop, the study reported that an EV would create 61 percent fewer emissions.
This is due to Washington
drawing a lot of its energy from hydropower.
Norway, Europe's biggest EV market, takes a similar approach.
Over half of Americans are willing to pay more for sustainably responsible products.
A comparable number of
citizens say the same thing about gasoline.
This support for greener brands shows the automotive industry how
the future will look.
Manufacturers' supply and production procedures must start adapting now to prepare for the future. There
are even various government incentives to make the process easier.
🔗Adapted from: unsustainable in <https://www.unsustainablemagazine.com/impact-of-electric-vehicles/> [Accessed on 9th July 2025].
❑ 31ª QUESTÃO – Mark the option that best captures the author's tone throughout the article:
(A) Sarcastic and dismissive.
(B) Informative and optimistic.
(C) Apologetic and uncertain.
(D) Critical and disapproving.
(E) Detached and indifferent.
💡 GABARITO B
🧩
❑ 32ª QUESTÃO – Mark the option that shows the most accurate meaning of the highlighted word in the sentence below: "Electric vehicles
(EVs) have had a remarkable glow-up in a relatively short period." (line 1)
(A) A dramatic improvement in appearance or status.
(B) An increase in heat or combustion.
(C) A gradual decline in popularity.
(D) A malfunction in the electric system.
(E) A government-funded promotional campaign.
💡 GABARITO A
🧩
❑ 33ª QUESTÃO – In the sentence "However, rising climate concerns and the volatility of gas prices have pushed more people to refresh
their understanding of the technology" (lines 3 and 4), the verb tense "have pushed" indicates:
(A) A hypothetical future action.
(B) A completed action in the past.
(C) A habitual action.
(D) A continuing influence from past to present.
(E) A conditional statement.
💡 GABARITO D
🧩
❑ 34ª QUESTÃO – According to the text, mark the option that most accurately reflects the relationship between public perception and
electric vehicle adoption:
(A) Public perception has remained unchanged despite technological advancements in EVs.
(B) Rising gas prices have had no impact on the perception of electric vehicles.
(C) An improved perception of EVs has directly influenced consumer interest and market demand.
(D) Americans still reject the idea of electric vehicles.
(E) The public's support for EVs stems mainly from government mandates.
💡 GABARITO C
🧩
❑ 35ª QUESTÃO –According to the text, mark the correct option about the role of geography in the environmental impact of EVs:
(A) Geography is irrelevant because EVs are globally standardized.
(B) Environmental impact is minimized in regions with cleaner energy sources.
(C) All regions produce the same emissions regardless of power source.
(D) EVs are only viable in urban environments.
(E) Energy policies in coastal regions are less effective.
💡 GABARITO B
🧩
❑ 36ª QUESTÃO – What is the closest meaning of the word "volatile" as used in the phrase "the volatility of gas prices" (line 3)?
(A) Predictable and routine.
(B) Steady and consistent.
(C) Environmentally friendly.
(D) Decreasing gradually over time.
(E) Unstable and unpredictable.
💡 GABARITO E
🧩
❑ 37ª QUESTÃO – In the statement "This support for greener brands shows the automotive industry how the future will look" (lines 26 and
27), what does the term "greener" most precisely imply?
(A) Brands associated with agticultural products.
(B) Companies that use green paint or branding.
(C) Businesses with minimal experience in the automotive field.
(D) Environmentally sustainable and eco-conscious businesses.
(E) Firms that use alternative currency for transactions.
💡 GABARITO D
🧩
❑ PARA AS QUESTÕES DE 38 A 40, RESPONDA DE ACORDO COМ О ТЕХТО 3 A SEGUIR.
❑ TEXT 3
A new "eye" may radically change how robots see
“Um novo ‘olho’ pode mudar radicalmente a forma como os robôs veem.”
The low-power robotics system LENS merges a brainlike sensor, a chip and an Al model
“O sistema robótico de baixo consumo LENS combina um sensor semelhante ao cérebro, um chip e um modelo de IA.”
By Kathryn Hulick
This hexapod robot recognizes its surroundings using a vision system that occupies less storage space than a single
photo on your phone.
Running the new system uses only 10 percent of the energy required by conventional location
systems, researchers report in the June Science Robotics.
Such a low-power 'eye' could be extremely useful for robots involved in space and undersea exploration, as well as
for drones or microrobots, such as those that examine the digestive tract, says roboticist Yulia Sandamirskaya of Zurich
University of Applied Sciences, who was not involved in the study.
The system, known as LENS, consists of a sensor, a chip and a super-tiny Al model to learn and remember location.
Key to the system is the chip and sensor combo, called Speck, a commercially available product from the company
SynSense. Speck's visual sensor operates "more like the human eye" and is more efficient than a camera, says study
coauthor Adam Hines, a bioroboticist at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia.
Cameras capture everything in their visual field many times per second, even if nothing changes. Mainstream Al
models excel at turning this huge pile of data into useful information.
But the combo of camera and Al guzzles power.
Determining location devours up to a third of a mobile robot's battery.
"It is, frankly, insane that we got used to using
cameras for robots," Sandamirskaya says.
In contrast, the human eye detects primarily changes as we move through an environment.
The brain then updates
the image of what we're seeing based on those changes. Similarly, each pixel of Speck's eyelike sensor "only wakes up
when it detects a change in brightness in the environment,"
Hines says, so it tends to capture important structures, like
edges.
The information from the sensor feeds into a computer processor with digital components that act like spiking
neurons in the brain, activating only as information arrives - a type of neuromorphic computing.
The sensor and chip work together with an Al model to process environmental data. The Al model developed by
Hines' team is fundamentally different from popular ones used for chatbots and the like.
It learns to recognize places
not from a huge pile of visual data but by analyzing edges and other key visual information coming from the sensor.
This combo of a neuromorphic sensor, processor and Al model gives LENS its low-power superpower.
"Radically
new, power-efficient solutions for... place recognition are needed, like LENS," Sandamirskaya says.
🔗Adapted from: ScienceNews in <https://www.sciencenews.org/article/robot-eye-artificial-intelligence-ai> [Accessed on 14th July 2025].
💡 GABARITO D
🧩
💡 GABARITO C
🧩
💡 GABARITO A
🧩
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