FGV/VESTIBULAR–EAESP–2024.2–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

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❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  FGV–Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo–2024.2–VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE-Aplicada em 09/06/2024.

https://vestibular.fgv.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | EATING FOR IMMUNITY | Natural History |
• Texto (2) – | MILEI’S VICTORY | the London Review of Books |
• Texto (3) – | IS POVERTY A CHOICE? | Quora |
• Texto (4) – | EMPEROR OF ROME | Prospect |
• Texto (5) – | Elon Musk & Starlink | https://www.nzz.ch |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO 1: Texto para as perguntas de 31 a 34.

EATING FOR IMMUNITY

By Brittany Steff

1     Eastern fence lizards live in dry pine forests, around houses and barns, and, as their name implies, along fences in most of the eastern states south of the Ohio River Valley [na fronteira do meio-oeste e sul dos EUA]. Their colors and patterning mimic wood and bark [casca de árvore], enabling them to hide from birds, their primary predators. But fire ants from South America are slowly moving northward in the United States and posing [representando] a new threat to the lizards, which are a source of food.

2     Ecologist Tracy Langkilde and colleagues in her laboratory at Pennsylvania State University have long studied fence lizard ecosystems and have found that the way fence lizards – individuals and populations – are responding to this new threat offers a fascinating look into a species’ response to rapid environmental change. An Eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) eating fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)

3     iThe fire ants attack the lizards,” said Catherine Tylan, the study’s lead author. “Where the fire ants live, fence lizards have shorter lifespans, and rougher lives. They have had to change how they react behaviorally to [this new] predator…their limbs have even changed to be longer so they can run faster.”

4     The research shows that, in areas rife [cheias] with fire ants, lizards have changed other defensive strategies. Rather than freezing to camouflage, they now thrash [mexem vigorosamente] their bodies and twitch [estremecem] their limbs before fleeing, much as a human would when attacked by a fire ant. And the lizards have started eating the ants.

5     Consuming fire ants, of course, eliminates those individuals from threatening again. But the research also indicates that eating fire ants stimulates lizard immune systems, making them more resistant to bites in the future. Tylan explained, “We see very clear differences in immune profiles between communities where the fire ants are present and where they’re absent. By eating the fire ants, the lizards may be helping themselves immunologically to defend against stings.”

• Adapted from Natural History, Dec.2022 – Jan.2023.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

EATING FOR IMMUNITY

COMER PARA IMUNIDADE

By Brittany Steff

[1º PARÁGRAFO]

Eastern fence lizards live in dry pine forests, around houses and barns, and, as their name implies, along fences in most of the eastern states south of the Ohio River Valley [na fronteira do meio-oeste e sul dos EUA].

Os lagartos de cerca oriental vivem em florestas secas de pinheiros, ao redor de casas e celeiros e, como o próprio nome indica, ao longo de cercas na maioria dos estados do leste ao sul do Vale do Rio Ohio [na fronteira do meio-oeste e sul dos EUA].

• "LIZARDS" –  lagartos.
• "DRY PINE FOREST" –  florestas secas de pinheiros.
• "BARNS" – celeiros.
• "THE EASTERN STATES" – Os estados do leste.

Their colors and patterning mimic wood and bark [casca de árvore], enabling them to hide from birds, their primary predators.

Suas cores e padrões imitam a madeira e a casca da árvore, permitindo-lhes se esconder dos pássaros, seus principais predadores.

• "TO MIMIC" - imitar, mimetizar, simular.
• "TO HIDE" - esconder, ocultar.
• "TO ENABLE" - habilitar, permitir, capacitar.

But fire ants from South America are slowly moving northward in the United States and posing [representando] a new threat to the lizards, which are a source of food.

Mas as formigas de fogo da América do Sul estão se movendo lentamente para o norte dos Estados Unidos e representando uma nova ameaça aos lagartos, que são uma fonte de alimento.

• "FIRE ANTS" - formigas de fogo.

[2º PARÁGRAFO]

Ecologist Tracy Langkilde and colleagues in her laboratory at Pennsylvania State University have long studied fence lizard ecosystems and have found that the way fence lizards – individuals and populations – are responding to this new threat offers a fascinating look into a species’ response to rapid environmental change.

A ecologista Tracy Langkilde e seus colegas em seu laboratório na Universidade Estadual da Pensilvânia estudam há muito tempo os ecossistemas de lagartos de cerca e descobriram que a forma como os lagartos de cerca – indivíduos e populações – estão respondendo a esta nova ameaça oferece uma visão fascinante da resposta de uma espécie às rápidas mudanças ambientais.

An Eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) eating fire ants (Solenopsis invicta)

Um lagarto de cerca oriental (Sceloporus undulatus) comendo formigas de fogo (Solenopsis invicta)

[3º PARÁGRAFO]

The fire ants attack the lizards,” said Catherine Tylan, the study’s lead author. “Where the fire ants live, fence lizards have shorter lifespans, and rougher lives. They have had to change how they react behaviorally to [this new] predator…their limbs have even changed to be longer so they can run faster.”

As formigas de fogo atacam os lagartos”, disse Catherine Tylan, principal autora do estudo. “Onde vivem as formigas de fogo, os lagartos de cerca têm expectativa de vida mais curta e vidas mais difíceis. Eles tiveram que mudar a forma como reagem comportamentalmente a [este novo] predador… seus membros até mudaram para serem mais longos para que pudessem correr mais rápido.”

[4º PARÁGRAFO]

The research shows that, in areas rife [cheias] with fire ants, lizards have changed other defensive strategies.

A pesquisa mostra que, em áreas repletas de formigas de fogo, os lagartos mudaram outras estratégias defensivas. 

Rather than freezing to camouflage, they now thrash [mexem vigorosamente] their bodies and twitch [estremecem] their limbs before fleeing, much as a human would when attacked by a fire ant.

Em vez de congelarem para se camuflar, eles agora se debatem [mexem vigorosamente] com seus corpos e contraem [estremecem] seus membros antes de fugir, da mesma forma que um humano faria quando atacado por uma formiga de fogo.

And the lizards have started eating the ants.

E os lagartos começaram a comer as formigas.

[5º PARÁGRAFO]

Consuming fire ants, of course, eliminates those individuals from threatening again.

Consumir formigas de fogo, é claro, evita que esses indivíduos sejam ameaçados novamente.

But the research also indicates that eating fire ants stimulates lizard immune systems, making them more resistant to bites in the future.

Mas a pesquisa também indica que comer formigas de fogo estimula o sistema imunológico dos lagartos, tornando-os mais resistentes a picadas no futuro.

Tylan explained, “We see very clear differences in immune profiles between communities where the fire ants are present and where they’re absent.

Tylan explicou: “Vemos diferenças muito claras nos perfis imunológicos entre as comunidades onde as formigas de fogo estão presentes e onde estão ausentes.

By eating the fire ants, the lizards may be helping themselves immunologically to defend against stings.”

Ao comer as formigas de fogo, os lagartos podem estar se ajudando imunologicamente na defesa contra as picadas.”

31 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to eastern fence lizards, the information in the article most likely supports which of the following?

(A) Birds that eat eastern fence lizards rarely eat fire ants.

(B) Predation by birds and fire ants may push the eastern fence lizard close to extinction.

(C) When South American fire ants first arrived in the U.S., they did not greatly affect the lives of most eastern fence lizards.

(D) Fire ants have slowly replaced birds as the greatest enemy of eastern fence lizards.

(E) Before South American fire ants arrived in the U.S., eastern fence lizards inhabited a much larger territory than they do now.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

With respect to eastern fence lizards, the information in the article most likely supports which of the following?

Com relação aos lagartos de cerca oriental, as informações no artigo provavelmente apoiam qual das afirmações a seguir?

(A) Birds that eat eastern fence lizards rarely eat fire ants.

Os pássaros que comem lagartos da cerca oriental raramente comem formigas de fogo.

(B) Predation by birds and fire ants may push the eastern fence lizard close to extinction.

A predação por pássaros e formigas de fogo pode levar o lagarto da cerca oriental à beira da extinção.

(C) When South American fire ants first arrived in the U.S., they did not greatly affect the lives of most eastern fence lizards.

Quando as formigas de fogo sul-americanas chegaram pela primeira vez aos EUA, elas não afetaram muito a vida da maioria dos lagartos das cercas orientais.

(D) Fire ants have slowly replaced birds as the greatest enemy of eastern fence lizards.

As formigas de fogo substituíram lentamente os pássaros como o maior inimigo dos lagartos das cercas orientais.

(E) Before South American fire ants arrived in the U.S., eastern fence lizards inhabited a much larger territory than they do now.

Antes de as formigas de fogo sul-americanas chegarem aos EUA, os lagartos das cercas orientais habitavam um território muito maior do que agora.

32 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, Catherine Tylan and her colleagues most likely believe that

(A) fire ants do not release venom when they are being eaten by eastern fence lizards.

(B) fire ant aggression has stimulated anatomical changes in some groups of eastern fence lizards.

(C) one great problem for eastern fence lizards is that fire ants are especially attracted to dry pine forests as a habitat.

(D) the defensive strategies that protect eastern fence lizards from birds attract the attention of fire ants.

(E) a fire ant attack that does not kill an eastern fence lizard will leave it permanently weakened.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

According to the information in the article, Catherine Tylan and her colleagues most likely believe that

De acordo com as informações do artigo, Catherine Tylan e seus colegas provavelmente acreditam que

(A) fire ants do not release venom when they are being eaten by eastern fence lizards.

as formigas de fogo não liberam veneno quando são comidas pelos lagartos da cerca oriental.

(B) fire ant aggression has stimulated anatomical changes in some groups of eastern fence lizards.

a agressão das formigas de fogo estimulou mudanças anatômicas em alguns grupos de lagartos de cerca oriental.

(C) one great problem for eastern fence lizards is that fire ants are especially attracted to dry pine forests as a habitat.

um grande problema para os lagartos de cerca oriental é que as formigas de fogo são especialmente atraídas pelas florestas secas de pinheiros como habitat.

(D) the defensive strategies that protect eastern fence lizards from birds attract the attention of fire ants.

as estratégias defensivas que protegem os lagartos da cerca oriental dos pássaros atraem a atenção das formigas de fogo.

(E) a fire ant attack that does not kill an eastern fence lizard will leave it permanently weakened.

um ataque de formiga de fogo que não mate um lagarto da cerca oriental o deixará permanentemente enfraquecido.

33 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 4, the phrase “…they now thrash their bodies and twitch their limbs” most likely describes

(A) a way that eastern fence lizards are apparently responding to rapid environmental change.

(B) a defensive strategy that only an eastern fence lizard will use when attacked by a fire ant.

(C) a new kind of lethal counterattack that eastern fence lizards employ against fire ants.

(D) how eastern fence lizards warn other eastern fence lizards of the presence of fire ants.

(E) the spasms of an eastern fence lizard fatally wounded by fire ants.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In paragraph 4, the phrase “…they now thrash their bodies and twitch their limbs” most likely describes

No parágrafo 4, a frase “…eles agora se debatem e contraem os membros” provavelmente descreve

(A) a way that eastern fence lizards are apparently responding to rapid environmental change.

uma forma como os lagartos das cercas orientais aparentemente estão respondendo às rápidas mudanças ambientais.

(B) a defensive strategy that only an eastern fence lizard will use when attacked by a fire ant.

uma estratégia defensiva que apenas um lagarto de cerca oriental usará quando atacado por uma formiga de fogo.

(C) a new kind of lethal counterattack that eastern fence lizards employ against fire ants.

um novo tipo de contra-ataque letal que os lagartos das cercas orientais empregam contra as formigas de fogo.

(D) how eastern fence lizards warn other eastern fence lizards of the presence of fire ants.

como os lagartos da cerca oriental alertam outros lagartos da cerca oriental sobre a presença de formigas de fogo.

(E) the spasms of an eastern fence lizard fatally wounded by fire ants.

os espasmos de um lagarto da cerca oriental mortalmente ferido por formigas de fogo.

34 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, the research performed by Tracy Langkilde and her colleagues most likely supports which of the following?

(A) There is currently no way to stop the northward migration of fire ants in the U.S.

(B) The antagonistic relationship between eastern fence lizards and fire ants is too new to provide conclusive scientific data.

(C) Because of fire ant predation, eastern fence lizards are evolving into two separate and distinct species.

(D) Eastern fence lizards have become the main source of food for fire ants.

(E) Even though fire ant venom can severely debilitate eastern fence lizards, they seem to protect their health by eating fire ants.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

According to the information in the article, the research performed by Tracy Langkilde and her colleagues most likely supports which of the following?

De acordo com as informações contidas no artigo, a pesquisa realizada por Tracy Langkilde e seus colegas provavelmente apoia qual das seguintes afirmações?

(A) There is currently no way to stop the northward migration of fire ants in the U.S.

Atualmente não há como impedir a migração de formigas de fogo para o norte nos EUA.

(B) The antagonistic relationship between eastern fence lizards and fire ants is too new to provide conclusive scientific data.

A relação antagônica entre os lagartos da cerca oriental e as formigas de fogo é muito nova para fornecer dados científicos conclusivos.

(C) Because of fire ant predation, eastern fence lizards are evolving into two separate and distinct species.

Devido à predação por formigas de fogo, os lagartos das cercas orientais estão evoluindo para duas espécies separadas e distintas.

(D) Eastern fence lizards have become the main source of food for fire ants.

Os lagartos das cercas orientais tornaram-se a principal fonte de alimento para as formigas de fogo.

(E) Even though fire ant venom can severely debilitate eastern fence lizards, they seem to protect their health by eating fire ants.

Embora o veneno das formigas de fogo possa debilitar gravemente os lagartos das cercas orientais, eles parecem proteger sua saúde comendo formigas de fogo.

❑ TEXTO 2: Texto para as perguntas de 35 a 37.

MILEI’S VICTORY

By Tony Wood

(Note: The following passage [trecho] was taken and adapted from an article that was completed on 1 December 2023, shortly after Javier Milei won Argentina’s presidential election.)

1     On 10 December, the far-right libertarian economist Javier Milei will take office as Argentina’s president. To say that his victory in November’s elections was a shock would be an understatement. A few months ago, people who thought that Milei might become the next occupant of the Casa Rosada, the presidential palace, were largely dismissed as delusional. Widely known as “El Loco” – the Madman – Milei became a TV personality in the mid-2010s, earning renown for his unhinged tirades [tiradas desequilibradas] against everything from feminism to climate change. He wants to legalize the carrying of guns, recriminalize abortion, and abolish Argentina’s Central Bank. A former sex guru and front man [líder e porta-voz] for a Rolling Stones cover band, the mop-haired [de cabelo desgrenhado] Milei has many well-known eccentricities. He claims to commune with his deceased dog though a spirit medium, and that four of the dogs he expensively cloned from the original pet offer him expert political and economic advice.

2     Yet considering that the left-wing Peronist party has been in power for sixteen of the last twenty years and has left Argentina in shambles [em frangalhos, em confusão], one doesn’t have to look far to find reasons why Milei defeated Sergio Massa by a huge margin (56 per cent of the vote to Massa’s 44) in the second round [segundo turno] of the election. As minister of the economy for the ruling Peronist coalition, Massa presided over an upward spiral of inflation, now at 143 percent, which has wreaked havoc [causou estragos] on most people’s capacity to make ends meet [fazer face às despesas]. Forty percent of the population are below the official poverty line; among those aged sixteen and under, the figure is 57 percent.

3     Moreover, the support of the established center-right and right-wing parties was another critical factor in Milei’s success. Mauricio Macri, who served as a center-right president from 2015 to 2019, was openly in favor of Milei’s candidacy. In a radio interview on 27 October, Macri used a hair-raising [arrepiante] analogy to describe the options facing Argentina in the November run-off [segundo (último) turno]. “You’re driving at 100 [km per hour], you’re going to hit a wall and you know that you’ll die, so you throw yourself from the car.” For Macri, a Peronist victory was the wall and voting for Milei was the last-ditch dive [a última oportunidade para se jogar] onto the asphalt. “Will you survive?” he asked. “I don’t know, but you have a chance, right?”

4     On 19 November, Argentinians opted to throw themselves out of the moving car.

• Adapted from the London Review of Books, December 14, 2023.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:

MILEI’S VICTORY

A VITÓRIA DE MILEI

By Tony Wood

(Note: The following passage [trecho] was taken and adapted from an article that was completed on 1 December 2023, shortly after Javier Milei won Argentina’s presidential election.)

(Nota: a seguinte passagem [trecho] foi retirada e adaptada de um artigo concluído em 1º de dezembro de 2023, logo após Javier Milei vencer as eleições presidenciais da Argentina.)

[1º PARÁGRAFO]

On 10 December, the far-right libertarian economist Javier Milei will take office as Argentina’s president. To say that his victory in November’s elections was a shock would be an understatement. A few months ago, people who thought that Milei might become the next occupant of the Casa Rosada, the presidential palace, were largely dismissed as delusional. Widely known as “El Loco” – the Madman – Milei became a TV personality in the mid-2010s, earning renown for his unhinged tirades [tiradas desequilibradas] against everything from feminism to climate change. He wants to legalize the carrying of guns, recriminalize abortion, and abolish Argentina’s Central Bank. A former sex guru and front man [líder e porta-voz] for a Rolling Stones cover band, the mop-haired [de cabelo desgrenhado] Milei has many well-known eccentricities. He claims to commune with his deceased dog though a spirit medium, and that four of the dogs he expensively cloned from the original pet offer him expert political and economic advice.

No dia 10 de dezembro, o economista libertário de extrema direita Javier Milei tomará posse como presidente da Argentina. Dizer que a sua vitória nas eleições de Novembro foi um choque seria um eufemismo. Há alguns meses, as pessoas que pensavam que Milei poderia se tornar a próxima ocupante da Casa Rosada, o palácio presidencial, foram em grande parte rejeitadas como delirantes. Amplamente conhecido como “El Loco” – o Louco – Milei tornou-se uma personalidade televisiva em meados da década de 2010, ganhando fama pelas suas tiradas desequilibradas contra tudo, desde o feminismo às alterações climáticas. Quer legalizar o porte de armas, recriminalizar o aborto e abolir o Banco Central da Argentina. Ex-guru do sexo e vocalista [líder e porta-voz] de uma banda cover dos Rolling Stones, o loiro [de cabelo desgrenhado] Milei tem muitas excentricidades conhecidas. Ele afirma comungar com seu cão falecido por meio de um médium espírita, e que quatro dos cães que ele clonou do animal de estimação original lhe oferecem conselhos políticos e econômicos especializados.

[2º PARÁGRAFO]

Yet considering that the left-wing Peronist party has been in power for sixteen of the last twenty years and has left Argentina in shambles [em frangalhos, em confusão], one doesn’t have to look far to find reasons why Milei defeated Sergio Massa by a huge margin (56 per cent of the vote to Massa’s 44) in the second round [segundo turno] of the election. As minister of the economy for the ruling Peronist coalition, Massa presided over an upward spiral of inflation, now at 143 percent, which has wreaked havoc [causou estragos] on most people’s capacity to make ends meet [fazer face às despesas]. Forty percent of the population are below the official poverty line; among those aged sixteen and under, the figure is 57 percent.

No entanto, considerando que o partido peronista de esquerda esteve no poder durante dezesseis dos últimos vinte anos e deixou a Argentina em frangalhos [em frangalhos, em confusão], não é preciso ir muito longe para encontrar as razões pelas quais Milei derrotou Sergio Massa. por uma margem enorme (56 por cento dos votos contra 44 de Massa) no segundo turno [segundo turno] da eleição. Como ministro da Economia da coligação peronista no poder, Massa presidiu a uma espiral ascendente de inflação, agora em 143 por cento, que causou estragos [causou estragos] na capacidade da maioria das pessoas de fazer face às despesas [fazer face às despesas]. Quarenta por cento da população está abaixo da linha oficial da pobreza; entre aqueles com dezesseis anos ou menos, o número é de 57%.

[3º PARÁGRAFO]

Moreover, the support of the established center-right and right-wing parties was another critical factor in Milei’s success. Mauricio Macri, who served as a center-right president from 2015 to 2019, was openly in favor of Milei’s candidacy. In a radio interview on 27 October, Macri used a hair-raising [arrepiante] analogy to describe the options facing Argentina in the November run-off [segundo (último) turno]. “You’re driving at 100 [km per hour], you’re going to hit a wall and you know that you’ll die, so you throw yourself from the car.” For Macri, a Peronist victory was the wall and voting for Milei was the last-ditch dive [a última oportunidade para se jogar] onto the asphalt. “Will you survive?” he asked. “I don’t know, but you have a chance, right?”

Além disso, o apoio dos partidos de centro-direita e de direita estabelecidos foi outro factor crítico no sucesso de Milei. Mauricio Macri, que foi presidente de centro-direita de 2015 a 2019, foi abertamente a favor da candidatura de Milei. Numa entrevista de rádio em 27 de outubro, Macri usou uma analogia de arrepiar os cabelos para descrever as opções que a Argentina enfrenta no segundo turno de novembro. “Você está dirigindo a 100 [km por hora], vai bater em uma parede e sabe que vai morrer, então se joga do carro.” Para Macri, uma vitória peronista foi o muro e votar em Milei foi o último mergulho [a última oportunidade para se jogar] no asfalto. “Você sobreviverá?” ele perguntou. “Eu não sei, mas você tem uma chance, certo?”

[4º PARÁGRAFO]

On 19 November, Argentinians opted to throw themselves out of the moving car.

No dia 19 de novembro, os argentinos optaram por se atirar para fora do carro em movimento.

35 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the passage?

(A) Javier Milei’s victory in Argentina’s presidential election was the most surprising result in the history of Argentinean politics.

(B) Despite his nickname of “El Loco,” Javier Milei has in fact earned the respect and admiration of a majority of Argentineans.

(C) Most Argentinean voters have never heard the stories about Javier Milei’s dogs, and those who have heard the stories don’t believe them.

(D) Despite Javier Milei’s promise, as president of Argentina he will not have the power to abolish that country’s Central Bank.

(E) At one point, many Argentineans believed that people who thought “El Loco” could win the presidential election possessed a seriously distorted sense of reality.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the passage?

Qual das alternativas a seguir é mais apoiada pelas informações da passagem?

(A) Javier Milei’s victory in Argentina’s presidential election was the most surprising result in the history of Argentinean politics.

A vitória de Javier Milei nas eleições presidenciais da Argentina foi o resultado mais surpreendente na história da política argentina.

(B) Despite his nickname of “El Loco,” Javier Milei has in fact earned the respect and admiration of a majority of Argentineans.

Apesar do apelido de “El Loco”, Javier Milei conquistou de fato o respeito e a admiração da maioria dos argentinos.

(C) Most Argentinean voters have never heard the stories about Javier Milei’s dogs, and those who have heard the stories don’t believe them.

A maioria dos eleitores argentinos nunca ouviu as histórias sobre os cães de Javier Milei, e aqueles que ouviram as histórias não acreditam nelas.

(D) Despite Javier Milei’s promise, as president of Argentina he will not have the power to abolish that country’s Central Bank.

Apesar da promessa de Javier Milei, como presidente da Argentina ele não terá o poder de abolir o Banco Central daquele país.

(E) At one point, many Argentineans believed that people who thought “El Loco” could win the presidential election possessed a seriously distorted sense of reality.

A certa altura, muitos argentinos acreditaram que as pessoas que pensavam que “El Loco” poderia vencer as eleições presidenciais possuíam um sentido de realidade seriamente distorcido.

36 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the passage, which of the following is most likely a reason that Sergio Massa lost the election?

(A) Javier Milei has better economic advisors.

(B) The Peronist coalition was so incompetent and unpredictable that no one had any idea of what to expect from a Massa government.

(C) The Peronist coalition was not just incompetent, it was also astonishingly corrupt.

(D) During Sergio Massa’s time as minister of the economy, children and young people especially suffered.

(E) Sergio Massa’s time as minister of the economy coincided with the worst period of inflation in Argentina’s history.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

According to the information in the passage, which of the following is most likely a reason that Sergio Massa lost the election?

De acordo com as informações do trecho, qual das alternativas a seguir é mais provavelmente a razão pela qual Sergio Massa perdeu a eleição?

(A) Javier Milei has better economic advisors.

Javier Milei tem melhores conselheiros econômicos.

(B) The Peronist coalition was so incompetent and unpredictable that no one had any idea of what to expect from a Massa government.

A coligação peronista era tão incompetente e imprevisível que ninguém tinha ideia do que esperar de um governo Massa.

(C) The Peronist coalition was not just incompetent, it was also astonishingly corrupt.

A coligação peronista não era apenas incompetente, era também surpreendentemente corrupta.

(D) During Sergio Massa’s time as minister of the economy, children and young people especially suffered.

Durante o mandato de Sergio Massa como ministro da economia, as crianças e os jovens sofreram especialmente.

(E) Sergio Massa’s time as minister of the economy coincided with the worst period of inflation in Argentina’s history.

A gestão de Sergio Massa como ministro da economia coincidiu com o pior período de inflação da história da Argentina.

37 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following most likely best describes Mauricio Macri’s endorsement of Javier Milei’s presidential campaign, as quoted in the last paragraph?

(A) It was a way of explaining to voters that “If you run, the animal gets you; if you stay, the animal eats you.”

(B) In a figurative manner, it was an appeal to common sense.

(C) It was a case of the tail wagging the dog.

(D) It was a self-interested message from a politician hoping to manipulate a group of credulous voters.

(E) It was nothing more than one politician’s expression of his own sense of despair and frustration. 

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Which of the following most likely best describes Mauricio Macri’s endorsement of Javier Milei’s presidential campaign, as quoted in the last paragraph?

Qual das seguintes opções descreve melhor o apoio de Mauricio Macri à campanha presidencial de Javier Milei, conforme citado no último parágrafo?

(A) It was a way of explaining to voters that “If you run, the animal gets you; if you stay, the animal eats you.”

Foi uma forma de explicar aos eleitores que “Se você concorrer, o animal te pega; se você ficar, o animal te come.”

(B) In a figurative manner, it was an appeal to common sense.

De forma figurada, foi um apelo ao bom senso.

(C) It was a case of the tail wagging the dog.

Foi o caso do rabo abanando o cachorro.

(D) It was a self-interested message from a politician hoping to manipulate a group of credulous voters.

Foi uma mensagem de interesse próprio de um político que esperava manipular um grupo de eleitores crédulos.

(E) It was nothing more than one politician’s expression of his own sense of despair and frustration.

Não foi nada mais do que a expressão de um político do seu próprio sentimento de desespero e frustração. 

❑ TEXTO 3: Texto para as perguntas de 38 a 40.

IS POVERTY A CHOICE?

By Jean-Marie Valheur

1     A sad little historical fact? The oldest man ever to be executed by hanging [por enforcamento] in the United Kingdom was a man named Samuel Crowther. He was 71 years old.

2     Crowther was an elderly shoemaker who couldn’t make ends meet [fazer face às despesas]. He went into the garden of a man named John Willis, to take some fruit from one of his trees. Willis spotted the elderly thief and confronted him.

3     In the ensuing struggle, the elderly fruit thief pulled out a knife, fatally [com a morte como resultado] stabbing Willis. Crowther was caught the very same morning and sentenced to hang [condenado à forca]. His only daughter testified against him. It was the year 1888 and Crowther was lame [manco], frail [fraco] and had to walk to the gallows [a forca] assisted by a cane. He didn’t have a choice… he worked until he couldn’t anymore. Then he stole food, and he was willing to die for some apples.

4     I cannot imagine the point where one is willing to die for some fruit as being much of a “choice.” Rather, I would say it’s a choice forced upon people by desperation. I’m allergic to the reasoning that people choose to be poor… almost no one does. Cruel fate decides for most of us and many people never make it out of the dark hole they’re in, no matter how hard they try and no matter how hard they work.

• Adapted from Quora, March 3, 2024.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 3: 

IS POVERTY A CHOICE?

A POBREZA É UMA ESCOLHA?

By Jean-Marie Valheur

[1º PARÁGRAFO]

A sad little historical fact? The oldest man ever to be executed by hanging [por enforcamento] in the United Kingdom was a man named Samuel Crowther. He was 71 years old.

Um pequeno fato histórico triste? O homem mais velho a ser executado por enforcamento no Reino Unido foi um homem chamado Samuel Crowther. Ele tinha 71 anos.

[2º PARÁGRAFO]

Crowther was an elderly shoemaker who couldn’t make ends meet [fazer face às despesas]. He went into the garden of a man named John Willis, to take some fruit from one of his trees.

Crowther era um sapateiro idoso que não conseguia sobreviver [fazer face às despesas]. Ele foi ao jardim de um homem chamado John Willis para colher alguns frutos de uma de suas árvores.

Willis spotted the elderly thief and confronted him.

Willis avistou o ladrão idoso e o confrontou.

[3º PARÁGRAFO]

In the ensuing struggle, the elderly fruit thief pulled out a knife, fatally [com a morte como resultado] stabbing Willis.

Na luta que se seguiu, o idoso ladrão de frutas sacou uma faca e esfaqueou Willis fatalmente [com a morte como resultado].

Crowther was caught the very same morning and sentenced to hang [condenado à forca].

Crowther foi preso na mesma manhã e condenado à forca [condenado à força].

His only daughter testified against him.

Sua única filha testemunhou contra ele.

It was the year 1888 and Crowther was lame [manco], frail [fraco] and had to walk to the gallows [a forca] assisted by a cane.

Corria o ano de 1888 e Crowther era coxo [manco], frágil [fraco] e teve que caminhar até a forca [a forca] auxiliado por uma bengala.

He didn’t have a choice… he worked until he couldn’t anymore.

Ele não teve escolha... trabalhou até não poder mais. 

Then he stole food, and he was willing to die for some apples.

Então ele roubou comida e estava disposto a morrer por algumas maçãs.

[4º PARÁGRAFO]

I cannot imagine the point where one is willing to die for some fruit as being much of a “choice.”

Não consigo imaginar o ponto em que alguém está disposto a morrer por alguma fruta como sendo uma “escolha”.

Rather, I would say it’s a choice forced upon people by desperation.

Em vez disso, eu diria que é uma escolha imposta às pessoas pelo desespero. 

I’m allergic to the reasoning that people choose to be poor… almost no one does.

Sou alérgico ao raciocínio de que as pessoas escolhem ser pobres... quase ninguém o faz.

Cruel fate decides for most of us and many people never make it out of the dark hole they’re in, no matter how hard they try and no matter how hard they work.

O destino cruel decide para a maioria de nós e muitas pessoas nunca conseguem sair do buraco escuro em que estão, não importa o quanto tentem e não importa o quanto trabalhem.

• Adapted from Quora, March 3, 2024.

38 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article most likely supports which of the following?

(A) While Samuel Crowther may not have chosen poverty, he did make the decisions to steal from and defend himself against John Willis.

(B) While Samuel Crowther may not have chosen poverty, some of his early decisions made poverty inevitable.

(C) When Samuel Crowther entered John Willis’s garden, it was the first time in his life that he had been forced to steal to survive.

(D) John Willis was obviously a younger, stronger man who intended to hurt Samuel Crowther.

(E) The story of Samuel Crowther shows that, for the United Kingdom’s working class in those days, old age inevitably meant poverty.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

The information in the article most likely supports which of the following?

(A) While Samuel Crowther may not have chosen poverty, he did make the decisions to steal from and defend himself against John Willis.

Embora Samuel Crowther possa não ter escolhido a pobreza, ele tomou a decisão de roubar e se defender de John Willis.

(B) While Samuel Crowther may not have chosen poverty, some of his early decisions made poverty inevitable.

Embora Samuel Crowther possa não ter escolhido a pobreza, algumas das suas primeiras decisões tornaram a pobreza inevitável.

(C) When Samuel Crowther entered John Willis’s garden, it was the first time in his life that he had been forced to steal to survive.

Quando Samuel Crowther entrou no jardim de John Willis, foi a primeira vez em sua vida que ele foi forçado a roubar para sobreviver.

(D) John Willis was obviously a younger, stronger man who intended to hurt Samuel Crowther.

ohn Willis era obviamente um homem mais jovem e mais forte que pretendia machucar Samuel Crowther.

(E) The story of Samuel Crowther shows that, for the United Kingdom’s working class in those days, old age inevitably meant poverty.

A história de Samuel Crowther mostra que, para a classe trabalhadora do Reino Unido naqueles dias, a velhice significava inevitavelmente pobreza.

39 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article most likely supports all of the following except

(A) Samuel Crowther’s execution set a kind of record.

(B) Samuel Crowther’s only daughter was forced to testify against him.

(C) either through strength, ability, or chance, Samuel Crowther killed a man.

(D) Samuel Crowther would have continued working as a shoemaker if he could have.

(E) in the United Kingdom in those days, neither old age nor hunger would necessarily protect you in a court of law.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

The information in the article most likely supports all of the following except

As informações no artigo provavelmente apoiam todos os itens a seguir, exceto

(A) Samuel Crowther’s execution set a kind of record.

A execução de Samuel Crowther estabeleceu uma espécie de recorde.

(B) Samuel Crowther’s only daughter was forced to testify against him.

A única filha de Samuel Crowther foi forçada a testemunhar contra ele.

(C) either through strength, ability, or chance, Samuel Crowther killed a man.

por força, habilidade ou acaso, Samuel Crowther matou um homem.

(D) Samuel Crowther would have continued working as a shoemaker if he could have.

Samuel Crowther teria continuado trabalhando como sapateiro se pudesse.

(E) in the United Kingdom in those days, neither old age nor hunger would necessarily protect you in a court of law.

no Reino Unido, naquela época, nem a velhice nem a fome o protegeriam necessariamente num tribunal.

40 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In the last paragraph, when the author writes that he is “allergic,” he is most likely referring to his

(A) instinctive opposition to the death penalty, no matter what the crime.

(B) instinctive belief that if Samuel Crowther had been rich, he would not have been hanged.

(C) natural, unchanging contempt for the idea that most poor people want to live in poverty.

(D) complete refusal to see poverty as the inevitable result of laziness and immorality.

(E) automatic rejection of cruel, superficial explanations for the existence of intractable problems.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In the last paragraph, when the author writes that he is “allergic,” he is most likely referring to his

No último parágrafo, quando o autor escreve que é “alérgico”, provavelmente está se referindo ao seu

(A) instinctive opposition to the death penalty, no matter what the crime.

oposição instintiva à pena de morte, qualquer que seja o crime.

(B) instinctive belief that if Samuel Crowther had been rich, he would not have been hanged.

crença instintiva de que se Samuel Crowther fosse rico, não teria sido enforcado.

(C) natural, unchanging contempt for the idea that most poor people want to live in poverty.

desprezo natural e imutável pela ideia de que a maioria das pessoas pobres quer viver na pobreza.

(D) complete refusal to see poverty as the inevitable result of laziness and immorality.

recusa total em ver a pobreza como o resultado inevitável da preguiça e da imoralidade.

(E) automatic rejection of cruel, superficial explanations for the existence of intractable problems.

rejeição automática de explicações cruéis e superficiais para a existência de problemas intratáveis.

❑ TEXTO 4: Texto para as perguntas 41 e 42.

EMPEROR OF ROME

1     There have been many fine books about the Romans this year, including Tom Holland’s Pax and Peter Stothard’s Palatine, but Mary Beard’s Emperor of Rome still stands out.

2     Which emperor is it about? Ah, but that is the point. Beard is not examining a single person but the role itself: who was this figure, what was expected of him, and what judgments can we cast now? In exploring these questions, she draws not just on a career’s worth of classical-historical knowledge, but on a career’s worth of thinking about how classical history itself – with its truths, lies, and unknowns – should be approached. The result could be a manifesto for the discipline’s future.

• Adapted from Prospect – Winter Special2024, January/February 2024.

❑ TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO 4: 

EMPEROR OF ROME

IMPERADOR DE ROMA

[1º PARÁGRAFO]

There have been many fine books about the Romans this year, including Tom Holland’s Pax and Peter Stothard’s Palatine, but Mary Beard’s Emperor of Rome still stands out.

Houve muitos livros excelentes sobre os romanos este ano, incluindo Pax, de Tom Holland, e Palatino, de Peter Stothard, mas o Imperador de Roma, de Mary Beard, ainda se destaca.

[2º PARÁGRAFO]

Which emperor is it about? Ah, but that is the point.

De qual imperador se trata? Ah, mas esse é o ponto.

Beard is not examining a single person but the role itself: who was this figure, what was expected of him, and what judgments can we cast now?

Beard não está examinando uma única pessoa, mas o próprio papel: quem era essa figura, o que se esperava dele e que julgamentos podemos fazer agora? 

In exploring these questions, she draws not just on a career’s worth of classical-historical knowledge, but on a career’s worth of thinking about how classical history itself – with its truths, lies, and unknowns – should be approached.

Ao explorar estas questões, ela baseia-se não apenas no conhecimento histórico clássico de uma carreira, mas também no pensamento de uma carreira sobre como a própria história clássica – com as suas verdades, mentiras e incógnitas – deve ser abordada.

The result could be a manifesto for the discipline’s future.

O resultado poderá ser um manifesto para o futuro da disciplina.

• Adapted from Prospect – Winter Special2024, January/February 2024.

41 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 2, the sentence “Ah, but that is the point” most likely is

(A) an indirect way of proclaiming that Emperor of Rome is the best of the three Roman history books mentioned in paragraph 1.

(B) a way of emphasizing that Emperor of Rome is a biography of not one but several key Roman emperors.

(C) an ironic comment on a biography of an unknown Roman emperor.

(D) a way of presenting the fact that Emperor of Rome is not about any particular Roman emperor.

(E) a way of suggesting that a Roman emperor’s role was always changing because of circumstances and the nature of the man who occupied the position.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In paragraph 2, the sentence “Ah, but that is the point” most likely is

No parágrafo 2, a frase “Ah, mas esse é o ponto” provavelmente é

(A) an indirect way of proclaiming that Emperor of Rome is the best of the three Roman history books mentioned in paragraph 1.

uma forma indireta de proclamar que o Imperador de Roma é o melhor dos três livros de história romana mencionados no parágrafo 1.

(B) a way of emphasizing that Emperor of Rome is a biography of not one but several key Roman emperors.

uma forma de enfatizar que Imperador de Roma é uma biografia não de um, mas de vários imperadores romanos importantes.

(C) an ironic comment on a biography of an unknown Roman emperor.

um comentário irônico sobre a biografia de um imperador romano desconhecido.

(D) a way of presenting the fact that Emperor of Rome is not about any particular Roman emperor.

uma forma de apresentar o fato de que Imperador de Roma não se trata de nenhum imperador romano em particular.

(E) a way of suggesting that a Roman emperor’s role was always changing because of circumstances and the nature of the man who occupied the position.

Numa forma de sugerir que o papel de um imperador romano estava sempre mudando devido às circunstâncias e à natureza do homem que ocupava o cargo.

42 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to Mary Beard, the information most likely supports which of the following?

(A) With Emperor of Rome, she was more interested in examining a certain historical activity and its ramifications than in offering a biography of any one man who performed that activity.

(B) She wrote Emperor of Rome to be the crowning achievement of her long career as a historian.

(C) Ironically, to write Emperor of Rome, she abandoned the “Great Man” theory of history and concentrated on culture and political economics.

(D) In Emperor of Rome, she warns of the danger of using modern concepts to judge ancient societies.

(E) In writing Emperor of Rome, she established what is now considered the only truly practical method for the study of classical antiquity.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

With respect to Mary Beard, the information most likely supports which of the following?

No que diz respeito a Mary Beard, as informações provavelmente apoiam qual das seguintes afirmações?

(A) With Emperor of Rome, she was more interested in examining a certain historical activity and its ramifications than in offering a biography of any one man who performed that activity.

Com o Imperador de Roma, ela estava mais interessada em examinar uma determinada atividade histórica e as suas ramificações do que em oferecer uma biografia de qualquer homem que desempenhasse essa atividade.

(B) She wrote Emperor of Rome to be the crowning achievement of her long career as a historian.

Ela escreveu Imperador de Roma para ser o coroamento de sua longa carreira como historiadora.

(C) Ironically, to write Emperor of Rome, she abandoned the “Great Man” theory of history and concentrated on culture and political economics.

Ironicamente, para escrever Imperador de Roma, ela abandonou a teoria da história do “Grande Homem” e concentrou-se na cultura e na economia política.

(D) In Emperor of Rome, she warns of the danger of using modern concepts to judge ancient societies.

Em Imperador de Roma, ela alerta para o perigo de usar conceitos modernos para julgar sociedades antigas.

(E) In writing Emperor of Rome, she established what is now considered the only truly practical method for the study of classical antiquity.

Ao escrever ao Imperador de Roma, ela estabeleceu o que hoje é considerado o único método verdadeiramente prático para o estudo da antiguidade clássica.

❑ TEXTO 5: Texto para as perguntas de 43 a 45.

ELON MUSK & STARLINK

By Gioia da Silva

1     For years, countries including China, North Korea and Iran have censored or even blocked local access to the internet, seeking to shield their citizens from uncontrolled information. But that may soon become considerably harder.

2     Elon Musk’s Starlink firm is currently developing a satellite-based service that will provide 4G internet access to ordinary cellphones, without any need for a bulky satellite dish. The offer is expected to launch as early as next year. In theory, this would allow virtually anyone, almost anywhere in the world, to access the open internet using a regular smartphone.

3     Up to now, however, it remains far from clear whether Musk will enable this service for citizens of countries such as Iran or North Korea. His business interests in China would make that a difficult step there, too. But the power to switch on such uncensored internet access at a whim [por capricho] will make the owner of SpaceX, Tesla and X (formerly Twitter) a geopolitical force to be reckoned with [a ter em conta] – even more than he already is today.

4     Tech billionaire Elon Musk controls more than half of all the active satellites circling the planet. That means approximately 5,300 active Starlink satellites are currently flying in what are known as low Earth orbits, i.e., at an altitude of around 550 kilometers from the Earth.

5     SpaceX has been launching satellites into space almost weekly since 2019. They are racing around the earth at a speed of 27,000 kilometers per hour, or around 10 times faster than a bullet. Musk’s Starlink service will soon be able to connect normal smartphones to the open internet. Starlink is therefore years ahead of the competition. No other company will be able to achieve anything comparable in the foreseeable future. Such vast technological capacity and expertise should make a dictator or two nervous.

• Adapted from NZZ – Global Report, March 8, 2024.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 5: 

ELON MUSK & STARLINK

By Gioia da Silva

[1º PARÁGRAFO]

For years, countries including China, North Korea and Iran have censored or even blocked local access to the internet, seeking to shield their citizens from uncontrolled information.

Durante anos, países como a China, a Coreia do Norte e o Irão censuraram ou mesmo bloquearam o acesso local à Internet, procurando proteger os seus cidadãos de informações não controladas.

But that may soon become considerably harder.

Mas isso poderá em breve tornar-se consideravelmente mais difícil.

[2º PARÁGRAFO]

Elon Musk’s Starlink firm is currently developing a satellite-based service that will provide 4G internet access to ordinary cellphones, without any need for a bulky satellite dish.

A empresa Starlink de Elon Musk está atualmente desenvolvendo um serviço baseado em satélite que fornecerá acesso à Internet 4G para celulares comuns, sem a necessidade de uma antena parabólica volumosa. 

The offer is expected to launch as early as next year.

A oferta deverá ser lançada já no próximo ano.

In theory, this would allow virtually anyone, almost anywhere in the world, to access the open internet using a regular smartphone.

Em teoria, isso permitiria que praticamente qualquer pessoa, em quase qualquer lugar do mundo, acessasse a Internet aberta usando um smartphone comum.

[3º PARÁGRAFO]

Up to now, however, it remains far from clear whether Musk will enable this service for citizens of countries such as Iran or North Korea.

Até agora, no entanto, ainda não está claro se Musk irá permitir este serviço para cidadãos de países como o Irão ou a Coreia do Norte.

His business interests in China would make that a difficult step there, too.

Os seus interesses comerciais na China também tornariam esse passo difícil. 

But the power to switch on such uncensored internet access at a whim [por capricho] will make the owner of SpaceX, Tesla and X (formerly Twitter) a geopolitical force to be reckoned with [a ter em conta] – even more than he already is today.

Mas o poder de ativar esse acesso sem censura à Internet por capricho [por capricho] fará do proprietário da SpaceX, Tesla e X (antigo Twitter) uma força geopolítica a ter em conta [a ter em conta] – ainda mais do que já é hoje.

[4º PARÁGRAFO]

Tech billionaire Elon Musk controls more than half of all the active satellites circling the planet.

O bilionário da tecnologia Elon Musk controla mais da metade de todos os satélites ativos que orbitam o planeta.

https://www.nzz.ch

That means approximately 5,300 active Starlink satellites are currently flying in what are known as low Earth orbits, i.e., at an altitude of around 550 kilometers from the Earth.

Isso significa que aproximadamente 5.300 satélites Starlink ativos estão atualmente voando nas chamadas órbitas baixas da Terra, ou seja, a uma altitude de cerca de 550 km da Terra.

• 5,300 active Starlink satellites - 5.300 satélites Starlink ativos.

[5º PARÁGRAFO]

SpaceX has been launching satellites into space almost weekly since 2019.

A SpaceX vem lançando satélites ao espaço quase semanalmente desde 2019.

They are racing around the earth at a speed of 27,000 kilometers per hour, or around 10 times faster than a bullet.

Eles correm ao redor da Terra a uma velocidade de 27.000 quilômetros por hora, ou cerca de 10 vezes mais rápido que uma bala.

Musk’s Starlink service will soon be able to connect normal smartphones to the open internet.

O serviço Starlink de Musk em breve será capaz de conectar smartphones normais à Internet aberta. 

Starlink is therefore years ahead of the competition.

A Starlink está, portanto, anos à frente da concorrência.

No other company will be able to achieve anything comparable in the foreseeable future.

Nenhuma outra empresa será capaz de alcançar algo comparável num futuro próximo. 

Such vast technological capacity and expertise should make a dictator or two nervous.

Essa vasta capacidade tecnológica e conhecimento deveriam deixar um ou dois ditadores nervosos.

• Adapted from NZZ – Global Report, March 8, 2024.

43 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

With respect to China, North Korea, and Iran, which of the following is most likely not supported by the information in the article?

(A) Their respective governments have been maintaining a longstanding public policy that may soon become unviable.

(B) Their respective governments may soon need to confront a new technology against which they currently have no adequate defense.

(C) Of those three countries’ governments, that of China may especially have a way of avoiding problems with the new Starlink service.

(D) So far, none of their respective governments have an immediate need to react forcefully against the new Starlink service.

(E) If applied effectively in those countries, the new Starlink service will make their respective governments inoperable.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

With respect to China, North Korea, and Iran, which of the following is most likely not supported by the information in the article?

No que diz respeito à China, à Coreia do Norte e ao Irã, qual das seguintes afirmações provavelmente não é apoiada pelas informações contidas no artigo?

(A) Their respective governments have been maintaining a longstanding public policy that may soon become unviable.

Os seus respectivos governos vêm mantendo uma política pública de longa data que poderá em breve tornar-se inviável.

(B) Their respective governments may soon need to confront a new technology against which they currently have no adequate defense.

Os seus respectivos governos poderão em breve ter de enfrentar uma nova tecnologia contra a qual atualmente não têm defesa adequada.

(C) Of those three countries’ governments, that of China may especially have a way of avoiding problems with the new Starlink service.

Dos governos desses três países, o da China pode especialmente ter uma forma de evitar problemas com o novo serviço Starlink.

(D) So far, none of their respective governments have an immediate need to react forcefully against the new Starlink service.

Até agora, nenhum dos seus respectivos governos tem necessidade imediata de reagir vigorosamente contra o novo serviço Starlink.

(E) If applied effectively in those countries, the new Starlink service will make their respective governments inoperable.

Se aplicado de forma eficaz nesses países, o novo serviço Starlink tornará os seus respectivos governos inoperantes.

44 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

If the Starlink service is in fact launched successfully worldwide, the information in the article most likely gives the idea that

(A) democratic countries will become stronger and more stable.

(B) dictatorships will be forced to become more violent and repressive.

(C) certain dictatorial governments might try to hide that fact.

(D) satellite-dish technology will become worthless in both democratic and authoritarian countries.

(E) the dissemination of fake news in authoritarian countries will come to an end.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

If the Starlink service is in fact launched successfully worldwide, the information in the article most likely gives the idea that

Se o serviço Starlink for de fato lançado com sucesso em todo o mundo, as informações do artigo provavelmente dão a ideia de que

(A) democratic countries will become stronger and more stable.

os países democráticos tornar-se-ão mais fortes e mais estáveis.

(B) dictatorships will be forced to become more violent and repressive.

as ditaduras serão forçadas a tornar-se mais violentas e repressivas.

(C) certain dictatorial governments might try to hide that fact.

certos governos ditatoriais podem tentar esconder esse fato.

(D) satellite-dish technology will become worthless in both democratic and authoritarian countries.

a tecnologia das antenas parabólicas tornar-se-á inútil tanto nos países democráticos como nos autoritários.

(E) the dissemination of fake news in authoritarian countries will come to an end.

a disseminação de notícias falsas em países autoritários chegará ao fim.

45 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-2º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

(A) Theoretically, it is impossible to hit a Starlink satellite with a bullet fired from a normal gun.

(B) Because of the Starlink service, Elon Musk will become a driving force in the politics of North Korea and Iran.

(C) The Starlink service can only function if the Starlink satellites remain in low Earth orbits.

(D) It is possible that the countries of China, North Korea, and Iran will have the Starlink service whether their respective governments want it or not.

(E) From a business standpoint, Elon Musk may soon need to develop even further his Starlink service technology.   

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

Qual das alternativas a seguir é mais apoiada pelas informações do artigo?

(A) Theoretically, it is impossible to hit a Starlink satellite with a bullet fired from a normal gun.

Teoricamente, é impossível atingir um satélite Starlink com uma bala disparada de uma arma normal.

(B) Because of the Starlink service, Elon Musk will become a driving force in the politics of North Korea and Iran.

Por causa do serviço Starlink, Elon Musk se tornará uma força motriz na política da Coreia do Norte e do Irã.

(C) The Starlink service can only function if the Starlink satellites remain in low Earth orbits.

O serviço Starlink só pode funcionar se os satélites Starlink permanecerem em órbitas baixas da Terra.

(D) It is possible that the countries of China, North Korea, and Iran will have the Starlink service whether their respective governments want it or not.

É possível que os países da China, Coreia do Norte e Irã tenham o serviço Starlink, quer os seus respectivos governos o queiram ou não.

(E) From a business standpoint, Elon Musk may soon need to develop even further his Starlink service technology.

Do ponto de vista empresarial, Elon Musk poderá em breve precisar desenvolver ainda mais sua tecnologia de serviço Starlink.

 teste