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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• EFOMM-2001-PS-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE:
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 25 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
PROVA
01 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
He’s able to tell you anything about _____ works.
(A) Shakespeare’
(B) Shakespeare
(C) Shakespeare’s
(D) a Shakespeare
(E) Shakespeares’
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - CASO POSSESSIVO :
He’s able to tell you anything about Shakespeare’s works.
Ele é capaz de lhe contar qualquer coisa sobre as obras de Shakespeare.
(A) Shakespeare’
(B) Shakespeare
(C) Shakespeare’s
(D) a Shakespeare
(E) Shakespeares’
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• Shakespeare's other plays. Outras peças de Shakespeare.
• Shakespeare's performances. Apresentações de Shakespeare
• Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Romeu e Julieta de Shakespeare.
➽DICAS:
(1) Para formar o possessivo, adicione um apóstrofo ' + "s" ao substantivo. Caso o substantivo seja plural ou termine em "s", basta apenas adicionar um apóstrofo ' após o "s".
(2) Para nomes terminados em "s", você pode adicionar um apóstrofo ' + "s" ou somente um apóstrofo. A primeira opção é mais comum. Quanto à pronúncia, adicionamos um som de /z/ ao final do nome.
02 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
I _____ in the park every morning when I was a child.
(A) walk
(B) had walked
(C) have walked
(D) am walking
(E) used to walk
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - CASO POSSESSIVO :
I used to walk in the park every morning when I was a child.
Eu costumava passear no parque todas as manhãs quando era criança.
(A) walk
(B) had walked
(C) have walked
(D) am walking
(E) used to walk
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• I don't drink these days, but I used to. Não bebo hoje em dia, mas eu costumava beber.
• She used to go swimming every day. Ela costumava nadar todos os dias.
• She used to love dancing, but she doesn't do it any more. Ela adorava dançar, mas não faz mais isso.
➽ USED TO – A depender do contexto. "used to" pode ser adjetivo com o significado de "accustomed to" (acostumado com) ou VERBO AUXILIAR com o sentido de "costumava fazer algo no passado e que no presente não mais faz."
03 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
We are looking forward to _____ news from them.
(A) receive
(B) receives
(C) receiving
(D) received
(E) will receive
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - LOOK FORWARD TO DOING SOMETHING :
We are looking forward to receiving news from them.
Estamos ansiosos para receber notícias deles.
(A) receive
(B) receives
(C) receiving
(D) received
(E) will receive
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• I’m really looking forward to our vacation. Estou realmente ansioso por nossas férias.
• I'm looking forward to receiving my salary. Não vejo a hora de receber meu salário.
• I look forward to a new job. Estou ansioso por um novo emprego.
• Your mother is looking forward to seeing you. Sua mãe está ansiosa para te ver.
➽"LOOK FORWARD TO SOMETHING" ou "LOOK FORWARD TO DOING SOMETHING" – ESPERAR ANSIOSO, ESPERAR FAZER ALGO, ESTAR ANIMADO COM ALGO QUE VAI ACONTECER.
04 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
She did not tell me the truth. She _____ to me.
(A) lie
(B) lain
(C) lay
(D) laid
(E) lied
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - TO LIE (LIE, LIED, LIED, LYING) :
She did not tell me the truth. She lied to me.
Ela não me contou a verdade. Ela MENTIU para mim.
(A) lie
(B) lain
(C) lay
(D) laid
(E) lied
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• Promise me you'll never lie to me again. Prometa-me que nunca mais mentirá para mim.
• You lied to me about your lunch hour. Você mentiu para mim sobre sua hora de almoço.
• I look forward to a new job. Estou ansioso por um novo emprego.
➽DICAS:
(1)Tempo verbal contextual = Simple Past ( She did not tell...).
(2) "TO LIE (lie, lied, lied)(verbo regular) – MENTIR, dizer deliberadamente a alguém algo que não é verdade.
(3) "TO LIE TO SOMEONE" ou "TO LIE ABOUT SOMETHING".
05 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
A: “Would you like some more whiskey?”
B: “No, thanks. I _____ a lot.”
(A) have already drunk
(B) have already drank
(C) already drink
(D) has already drunk
(E) have already drinking
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - PRESENT PERFECT & TO DRINK (drink, drank, drunk) :
A: “Would you like some more whiskey?”
Você gostaria de mais uísque?
B: “No, thanks. I have already drunk a lot.”
Não, obrigado. Já bebi muito.
(A) have already drunk
(B) have already drank
(C) already drink
(D) has already drunk
(E) have already drinking
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• Hey man, tonight I have already drunk much wine. Ei cara, esta noite eu já bebi muito vinho.
➽DICAS:
(1) Tempo verbal contextual = Present Perfect (ações que começaram no passado, mas continuam ou repercutem no presente).
(2) "PRESENT PERFECT" – formada com o auxiliar "HAVE/HAS" mais o Past Participle do verbo principal.
• https://pt.bab.la/verbo/ingles/drink
06 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
My grandpa was so upset that he couldn’t help _____.
(A) to complaining
(B) complain
(C) complains
(D) complaining
(E) complained
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - COULDN'T HELP DOING SOMETHING ou CAN'T HELP DOING SOMETHING :
My grandpa was so upset that he couldn’t help complaining.
Meu avô ficou tão chateado que não pôde deixar de reclamar.
(A) to complaining
(B) complain
(C) complains
(D) complaining
(E) complained
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• I couldn’t help being late today. Não tive como evitar o atraso de hoje.
• I can’t help thinking about you. Não consigo parar de pensar em você.
• Excuse me, but I couldn’t help overhearing what you were saying. Com licença, mas não tive como evitar de ouvir o que você estava dizendo.
➽ "CANNOT HELP DOING SOMETHING": “não consigo evitar”, “não consigo resistir”, “não consigo parar de fazer algo”. “não consigo deixar de fazer algo”.
07 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
She stopped _____ cigarettes. Her doctor told her that she was very
sick.
(A) smoking
(B) to smoke
(C) of smoking
(D) smoke
(E) by smoking
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - TO STOP DOING SOMETHING" – PARAR DE FAZER ALGO :
She stopped smoking cigarettes. Her doctor told her that she was very sick.
Ela parou de fumar cigarros. O médico dela disse que ela estava muito doente.
(A) smoking
(B) to smoke
(C) of smoking
(D) smoke
(E) by smoking
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• Please, stop talking! Por favor pare de falar!
• I couldn’t stop myself laughing. Eu não conseguia parar de rir.
• He stopped his complaining. Ele parou de reclamar.
• I stopped seeing him last year. Parei de vê-lo no ano passado.
• Apparently she's stopped drinking. Aparentemente ela parou de beber.
08 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
The passive form of “They expected him to arrive at night” is:
(A) He is expected to arrive at night.
(B) They are expected to arrive at night.
(C) He expected to arrive at night.
(D) He was expected to arrive at night.
(E) They were expected to arrive at night.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - PASSIVE VOICE = TO BE(flexionado) + Past Participle :
The passive form of “They expected him to arrive at night” is:
(A) He is expected to arrive at night.
(B) They are expected to arrive at night.
(C) He expected to arrive at night.
(D) He was expected to arrive at night.
(E) They were expected to arrive at night.
➽DICAS GRAMATICAIS:
(1) Tempo verbal PERMANECE → SIMPLE PAST.
(2) O "objeto"(him) da ativa passa ser "sujeito"(he) na passiva.
09 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
A: What’s wrong with your sister?
B: She’s uptight because she’s _____ of money.
(A) let go
(B) run out
(C) brought down
(D) gone over
(E) get out
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - "TO RUN OUT OF" – FICAR SEM, ACABAR, EXPIRAR :
A: What’s wrong with your sister?
O que há de errado com sua irmã?
B: She’s uptight because she’s run out of money.
Ela está tensa porque está sem dinheiro.
(A) let go
(B) run out
(C) brought down
(D) gone over
(E) get out
10 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
“Somebody opened the door”.
(A) The door was opened.
(B) The door opens.
(C) The door is open.
(D) The door open.
(E) The open door.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - PASSIVE VOICE = TO BE(flexionado) + Past Participle :
“Somebody opened the door”.
(A) The door was opened.
(B) The door opens.
(C) The door is open.
(D) The door open.
(E) The open door.
➽DICAS GRAMATICAIS:
(1) Tempo verbal PERMANECE → SIMPLE PAST.
(2) O "objeto"(the door) da ativa passa ser "sujeito"(the door) na passiva.
11 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
“A lot of people want to go to the Olympics, and only so many tickets
are available. So to keep everybody happy, you sometimes have to stretch the definition of
sport. This, no doubt, is how the Greeks came up with the pole vault. And this
year offers a bounty of stupid sports to mollify the masses.”
(By Joel Stein -
This is Sport? / Time. Latin American Edition / September 11, 2000)
In the excerpt the underlined phrasal verb means:
(A) realized
(B) invented
(C) recollected
(D) got rid of
(E) picked up
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - PHRASAL VERB = TO COME UP WITH SOMETHING (INVENTAR ALGO) :
“A lot of people want to go to the Olympics, and only so many tickets are available. So to keep everybody happy, you sometimes have to stretch the definition of sport. This, no doubt, is how the Greeks came up with the pole vault. And this year offers a bounty of stupid sports to mollify the masses.”
Muitas pessoas querem ir aos Jogos Olímpicos, mas os bilhetes são limitados. Por isso, para manter toda a gente satisfeita, por vezes é preciso alargar a definição de esporte. Foi assim, sem dúvida, que os gregos INVENTARAM o salto com vara. E este ano há uma abundância de esportes estúpidos para apaziguar as massas.
➽ In the excerpt the underlined phrasal verb means:
No trecho o phrasal verb sublinhado significa:
(a) realized – REALIZARAM
(b) invented
(c) recollected
(d) got rid of
(e) picked up
➽POLE VAULT /'poʊl ˌvɑːlt/ - Salto com vara.
12 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
The mechanic _____ the truck.
(A) got me fix to
(B) got me fix
(C) got me to fix to
(D) to get me fix
(E) got me to fix
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - GET SOMEONE TO DO SOMETHING (CONVENCER/PERSUADIR ALGUÉM A FAZER ALGO) :
The mechanic got me to fix the truck.
O mecânico CONVENCEU-ME para consertar o caminhão.
(A) got me fix to
(B) got me fix
(C) got me to fix to
(D) to get me fix
(E) got me to fix
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• Just get him to sign on the dotted line. "Basta fazer com que ele assine na linha pontilhada
• I'll get them to send it to you right away. Vou pedir que enviem para você imediatamente.
13 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
The crook _____ the bank and _____ the lady’s watch.
(A) rob / rob
(B) robbed / robbed
(C) robbed / stole
(D) stole / robbed
(E) steals / stole
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - TO ROB (rob, robbed, robbed) vs TO STEAL (steal, stole, stolen) :
The crook robbed the bank and stole the lady’s watch.
O bandido robou o banco e roubou/levou o relógio da senhora.
(A) rob / rob
(B) robbed / robbed
(C) robbed / stole
(D) stole / robbed
(E) steals / stole
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• I was robbed. Eu fui roubado.
• People are robbed. As pessoas são roubadas.
• The bank was robbed. O banco foi roubado.
• Our local post office was robbed. Nosso correio local foi roubado.
• Money was stolen. O dinheiro foi roubado/levado.
• Someone stole my phone. Alguém roubou/levou meu telefone.
• Our car was stolen. Nosso carro foi roubado/levado.
➽DICA:
❑ TO ROB A PERSON or TO ROB A PLACE (a bank, a building, a gas station, etc ).
❑ TO STEAL OBJECT (money, watch, car, etc ).
14 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
“Why is your partner uptight?”
“I guess she’s not used to _____ harshly.”
(A) being spoken to
(B) being spoke to
(C) be spoke to
(D) be spoked to
(E) be speaking to
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - BE/GET USED TO (É sempre seguido por um substantivo, frase nominal ou verbo + ing) – Refere ao presente, a um hábito existente OU reflete o processo de se habituar a algo:
“Why is your partner uptight?”
Por que seu parceira está tensa?
“I guess she is not used to being spoken to harshly.”
Acho que ela não está acostumada a ser tratada com severidade.
(A) being spoken to
(B) being spoke to
(C) be spoke to
(D) be spoked to
(E) be speaking to
➽OUTROS EXEMPLOS:
• I'm used to living alone. Estou acostumado a morar sozinho.
• I'm used to riding a bike. Estou acostumado a andar de bicicleta.
• I'm getting used to waking up early. Estou me acostumando a acordar cedo.
➽VOCABULÁRIO:
15 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
“Poor guy! He hasn’t said an intelligible word since his nervous
breakdown. He _____.”
(A) cajoles
(B) drawls
(C) chews the fat
(D) babbles
(E) nibbles
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - TO BABBLE – BALBUCIAR:
“Poor guy! He hasn’t said an intelligible word since his nervous breakdown. He babbles.”
Pobre rapaz! Ele não disse uma palavra inteligível desde seu colapso nervoso. Ele BALBUCIA.
(A) cajoles BAJULA/PERSUADE.
(B) drawls FALA ARRASTADO/FALA DEVAGAR.
(C) chews the fat MASTIGA A GORDURA
(D) babbles BALBUCIA/PRONUNCIA SONS SEM NEXO.
(E) nibbles MORDISCA.
❑ TO BABBLE – BALBUCIAR, falar ou dizer algo de forma rápida, confusa, ou boba.
16 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
The word that does not form the superlative in the same way as “craziest”
in “We are the craziest people in the world. We celebrate our tragedies. What
victory, what freedom are they talking about?”
(Unemployed
schoolteacher Stojan Pontovski / Newsweek -April 3, 2000)
(A) far
(B) little
(C) clever
(D) lovely
(E) common
Comentários e Gabarito A/B
TÓPICO - SUPERLATIVO :
A palavra que não forma o superlativo da mesma forma que "craziest" em
“We are the craziest people in the world. We celebrate our tragedies. What victory, what freedom are they talking about?”
Somos as pessoas mais loucas do mundo. Celebramos nossas tragédias. De que vitória, de que liberdade eles estão falando?
(A) far (farthest)
(B) little (least)
(C) clever (cleverest)
(D) lovely (loveliest)
(E) common (commonest)
➽Adjetivos superlativos irregulares:
Little (pequeno) – Least (O menos)
Good (bom) – Best (O melhor)
Bad (mau) – Worst (O pior)
Far (longe) – Farthest (O mais longe)
Much (muito) – most (A maioria)
17 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
In “It should come as no surprise that two women who train on the beaches
of Rio de Janeiro are expected to dominate an Olympic sport known as much for its sun-and-surf
atmosphere and itty-bitty uniforms as for the spikes and serves of competition.”
(Time - Latin American
Edition / September 11, 2000)
The underlined adjective means:
(A) extremely small
(B) extremely cheap
(C) extremely expensive
(D) very tight
(E) very comfortable
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO :
“It should come as no surprise that two women who train on the beaches of Rio de Janeiro are expected to dominate an Olympic sport known as much for its sun-and-surf atmosphere and itty-bitty uniforms as for the spikes and serves of competition.”
Não deveria ser surpresa que duas mulheres que treinam nas praias do Rio de Janeiro devam dominar um esporte olímpico conhecido tanto por sua atmosfera de sol e surfe e uniformes minúsculos quanto pelos picos e saques da competição.
The underlined adjective means:
(A) extremely small extremamente pequeno
(B) extremely cheap extremamente barato
(C) extremely expensive extremamente caro
(D) very tight muito apertado
(E) very comfortable muito confortável
❑ ITSY-BITSY (also ITTY-BITTY) – MUITO PEQUENO, EXTREMAMENTE PEQUENO, MINÚSCULO.
18 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
Choose the best prepositions to complete the text below:
“Even the most experienced investors _____ us could be forgiven _____
finding it difficult to keep pace _____ the speed _____ innovation and diversification
_____ this market. In deciding which of these products and services are
appropriate for our own needs ...”
(Newsweek April 3,
2000)
(A) between - about - with - of - on
(B) between - for - with - in - on
(C) among - about - of - on - in
(D) among - for - of - in - on
(E) among - for - with - of – in
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - USO DE PREPOSIÇÕES :
“Even the most experienced investors among us could be forgiven for finding it difficult to keep pace with the speed of innovation and diversification in this market. In deciding which of these products and services are appropriate for our own needs ...”
Mesmo os investidores mais experientes podem ser perdoados por terem dificuldade em acompanhar a velocidade da inovação e da diversificação neste mercado. Ao decidir quais destes produtos e serviços são adequados às nossas próprias necessidades ...
❑ AMONG - usado para falar sobre uma determinada pessoa, coisa ou grupo como pertencente a um grupo maior.
❑ FORGIVE SOMEONE FOR SOMETHING – PERDOAR ALGUÉM POR ALGO.
❑ KEEP PACE WITH SOMETHING/SOMEBODY – ACOMPANHAR ALGO/ALGUÉM.
• www.ldoceonline.com
19 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
A: We have been waiting for you for over an hour.
B: The traffic was heavy; _____ I would have been here half an hour
before.
(A) however
(B) thus
(C) nevertheless
(D) otherwise
(E) anyway
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - DISCOURSE MARKERS :
A: We have been waiting for you for over an hour.
Estamos à sua espera há mais de uma hora.
B: The traffic was heavy; otherwise I would have been here half an hour before.
O trânsito estava intenso; caso contrário, eu teria chegado meia hora antes.
(A) however
(B) thus
(C) nevertheless
(D) otherwise
(E) anyway
❑ OTHERWISE – CONTRÁRIO, FORA ISSO, SENÃO, SOB OUTRAS CIRCUNSTÂNCIAS – Usado em contexto para indicar qual seria o resultado se algo não tivesse acontecido ou se a situação fosse diferente.
20 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
“She won’t object to not being invited” means:
(A) They wouldn’t invite her unless she didn’t object.
(B) She wishes they would invite her.
(C) Although she won’t object, they invited her.
(D) She doesn’t care about being invited or not.
(E) She could object not to be invited.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - TO OBJECT = fazer objeções, opor-se :
“She won’t object to not being invited” means:
Ela não vai se opor, a não ser convidada.
(A) They wouldn’t invite her unless she didn’t object.
Eles não a convidariam se ela não se opusesse.
(B) She wishes they would invite her.
Ela gostaria que eles a convidassem.
(C) Although she won’t object, they invited her.
Embora ela não se oponha, eles convidaram-na.
(D) She doesn’t care about being invited or not.
Ela não se importa com o fato de ser convidada ou não.
(E) She could object not to be invited.
Ela poderia opor-se a não ser convidada.
21 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL-MARINHA MERCANTE)
Seat belt laws were introduced _____ traffic fatalities would be reduced.
a) then
b) when
c) so that
d) as if
e) so as to
👍 Gabarito E
❑ Seat belt laws were introduced so as to traffic fatalities would be reduced.
❑ As leis do cinto de segurança foram introduzidas para reduzir as mortes no trânsito.
22 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
Today, “carpet” refers to floor covering that reaches from wall to wall, _____ “rug” refers to a piece of material that covers only one section of the floor.
a) therefore
b) whereas
c) in as much as
d) among
e) despite of
👍 Gabarito B
❑ Today, “carpet” refers to floor covering that reaches from wall to wall, whereas “rug” refers to a piece of material that covers only one section of the floor.
❑ Atualmente, "carpet" refere-se ao revestimento do chão que vai de parede a parede, enquanto "rug" se refere a uma peça de material que cobre apenas uma secção do chão.
❑ WHEREAS (= but on the other hand. while on the contrary) – ENQUANTO QUE, AO PASSO QUE, MAS POR OUTRO LADO – Usado em contexto para comparar ou contrastar dois fatos.
23 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
“What do you go in for?”
a) To the beach
b) Hardly ever
c) Every other day
d) Of course!
e) Nothing
24 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
The police _____ looking for the terrorists _____ are still at large.
a) are – which
b) are – that
c) is – who
d) is – whom
e) is - that
Comentários e Gabarito B
The police are looking for the terrorists that are still at large. A polícia está à procura dos terroristas que ainda estão foragidos.
• The police are.
ldoceonline.com
• the terrorists who / that are still at large.
25 – (EFOMM-2001-OFICIAL DA MARINHA MERCANTE)
A fine tomb, _____, marks the grave of the poet Chaucer.
a) which in the fifteenth century was erecting
b) erecting in the fifteen century
c) erected in the fifteenth century
d) been erected in the fifteenth century
e) erect in the fifteenth century