FUNRIO-ALERR-2018-Concurso Público para TRADUTOR DE INGLÊS da ALERR(Assembleia Legislativa de Roraima) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e questões comentadas.

Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-FUNRIO-2018 da ALERR(Assembleia Legislativa de Roraima)-Cargo: TRADUTOR-Prova aplicada em 24/06/2018.

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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 30 questões.

➦www.danielpipes.org
➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.ohchr.org
➦www.huffingtonpost.com
➦http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu
➦http://global.britannica.com
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[a]Banca/Organizador 

FUNRIO-Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa, Ensino e Assistência

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦30 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 04 alternativas cada). 
➦Compreensão Textual de temas atuais.
➦Vocabulário.
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[c] FONTES TEXTUAIS 
➦Newstatesman, February 9th, 2018.
*The Shape of Water é um filme norte-americano de 2017, dos gêneros fantasia sombria, romance, drama e aventura, dirigido por Guillermo del Toro e escrito por ele e Vanessa Taylor. 

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➦https://film.avclub.com:

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➦www.nytimes.com

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➦http://autoliners.blogspot.com.br
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➦Cartunista TUTE (www.facebook.com/tute.dibujante):

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[c] DICTIONARY 

Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os excelentes dicionários a seguir:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/dicionario/ingles/grotesque
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/

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🔄 VERBS :
➽[to decline(dikláin)(recusar) → reject(recusar) ,refuse(recusar), turn down(rejeitar)]
"[...] Her lawyer, Kevin Lawlor, declined to comment."
(Seu advogado, Kevin Lawlor, se recusou a comentar)
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➽[to hurl(RRôrl)(lançar) → throw(lançar, arremeçar)]
"[...]  she hurled the term kaffir, considered the most offensive racial slur in South Africa"
(ela lançou o termo kaffir, considerado o insulto racial mais ofensivo da África do Sul)
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➽[to imprison(emPrêzén)(aprisionar) → jail (encarcerar)]
"[...] Woman Becomes First South African Imprisoned for Racist Speech"
(Mulher se torna a primeira sul-africana presa por discurso racista)
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➽[to unleash(ãnLíxi)(desencadear) → release  (liberar)]
"[...] If Vicki Momberg had only unleashed a high-volume tirade at the South African police officers, video of it would have been of mere passing interest. " 
🔄Phrasal Verbs :
➽[to be make up="ser constituído","ser formado"]
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➽[to set off → cause(causar). Seus sentidos são: partir/embarcar; causar/disparar; detonar; realçar e fazer alguém ficar bravo.]
"[...] The 2016 viral video of her outburst at police officers who responded to her report of thieves breaking into her car set off a national furor,"
(O vídeo viral de 2016 do ataque dela contra policiais que responderam ao relato de ladrões invadindo seu carro causou um furor nacional,)
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➽[The Vienna circle WAS MADE UP mainly of physicists, mathematicians and philosophers="O círculo de Viena ERA FORMADO principalmente por físicos, matemáticos e filósofos"]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➽[]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
➽[]
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
➽[In reflecting on these observations, it is important to note that there are several ways in which a language CAN BE official.="Ao refletir sobre essas observações, é importante notar que existem várias maneiras pelas quais uma linguagem PODE SER oficial."]  
➽[It MAY BE the sole official language of a country, or it MAY share this status with other languages.="Ele(idioma) PODE SER o idioma oficial único de um país ou ele PODE compartilhar esse status com outros idiomas."]
*Canadá, por exemplo, tem 2 idiomas oficiais(Inglês e Francês).
➽[And it may have a semi-official status, being used only in certain domains, or taking second place to other languages while still performing certain official roles.="E ele(idioma) PODE ter um status semioficial, ser usado apenas em determinados domínios ou ficar em segundo lugar em outros idiomas enquanto ainda desempenha determinadas funções oficiais."]
➽[In certain countries, the question of whether the special status SHOULD BE legally recognized is a source of considerable controversy – notably, in the USA.="Em alguns países, a questão de saber se o status especial DEVE SER legalmente reconhecido é uma fonte de considerável controvérsia - notadamente, nos EUA."] 
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:
➽[]
🔄Expressões VERBAIS EM GERAL:
➽[]
🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➽[circle(Sôrkôl) ➝ círculo]
➽[expediency=convenience="conveniência","conforto","vantagem"]
➽[mathematics(météMérêks) ➝ matemática]
➽[mathematicians(météméThixéns) ➝ matemáticos(as)]
➽[pageant(Pádjén) ➝ concourse(concurso)]
➽[physicist(Fízêssêst) ➝ físico(a)]
➽[philosopher(fóLóssôfôr) ➝ filósofo(a)]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:
➽[unfamiliar(ãnfôMíliôr)(não familiar) → unknown(desconhecida)]
➽[fortnightly(FôrnáiLí)→ quinzenal]
🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:

➽[repeatedly(rêpirêDlí)()→ again and again, ]
*to repeat(rêpí)(repitir)
➽[similarly(similarmente)=in the same way(do mesmo jeito/modo)]
➽[increasingly=more and more="CADA VEZ MAIS"]
➽[ Books, tapes, computers, telecommunication systems and all kinds of teaching materials will be increasingly available.="Livros, fitas, computadores, sistemas de telecomunicação e todo tipo de material didático estarão cada vez mais disponíveis."]
🔄 Pronomes Relativos(who, which, whom, that) :
➽[.]
🔄 CONJUCTION (but, yet, However, Nevertheless → ideia de contraposição de informação)(furthermore → ideia de adição de informação):
➽[]

🔄 Abreviação :
➽[e.g.(ídji)="por exemplo"
➽[e.g. Britain="por exemplo. Grã-Bretanha"]
➽[Many countries formally acknowledge a language's status in their constitution (e.g. India)="Muitos países reconhecem formalmente o status de uma língua em sua constituição (por exemplo, Índia)"]
➽[some make no special mention of it (e.g. Britain)="alguns não fazem menção especial a isso (por exemplo, Grã-Bretanha)"]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
➽[]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
➽[a high-volume tirade ➝ um discurso de alto volume]
* tirade(Táiôr'rêid)(discurso longo)
➽[a racial slur ➝ uma ofensa racial]
➽[hate speech ➝ discurso de ódio]
➽[political expediency ➝ conveniência política]
➽[fortnightly meetings(fôrNáilí-Mírins) ➝ reuniões quinzenais]
➽[English as a Global Language ➝ Inglês como um idioma global]
🔄IF-CLAUSE:
➽["]
🔄Expressões/Vocábulos técnicos  :
➽[prosecution(próssékíuxén) → acusação]
➽[prosecutor(próssékíurôr) → promotor(a) de justiça]
➽[on bail pending an appeal → sob fiança enquanto aguardava um apelo]
🔄 Comparativos (superioridade) :

➽[]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
➽[The winner of Brazil's best butt pageant → A vencedora do concurso de melhor bunda do Brasil]
🔄 Afixos :
➽[]  
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
➽[]
🔄Questions:
➽[]

🔄Falso cognato:

➽[]
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Agora, vamos à prova.
_____________________________________________________________________________👉 Questão  21 :
Read this text and mark the correct translation.
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"The Vienna circle was made up mainly of physicists, mathematicians and philosophers, whose fortnightly meetings were dedicated to investigating problems of logic, science, language and mathematics."
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Disponível em:<https://www.economist.com /news/books-and-arts/21734377>.

Acesso em: 11 jan. 2018.

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(A) O Círculo de Viena era formado principalmente por médicos, matemáticos e filósofos, cujas reuniões quinzenais eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
(B) O Círculo de Viena era principalmente reformulado por físicos, matemáticos e filósofos, e suas reuniões fortuitas eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
(C) O Círculo de Viena era reformulado pelos principais médicos, matemáticos e filósofos, cujas reuniões fortuitas eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
(D) O Círculo de Viena era formado principalmente por físicos, matemáticos e filósofos, e suas reuniões quinzenais eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - TRADUÇÃO INGLÊS → PORTUGUÊS :
"The Vienna circle was made up mainly of physicists, mathematicians and philosophers, whose fortnightly meetings were dedicated to investigating problems of logic, science, language and mathematics."
*Alternativa (A): O Círculo de Viena era formado principalmente por médicos, matemáticos e filósofos, cujas reuniões quinzenais eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
➦ Physicist(Fízissêst) ➝ Físico.
*Alternativa (B): O Círculo de Viena era principalmente reformulado por físicos, matemáticos e filósofos, e suas reuniões fortuitas eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
➦ made up ➝ formado, constituído.
*to make up ➝ inventar, reconciliar-se, constituir, decidir, compensar e se maquiar.
➦ reformular ➝ to reformulate.
➦ fortnightly meetings ➝ reuniões quinzenais.
*Alternativa (C): O Círculo de Viena era reformulado pelos principais médicos, matemáticos e filósofos, cujas reuniões fortuitas eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
➦ reformular ➝ to reformulate.
➦ médico ➝ physician(fiZêxén).
➦ fortnightly meetings ➝ reuniões quinzenais.
*Alternativa (D): O Círculo de Viena era formado principalmente por físicos, matemáticos e filósofos, e suas reuniões quinzenais eram dedicadas à investigação de problemas de lógica, ciência, linguagem e matemática.
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👉 Questão  22 :
Mark the correct translation for this sentence.
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"The winner of Brazil's best butt pageant did not leave her political opinions behind."
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Disponível em: <http://www.newsweek.com /topic/brazil>. Acesso em: 22 mar. 2018.

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(A) A vencedora do melhor concurso de bumbum do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas atrás.
(B) A vencedora do concurso de melhor bumbum do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas para trás.
(C) A vencedora do melhor desfile de bumbum do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas no passado.
D) A vencedora do melhor desfile de bumbum do Brasil não deixou atrás suas opiniões políticas.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito   B 

TÓPICO - TRADUÇÃO  INGLÊS → PORTUGUÊS :
➦Sentença:
"The winner of Brazil's best butt pageant did not leave her political opinions behind."
➦Traduções:
(A vencedora do concurso de melhor bunda do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas para trás.)
(A vencedora do concurso de melhor bumbum do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas para trás.)

*Alternativa (A): A vencedora do melhor concurso de bumbum do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas atrás.

*Alternativa (B): A vencedora do concurso de melhor bumbum do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas para trás.

*Alternativa (C): A vencedora do melhor desfile de bumbum do Brasil não deixou suas opiniões políticas no passado.

*Alternativa (D): A vencedora do melhor desfile de bumbum do Brasil não deixou atrás suas opiniões políticas.

_____________________________________________________________________________👉 Questão  23 :
After reading this text, mark the correct translation.
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"O rayon foi a primeira fibra regenerada feita de polpa de madeira. Ele foi desenvolvido por um químico francês, George Audemars, em 1855, e outras melhorias foram feitas em cima dessa fibra em 1891/92 por químicos ingleses, que descobriram o processo de polimerização da viscose."
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Disponível em:<http://www.stylourbano.com.br>.

Acesso em: 01 mar. 2018.

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(A) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made from wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemist, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were made on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemists who discovered the process of polymerization of viscose.
(B) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made of wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemistry, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were done on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemistries who discovered the process of polymerization of viscose.
(C) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made from wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemistry, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were made on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemists which discovered the process of polymerization from viscose.
(D) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made of wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemist, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were made on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemists that discovered the process of polymerization by viscose.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito   A 

TÓPICO - TRADUÇÃO: PORTUGUÊS → INGLÊS :

➦Sentença:

"O rayon foi a primeira fibra regenerada feita de polpa de madeira. Ele foi desenvolvido por um químico francês, George Audemars, em 1855, e outras melhorias foram feitas em cima dessa fibra em 1891/92 por químicos ingleses, que descobriram o processo de polimerização da viscose."

➦Tradução:

"Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made from wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemist, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were made on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemists who discovered the process of polymerization of viscose."
➦ feita de ➝ made from.
*make from(indica a origem)
➦ chemistry(Kêm'mêstrí) ➝ a química
➦ chemist(Kêm'mêst) ➝ o químico
(A) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made from wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemist, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were made on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemists who discovered the process of polymerization of viscose.
(B) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made of wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemistry, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were done on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemistries who discovered the process of polymerization of viscose.
(C) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made from wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemistry, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were made on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemists which discovered the process of polymerization from viscose.
(D) Rayon was the first regenerated fiber made of wood pulp. It was developed by a French chemist, George Audemars, in 1855 and other improvements were made on that fiber in 1891/92 by English chemists that discovered the process of polymerization by viscose.
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👉 Questão  24 :
Choose the option in which the two-word verb was used INCORRECTLY.
(A) She looked after her father when he was diagnosed with Parkinson's.
(B) I really couldn't tell apart the twin sisters.
(C) They were given five minutes to figure the puzzle out.
(D) When he came to he found himself in a hospital ward.

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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  anulada 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) She looked after her father when he was diagnosed with Parkinson's.
(B) I really couldn't tell apart the twin sisters.
(C) They were given five minutes to figure the puzzle out.
(D) When he came to he found himself in a hospital ward.
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👉 Questão  25 :
Mark the correct translation for this text.
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"O colete salva-vidas foi idealizado para ser utilizado numa situação de emergência ou para dar segurança permanente numa atividade aquática esportiva."
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Disponível em:<www.marinha.mil.br/salvamarbrasil /Geral/normas-para-embarcações-de-esporte-e-recreio>.Acesso em: 22 mar. 2018.

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(A) The lifevest jacket has been designed to be used in an emergency situation or to provide permanent safety in an aquatic activity sport.
(B) The lifejacket has been designed to be used in an emergency situation or to provide permanent security in an aquatic recreational activity.
(C) The lifevest has been designed to be used in an emergency situation or to provide permanent safety in a water sport activity.
(D) The lifesaver has been designed to be used in an emergency or to provide permanent security in an water recreational activity.

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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) The lifevest jacket has been designed to be used in an emergency situation or to provide permanent safety in an aquatic activity sport.
(B) The lifejacket has been designed to be used in an emergency situation or to provide permanent security in an aquatic recreational activity.
(C) The lifevest has been designed to be used in an emergency situation or to provide permanent safety in a water sport activity.
(D) The lifesaver has been designed to be used in an emergency or to provide permanent security in an water recreational activity.
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👉 Questão  26 :
Mark the correct translation for this text.
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The Sacramento County district attorney's office eventually concluded that there wasn't sufficient evidence to charge Figueroa, who returned to duty in November.
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Disponível em:<https://newrepublic.com/article /147396/case-jaywalking-laws>.

Acesso em: 22 mar. 2018

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(A) A promotoria pública do condado de Sacramento finalmente concluiu que não havia provas suficientes para acusar Figueroa, que voltou ao trabalho em novembro.
(B) O escritório distrital do promotor público do município de Sacramento eventualmente concluiu que não havia provas suficientes para acusar Figueroa, que voltou às obrigações em novembro.
(C) A promotoria pública de Sacramento eventualmente concluiu que não havia provas suficientes para cobrar Figueroa, que voltou a pagar suas taxas em novembro.
(D) A defensoria pública de Sacramento finalmente concluiu que não havia evidências suficientes para acusar Figueroa, que voltou aos seus direitos em novembro.

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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) A promotoria pública do condado de Sacramento finalmente concluiu que não havia provas suficientes para acusar Figueroa, que voltou ao trabalho em novembro.
(B) O escritório distrital do promotor público do município de Sacramento eventualmente concluiu que não havia provas suficientes para acusar Figueroa, que voltou às obrigações em novembro.
(C) A promotoria pública de Sacramento eventualmente concluiu que não havia provas suficientes para cobrar Figueroa, que voltou a pagar suas taxas em novembro.
(D) A defensoria pública de Sacramento finalmente concluiu que não havia evidências suficientes para acusar Figueroa, que voltou aos seus direitos em novembro.
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👉 Questão  27 :
Read this sentence.
_____________________________________________________________________________
"Governo brasileiro critica ataque ao Supremo Tribunal de Justiça da Venezuela."
_____________________________________________________________________________

Disponível em:<http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/

internacional/noticia/2017-06/>.

Acesso em: 24 mar. 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________
Choose the option which contains the correct phrasal verb to fill in the translation for the sentence.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Brazilian government _________ the attack of the Venezuelan Supreme Court of Justice.
_____________________________________________________________________________
(A) comes down on
(B) comes about
(C) comes around
(D) comes out on

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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO-PHRASAL VERB :

(A) comes down on
(B) comes about
(C) comes around
(D) comes out on
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👉 Questão  28 : 
Analyze sentences I to IV.
_____________________________________________________________________________
I. The boss demanded that she fill __ the form by the end of the day.
II. When he heard the noise downstairs, he thought it was his daughter coming ___.
III. They've already got through ___ the preparations for the conference.
IV. I was asked to talk ___ my research.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Choose the correct option to fill in the gaps.
(A) I. out   II. of    III. with    IV. about
(B) I. of     II. In    III. with    IV. in
(C) I. in     II. in    III. with    IV. on
(D) I. up    II. for   III. with    IV. about

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

I. The boss demanded that she fill __ the form by the end of the day.
II. When he heard the noise downstairs, he thought it was his daughter coming ___.
III. They've already got through ___ the preparations for the conference.
IV. I was asked to talk ___ my research.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  29 :
Mark the correct conditional sentence.
(A) Were it not for the fact that Linda would be offended, I wouldn't go to the party.
(B) If they've seen the news, they would have been well informed.
(C) My neighbors will be really mad if the smoke from the barbecue reached their house.
(D) If the taxi won't be here in five minutes we would get a ride.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Were it not for the fact that Linda would be offended, I wouldn't go to the party.
(B) If they've seen the news, they would have been well informed.
(C) My neighbors will be really mad if the smoke from the barbecue reached their house.
(D) If the taxi won't be here in five minutes we would get a ride.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Read this text.
_____________________________________________________________________________

English As a Global Language

_____________________________________________________________________________
[…] In reflecting on these observations, it is important to note that there are several ways in which a language can be official. It may be the sole official language of a country, or it may share this status with other languages. And it may have a semi-official status, being used only in certain domains, or taking second place to other languages while still performing certain official roles. Many countries formally acknowledge a language's status in their constitution (e.g. India); some make no special mention of it (e.g. Britain). In certain countries, the question of whether the special status should be legally recognized is a source of considerable controversy – notably, in the USA.

Similarly, there is great variation in the reasons for choosing a particular language as a favoured foreign language: they include historical tradition, political expediency, and the desire for commercial, cultural or technological contact.

Also, even when chosen, the presence of the language can vary greatly, depending on the extent to which a government or foreign-aid agency is prepared to give adequate financial support to a language-teaching policy. In a wellsupported environment, resources will be devoted to helping people have access to the language and learn it, through the media, libraries, schools, and institutes of higher education. There will be an increase in the number and quality of teachers able to teach the language. Books, tapes, computers, telecommunication systems and all kinds of teaching materials will be increasingly available. In many countries, however, lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of language-teaching goals. […]

David Crystal 1997, 2003

_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  30 :
According to the text, it is correct to affirm that
_____________________________________________________________________________
(A) a language is not used officially in a country if there is no economic support by its government.
(B) one of the reasons for choosing a language as a favored foreign language is its people's interest in teaching it.
(C) the yearning for technological contact may be one of the reasons why a language receives the status of an official language.
(D) in India, English was formerly recognized as an official language.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICOS - INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO e VOCABULÁRIO(yearning=desire) :
De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que
*Alternativa (A): um idioma não é usada oficialmente em um país se não houver apoio econômico por seu governo.
➽ As razões APRESENTADAS NO TEXTO para um idioma ser oficializado são →  tradição histórica, conveniência política e o desejo de contato comercial, cultural ou tecnológico. O texto não menciona APOIO ECONÔMICO como uma das razões. 
*Alternativa (B): uma das razões para escolher uma língua como língua estrangeira favorecida é o interesse de seu povo em ensiná-la.
➽ As razões APRESENTADAS NO TEXTO são →  tradição histórica, conveniência política e o desejo de contato comercial, cultural ou tecnológico.
*Alternativa (C): o anseio por contato tecnológico pode ser uma das razões pelas quais uma língua recebe o status de uma língua oficial.
➽ As razões APRESENTADAS NO TEXTO são →  tradição histórica, conveniência política e o desejo de contato comercial, cultural ou tecnológico.
➽ "[...] and the desire for commercial, cultural or technological contact."
➽ "yearning(anseio)=desire(desejo)"
*Alternativa (D): na Índia, o inglês era reconhecido anteriormente como uma língua oficial.
➽ A única informação relatada no texto sobre a Índia é → Muitos países reconhecem formalmente o status de uma língua em sua constituição (por exemplo, Índia).
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  31 :
Choose the correct option for the excerpt Many countries formally acknowledge a language's status in their constitution, in the passive voice.
(A) A language status is formally acknowledged by many countries in their constitution.
(B) A language status was formally acknowledged by many countries in their constitution.
(C) A language status is formally acknowledge by many countries in their constitution.
(D) A language status has been formally acknowledged by many countries in their constitution.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - PASSIVE VOICE("TO BE"+ VP no particípio passado) :
"Many countries formally acknowledge a language's status in their constitution"
➽ TEMPO CONTEXTUAL → acknowledge → SIMPLE PRESENT.
➽ VERBO PRINCIPAL → to acknowledge(reconhecer): acknowledge/acknowledged/acknowledged.
➽ ESTRUTURA NA VOZ PASSIVA → is acknowledged.
*Alternativa (A): A language status is formally acknowledged by many countries in their constitution.
*Alternativa (B): A language status was formally acknowledged by many countries in their constitution.
*Alternativa (C): A language status is formally acknowledge by many countries in their constitution.
*Alternativa (D): A language status has been formally acknowledged by many countries in their constitution.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  32 :
Choose the option which presents the best translation for the excerpt from this text.
_____________________________________________________________________________
"Similarly, there is great variation in the reasons for choosing a particular language as a favoured foreign language: they include historical tradition, political expediency, and the desire for commercial, cultural or technological contact."
_____________________________________________________________________________
(A) Do mesmo modo, há uma grande diferença nas razões pelas quais uma língua particular é escolhida em relação à outra: elas incluem tradição histórica, oportunidade política, e o desejo por comercial, cultural e contato tecnológico.
(B) Semelhantemente, havia grande variação nas razões para se escolher uma específica língua como uma língua estrangeira preferida: elas incluem história da tradição, conveniência política e vontade de realizar contato comercial, cultural e tecnológico.
C) Igualmente, há uma grande variação na razão para se escolher uma língua específica como língua estrangeira preferida, elas são: tradição histórica, expediente político e o desejo de contato comercial, cultural e tecnológico.
(D) Do mesmo modo, são muitas as razões que levam ao favorecimento de uma determinada língua estrangeira: elas incluem tradição histórica, conveniência política e o desejo por contato comercial, cultural e tecnológico.
_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   D 

TÓPICO - TRADUÇÃO INGLÊS → PORTUGUÊS:
"Similarly, there is great variation in the reasons for choosing a particular language as a favoured foreign language: they include historical tradition, political expediency, and the desire for commercial, cultural or technological contact."
*Alternativa (A): Do mesmo modo, há uma grande diferença nas razões pelas quais uma língua particular é escolhida em relação à outra: elas incluem tradição histórica, oportunidade política, e o desejo por comercial, cultural e contato tecnológico.
*Alternativa (B): Semelhantemente, havia grande variação nas razões para se escolher uma específica língua como uma língua estrangeira preferida: elas incluem história da tradição, conveniência política e vontade de realizar contato comercial, cultural e tecnológico.
*Alternativa (C): Igualmente, há uma grande variação na razão para se escolher uma língua específica como língua estrangeira preferida, elas são: tradição histórica, expediente político e o desejo de contato comercial, cultural e tecnológico.
*Alternativa (D): Do mesmo modo, são muitas as razões que levam ao favorecimento de uma determinada língua estrangeira: elas incluem tradição histórica, conveniência política e o desejo por contato comercial, cultural e tecnológico.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  33 :
Mark the option which is INCORRECT.
(A) I had no sooner lit the bonfire than it started to rain.
(B) Last night I heard two news which really let me down.
(C) Little did she talk about the incident between her and the landlord.
(D) Among the people invited to the meeting was the governor.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) I had no sooner lit the bonfire than it started to rain.
(B) Last night I heard two news which really let me down.
(C) Little did she talk about the incident between her and the landlord.
(D) Among the people invited to the meeting was the governor.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  34 :
Choose the option in which the sentence is grammatically correct.
(A) The police issued an order that all illegal guns be handed in immediately.
(B) Our neighbors have sold their house by the end of the year.
(C) She had not visited her sister in the hospital when she passes away.
(D) They were rising hell in the square when the police force got there.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) The police issued an order that all illegal guns be handed in immediately.
(B) Our neighbors have sold their house by the end of the year.
(C) She had not visited her sister in the hospital when she passes away.
(D) They were rising hell in the square when the police force got there.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  35 :
"In many countries, however, lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of language-teaching goals."
The connective underlined in the excerpt is replaced correctly with no alteration of meaning in
(A) Henceforth, in many countries lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of languageteaching goals.
(B) Furthermore, in many countries, lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of languageteaching goals, also.
(C) Notwithstanding, in many countries, lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of languageteaching goals.(D) Thus, in many countries lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of language-teaching goals.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Henceforth, in many countries lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of languageteaching goals.
(B) Furthermore, in many countries, lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of languageteaching goals, also.
(C) Notwithstanding, in many countries, lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of languageteaching goals.(D) Thus, in many countries lack of government support, or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of language-teaching goals.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  36 :
Choose and mark the correct translation for this text.
"Além de impulsionar o corte de árvores, a fabricação do papel está associada à poluição do meio ambiente, uma vez que o processo utiliza produtos químicos para branqueamento das folhas."
_____________________________________________________________________________

Disponível em:<http://www.fragmaq.com.br>.

Acesso em: 12 mar.2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(A) In addition to boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with environmental pollution, since the process uses chemicals to bleach the sheets.
(B) Besides boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with pollution the environment, though the process uses chemicals to bleach the sheets.
(C) Moreover than boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with environmental pollution, after all, the process uses chemicals to bleach the leaves.
(D) In addition to boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with environmental pollution, since the process uses chemicals to bleach the leaves.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) In addition to boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with environmental pollution, since the process uses chemicals to bleach the sheets.
(B) Besides boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with pollution the environment, though the process uses chemicals to bleach the sheets.
(C) Moreover than boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with environmental pollution, after all, the process uses chemicals to bleach the leaves.
(D) In addition to boosting tree cutting, papermaking is associated with environmental pollution, since the process uses chemicals to bleach the leaves.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  37 :
Read, translate and mark the correct translation for this sentence.
_____________________________________________________________________________
"So much for my promising career in espionage…"
_____________________________________________________________________________

Skyfall movie, 2012

_____________________________________________________________________________

(A) Investi tanto em minha carreira em espionagem…(B) Quanto tempo para minha carreira em espionagem…
(C) Queria tanto minha carreira em espionagem…
(D) Lá se vai minha carreira em espionagem...

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Investi tanto em minha carreira em espionagem…(B) Quanto tempo para minha carreira em espionagem…
(C) Queria tanto minha carreira em espionagem…
(D) Lá se vai minha carreira em espionagem...
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  38 :
Mark the correct translation for this headline.
_____________________________________________________________________________
"The teenage gamers earning six figures."
_____________________________________________________________________________

Disponível em:<http://www.bbc.com/future>.

Acesso em: 28 mar. 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(A) Os gamers adolescentes que ganham milhares de dólares.
(B) Os gamers adolescentes que ganham milhões de dólares.
(C) Os jogadores de jogos eletrônicos adolescentes que ganham milhões de dólares.
(D) Os jogadores adolescentes de jogos eletrônicos que merecem milhares de dólares.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Os gamers adolescentes que ganham milhares de dólares.
(B) Os gamers adolescentes que ganham milhões de dólares.
(C) Os jogadores de jogos eletrônicos adolescentes que ganham milhões de dólares.
(D) Os jogadores adolescentes de jogos eletrônicos que merecem milhares de dólares.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  39 :
Read and mark the correct translation for this text.
_____________________________________________________________________________

U.N.: Asia Could Run Out of Fish by 2048

_____________________________________________________________________________ Devastation of the natural world is so severe it is endangering economies, livelihoods, food security, access to drinking water and the general quality of life around the world.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Disponível em:<http://www.newsweek.com/tech-science>. Acesso em: 24 mar. 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(A) ONU: Ásia pode ficar sem peixe até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em perigo as economias, a sustentabilidade, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.
(B) ONU: Ásia pode perder a corrida dos peixes até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em extinção as economias, os meios de subsistência, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.
(C) ONU: Os peixes da Ásia podem perder a concorrência até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em perigo as economias, a moradia, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.
(D) ONU: Ásia pode ficar sem peixe até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em perigo as economias, os meios de subsistência, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) ONU: Ásia pode ficar sem peixe até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em perigo as economias, a sustentabilidade, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.
(B) ONU: Ásia pode perder a corrida dos peixes até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em extinção as economias, os meios de subsistência, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.
(C) ONU: Os peixes da Ásia podem perder a concorrência até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em perigo as economias, a moradia, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.
(D) ONU: Ásia pode ficar sem peixe até 2048: A devastação do mundo natural é tão grave que coloca em perigo as economias, os meios de subsistência, a segurança alimentar, o acesso à água potável e a qualidade de vida geral em todo o mundo.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  40 :
Mark the correct translation for this text.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Comissão da ONU sobre a Situação das Mulheres entrega plano para garantir os direitos e o desenvolvimento de mulheres e meninas rurais.
_____________________________________________________________________________

Disponível em: <http://www.onumulheres.org.br/>.

Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________

(A) UN Commission on the Status of Women delivers a plant to make sure the rights and development of rural women and girls.
(B) Status of Women UN Commission delivers a blueprint to enable the rights of rural women and development of girls.
(C) Commission of UN Status of Women delivers a plant to ensure the rights and development of rural women and girls.
(D) UN Commission on the Status of Women delivers a blueprint to ensure the rights and development of rural women and girls.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) UN Commission on the Status of Women delivers a plant to make sure the rights and development of rural women and girls.
(B) Status of Women UN Commission delivers a blueprint to enable the rights of rural women and development of girls.
(C) Commission of UN Status of Women delivers a plant to ensure the rights and development of rural women and girls.
(D) UN Commission on the Status of Women delivers a blueprint to ensure the rights and development of rural women and girls.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Read this text and answer questions 41 to 45
_____________________________________________________________________________

Inside the world's quietest room

_____________________________________________________________________________
If you stand in it for long enough, you start to hear your heartbeat. A ringing in your ears becomes deafening. When you move, your bones make a grinding noise. Eventually you lose your balance, because the absolute lack of reverberation sabotages your spatial awareness.

In this room at Microsoft's headquarters in Redmond, Washington, all sound from the outside world is locked out and any sound produced inside is stopped cold. It's called an anechoic chamber, because it creates no echo at all — which makes the sound of clapping hands downright eerie.

The background noise in the room is so low that it approaches the lowest threshold theorized by mathematicians, the absolute zero of sound — the next step down is a vacuum, or the absence of sound. This is the world's quietest place.

Deafening silence

The room offers a very rare sensorial experience.
As soon as one enters the room, one immediately feels a strange and unique sensation which is hard to describe, wrote Hundraj Gopal, a speech and hearing scientist and the principal designer of the anechoic chamber at Microsoft, in an email.

Most people find the absence of sound deafening, feel a sense of fullness in the ears, or some ringing. Very ____ sounds become clearly audible because the ambient noise is exceptionally low. When you turn your head, you can hear that motion. You can hear yourself breathing and it sounds somewhat loud, he said.

In the real world, Gopal explained, our ears are constantly subject to some level of sound, so there is always some air pressure on the ear drums. But upon entering the anechoic room this constant air pressure is gone, since there are no sound reflections from the surrounding walls. This is a novel experience, he wrote. [...]
Jacopo Prisco, CNN
_____________________________________________________________________________

Disponível em:<https://edition.cnn.com/style /article/anechoic-chamber-worlds-quietest-room/index.html>.Acesso em: 29 mar. 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  41 :
According to text, inside the world's quietest room,
(A) a person feels some pressure on his bones and hears his heartbeat.
(B) the lack of reverberation makes a person fall down since he loses his spatial reference.
(C) a person hears a grinding noise coming from the lack of reverberation and loses his balance.
(D) when a person claps his hands the sound becomes a vacuum and eventually he becomes
deaf.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) a person feels some pressure on his bones and hears his heartbeat.
(B) the lack of reverberation makes a person fall down since he loses his spatial reference.
(C) a person hears a grinding noise coming from the lack of reverberation and loses his balance.
(D) when a person claps his hands the sound becomes a vacuum and eventually he becomes
deaf.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  42 :
The words downright eerie (2nd paragraph) have the same meaning in the context as
(A) inconspicuous clear.
(B) extremely loud.
(C) absolutely daring.
(D) really frightening.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) inconspicuous clear.
(B) extremely loud.
(C) absolutely daring.
(D) really frightening.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  43 :    
The word that best fits the gap in the second part of the text – Deafening silence – is
(A) strong.
(B) clear.
(C) faint.
(D) loud.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) strong.
(B) clear.
(C) faint.
(D) loud.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  44 :
A word that is NOT a synonym for somewhat, underlined in the text, is
(A) considerably.
(B) fairly.
(C) significally.
(D) lightly.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  anulada 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) considerably.
(B) fairly.
(C) significally.
(D) lightly.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  45 :
Choose the option in which the pair of words from the text, formed with the suffix ing, represents a verbal form.
(A) ringing / deafening.
(B) grinding / clapping.
(C) breathing / entering.
(D) deafening / surrounding.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) ringing / deafening.
(B) grinding / clapping.
(C) breathing / entering.
(D) deafening / surrounding.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  46 :
Mark the correct translation for this text.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Wanted: Cemetery Superintendent

Now hiring, read the classified ad. Cemetery superintendent. The ideal candidate must be able to supervise in a fast-paced environment.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Disponível em:<https://www.rd.com/joke/wanted-cemetery-superintendent/>.

Acesso em: 26 mar. 2018

_____________________________________________________________________________ 

(A) Procurado: Superintendente do Cemitério: “Agora
contratando”, leu o anúncio. “Superintendente do cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar em um ambiente pacífico. ”
(B) Precisa-se: Supervisor de Cemitério: “Estamos contratando”, lia-se no anúncio. “Supervisor de cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar um ambiente acelerado. ”
(C) Procura-se: Supervisor de Cemitério: “Agora contratando”, lê-se no anúncio. “Supervisor de
cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar um ambiente pacífico. ”
(D) Procurado: Supervisor de Cemitério: “Contrato imediato”, lê-se no anúncio. “Supervisor de
cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar um ambiente acelerado.”

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Procurado: Superintendente do Cemitério: “Agora
contratando”, leu o anúncio. “Superintendente do cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar em um ambiente pacífico. ”
(B) Precisa-se: Supervisor de Cemitério: “Estamos contratando”, lia-se no anúncio. “Supervisor de cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar um ambiente acelerado. ”
(C) Procura-se: Supervisor de Cemitério: “Agora contratando”, lê-se no anúncio. “Supervisor de
cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar um ambiente pacífico. ”
(D) Procurado: Supervisor de Cemitério: “Contrato imediato”, lê-se no anúncio. “Supervisor de
cemitério. O candidato ideal deve ser capaz de supervisionar um ambiente acelerado.”
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  47 :
Read and mark the correct translation for this text.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Foreign Policy on Human Rights

Brazil’s foreign policy on human rights presents a country open to the world, willing to cooperate and discuss its own strengths and weaknesses.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 
(A) Política externa para direitos humanos: No Brasil, a política brasileira externa para direitos humanos apresenta um país aberto ao mundo, que irá cooperar e debater seus pontos fortes e fracos.
(B) Política externa para direitos humanos: A política externa para direitos humanos brasileiros apresentam um país aberto ao mundo, que anseia por cooperar e debater seus pontos fortes e fracos.
(C) Política externa para direitos humanos: A política externa brasileira para direitos humanos apresenta um país aberto ao mundo, disposto a cooperar e a debater seus pontos fortes e fracos.
(D) Política externa para direitos humanos: A política externa para direitos humanos brasileiros mostra um país aberto ao mundo, disposta à cooperação e ao debate de seus pontos fortes e fracos.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Política externa para direitos humanos: No Brasil, a política brasileira externa para direitos humanos apresenta um país aberto ao mundo, que irá cooperar e debater seus pontos fortes e fracos.
(B) Política externa para direitos humanos: A política externa para direitos humanos brasileiros apresentam um país aberto ao mundo, que anseia por cooperar e debater seus pontos fortes e fracos.
(C) Política externa para direitos humanos: A política externa brasileira para direitos humanos apresenta um país aberto ao mundo, disposto a cooperar e a debater seus pontos fortes e fracos.
(D) Política externa para direitos humanos: A política externa para direitos humanos brasileiros mostra um país aberto ao mundo, disposta à cooperação e ao debate de seus pontos fortes e fracos.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  48 :
Read and mark the correct translation for this text.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 
"Conheça o nosso atendimento e saiba quando é a melhor hora para viajar: Gestantes e lactantes têm direito a atendimento preferencial. Por isso, se você estiver nestas condições, solicite o serviço especial no balcão da GOL no aeroporto."
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Disponível em:<https://www.voegol.com.br>.

Acesso em: 25 mar. 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 
(A) Learn over the services we provide and when is the best time for travel: Expectant and breastfed mothers are entitled to preferential service. Therefore, if you are an expectant mother, please request preferencial service at a GOL balcony at the airport.
(B) Learn about the services we provide and when is the best time to travel: Expectant and nursing mothers are entitled to priority service. Therefore, if you are an expectant mother, please request priority service at a GOL counter at the airport.
(C) Learn about the services we provide and when is the best time for travel: Expectant and breastfed mothers are entitled to priority service. Therefore, if you are in this situation, please request priority service at a GOL counter on the airport.
(D) Learn over the services we attend and when is the best time to travel: Expectant and breastfeeding mothers are entitled to preferential service. Indeed, if you are in this situation, please request preferential service at a GOL balcony at the airport.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) Learn over the services we provide and when is the best time for travel: Expectant and breastfed mothers are entitled to preferential service. Therefore, if you are an expectant mother, please request preferencial service at a GOL balcony at the airport.
(B) Learn about the services we provide and when is the best time to travel: Expectant and nursing mothers are entitled to priority service. Therefore, if you are an expectant mother, please request priority service at a GOL counter at the airport.
(C) Learn about the services we provide and when is the best time for travel: Expectant and breastfed mothers are entitled to priority service. Therefore, if you are in this situation, please request priority service at a GOL counter on the airport.
(D) Learn over the services we attend and when is the best time to travel: Expectant and breastfeeding mothers are entitled to preferential service. Indeed, if you are in this situation, please request preferential service at a GOL balcony at the airport.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 
Read this text and answer questions 49 and 50.
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Woman Becomes First South African

Imprisoned for Racist Speech

_____________________________________________________________________________ 
LONDON – If Vicki Momberg had only unleashed a high-volume tirade at the South African police officers, video of it would have been of mere passing interest. But her repeated use of a racial slur unfamiliar to most Americans, but explosive in South Africa – made her notorious, and led to demands to make her an example.

On Wednesday, Ms. Momberg, a white woman, became the first person in South Africa to be sent to prison for using racist language against someone, according to prosecutors and legal experts. Specifically, she hurled the term kaffir, considered the most offensive racial slur in South Africa so radioactive socially that it is often referred to as the k-word.

The 2016 viral video of her outburst at police officers who responded to her report of thieves breaking into her car set off a national furor, and made Ms. Momberg a symbol of the racism that persists a generation after the collapse of apartheid.

Partly because of that video, viewed repeatedly on social media and news sites, the parliament may take up a bill that would make prosecution for hate speech more common.

In a Johannesburg courtroom on Wednesday, Magistrate Pravina Raghoonandan sentenced Ms. Momberg to three years in prison, with one year suspended. Local media reported that Ms. Momberg, once a well-off real estate agent, cried as the sentence was read. The judge refused to allow Ms. Momberg to remain free on bail pending an appeal, and officers led her away from the courtroom.

Her lawyer, Kevin Lawlor, declined to comment. The decision was met mostly with celebration on social media, in a majority-black country where profound inequality coexists with memories of an apartheid system that institutionalized racial separation and oppression. [...]
_____________________________________________________________________________ 

Richard Pérez-Peña, Mar. 28, 2018

Disponível em:<https://www.nytimes.com /2018/03/28/world/europe/south-africa-racist-speech>.
Acesso em: 31 mar. 2018.

_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  49 :
According to text it is right to affirm that Ms. Momberg
(A) became a symbol of the fight against racism after the collapse of apartheid.
(B) was a white South African woman who became the first person to be sent to prison for using racist language against cops.
(C) is a well-off real estate agent who will spend three years in prison for racism.
(D) will not be able to wait for her appeal out of prison and has to start doing her time in jail immediately.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
According to text it is right to affirm that Ms. Momberg(Segundo o texto, é certo afirmar que a Sra. Momberg...)

*Alternativa(A): became a symbol of the fight against racism after the collapse of apartheid.(tornou-se um símbolo da luta contra o racismo após o colapso do apartheid.)
*Alternativa(B): was a white South African woman who became the first person to be sent to prison for using racist language against cops.(era uma mulher sul-africana branca que se tornou a primeira pessoa a ser presa por usar linguagem racista contra policiais.)
*Alternativa(C): is a well-off real estate agent who will spend three years in prison for racism.(é uma agente imobiliário rica que passará três anos na prisão por racismo.)
*Alternativa(D): will not be able to wait for her appeal out of prison and has to start doing her time in jail immediately.(não poderá aguardar seu apelo fora da prisão e terá que começar a cumprir imediatamente seu tempo na prisão.)
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  50 :
Choose the option in which the word notorious presents a different meaning from the one used in the text.
(A) Two British militants believed to have belonged to an Islamic State group cell notorious for beheading hostages in Syria said Friday that their home country's revoking of their citizenship denies them the possibility of a fair trial.
(B) James Mellaart, who died in 2012, became one of Britain's most notorious archaeologists after he discovered a succession of important Bronze Age sites in Turkey.
(C) The Kiboko Squad, notorious for their use of sticks to disperse protesters, are allegedly an offshoot of the Crime Preventers.
(D) A museum is opening in the Venetian hometown of Giacomo Casanova, the 18th-century adventurer and bon vivant, in hopes of educating visitors about more than just his notorious womanising.

_____________________________________________________________________________

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

➦No texto, notorious ➝ conhecida.

"[...] If Vicki Momberg had only unleashed a high-volume tirade at the South African police officers, video of it would have been of mere passing interest. But her repeated use of a racial slur unfamiliar to most Americans, but explosive in South Africa – made her notorious, and led to demands to make her an example."

(Se Vicki Momberg tivesse desencadeado um grande tumulto contra os policiais da África do Sul, o vídeo teria sido de mero interesse passageiro. Mas seu uso repetido de uma ofensa racial desconhecida para a maioria dos americanos, mas explosiva na África do Sul - a tornou conhecida e levou a demandas para torná-la um exemplo.)
Choose the option in which the word notorious presents a different meaning from the one used in the text.(Escolha a opção em que a palavra notório apresenta um significado diferente daquele usado no texto.)
*Alternativa(A): Two British militants believed to have belonged to an Islamic State group cell notorious for beheading hostages in Syria said Friday that their home country's revoking of their citizenship denies them the possibility of a fair trial.(Dois militantes britânicos que se acredita pertencerem a uma célula do grupo Estado Islâmico famosa por decapitar reféns na Síria disseram na sexta-feira que a revogação de seu país de origem nega a possibilidade de um julgamento justo.)

*Alternativa(B): James Mellaart, who died in 2012, became one of Britain's most notorious archaeologists after he discovered a succession of important Bronze Age sites in Turkey.
*Alternativa(C): The Kiboko Squad, notorious for their use of sticks to disperse protesters, are allegedly an offshoot of the Crime Preventers.(O Esquadrão Kiboko, famoso pelo uso de cacetes para dispersar manifestantes, é supostamente uma ramificação dos Preventores do Crime.)
*Alternativa(D): A museum is opening in the Venetian hometown of Giacomo Casanova, the 18th-century adventurer and bon vivant, in hopes of educating visitors about more than just his notorious womanising.(Um museu está sendo inaugurado na cidade natal veneziana de Giacomo Casanova, o aventureiro do século XVIII e bon vivant, na esperança de educar os visitantes sobre mais do que apenas sua famosa mulher.)

ESPCEX 2017

 

ESCOLA PREPARATÓRIA DE CADETES DO EXÉRCITO

•    2017  

PROVA DE INGLÊS 

GABARITO FINAL

•    PROVA  

• 12 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | How diversity makes us smarter | scientificamerican.com |
• Texto (2) – | A handwritten note from September 11 | americanhistory.si.edu |
• Texto (3) – | Military operations in megacities | A linguistic perspective | Military Review |
• Texto (4) – | Woman who rescued Nigerian 'witch-child' beats Obama and Pope Francis to top list of world’s most inspiring people | independent.co.uk |

•    TEXTO 1  

Leia o TEXTO a seguir e responda às questões 45, 46 e 47.

How diversity makes us smarter

Decades of research by organizational scientists, psychologists, sociologists, economists and demographers show that socially diverse groups (that is, those with a diversity of race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation) are more innovative than homogeneous groups. It means being around people who are different from us makes us more creative, more diligent and more hardworking.

It seems obvious that a group of people with diverse individual expertise would be better than a homogeneous group at solving complex, non-routine problems. It is less obvious that social diversity should work in the same way – yet the science shows that it does. This is not only because people with different backgrounds bring new information. Simply interacting with individuals who are different forces group members to prepare better, to anticipate alternative viewpoints and to expect that reaching consensus will take effort.

Diversity of expertise confers benefits that are obvious – you would not think of building a new car without engineers, designers and quality-control experts – but what about social diversity? The same logic applies to social diversity. People who are different from one another in race, gender and other dimensions bring unique information and experiences to bear on the task at hand. A male and a female engineer might have perspectives as different from one another as an engineer and a physicist – and that is a good thing.

The fact is that if you want to build teams or organizations capable of innovating, you need diversity. Diversity enhances creativity. It encourages the search for novel information and perspectives, leading to better decision making and problem solving. Diversity can improve the bottom line of companies and lead to discoveries and breakthrough innovations. Even simply being exposed to diversity can change the way you think.

• Adapted from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-diversity-makes-us-smarter/

45 – Which question below has its answer in paragraph 1?

(A) Why did the researchers decide to study such a context?
(B) Who studied about socially diverse groups?
(C) Where did the researchers carry out their studies?
(D) How did the researchers carry out their studies?

(E) How many people were involved in the research?

•    Gabarito B  

Qual pergunta abaixo tem sua resposta no parágrafo 1?

(A) Why did the researchers decide to study such a context? Por que os pesquisadores decidiram estudar tal contexto?
(B) Who studied about socially diverse groups? Quem estudou sobre grupos socialmente diversos?
(C) Where did the researchers carry out their studies? Onde os pesquisadores realizaram seus estudos?
(D) How did the researchers carry out their studies? Como os pesquisadores realizaram seus estudos?

(E) How many people were involved in the research? Quantas pessoas estiveram envolvidas na pesquisa?

46 – Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the word YET in the sentence

• "It is less obvious that social diversity should work in the same way – yet the science shows that it does." (paragraph 2).

(A) however
(B) for
(C) such as
(D) thus
(E) because

•    Gabarito A  

• "It is less obvious that social diversity should work in the same way – yet the science shows that it does." (paragraph 2).

(A) however
(B) for
(C) such as
(D) thus
(E) because

47 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(A) It takes more than interaction with others to become a better person.

(B) Homogeneous groups work as hard as heterogeneous ones.
(C) According to science, social diversity works just like diversity of expertise.
(D) When it comes to bear on the task at hand, a male is better than a female.
(E) Solving complex problems is easier than searching for novel information.

•    Gabarito C  

De acordo com o texto, escolha a afirmação correta.

(A) It takes more than interaction with others to become a better person. É preciso mais do que interação com outras pessoas para se tornar uma pessoa melhor.

(B) Homogeneous groups work as hard as heterogeneous ones. Grupos homogêneos trabalham tanto quanto os heterogêneos.
(C) According to science, social diversity works just like diversity of expertise. De acordo com a ciência, a diversidade social funciona tal como a diversidade de conhecimentos.
(D) When it comes to bear on the task at hand, a male is better than a female. Quando se trata de realizar a tarefa em questão, um homem é melhor que uma mulher.
(E) Solving complex problems is easier than searching for novel information. Resolver problemas complexos é mais fácil do que procurar informações novas.

•    TEXTO 2  

Leia o TEXTO a seguir e responda às questões 48, 49 e 50. 48

A handwritten note from September 11

In moments of crisis, our first thoughts are usually to get in contact with the people we love.

September 11, 2001, was a day when many people wanted to know that their loved ones were safe. At 9:37 a.m., the Pentagon was attacked by terrorists who crashed an airplane into the western side of the building.

Many people tried using the mobile phones that existed then, but few were successful. Franklin and Daria Gaillard (Frank and Chip) were both members of the Air Force and worked at the Pentagon. They worked in different parts of the building and had a previous agreement that they would meet at their car in the parking lot if there were any emergency.

Daria was the first to arrive at the car and wrote a note to Franklin saying "Frank - Sweetie I am okay. I'm w/ my office over by the Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Sign. I'll stay there till you come. Love lots & lots, Chip.” Frank found the note and was able to locate his wife in the aftermath of the attack.

What makes this story so interesting is the handwritten note. Today, in our digital culture, we have a variety of ways to let people know that we are safe. Text messages, voicemail, and different forms of social media can be used to get the information out to loved ones. In 2001, when these attacks __________(1), the cellular network was still growing and was not as robust as it is today.

This letter is just one of the many objects that The National Museum of American History __________(2) since 2001. To learn more, visit our online exhibition September 11th: Bearing Witness to History.

• Adapted from http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/handwritten-note-september-11-2001

48 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(A) Frank and Chip found a note on the western side of the building.
(B) Frank and Chip wrote a note together before the attack.
(C) Frank and Chip had a meeting at the Air Force HQ.
(D) Frank and Chip relied on pen and paper to communicate.
(E) Frank and Chip located each other using social media.

•    Gabarito D  

De acordo com o texto, escolha a afirmação correta.

(A) Frank and Chip found a note on the western side of the building. Frank e Chip encontraram uma nota no lado oeste do prédio.
(B) Frank and Chip wrote a note together before the attack. Frank e Chip escreveram um bilhete juntos antes do ataque.
(C) Frank and Chip had a meeting at the Air Force HQ. Frank e Chip tiveram uma reunião no QG da Força Aérea.
(D) Frank and Chip relied on pen and paper to communicate. Frank e Chip dependiam de papel e caneta para se comunicar.
(E) Frank and Chip located each other using social media. Frank e Chip se localizaram usando as redes sociais.

49 – In the sentence

• "the cellular network... was not as robust as it is today" (paragraph 4),

the word ROBUST means

(A) capable of producing repeated failures in bad conditions.
(B) capable of performing without failure under a variety of conditions.
(C) capable of predicting critical weather changes in other countries.
(D) capable of creating standard responses to technical problems.
(E) capable of manufacturing its own components in bad conditions.

•    Gabarito B  

Na frase “a rede celular... não era tão robusta como é hoje” (parágrafo 4), a palavra ROBUSTA significa

(A) capable of producing repeated failures in bad conditions. capaz de produzir falhas repetidas em más condições.
(B) capable of performing without failure under a variety of conditions. capaz de funcionar sem falhas sob uma variedade de condições.
(C) capable of predicting critical weather changes in other countries. capaz de prever mudanças climáticas críticas em outros países.
(D) capable of creating standard responses to technical problems. capaz de criar respostas padronizadas para problemas técnicos.
(E) capable of manufacturing its own components in bad conditions. capaz de fabricar seus próprios componentes em más condições.

50 – Choose the alternative containing the correct verb tenses to complete gaps (1) and (2) in paragraphs 4 and 5 respectively.

[A] have happened, collected
[B] have happened, have collected
[C] has happened, has collected
[D] happened, has collected
[E] happened, have collected

•    Gabarito D  

[A] have happened, collected
[B] have happened, have collected
[C] has happened, has collected
[D] happened, has collected
[E] happened, have collected

•    TEXTO 3   

Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões 51, 52 e 53.

Military operations in megacities

A linguistic perspective

The challenge of conducting future military operations within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban areas. Military operations in megacities, whether combat-oriented or otherwise, will be similar to those in other urban environments, but will be complicated by factors unique to the megacity environment.

First and foremost, megacities are largely multilingual. While this can be said of large cities in general, the scale of multilingualism in megacities magnifies its effects. For instance, in New York City (NYC) – a metropolitan megacity of over eighteen million people – nine foreign languages are spoken by communities of one hundred thousand or larger. Language also plays a role in determining one’s identity and the language community in which one decides to live. For example, the majority of Russian speakers in NYC tend to live in south Brooklyn and Staten Island, while Chinese speakers tend to cluster in Manhattan and Sunset Park. In megacities, language, culture, and regional context go hand in hand and often reach beyond ethnic identities.

In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we must understand the role of the languages used in its communities. How _____(1) language communities interact in megacities? What tensions ______(2) caused by multiple language communities in urban space? What role ______(3) language play in the power structures (government or otherwise) of megacities?

• Adapted from Military Review – Jan/Feb 2016

51 – Choose the statement in which the word lies is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.

(A) He lies in the sun for too long.
(B) His skill lies in his ability to communicate.
(C) I can tell from her face that she lies.
(D) A giant crocodile lies in wait for its prey.
(E) This item always lies over for a next meeting.

•    Gabarito B  

TÓPICOS - VERBO FRASAL "TO LIE IN SOMETHING",   ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS PADRONIZADAS E ESTRUTURAS LINGUÍSTICAS IDIOMÁTICAS :

• The challenge of conducting future military operations within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban areas.
• O desafio de conduzir futuras operações militares em megacidades (cidades com populações acima de dez milhões) reside em compreender as complexidades dinâmicas e multidimensionais dessas áreas urbanas.

Choose the statement in which the word lies is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.

(A) He lies in the sun for too long.

Ele fica exposto ao sol por muito tempo.

• "in the sun" (prepositional phrase)
• Intransitive Verb = TO LIE (= to be on a surface in horizontal position.)

(B) His skill lies in his ability to communicate.

Sua habilidade reside em sua capacidade de se comunicar.

>>DICTIONARY (1):

• TO LAY IN SOMETHING (phrasal verb) = to exist or be found in something (existir ou  residir em algo).
• His skill lies in his ability to communicate quite complex ideas very simply.
• Sua habilidade reside na capacidade de comunicar ideias bastante complexas de forma muito simples..
• The play's interest lies in the questions it raises about sexuality.
• O interesse da peça reside nas questões que ela levanta sobre sexualidade.

(C) I can tell from her face that she lies.

Posso dizer pelo rosto dela que ela mente.

• TO LIE" (transitive verb)(= to speak falsely, to say things that are not true.)

(D) A giant crocodile lies in wait for its prey.

Um crocodilo gigante à espreita da sua presa.

• "TO LIE IN WAIT FOR SOMETHING" (Ficar à espreita de algo) is an idiom that means to hide and wait for the right moment to attack. 

(E) This item always lies over for a next meeting.

Este item sempre fica para uma próxima reunião.

>>DICTIONARY :

• TO LIE OVER  = to stay and wait until some future time( ficar e esperar até algum momento futuro).
• The other business on the agenda will have to lie over until the next meeting.

52 – Choose the alternative containing the correct words to respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraph 3.

(A) is, does, do
(B) do, are, do
(C) are, is, do
(D) are, do, does
(E) do, are, does

•    Gabarito E  

(A) is, does, do

(B) do, are, do
(C) are, is, do
(D) are, do, does
(E) do, are, does

53 – According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(A) Urban environments are more complex than megacities.
(B) Nine languages are spoken in large cities.
(C) Language is of great concern to the military.
(D) Ethnic identities are limited by regional context.
(E) Military operations are just combat-oriented.

•    Gabarito C  

De acordo com o texto, escolha a afirmação correta.

(A) Urban environments are more complex than megacities. Os ambientes urbanos são mais complexos que as megacidades.
(B) Nine languages are spoken in large cities. Nove línguas são faladas nas grandes cidades.
(C) Language is of great concern to the military. A linguagem é de grande preocupação para os militares.
(D) Ethnic identities are limited by regional context. As identidades étnicas são limitadas pelo contexto regional.
(E) Military operations are just combat-oriented. As operações militares são apenas orientadas para o combate.

•    TEXTO 4   

Leia o TEXTO a seguir e responda às questões 54, 55 e 56.

Woman who rescued Nigerian 'witch-child' beats Obama and Pope Francis to top list of world’s most inspiring people

Mulher que resgatou 'criança-bruxa' nigeriana supera Obama e o Papa Francisco e lidera lista das pessoas mais inspiradoras do mundo

A woman who rescued a two-year-old boy who had been cast out by his own community for being a “witch-child” has been recognised in an international list of the most inspiring people of the year. Anja Ringgren Lovén, a Danish care worker who rescued the young Nigerian boy back in February 2016, beat the likes of Pope Francis, Barack Obama and the Dalai Lama to top the list of 100 inspiring individuals compiled by German-language OOOM Magazine.
Uma mulher que resgatou um menino de dois anos que tinha sido expulso da sua própria comunidade por ser uma "criança feiticeira" foi reconhecida numa lista internacional das pessoas mais inspiradoras do ano. Anja Ringgren Lovén, uma cuidadora dinamarquesa que resgatou o jovem nigeriano em fevereiro de 2016, superou nomes como o Papa Francisco, Barack Obama e o Dalai Lama e ficou no topo da lista de 100 indivíduos inspiradores compilada pela revista OOOM, de língua alemã.
An image of Ms Lovén giving the two-year-old boy (now called Hope) some water was shared around the world, and served to highlight the work she was doing to help orphan children in Nigeria. Witch accusations is a growing problem in many African countries, especially in Nigeria, where Anja’s charity African Children’s Aid Education and Development Foundation cares for other children like Hope.
Uma imagem da Sra. Lovén a dar água ao menino de dois anos (agora chamado Hope) foi partilhada em todo o mundo e serviu para destacar o trabalho que estava a fazer para ajudar crianças órfãs na Nigéria. As acusações de bruxaria são um problema crescente em muitos países africanos, especialmente na Nigéria, onde a instituição de caridade de Anja, a African Children’s Aid Education and Development Foundation, cuida de outras crianças como Hope.
“When she saw the starving child, she acted like a human being and became an inspiration for millions,” said Georg Kindel, OOOM’s editor-in-chief, who led the jury that chose the list. Speaking today about the experience, she said: “He was the size of a little baby, my whole body froze. I was thinking of my own son when I saw the boy. For me it was clear at that moment that I would fight with all my strength for him to survive.”

“Quando ela viu a criança faminta, agiu como um ser humano e tornou-se uma inspiração para milhões”, disse Georg Kindel, editor-chefe da OOOM, que liderou o júri que escolheu a lista. Falando hoje sobre a experiência, ela disse: “Ele era do tamanho de um bebé, todo o meu corpo congelou. Eu estava a pensar no meu próprio filho quando o vi. Para mim, ficou claro naquele momento que iria lutar com todas as minhas forças para que ele sobrevivesse”.

• Adapted from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/worlds-most-inspiring-person-2016-ooom-anja-ringgren-lovennigeria-witch-child-a7460976.html

54 – Choose the best alternative that correctly substitutes the word HIGHLIGHT in the sentence

• "... served to highlight the work she was doing to help orphan children in Nigeria." (paragraph 2).

(A) emphasize
(B) observe
(C) implement
(D) diminish
(E) console

•    Gabarito A  

Escolha a melhor alternativa que substitua corretamente a palavra DESTAQUE na frase "... serviu para destacar o trabalho que ela estava realizando para ajudar crianças órfãs na Nigéria." (parágrafo 2).

(A) emphasize enfatizar
(B) observe observar
(C) implement implementar
(D) diminish diminuir
(E) console console

55 – (EsPCEx-CADETE-2017) When Ms Lovén says:

• "... my whole body froze."(paragraph 3),

she means

(A) she was feeling cold and wanted to leave.
(B) she needed help because she could not walk.
(C) she felt unhappy and wanted to go home.
(D) she didn’t want Hope to find out she was there.
(E) she became suddenly paralysed with shock.

•    Gabarito E  

When Ms Lovén says:

• "... my whole body froze."(paragraph 3),

she means

(A) she was feeling cold and wanted to leave.
(B) she needed help because she could not walk.
(C) she felt unhappy and wanted to go home.
(D) she didn’t want Hope to find out she was there.
(E) she became suddenly paralysed with shock.

56 – According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative.

• I – Hope’s community didn’t want him because of a superstition.
• II – Ms Lovén started helping orphan children after she met Hope.
• III – Anja’s foundation cares for poor parents who have many children.
• IV – George Kindel was the only person who voted for Ms Lovén.
• V – Ms Lovén has a child of her own and it’s a boy.

[A] I, II and IV are correct.
[B] III and V are correct.
[C] I and V are correct.
[D] I, III and IV are correct.
[E] II, III and V are correct.

•    Gabarito C  

De acordo com o texto, leia as afirmações e escolha a alternativa correta.

I – Hope’s community didn’t want him because of a superstition. A comunidade de Hope não o queria por causa de uma superstição.

II – Ms Lovén started helping orphan children after she met Hope. A senhora Lovén começou a ajudar crianças órfãs depois de conhecer Hope.

III – Anja’s foundation cares for poor parents who have many children. A fundação de Anja cuida de pais pobres que têm muitos filhos.

IV – George Kindel was the only person who voted for Ms Lovén. George Kindel foi a única pessoa que votou em Lovén.

V – Ms Lovén has a child of her own and it’s a boy. A senhora Lovén tem um filho, que é um menino.