UFBA 2012 - Vestibular 2ª Fase - Prova de INGLÊS resolvida e comentada.

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👍Neste post, veremos a prova da UFBA-2012.
QUESTÕES de 01 a 05:

HOW  TO  CLOSE  THE  ACHIEVEMENT  GAP

       All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than any other factor. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers.They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests. By age 10, the gap is three years. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.
        A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps. Finland ensures that every kid completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who don't complete school in her city, replied, "I can tell you their names if you want." In the United States, KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program) charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school — 80 percent make it to college. Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent  to 5 percent over 20 years.
       These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us. First, get children into school early. High-quality preschooling does more for a child’s chances in school and life than any other educational intervention. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.
        Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until 30 – the age of 18 outside of school — don't ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American student. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1966, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.
        Third, pour lots of effort into training teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore’s are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly; and they award bonuses only to the top performers.
       Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also get extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.
MOURSHED, Mona; WHELAN, Fenton. How to close the achievement gap. Newsweek, New York, Aug. 23&30, 2010. p. 33.
*"peers"(l. 4): companheiros.
👉Questão 01(Valor:20 pontos):
Answer the following questions according to the text: • How do 3-year-old kids with professional parents differ from their poorer peers?
• As far as children education is concerned, what does Finland do?
• What's the strategy used by KIPP charter schools in the United States?
• What did Singapore manage to do with its achievement gap among ethnic minorities? 
👉Questão 02(Valor:20 pontos):
Mention, in a concise way, the four pieces of advice given by the authors and, when stated, the reasons why they are important. 
👉Questão 03(Valor:15 pontos):
Make all the necessary changes, following the instructions below.
• “One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students” (l. 24-25)
Ask a question so that the phrase in bold is the answer.
• “Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool; (l. 25-26)
Change this sentence into the Active Voice:
• “Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.” (l. 26-28)
Give the opposites of the boldfaced words.
👉Questão 04(Valor:10 pontos): 
Complete the following sentences as requested:
• The singular form of “many” (l. 5) is __________
• The adjective "irreversible"(l. 9) is formed ______
• The word "that"(l. 11) is functioning as a _______
• The conjunction “if ” (l. 15) expresses _________
👉Questão 05(Valor:15 pontos): 
Say to which words or phrases the following words refer to:
• “others” (l. 26):
• “its” (l. 33):
• “those” (l. 36):
👉Questão 06(Valor:20 pontos):

WISE  QUOTES  AND  SAYINGS

• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.
Albert Einstein
• He who opens a school door closes a prison.
Victor Hugo
• Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army.
Edward Everett
• A single conversation with a wise man is better than ten years of study.
Chinese proverb
• The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.
Alvin TofflerWISE quotes and sayings. Disponível em: <http//www.quotegarden.com/education.html>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2011.
Answer the following questions:
• How does Albert Einstein define education?
• According to Victor Hugo, what happens when someone opens a school door?
• What's Edward Everett's view about education?
• What does the Chinese proverb say?
• In Alvin Toffler's view, who will be the illiterate of the 21st century?

RESOLUÇÃO DA PROVA

HOW  TO  CLOSE  THE  ACHIEVEMENT  GAP
Como fechar a diferença de resultados

       All over the world, your chances of success in school and life depend more on your family circumstances than any other factor.Em todo o mundo, suas chances de sucesso na escola e na vida dependem mais das circunstâncias familiares do que qualquer outro fator. By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers.Aos três anos de idade, crianças com pais profissionais já estão um ano inteiro à frente de seus pares mais pobres..They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests.Eles sabem duas vezes mais palavras e pontuação 40 pontos mais elevados nos testes de QI.. By age 10, the gap is three years.Aos 10 anos, a diferença é de três anos. By then, some poor children have not mastered basic reading and math skills, and many never will:Até então, algumas crianças pobres não tem dominado habilidades de matemática e de leituras básicas, e muitas nunca irão: this is the age at which failure starts to become irreversible.Esta é a idade em que a falha começa a tornar-se irreversível.
        A few school systems seem to have figured out how to erase these gaps.Alguns sistemas escolares parecem ter descoberto como apagar essas lacunas.Finland ensures that every kid completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard.A Finlândia ASSEGURA que cada criança complete a educação básica e RECEBA um padrão rigoroso. One Finnish district official, asked about the number of children who don’t complete school in her city, replied, “I can tell you their names if you want.”Um funcionário do distrito finlandês, perguntou sobre o número de crianças que não completaram a escola em sua cidade, respondeu: "Eu posso te contar seus nomes se quiser". In the United States, KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program) charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school — 80 percent make it to college.Nos Estados Unidos, as escolas autônomas do KIPP  MATRICULAM os alunos das famílias mais pobres e ASSEGURAM que quase todas elas se formem na escola secundária - 80% chegam à faculdade.Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent  to 5 percent over 20 years.Cingapura REDUZIU a sua DIFERENÇA DE RESULTADOS entre as minorias étnicas entre 17% e 5% em 20 anos.
       These success stories offer lessons for the rest of us.Essas histórias de sucesso oferecem aulas para o resto de nós. First, get children into school early. High-quality preschooling does more for a child's chances in school and life than any other educational intervention.Primeiro, levam as crianças na escola cedo. A pré-escolaridade de alta qualidade faz mais para as chances de uma criança na escola e na vida do que qualquer outra intervenção educacional. One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students from disadvantaged backgrounds.Um estudo, que começou na década de 1960, acompanhou dois grupos de estudantes de origens desfavorecidas. Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool; others were not. Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced.Alguns tiveram a oportunidade de participar de uma pré-escola de alta qualidade; Outros não eram. Trinta e cinco anos depois, as crianças que frequentavam a pré-escola ganhavam mais, tinham melhores empregos e eram menos propensas a estarem presas ou divorciadas.
        Second, recognize that the average kid spends about half his waking hours up until 30 – the age of 18 outside of school — don’t ignore that time. KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American student.Em segundo lugar, reconheçem que a criança média gasta cerca de metade de suas horas de vigília até 30 anos - a idade de 18 anos fora da escola - não ignore esse tempo. Os estudantes da KIPP passam 60% mais tempo na escola do que o estudante americano médio. They arrive earlier, leave later, attend more regularly, and even go to school every other Saturday. Similarly, in 1966, Chile extended its school day to add the equivalent of more than two more years of schooling.Elas chegam mais cedo, vão mais tarde, freqüentam mais regularmente e até frequentam a escola todos os outros sábados. Da mesma forma, em 1966, o Chile estendeu seu dia escolar para adicionar o equivalente a mais dois anos de escolaridade.
        Third, pour lots of effort into training teachers. Studies in the United States have shown that kids with the most effective teachers learn three times as much as those with the least effective. Systems such as Singapore’s are choosy about recruiting; they invest in training and continuing education; they evaluate teachers regularly; and they award bonuses only to the top performers.Em terceiro lugar, esforce-se muito para formar professores. Estudos nos Estados Unidos mostraram que as crianças com os professores mais eficazes aprendem três vezes mais do que as que têm menos efetivo. Sistemas como o de Cingapura são exigentes quanto ao recrutamento; Eles investem em treinamento e educação contínua; Eles avaliam professores regularmente; E eles concedem bônus somente aos melhores artistas.
       Finally, recognize the value of individualized attention. In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also get extra help from a tutor each year. If we can learn the lesson of what works, we can build on it.Finalmente, reconheça o valor da atenção individualizada. Na Finlândia, as crianças que começam a lutar recebem apoio individual de seus professores. Aproximadamente um em três estudantes finlandeses também recebem ajuda extra de um tutor a cada ano. Se pudermos aprender a lição sobre o que funciona, podemos construir sobre isso.
MOURSHED, Mona; WHELAN, Fenton. How to close the achievement gap. Newsweek, New York, Aug. 23&30, 2010. p. 33.
“peers” (l. 4): companheiros.
👉Questão 01(Valor:20 pontos):
Answer the following questions according to the text: • How do 3-year-old kids with professional parents differ from their poorer peers?
Resposta:Aos três anos de idade, crianças de pais profissionais já estão um ano inteiro à frente de seus pares mais pobres.Elas conhecem duas vezes mais  palavras e marcam 40 pontos acima nos testes de QI.Portanto,diferem no VOCABULÁRIO e no QI.
Comprovação no texto:
[...]"By age three, kids with professional parents are already a full year ahead of their poorer peers.They know twice as many words and score 40 points higher on IQ tests."
• As far as children education is concerned, what does Finland do?No que diz respeito à educação infantil, o que a Finlândia faz?
Resposta:
A Finlândia assegura que toda criança complete a educação fundamental obedecendo a um rigoroso padrão. Além disso, crianças com mais dificuldades recebem atendimento individualizado de seus professores e ajuda extra de um tutor.

Comprovação no texto:
[...]"Finland ensures that every kid completes basic education and meets a rigorous standard."
[...]"In Finland, kids who start to struggle receive one-on-one support from their teachers. Roughly one in three Finnish students also get extra help from a tutor each year."
• What's the strategy used by KIPP charter schools in the United States?Qual é a estratégia usada pelas escolas contratadas  KIPP nos Estados Unidos?
Resposta:
Nos Estados Unidos, as escolas contratadas KIPP matriculam alunos de famílias mais pobres e asseguram que quase todos concluam o Curso Médio — 80% deles conseguem ingressar no curso superior. Os alunos do KIPP permanecem mais tempo na escola do que a média dos estudantes americanos.

Comprovação no texto:
[...]"In the United States, KIPP (Knowledge Is Power Program) charter schools enroll students from the poorest families and ensure that almost every one of them graduates high school — 80 percent make it to college."
[...]"KIPP students spend 60 percent more time in school than the average American student."
• What did Singapore manage to do with its achievement gap among ethnic minorities?O que Cingapura conseguiu fazer com a DIFERENÇA DE RESULTADOS entre as minorias étnicas?
Resposta:
Singapura conseguiu diminuir a diferença de resultados entre as minorias étnicas de 17% para 5% em um período de 20 anos.

Comprovação no texto:
[...]"Singapore narrowed its achievement gap among ethnic minorities from 17 percent  to 5 percent over 20 years."
👉Questão 02(Valor:20 pontos):Mention, in a concise way, the four pieces of advice given by the authors and, when stated, the reasons why they are important.Mencionar, de forma concisa, os quatro conselhos fornecidos pelos autores e, quando declarados, os motivos pelos quais são importantes.
Resposta:
1°)Colocar as crianças na escola cedo. A pré-escola de alta qualidade faz mais pelas chances de sucesso de uma criança na escola e na vida do que qualquer outra intervenção educativa. 
2°) Reconhecer que a criança, de modo geral, passa a metade das horas, quando acordada, fora da escola até os 18 anos, razão pela qual não se deve ignorar esse tempo.
3°) Assegurar todos os esforços no treinamento de professores. Estudos nos Estados Unidos mostram que as crianças aprendem três vezes mais com professores bem qualificados e eficientes.
4º) Reconhecer a importância da atenção individualizada.

👉Questão 03(Valor:15 pontos):Make all the necessary changes, following the instructions below.Faça todas as mudanças necessárias, seguindo as instruções abaixo.
• "One study, which began in the 1960s, tracked two groups of students"Um estudo, que começou na década de 1960, rastreou dois grupos de estudantes(l. 24-25)
Ask a question so that the phrase in bold is the answer.Faça uma pergunta para que a frase em negrito seja a resposta.
→When did one study begin?  When did the study that/which tracked two groups of students begin?
• "Some were given the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool"Alguns tiveram a oportunidade de participar de uma pré-escola de alta qualidade; (l. 25-26)
Change this sentence into the Active Voice:
→A sentença acima na voz ativa é:
"They gave some students the opportunity to attend a high-quality preschool."Eles deram a alguns alunos a oportunidade de participar de uma pré-escola de alta qualidade.
• "Thirty-five years later, the kids who went to preschool were earning more, had better jobs, and were less likely to have been in prison or divorced(l. 26-28).Trinta e cinco anos depois, as crianças que frequentavam a pré-escola ganhavam mais, tinham melhores empregos e eram menos propensas a estarem presas ou divorciadas.
Give the opposites of the boldfaced words.
→ Os opostos das palavras em negrito são:(later x earlier),(more x less),(better x worse),(less x more). 
👉Questão 04(Valor:10 pontos): Complete the following sentences as requested:
• The singular form of "many"(l. 5) is MUCH.
• The adjective "irreversible"(l. 9) is formed by adding a prefix (ir-) and a suffix (-ible).
• The word "that"(l. 11) is functioning as a  CONJUCTION.
• The conjunction "if"(l. 15) expresses CONDITION.
👉Questão 05(Valor:15 pontos): 
Say to which words or phrases the following words refer to:
• "others"(l. 26) refere-se a "students from disadvantaged backgrounds".
• "its"(l. 33) refere-se a "Chile".
• "those"(l. 36) refere-se a kids “with the least effective (teachers)".
👉Questão 06(Valor:20 pontos):

WISE  QUOTES  AND  SAYINGS

• Education is what remains after one has forgotten what one has learned in school.
Albert Einstein
Educação é o que permanece depois que se esquece o que se aprende na escola.
• He who opens a school door closes a prison.
Victor Hugo
Aquele que abre a porta de uma escola fecha uma prisão.
• Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army.
Edward Everett
Educação é uma melhor salvaguarda da liberdade do que um exército de prontidão.  
• A single conversation with a wise man is better than ten years of study.
Chinese proverb
Uma única conversa com um sábio vale mais do que dez anos de estudo. 
• The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn.
Alvin Toffler
Os analfabetos do século XXI não serão aqueles que não sabem ler e escrever, mas aqueles que não sabem aprender, desaprender e reaprender. 
WISE quotes and sayings. Disponível em: <http//www.quotegarden.com/education.html>. Acesso em: 21 set. 2011.
Answer the following questions:
• How does Albert Einstein define education?
• According to Victor Hugo, what happens when someone opens a school door?
• What's Edward Everett's view about education?
• What does the Chinese proverb say?
• In Alvin Toffler's view, who will be the illiterate of the 21st century?