CEBRASPE 2018 – ABIN – AGENTE DE INTELIGÊNCIA – LÍNGUA INGLESA

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• CEBRASPE-2018-AGÊNCIA BRASILEIRA DE INTELIGÊNCIA-OFICIAL DE INTELIGÊNCIA-11/03/2018.

cebraspe.org.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 5 TFQs (True False Questions)

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO:This text refers to items from 1 through 5.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

The increase in scrutiny and reduction in powers for security agencies has to a considerable extent been triggered by the revelations of the former National Security agency whistle-blower Edward Snowden. O aumento do escrutínio e a redução dos poderes das agências de segurança foram, em grande medida, desencadeados pelas revelações do antigo denunciante da Agência de Segurança Nacional, Edward Snowden.

These disclosures, along with other leaks from organizations such as WikiLeaks, have shed light on a series of illegal practices adopted by intelligence agencies in many countries, in particular the USA, Germany and the UK. Estas revelações, juntamente com outras fugas de informação de organizações como a WikiLeaks, lançaram luz sobre uma série de práticas ilegais adoptadas por agências de inteligência em muitos países, em particular nos EUA, na Alemanha e no Reino Unido.

This has led to an unprecedented shift in the nature of intelligence legislation in many parts of the world, with security services witnessing a reduction in their powers for the first time in the post-9/11 era, defined by the West’s commitment to the  war on terror. Isto levou a uma mudança sem precedentes na natureza da legislação de inteligência em muitas partes do mundo, com os serviços de segurança a testemunhar uma redução dos seus poderes pela primeira vez na era pós-11 de Setembro, definida pelo compromisso do Ocidente com a guerra. sobre o terror.

However, despite claims that the agencies are working in the interest of national security, critics counter that overbearing surveillance practices erode and restrict many civil liberties. No entanto, apesar das alegações de que as agências estão a trabalhar no interesse da segurança nacional, os críticos contestam que as práticas de vigilância autoritárias corroem e restringem muitas liberdades civis.

In spite of the introduction of restrictions in the USA and Germany, Great Britain appears to be heading in the opposite direction when it comes to surveillance policy, with the UK’s Conservative government putting forward plans to grant spy agencies yet more powers to deal with threats to  national security. Apesar da introdução de restrições nos EUA e na Alemanha, a Grã-Bretanha parece estar a caminhar na direção oposta no que diz respeito à política de vigilância, com o governo conservador do Reino Unido a apresentar planos para conceder às agências de espionagem ainda mais poderes para lidar com ameaças a segurança nacional.

The British government has outlined its highly controversial plan to introduce the Investigatory Powers Bill, which would grant agencies not only more power but also allow them to force Internet companies to log and track users’ web history for up to a year to allow for the police and security services access. O governo britânico delineou o seu plano altamente controverso para introduzir a Lei dos Poderes de Investigação, que concederia às agências não só mais poder, mas também lhes permitiria forçar as empresas da Internet a registar e rastrear o histórico dos utilizadores na web durante até um ano, para permitir que a polícia e acesso a serviços de segurança.

It is thought the plan would also compel companies to collect and hold data on mobile phone applications like WhatsApp and Snapchat. Acredita-se que o plano também obrigaria as empresas a coletar e reter dados em aplicativos de telefonia móvel como WhatsApp e Snapchat.

Snowden: the legacy of the Leaks. Internet: <www.mintpressnews> (adapted).

Snowden: o legado dos vazamentos. Internet: <www.mintpressnews> (adaptado).

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO:

1. It can be inferred from the text that a bill, as in “Investigatory Powers Bill” (l.24), is a new law that was presented to Parliament for discussion, passed and is ready to be enacted. Pode-se inferir do texto que um projeto de lei, como em “Investigatory Powers Bill”, é uma nova lei que foi apresentada ao Parlamento para discussão, aprovada e está pronta para ser promulgada. (ERRADA)

➭ O texto não relata que que IPB foi apresentada ao Parlamento e nem diz que foi aprovado, CONFORME o trecho (linhas:23-30):

☛ "[...] The British government has outlined its highly controversial plan to introduce the Investigatory Powers Bill, which would grant agencies not only more power but also allow them to force Internet companies to log and track users' web history for up to a year to allow for the police and security services access. It is thought the plan would also compel companies to collect and hold data on mobile phone applications like WhatsApp and Snapchat."

(O governo britânico delineou seu plano altamente controverso de introduzir o Investigatory Powers Bill, que concederia às agências não apenas mais poder, mas também permitiria que as empresas de Internet registrassem e rastreassem o histórico da web dos usuários por até um ano para permitir a polícia e acesso aos serviços de segurança. Acredita-se que o plano também obrigaria as empresas a coletar e manter dados em aplicativos de telefonia móvel como WhatsApp e Snapchat.).

➭ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:

De acordo com o texto, o "Investigatory Powers Bill" (IPB) é apenas um projeto de lei da Grã-Bretanha que contem os planos do governo para criar uma base legal para vigilância em massa, retenção de dados e práticas de intrusão remota do país.

➭ VOCABULARY:

• BILL  – bill noun (LAW).- a formal statement of a planned new law that is discussed before being voted on - PROJETO DE LEI.

☛ After a bill is passed by both houses of Congress, it becomes law when the president signs it. – Depois que um projeto de lei é aprovado pelas duas casas do Congresso, ele se torna lei quando o presidente o assina. [Cambridge Dictionary]

• BILL  – bill noun (REQUEST FOR PAYMENT) - a request for payment of money owed, - a CONTA.

☛ An electricity/gas/phone bill. – Uma conta de luz/gás/telefone.

• BILL  – bill noun (MONEY) - a piece of paper money - CÉDULA DE DINHEIRO.

☛ A ten-dollar bill. - uma nota de dez dólares.

2. According to the text, the events that followed the September 11th attacks, as well as the systematic leaking of government classified material, have helped shape the way some intelligence agencies have been operating. De acordo com o texto, os eventos que se seguiram aos ataques de 11 de setembro, bem como o vazamento sistemático de material confidencial do governo, ajudaram a moldar a forma como algumas agências de inteligência têm operado. (CORRETA)

3. The author of the text implies that the fight against terrorism is no longer a major priority for Anglo-American intelligence services. O autor do texto dá a entender que a luta contra o terrorismo deixou de ser uma grande prioridade para os serviços de inteligência anglo-americanos. (ERRADA)

4. In the text, “ALONG WITH” (l.5) can be correctly replaced with the synonymous expression AFTER A LONG TIME. No texto, “ALONG WITH” (JUNTAMENTE COM) pode ser corretamente substituído pela expressão sinônima AFTER A LONG TIME (DEPOIS DE MUITO TEMPO). (ERRADA)

➭ ERRADA – “ALONG WITH” e "AFTER A LONG TIME" transmitem ideias diferentes.

➭ The increase in scrutiny and reduction in powers for security agencies has to a considerable extent been triggered by the revelations of the former National Security agency whistle-blower Edward Snowden. These disclosures, along with other leaks from organizations such as WikiLeaks, have shed light on a series of illegal practices adopted by intelligence agencies in many countries, in particular the USA, Germany and the UK.

(O aumento do escrutínio e a redução dos poderes das agências de segurança foram, em grande parte, desencadeados pelas revelações do ex-denunciante da agência de Segurança Nacional, Edward Snowden. Essas divulgações, JUNTAMENTE COM outros vazamentos de organizações como WikiLeaks, lançaram luz sobre uma série de práticas ilegais adotadas por agências de inteligência em muitos países, em particular nos EUA, Alemanha e Reino Unido.)

• ALONG WITH someone/something (phrase) – IN ADDITION TO to someone or something ELSE. – JUNTAMENTE COM.

☛ Send your application, along with the fee, to our head office. – Envie sua inscrição, JUNTAMENTE COM a taxa, para nossa sede. [https://dictionary.cambridge.org/]

• GO ALONG WITH somebody/something (phrasal verb) – TO AGREE WITH or SUPPORT someone or something – CONCORDAR COM, SEGUIR COM. [www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/go-along-with]

☛ I would be happy to go along with the idea. I would be happy to go along with the idea. – Eu ficaria feliz em seguir a ideia.

☛ Often it was easier to go along with her rather than risk an argument. – Muitas vezes era mais fácil concordar com ela do que arriscar uma discussão.

• AFTER A LONG TIME – DEPOIS DE MUITO TEMPO. 

☛ Nice to see you after a long time. – Bom te ver depois de muito tempo.

5. As far as the use of apostrophes is concerned, there is significant difference in meaning between “USERS’” (l.26) and USER'S. No que diz respeito ao uso de apóstrofes, há significativa diferença de significado entre “USERS'” (l.26) e USER'S. (CORRETA)

☛ and track users’ web history....  - e rastreassem o histórico da web dos usuários. (RASTREAR VÁRIOS USUÁRIOS)

☛ and track user's web history....  - e rastrear o histórico da web do usuário. (RASTREAR 1(Um) USUÁRIO).

CEBRASPE 2018 – ABIN – OFICIAL DE INTELIGÊNCIA – LÍNGUA INGLESA

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• CEBRASPE-2018-AGÊNCIA BRASILEIRA DE INTELIGÊNCIA-OFICIAL DE INTELIGÊNCIA-11/03/2018.

cebraspe.org.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 10 TFQs (True False Questions)

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO: This text refers to items from 1 through 4.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

Cyber-cafés were once a favoured tool of Western intelligence and security agencies. Os cibercafés já foram uma ferramenta preferida das agências ocidentais de inteligência e segurança.

They were inconspicuous, cheap to establish and highly effective. Eles eram discretos, baratos de estabelecer e altamente eficazes.

Set up near an international summit buzzing with targets, or close to a place where drug-dealers peddle their wares, these facilities allowed their masters to monitor browsing habits, obtain targets’ logins and passwords, and plant spyware for future use. Instaladas perto de uma cimeira internacional repleta de alvos, ou perto de um local onde traficantes de droga vendem os seus produtos, estas instalações permitiam aos seus mestres monitorizar hábitos de navegação, obter logins e palavras-passe dos alvos e plantar spyware para utilização futura.

This was legal: consent was buried in the terms and conditions which users clicked on without reading. Isto era legal: o consentimento estava oculto nos termos e condições nos quais os usuários clicavam sem ler.

And in a neat twist, security-conscious people trying to avoid using their own computers favoured such places. E, em uma reviravolta, as pessoas preocupadas com a segurança que tentavam evitar o uso de seus próprios computadores preferiam esses lugares.

Some would hop between cafés, unaware that all the convenient ones were run by the authorities. Alguns saltavam entre os cafés, sem saber que todos os convenientes eram geridos pelas autoridades.

Not any more. Edward Snowden, a former contractor for America’s National Security Agency (NSA) now living in Moscow, revealed the use of cyber-cafés to spy on the G20 summit in London in 2009. Não mais. Edward Snowden, antigo contratado da Agência de Segurança Nacional dos Estados Unidos (NSA), que agora vive em Moscovo, revelou a utilização de cibercafés para espionar a cimeira do G20 em Londres, em 2009.

Now people are wary. Agora as pessoas estão cautelosas.

In many countries the cyber-cafés have been closed. Em muitos países os cibercafés foram fechados.

The staff who ran them have had to be moved (and in some cases given costly new identities). O pessoal que os dirigia teve de ser transferido (e, em alguns casos, recebeu novas identidades dispendiosas).

The episode highlights one of the most important trends in modern intelligence work. O episódio destaca uma das tendências mais importantes no trabalho moderno de inteligência.

Collecting electronic information is generally getting easier. A coleta de informações eletrônicas geralmente está ficando mais fácil.

It is hard to lead a completely non-digital life, and any activity using computers and networks creates openings for the watchers. É difícil levar uma vida completamente não digital, e qualquer atividade que utilize computadores e redes cria aberturas para os observadores.

An e-mail is as easy to read as a postcard for anyone with modest technical skills. Um e-mail é tão fácil de ler quanto um cartão postal para qualquer pessoa com modestos conhecimentos técnicos.

With a few tweaks, mobile phones become tracking beacons and bugging devices. Com alguns ajustes, os telefones celulares se tornam beacons de rastreamento e dispositivos de escuta.

Most people readily trade private information for convenience. A maioria das pessoas troca prontamente informações privadas por conveniência.

And hacking into computers can yield vast amounts of intelligence. E invadir computadores pode gerar grandes quantidades de inteligência.

A lot of spying, however, has become trickier. Muita espionagem, no entanto, tornou-se mais complicada.

It is much more difficult for intelligence officers to maintain secrecy and create fake identities. É muito mais difícil para os agentes de inteligência manter o sigilo e criar identidades falsas.

And high expectations of privacy, especially in the digital realm, mean that in many countries the work of intelligence and security agencies arouses outrage, not gratitude. E as elevadas expectativas de privacidade, especialmente no domínio digital, significam que em muitos países o trabalho das agências de inteligência e de segurança suscita indignação e não gratidão.

Intelligence and democracy — a new age of espionage.

In: The Economist, 30/7/2015 (adapted).

Inteligência e democracia – uma nova era de espionagem.

In: The Economist, 30/07/2015 (adaptado).

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO: Based on text CB1A5AAA, judge the following items.

1 The expression “neat twist” (l.9) refers to the irony of cyber-café patrons becoming victims of their own security consciousness. A expressão “neat twist” refere-se à ironia dos clientes dos cyber-cafés tornarem-se vítimas de sua própria consciência de segurança. (CORRETO)

➭ A expressão “AND I A NEAT TWIST” (= E por ironia) refere-se a ironia de que pessoas que tinha consciência de segurança acabavam favorecendo lugares que "absorviam" todos os seus passos na internet, conforme o trecho().

• "[...]  And in a neat twist, security-conscious people trying to avoid using their own computers favoured such places.

(E, por ironia, pessoas preocupadas com a segurança que tentam evitar o uso de seus próprios computadores, favorecem esses lugares.)

➭ VOCABULARY:

☛ PATRON – noun [C] – SUPPORTER – APOIADOR, PATROCINADOR.

• The Princess Royal is a well-known patron of several charities. – A Princesa Real é uma conhecida APOIADORA de várias instituições de caridade. [Cambridge Dictionary]

☛ PATRON – noun [C] – CUSTOMER – CLIENTE.

• This car park is for patrons only. – Este estacionamento é apenas para clientes. [Cambridge Dictionary]

2 The author of the text suggests that the old-fashioned way of sending messages on postcards can be as dangerous as sending them through cyber-café computers. O autor do texto sugere que a velha forma de enviar mensagens em cartões-postais pode ser tão perigosa quanto enviá-las por meio de computadores de cibercafés. (ERRADO)

➭ O autor menciona o verbo TO READ e não TO SEND, conforme o trecho (linhas:24-26):

• "[...] An e-mail is as easy to read as a postcard for anyone with modest technical skills.

(Um e-mail é tão fácil de ler (interceptar) quanto um cartão postal para qualquer pessoa com habilidades técnicas modestas.) 

3 The author is critical of people who should be, but are not, thankful for the work intelligence and security agents do. O autor faz críticas a pessoas que deveriam agradecer, mas não agradecem, o trabalho que os agentes de inteligência e segurança fazem. (ERRADO)

☛ O autor constrói a sua argumentação justificando que, em muitos países a forma de agir dos serviços das agências de inteligência e segurança desperta indignação e não gratidão, conforme o trecho()

• "[...] A lot of spying, however, has become trickier. It is much more difficult for intelligence officers to maintain secrecy and create fake identities. And high expectations of privacy, especially in the digital realm, mean that in many countries the work of intelligence and security agencies arouses outrage, not gratitude."

(Muita espionagem, no entanto, tornou-se mais complicada. É muito mais difícil para os oficiais de inteligência manter sigilo e criar identidades falsas. E as altas expectativas de privacidade, especialmente no mundo digital, significam que em muitos países o trabalho das agências de inteligência e segurança desperta indignação, não gratidão.) 

4 The words “unaware” (l.12) and “wary” (l.16) are related in terms of meaning, being both connected to the notion of caution and attention. As palavras “desconsciente” (l.12) e “cauteloso” (l.16) estão relacionadas em termos de significado, estando ambas ligadas à noção de cautela e atenção.

☛ O gabarito é CORRETO. No entanto, considero a questão ERRADA porque WARY(cauteloso com o perigo) está relacionado com o adjetivo AWARE (vigilante ou em guarda contra o perigo ou dificuldade) e não UNWARE.

• "[...] Some would hop between cafés, unaware that all the convenient ones were run by the authorities."

• "[...] Now people are wary.

➭ VOCABULARY:

☛ UNWARE – adjective [ after verb ] – not understanding or realizing something – DESCONHECEDOR, DESPERCEBIDO.

• I was completely unaware of the problem. – Eu desconhecia completamente o problema. [Cambridge Dictionary]

• Mike seems unaware of the trouble he’s causing. – Mike parece não saber do problema que está causando. [Longman Dictionary]

☛ WARY – adjective – SYNONYM "CAUTIOUS". – CAUTELOSO  com o perigo; observando e protegendo-se cuidadosamente contra enganos, artifícios e perigos.

• Be wary of strangers who offer you a ride. – Desconfie de estranhos que lhe oferecem uma carona. [Oxford Dictionary]

5 In the fragment “on becoming director of the American National Security Agency” (l.9 and 10), the preposition “on” refers to a period when the action is taking place. No fragmento “ao tornar-se diretor da Agência Americana de Segurança Nacional” (l.9 e 10), a preposição “on” refere-se a um período em que a ação está ocorrendo. (CORRETO)

☛ ON. contextualmente, refere-se ao momento em que Michael Hayden está começando a ser diretor da NSA, conforme o trecho:

• "[...] As recently as 1999, on becoming director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff."

(Ainda em 1999, ao tornar-se diretor da Agência de Segurança Nacional Americana (NSA), Michael Hayden pediu para enviar um e-mail a todos os funcionários.)

❑ TEXTO 2: This text refers to items from 5 through 10.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:

Western intelligence agencies used to inhabit a parallel world where spy battled spy. As agências de inteligência ocidentais costumavam habitar um mundo paralelo onde espiões lutavam contra espiões.

Their trade was stealing or guarding secrets. Seu ofício era roubar ou guardar segredos.

Their masters were the men and women in  government. Seus senhores eram os homens e as mulheres no governo.

Today the intelligence services are part of everyone’s world. Hoje os serviços de inteligência fazem parte do mundo de todos.

Their main task has been to protect society from terrorists and criminals. A sua principal tarefa tem sido proteger a sociedade contra terroristas e criminosos.

They are increasingly held to account in the press, parliaments and courts. São cada vez mais responsabilizados pela imprensa, pelos parlamentos e pelos tribunais.

The intelligence revolution is partly the result of new technology. A revolução da inteligência é, em parte, resultado de novas tecnologias.

As recently as 1999, on becoming director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff. Ainda em 1999, ao tornar-se diretor da Agência Americana de Segurança Nacional (NSA), Michael Hayden pediu para enviar um e-mail a todo o pessoal.

He was told: “We can’t actually do that.” Disseram-lhe: “Na verdade, não podemos fazer isso”.

The organization used computers to break codes rather than to surf the web as everyone else did. A organização usou computadores para quebrar códigos em vez de navegar na web como todos os outros faziam.

The NSA’s new facility in Utah, the first of several, now stores exabytes of data drawn from everyday communications. As novas instalações da NSA em Utah, a primeira de várias, armazenam agora exabytes de dados extraídos das comunicações diárias.

At Britain’s GCHQ, most code-breaking was done on paper until well into the 1980s. No GCHQ da Grã-Bretanha, a maior parte da decifração de códigos foi feita no papel até meados da década de 1980.

The revolution has brought spying closer to ordinary people. A revolução aproximou a espionagem das pessoas comuns.

After the attacks on America on September 11th 19 2001, counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency became the focus for the American intelligence agencies. Após os ataques à América em 11 de Setembro de 2001, o contra-terrorismo e a contra-insurgência tornaram-se o foco das agências de inteligência americanas.

Almost two-thirds of today’s intelligence personnel have been hired since 9/11. Quase dois terços do pessoal de inteligência atual foram contratados desde o 11 de Setembro.

As the world has moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists. À medida que o mundo se moveu online, os espiões envolveram-se na monitorização do crime organizado e dos pedófilos, bem como dos terroristas.

In a not very remote past, spies sent coded messages using short-wave radios and dead letter boxes. Num passado não muito remoto, os espiões enviavam mensagens codificadas usando rádios de ondas curtas e caixas de correio morto.

Now the communications of the spooks’ new targets are mixed in with everyone else’s, shuttling between computers and smartphones that are identical to those on your desk and in your pocket. Agora, as comunicações dos novos alvos dos espiões misturam-se com as de todos os outros, alternando entre computadores e smartphones idênticos aos que estão na sua secretária e no seu bolso.

Counter-terrorism, in particular, is pre-emptive. O combate ao terrorismo, em particular, é preventivo.

Hence the security services have had to act as hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence. Assim, os serviços de segurança tiveram de agir como caçadores de conspirações e não como recolhedores de provas.

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO:

5 In the fragment “on becoming director of the American National Security Agency” (l.9 and 10), the preposition “on” refers to a period when the action is taking place. No fragmento “ao tornar-se diretor da Agência Americana de Segurança Nacional” (l.9 e 10), a preposição “on” refere-se a um período em que a ação está ocorrendo. (CORRETO)☛ ON. contextualmente, refere-se ao momento em que Michael Hayden está começando a ser diretor da NSA, conforme o trecho:

• "[...] As recently as 1999, on becoming director of the American National Security Agency (NSA), Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff."

(Ainda em 1999, ao tornar-se diretor da Agência de Segurança Nacional Americana (NSA), Michael Hayden pediu para enviar um e-mail a todos os funcionários.)

 

6 The author defends the idea that the fight against organized and sexual crimes has diverted invaluable but scarce resources from what should be America’s secret services’ main goal: the combat against terrorism. O autor defende a ideia de que o combate aos crimes sexuais e organizados desviou recursos inestimáveis, mas escassos, daquele que deveria ser o principal objetivo dos serviços secretos americanos: o combate ao terrorismo. (ERRADO)

☛ O autor constrói a sua argumentação explicando que à medida que o mundo se move online, os espiões passaram a se envolver no monitoramento do crime organizado e dos pedófilos, bem como dos terroristas, conforme o trecho (linhas:23-25):

• "[...] As the world has moved online, so the spooks have become involved in monitoring organized crime and paedophiles as well as terrorists."

(À medida que o mundo se move online, os espiões passaram a se envolver no monitoramento do crime organizado e dos pedófilos, bem como dos terroristas.)

➭ VOCABULARY:

☛ AS WELL AS – idiom – IN ADDITION, AND ALSO – BEM COMO, EM ADIÇÃO, E TAMBÉM.

• We have a responsibility to our community as well as to our families. [Cambridge Dictionary]

7 The idea expressed in “Counter-terrorism (…) is pre-emptive” (l.31) can be also found in the following proverb: It is better to prevent than to cure. A ideia expressa em “O contraterrorismo (…) é preventivo” encontra-se também no seguinte provérbio: É melhor prevenir do que remediar. (CORRETO)

☛ O adjetivo PRE-EMPTIVE apresenta o sentido de PREVENTIVO, ou seja, refere-se a tudo aquilo que tem por finalidade a prevenção:

• "[...] Counter-terrorism, in particular, is pre-emptive. Hence the security services have had to act as hunters of conspiracies rather than gatherers of evidence.

(O contraterrorismo, em particular, é preventivo. Portanto, os serviços de segurança tiveram que agir como caçadores de conspirações, e não como coletores de evidências.)

8 GCHQ experts decided to stop producing academic papers about code-breaking techniques only in the two last decades of the last century. Os especialistas do GCHQ decidiram parar de produzir artigos acadêmicos sobre técnicas de quebra de códigos apenas nas duas últimas décadas do século passado. (ERRADO)

9 In line 31, the connector “Hence” introduces a logical conclusion. Na linha 31, o conector “Hence (Daí) introduz uma conclusão lógica. (CORRETO)

10 The sentence “Michael Hayden asked to send an e-mail to all staff” (l.10 and 11) can be correctly paraphrased in the following terms: Michael Hayden enquired all his employees if he could send an electronic message. A sentença “Michael Hayden pediu para enviar um e-mail a todos os funcionários” (l.10 e 11) pode ser corretamente parafraseada nos seguintes termos: Michael Hayden perguntou a todos os seus funcionários se ele poderia enviar uma mensagem eletrônica. 

(ERRADO)

CEBRASPE – 2018 – SEDUC/AL – PROFESSOR DE INGLÊS

 Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CEBRASPE-2018-SEDUC/AL-PROFESSOR DE INGLÊS, aplicação em 01/04/2018.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 50 questões do tipo  CORRETA (C) ou ERRADA (E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-C, 02-E, 03-C, 04-E, 05-C

06-C, 07-E, 08-C, 09-E, 10-E

11-C, 12-C, 13-E, 14-C, 15-E

16-E, 17-C, 18-C, 19-C, 20-C

21-C, 22-C, 23-E, 24-E, 25-E

26-C, 27-E, 28-E, 29-C, 30-E

31-C, 32-E, 33-C, 34-E, 35-C

36-C, 37-E, 38-C, 39-E, 40-C

41-E, 42-C, 43-E, 44-E, 45-C

46-E, 47-C, 48-E, 49-E, 50-C

➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

• to pinch = apertar, comprimir.
• to suppress = suprimir, abafar.
• turned up = apareceu.
• has ruptured his throat = rompeu a garganta.
• can cause ear damage = pode causar danos ao ouvido.
• as it may lead to = pois pode levar a.
• could be deadly = pode ser mortal.
• sneeze (sNíz) = espirro.
• throat = garganta.
• a dangerous maneuver = uma manobra perigosa.
• ruptured throat = garganta rompida.
• felt a pop = sentiu um estalo
• Holding back a sneeze = Segurar um espirro
• for a week = por uma semana.
• He made a full recovery = Ele teve uma recuperação completa.
• [an emergency department = um pronto-socorro.
• [brain aneurysm = aneurisma cerebral.
• [chest cavity = cavidade torácica.
• side effect = efeito colateral.

➧ TEXTO I: This text refers to items from 01 through 10.

In recent years, there has been a dramatic change in1 the reach of English language teaching all over the world and an increasing demand for competent English language teachers, as well as for language programmes that can offer the English language skills and competencies needed by today's global citizens. The teaching of English consumes a considerable portion of available educational resources in many countries, and English is not necessarily a neutral product offering equal opportunities for all. English teachers, therefore, need to appreciate the special status English has in modern life, what its costs and benefits are to those who try to learn it, the different motivations learners may have for learning English and the different circumstances in which they learn it.

The English language has a complex status in today's world. For some people, it is acquired as a first language. For some, it may be learned at school, and may be essential for academic and professional success. For others, it may represent a subject that they are required to study in school, but for which they have no immediate need. And English means different things to people in different parts of the world. For some, it may arouse positive feelings as the language of pop culture, the media and social networking. For others, it may have22 associations with colonialism, exploitation, elitism or social and economic inequality.

English today has a unique status, as a consequence of the role it plays around the world and its function as an international or world language. It has been described as the world's lingua franca. Although some 380 million people speak it as a first language in countries like Australia, Canada, the United States and Great Britain, a further 600 million people use it, alongside other languages, as a second language — in countries like Nigeria, India and the Philippines. And another one billion people are studying it, at any one time, as a foreign language, in countries like China, South Korea, France, Germany, Russia and Brazil.

Jack C. Richards.

Key issues in language learning.

CUP, 2015 (adapted).

Based on the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the items below.

01. The expression “all over the world” (l.2) is synonymous with worldwide.

02. In the fragment “English teachers, therefore, need to appreciate the special status English has” (l.9 and 10), “appreciate” means like or enjoy.

03. In the fragment “a unique status” (l.25), the use of the article “a” can be explained by the sound of the semivowel at the beginning of “unique”.

04. The sentence: “For some people, it is acquired as a first language” (l.15) can be correctly rewritten as For some people, it has acquired as a first language.

05. It can be inferred from the text that there should be three distinct approaches to the teaching of English, depending on how and why students acquire this language.

06. In terms of word formation, the adjective “international” (R.27) is a case of affixation, as a prefix and a suffix have been added to the root of the word nation.

07. The word “economic”, in “economic inequality” (l.24), could be replaced by economical, without changing the meaning of the text.

08. It can be inferred from the text that some students of English resent it because of the negative feelings that colonialism inspires.

09. In the fragment “in countries like Australia, Canada, the United States and Great Britain” (l.29 and 30) “like” can be correctly replaced with such.

10. In “Although some 380 million people speak it as a first language” (l.28 and 29), the word “some” means more than.

➧ TEXTO II: This text refers to items from 11 through 20.

The spread of English is often linked to globalization, since it provides for high levels of interconnectedness among nation states and local economies and cultures. The fact that English has become the primary language for communication4 within international organizations such as the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union is an example of such globalization. However, globalization has contributed as much to the “idea” of English as it has to its actual role in communication. In other words, in many parts of the world, English represents an image in popular imagination, established through the media, advertising and so on, rather than a practical necessity or reality for many people.

Scholars and educationists differ in their attitudes towards the global spread of English. Some think this spread is natural, inevitable, neutral and beneficial, and have been accused of English triumphalism. The British linguist David Crystal suggests that English fosters cultural opportunity and promotes a climate of international intelligibility. Others see the spread of English as threatening local cultures, languages and identities. The phrase “linguistic imperialism” was used to explain how English has come to play a key role in maintaining the economic and political dominance of some societies over others. Because of the role of English as the dominant international language, the theory of linguistic imperialism asserts that other languages have been prevented from going through processes of development and expansion, and have been allocated a secondary status, along with the cultures they represent. Proponents of the theory of linguistic imperialism view the English language teaching industry as contributing to the propagation of the economic, cultural or religious values of dominant world powers.

Idem. Ibidem (adapted).

Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following items.

11. The ideia contained in the fragment “since it provides for high levels of interconnectedness” (l.2) can also be correctly expressed as because it makes profound interconnectedness possible.

12. In the text, the words “primary” (l.4) and “dominant” (l.23) mean basically the same thing, both referring to the current status of the English language in the world.

13. The expression “In other words” (l.9) means besides.

14. According to the text, in some countries, the need to learn, speak or use English is artificially created by powerful ideological means or mechanisms.

15. It can be concluded from the text that supporters of the linguistic imperialism view defend the dominant role English plays in the world nowadays.
16. The subject of the verbal form “is”, in the fragment “is an example of such globalization” (l.6 and 7), is “English” (l.4).

17. According to the text, it can be said that experts in language seem to hold differing views on the dissemination of English in many parts of the world.

18. In the fragment “rather than a practical necessity or reality for many people”(l.11 and 12), “rather than” means instead of.

19. In the passage “The British linguist David Crystal suggests that English fosters cultural opportunity” (l.16 and 17), the word “that” can be omitted without this making the sentence grammatically incorrect.

20. The fragment “to play a key role in” (l.21) can be correctly rewritten as to have a leading part in, without changing the meaning of the text.

➧ TEXTO III: This text refers to items from 21 through 25.

Motivation is typically defined as the forces that help explain the stimulation, selection, direction, and continuation of behaviour. Nevertheless, many teachers have at least two major mistaken ideas about motivation that prevent them from4 using this concept with maximum effectiveness. One misconception is that some students are unmotivated. Strictly speaking, that is not an accurate statement. As long as a student chooses goals and expends a certain amount of effort to achieve them, he is, by definition, motivated. What teachers really mean is that students are not motivated to behave in the way teachers would like them to behave. The second misconception is that one person can directly motivate another. This view is inaccurate because motivation comes from within a person. What you can do, with the help of the various motivation theories that teachers have developed, is create the circumstances that influence students to do what you want them to do.

Many factors determine whether the students in your classes will be motivated or not motivated to learn. You should not be surprised to discover that no single theoretical interpretation of motivation explains all aspects of student interest or lack of it. Different theoretical interpretations do, however, shed light on why some students in a given learning situation are more likely to want to learn than others. Furthermore, each theoretical interpretation can serve as the basis for the development of techniques for motivating students in the classroom.

Internet:<https//college.cengage.com>(adapted).

Judge the following items according to the ideas of the previous text and its linguistic aspects.

21. The notions that students have no motivation and that an individual can be directly motivated can make a teacher’s job very difficult.

22. According to the text, the source of motivation is found inside a person.

23. The fragment “prevent them from using” (l.4 and 5) can be correctly replaced with prevent them to use.

24. In “As long as a student chooses goals” (l.7 and 8), “as long as” means after a long time.

25. The deletion of “do” in “Different theoretical interpretations do, however, shed light” (l.22 and 23) would not change the meaning of the fragment.

➧ TEXTO III: This text refers to items from 26 through 34.

The Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku — literally translated as “forest bathing” — is based on a simple premise: immerse yourself in the forest, absorb its sights, sounds, and smells, and you will reap numerous psychological and physiological benefits. The Forest Agency of Japan launched a campaign to introduce the activity in 1982, and, since then, its popularization there has been matched by a stream of supporting research concerning the role that nature can play in human health. Studies have shown that regular exposure to forest environments can lower blood pressure and anxiety, reduce anger, and strengthen the immune system. The forest-bathing spirit has gained followers in the United States, too: you can now sign up to join the national Forest Bathing Club (whose registration form includes a field for “spirit animal”), or apply to become a certified forest-therapy guide. Or you can simply go to a local greenspace, disconnect, and listen to the trees.

Internet: <www.newyorker.com> (adapted).

Concerning the ideas and linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following items.

26. This is an informative text whose main objective is to present the Japanese practice of shinrin-yoku.

27. It can be said that practitioners of shinrin-yoku go to the forest to take baths in lakes and rivers.

28. According to the text, shinrin-yoku is one of the oldest Japanese traditional rituals.

29. The verb phrase “has been matched” (R.7) is an example of a passive voice construction.

30. It can be concluded from the text that the Forest Agency of Japan decided to launch the campaign to popularize shinrin-yoku because research has shown the benefits of nature for human health.

31. According to the text, there are several benefits for people who frequently spend time in the forest.

32. In the sentence “Studies have shown that regular (…) and strengthen the immune system” (l.9 to 11), the verb “have” could be omitted and the sentence would still be grammatically acceptable.

33. If the word “followers” (l.12) were replaced by adepts, there would be a significant change in meaning in the sentence.

34. It can be inferred that the mentioning of ‘spirit animal’ (l.14 and 15) in the registration forms for the American Forest Bathing Club means that members of this Club are allowed to take their pets to the forest with them.

➧ TEXTO IV: This CARTOON refers to items from 35 through 38.

Internet: <http://tvtropes.org>

Based on the cartoon and the vocabulary and language used in it, judge the items below.

35. The sentence on the first balloon is an example of informal spoken language.

36. In the last balloon, “weird” is synonymous with strange, bizarre.

37. The three verbs in the second square — “watch”, “put” and “push” — are in the imperative form.

38. The boy does not understand that a toast is a slice of bread that is exposed to heat from a grill or fire.

➧ TEXTO V: This text refers to items from 39 through 47.

A man in Britain has ruptured his throat by suppressing a particularly forceful sneeze.

This behavior, doctors warn, could damage your ears or even burst a brain aneurysm.

The 34-year-old man turned up at an emergency department after pinching his nose and closing his mouth to stop his sneezing. He felt a pop as the sneeze ripped through his throat and made his soft tissue swell. His throat began to hurt when he swallowed, and his voice changed.

The rupture was so serious that doctors kept the man in hospital for a week. He was fed by a tube through his nose and treated with antibiotics in case of infection in the chest cavity. He made a full recovery. A ruptured throat is an extremely rare consequence of stifling a sneeze. Holding back a sneeze can cause ear damage and, in some cases, even the rupture of a brain aneurysm. While incredibly unlikely, this side effect could be deadly.

Halting a sneeze via blocking nostrils and mouth is a dangerous maneuver and should be avoided, as it may lead to numerous complications.

Internet: <www.newsweek.com> (adapted).

Concerning the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following items.

39. The story presented in the article is based on superstition and unscientific beliefs.

40. In the phrase “34-year-old man” (l.5), the noun “year” is in the singular because it is part of an adjective.

41. In the sentence “This behavior, doctors warn, could damage your ears or even burst a brain aneurysm” (l.3 and 4), the pronoun “your” could be substituted by one’s with no relevant change in meaning.

42. The man was unable to eat normally while he was in hospital.

43. The man was treated with antibiotics because he caught an infection.

44. At the time the article was written, the man was still ill.

45. Deadly brain aneurysms caused by holding back sneezes are extremely rare.

46. The phrase “should be” (l.19) can be replaced with might be without changing the meaning of the sentence.

47. There are two modal verbs in the last sentence of the text.

➧ TEXTO VI: This text refers to items from 48 through 50.

An Italian postman has been arrested after 573 kg of undelivered mail was found in the garage of his home in Vicenza. The mail included leaflets from 2010 regional elections, tax forms and utility bills.

Police were called to the home of the 56-year-old man to make the arrest. It’s been described as the biggest ever seizure of undelivered mail in Italy.

The postal service in the northern city of Vicenza will deliver the mail to the intended recipients.

In Italy, the “violation, misappropriation or destruction” of mail is a criminal offence punishable by up to 1 year in prison. In the meantime, the bad postie has been suspended by the postal service.

Internet: <http://theshortnews.com> (adapted).

On the previous text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the items below.

48. There was less than half a ton of mail in the postman’s garage.

47. The postman was arrested and received a one-year prison sentence.

50. In the last sentence of the text, “postie” (l.12) is an informal way to refer to the postman.