FGV 2015 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – ECONOMIA EESP 1º SEMESTRE

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-PROCESSO SELETIVO-1º SEMESTRE-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA-SP.

https://vestibular.fgv.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Text (1) – | Argentina defaults – Eighth time unlucky | www.economist.com |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text and answer questions numbers 76 through 90

Argentina defaults – Eighth time unlucky

Cristina Fernández argues that her country’s latest default is different. She is missing the point.

Aug 2nd 2014

1

ARGENTINA’S first bond, issued in 1824, was supposed to have had a lifespan of 46 years. Less than four years later, the government defaulted. Resolving the ensuing stand-off with creditors took 29 years. Since then seven more defaults have followed, the most recent this week, when Argentina failed to make a payment on bonds issued as partial compensation to victims of the previous default, in 2001. Most investors think they can see a pattern in all this, but Argentina’s president, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, insists the latest default is not like the others. Her government, she points out, had transferred the full $539m it owed to the banks that administer the bonds. It is America’s courts (the bonds were issued under American law) that blocked the payment, at the behest of the tiny minority of owners of bonds from 2001 who did not accept the restructuring Argentina offered them in 2005 and again in 2010. These “hold-outs”, balking at the 65% haircut the restructuring entailed, not only persuaded a judge that they should be paid in full but also got him to freeze payments on the restructured bonds until Argentina coughs up. Argentina claims that paying the hold-outs was impossible. It is not just that they are “vultures” as Argentine officials often put it, who bought the bonds for cents on the dollar after the previous default and are now holding those who accepted the restructuring (accounting for 93% of the debt) to ransom. The main problem is that a clause in the restructured bonds prohibits Argentina from offering the hold-outs better terms without paying everyone else the same. Since it cannot afford to do that, it says it had no choice but to default. Yet it is not certain that the clause requiring equal treatment of all bondholders would have applied, given that Argentina would not have been paying the hold-outs voluntarily, but on the courts’ orders. Moreover, some owners of the restructured bonds had agreed to waive their rights; had Argentina made a concerted effort to persuade the remainder to do the same, it might have succeeded. Lawyers and bankers have suggested various ways around the clause in question, which expires at the end of the year. But Argentina’s government was slow to consider these options or negotiate with the hold-outs, hiding instead behind indignant nationalism. Ms Fernández is right that the consequences of America’s court rulings have been perverse, unleashing a big financial dispute in an attempt to solve a relatively small one. But hers is not the first government to be hit with an awkward verdict. Instead of railing against it, she should have tried to minimise the harm it did. Defaulting has helped no one: none of the bondholders will now be paid, Argentina looks like a pariah again, and its economy will remain starved of loans and investment. Happily, much of the damage can still be undone. It is not too late to strike a deal with the hold-outs or back an ostensibly private effort to buy out their claims. A quick fix would make it easier for Argentina to borrow again internationally. That, in turn, would speed development of big oil and gas deposits, the income from which could help ease its money troubles.
More important, it would help to change perceptions of Argentina as a financial rogue state. Over the past year or so Ms Fernández seems to have been trying to rehabilitate Argentina’s image and resuscitate its faltering economy. She settled financial disputes with government creditors and with Repsol, a Spanish oil firm whose Argentine assets she had expropriated in 2012. This week’s events have overshadowed all that. For its own sake, and everyone else’s, Argentina should hold its nose and do a deal with the hold-outs. (http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21610263. Adapted)

76 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
The title and the lead-in (in journalist jargon, the line which introduces the main text) to the article imply that its author
(A) thinks Argentina has always been a very unlucky country in economic terms.
(B) implies that Argentina has been arguing too bitterly with the economic community.
(C) argues against the international economic system in favour of Argentina.
(D) disagrees with the view expressed by Argentina’s president, discussed in the article.
(E) misses the whole point as regards Argentina’s recent default to its creditors.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
O título e o lead-in (no jargão do jornalista, a linha que introduz o texto principal) do artigo implica que seu autor
(A) acha que a Argentina sempre foi um país muito infeliz em termos econômicos.
(B) implica que a Argentina tem discutido muito amargamente com a comunidade econômica.
(C) argumenta contra o sistema econômico internacional em favor da Argentina.
(D) discorda da opinião expressa pelo presidente da Argentina, discutida no artigo.
(E) erra toda a questão em relação à recente inadimplência da Argentina para seus credores.

77 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
According to the first paragraph,
(A) it took Argentina four years to pay off its creditors when it first defaulted.
(B) Argentina’s default of 2001 has only been paid off as recent as August 2014.
(C) the bonds that went unpaid in August 2014 were still connected with those issued 29 years ago.
(D) compensation for the victms of the 2001 default has finally been settled in 2014.
(E) Argentina’s many defaults history is more than a century old.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

78 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
The explanation given by Argentina’s president, in the second paragraph, implies that
(A) this recent default by Argentina has followed the same pattern to be found in the previous ones.
(B) Argentina would like to pay some of its creditors as agreed, but has been banned by court orders.
(C) the country has paid its debts but bondholders have decided not to take the money on purpose.
(D) American banks refused to help Argentina pay its debts in order to harm the country once more.
(E) American bondholders won’t draw the money Argentina deposited so that they can be paid still more.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

79 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
Argentina’s creditors, as the second paragraph shows,
(A) are all made up of American banks and other financial institutions.
(B) have never been offered any payment settlement by Argentina.
(C) came to be eventually separated into two groups, so to speak.
(D) are all “vultures” that want to harm Argentina’s economic power.
(E) want to freeze all Argentine assets in the international market.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

80 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
In the excerpt from the end of the second paragraph – freeze payments on the restructured bonds until Argentina coughs up – the meaning of the phrase until Argentina coughs up in the context it is used can be paraphrased as until Argentina ...
(A) pays all bondholders.
(B) recovers from its crisis.
(C) comes up with a new idea.
(D) issues new bonds.
(E) elects a new government.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) pague todos os acionistas.
➦to cough up ➝ to pay.
(B) se recupere de sua crise.
(C) surja com uma nova ideia.
(D) emita novos títulos.
(E) eleja um novo governo.

81 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
We learn in the article, mostly in paragraphs two through four, that
(A) the creditors who required to be paid in full represent only a small part of the debt.
(B) Argentina simply ran out of money to pay its American bondholders and defaulted.
(C) some bondholders gave up any hope of being paid by Argentina and agreed to the default.
(D) as Argentina didn’t pay most of its creditors voluntarily, they decided to go to file suit.
(E) an American judge was partial towards American creditors harming those from other countries.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

82 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
Argentina’s government argues that it can’t pay all creditors as required by court because
(A) non-American creditors might also file suits against it if it paid only the Americans.
(B) paying “vulture” funds from the U.S. would encourage creditors from other countries to act in the same way.
(C) the people in Argentina are very much against it and the country nationalism would be harmed if they complied.
(D) funds bought the bonds for mere cents to the dollar and now want to make a large profit and this is very unfair to Argentina.
(E) the country doesn’t have the resources needed to pay all creditors the full amount originally due.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

83 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
The fourth paragraph points out that
(A) as Argentina wouldn’t pay its creditors voluntarily they had no choice but going to court.
(B) the clause claimed by Argentina as preventing it from paying part of the creditors could have been worked around.
(C) owners of restructered bonds would never have accepted seeing other bond holders been paid the full face value.
(D) after the end of this year, Argentina will be able to pay all its bondholders, whether restructured or not.
(E) Argentina has always played the indignant part in debt negotiations and as such refused to pay anyone.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

84 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
The excerpt from the fourth paragraph – had Argentina made a concerted effort to persuade the remainder to do the same, it might have succeeded. – denotes an idea of
(A) obligation.
(B) ability.
(C) completion.
(D) hypothesis.
(E) necessity.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

85 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
In its fifth paragraph, the article
(A) backs up Ms Fernández decision not to pay the so-called “vulture” funds.
(B) takes no definite opinion of the decision taken by the American court.
(C) does not exempt Argentina’s president from responsibility for the default.
(D) implies that the bondholders who refuse to negotiate shouldn’t really be paid.
(E) considers Argentina’s position as an international pariah well-deserved.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

86 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
The word hers, as used in the second sentence of the fifth paragraph, refers to the Argentine
(A) dispute.
(B) verdict.
(C) consequence.
(D) court ruling.
(E) government.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

87 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
According to the sixth paragraph,
(A) there is still room for an agreement with bondholders, which may bring positive consequences for Argentina.
(B) Argentina should borrow money from international institutions to pay the bondholders and finish this up.
(C) the country should sell its assets in oil and gas so as to be able to pay its international creditors.
(D) private individuals in Argentina should be called upon to help the country pay off its international debts.
(E) a quick settlement should be reached between Argentina and its creditors if the country is to survive internationally.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

88 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)

In the excerpt from the last paragraph – ... perceptions of Argentina as a financial rogue state – the expression financial rogue state implies a country which is
(A) closed to dealings with other countries.
(B) always asking others to do what it wants.
(C) imposing its views on the international community.
(D) trying to deceive others for its own profit.
(E) nationalizing assets from other countries.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

89 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
The last paragraph implies that
(A) returning Repsol to its rightful owners has helped Argentina be trusted again by the international community.
(B) Argentina’s economy has been continuously faltering under its present administration and doesn’t seem to be able to recover.
(C) Argentina has taken good economic measures in the recent past and should strive to go back to that same track.
(D) when Repsol was expropriated by the present Argentine administration, the country began to be considered an international rogue state.
(E) the default of August 2014 pushed Argentina even further on the track it has started under Ms Fernández administration.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

90 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-2015.1-ECONOMIA-1º SEMESTRE)
In the last sentence of the text, the use of the phrase Argentina should hold its nose implies that Argentina should
(A) stop pretending it can’t afford to settle its debts and pay them off.
(B) go against its national political pride and negotiate with creditors.
(C) return foreign assets to their rightful owners in other countries.
(D) comply with the court orders issued in the United States and pay its creditors.
(E) convince the international community that it is really financially sick.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) parar de fingir que não pode pagar suas dívidas e pagá-las.
(B) engolir seu orgulho político nacional e negociar com os credores.
(C) devolver ativos estrangeiros a seus legítimos proprietários em outros países.
(D) cumprir as ordens judiciais emitidas nos Estados Unidos e pagar seus credores.
(E) convencer a comunidade internacional de que está realmente financeiramente doente.
*A expressão citada sugere que a Argentina deveria
engolir seu orgulho político nacional e negociar com
os credores.
*to hold one’s nose = engolir em seco

FGV 2015 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CODEMIG – ADVOGADO

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• FGV/PROJETOS-2015-CIA. DE DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO DE MINAS GERAIS-ADVOGADO-Prova aplicada em 20/12/2015.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 30 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

PROVA

❑ PROVA:

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

• http://www.freeimages.com/photo/ouro-preto-1170501

Mining Tourism in Ouro Preto

Turismo Mineiro em Ouro Preto

[1]
Ouro Preto is surrounded by a rich and varied natural environment with waterfalls, hiking trails and native vegetation partially protected as state parks. Parts of these resources are used for tourism. Paradoxically, this ecosystem contrasts with the human occupation of the region that produced, after centuries, a rich history and a cultural connection to mining, its oldest economic activity which triggered occupation. The region has an unlimited potential for tourism, especially in specific segments such as mining heritage tourism, in association or not with the existing ecotourism market. In fact, in Ouro Preto, tourism, history, geology and mining are often hard to distinguish; such is the inter-relationship between these segments.

Ouro Preto é cercada por um ambiente natural rico e variado com cachoeiras, trilhas para caminhadas e vegetação nativa parcialmente protegida como parques estaduais. Partes desses recursos são usadas para o turismo. Paradoxalmente, esse ecossistema contrasta com a ocupação humana da região que produziu, após séculos, uma rica história e uma conexão cultural com a mineração, sua atividade econômica mais antiga que desencadeou a ocupação. A região tem um potencial ilimitado para o turismo, especialmente em segmentos específicos como o turismo de patrimônio minerário, associado ou não ao mercado de ecoturismo existente. De fato, em Ouro Preto, turismo, história, geologia e mineração são frequentemente difíceis de distinguir; tal é a inter-relação entre esses segmentos.
[2]
For centuries, a major problem of mining has been the reuse of the affected areas. Modern mining projects proposed solutions to this problem right from the initial stages of operation, which did not happen until recently. As a result, most quarries and other old mining areas that do not have an appropriate destination represent serious environmental problems. Mining tourism utilizing exhausted mines is a source of employment and income. Tourism activities may even contribute to the recovery of degraded areas in various ways, such as reforestation for leisure purposes, or their transformation into history museums where aspects of local mining are interpreted.

Durante séculos, um grande problema da mineração tem sido a reutilização das áreas afetadas. Projetos modernos de mineração propuseram soluções para esse problema desde os estágios iniciais da operação, o que não aconteceu até recentemente. Como resultado, a maioria das pedreiras e outras áreas de mineração antigas que não têm um destino apropriado representam sérios problemas ambientais. O turismo de mineração utilizando minas exauridas é uma fonte de emprego e renda. As atividades turísticas podem até contribuir para a recuperação de áreas degradadas de várias maneiras, como o reflorestamento para fins de lazer, ou sua transformação em museus de história onde aspectos da mineração local são interpretados.
[3]
Minas Gerais, and particularly Ouro Preto, provides the strong and rich cultural and historical content needed for the transformation of mining remnants into attractive tourism products, especially when combined with the existing cultural tourism of the region. Although mining tourism is explored in various parts of the world in extremely different social, economic, cultural and natural contexts, in Brazil it is still not a strategy readily adopted as an alternative for areas affected by mining activities.

Minas Gerais, e particularmente Ouro Preto, fornece o forte e rico conteúdo cultural e histórico necessário para a transformação de remanescentes de mineração em produtos turísticos atrativos, especialmente quando combinados com o turismo cultural existente na região. Embora o turismo de mineração seja explorado em várias partes do mundo em contextos sociais, econômicos, culturais e naturais extremamente diferentes, no Brasil ainda não é uma estratégia prontamente adotada como alternativa para áreas afetadas por atividades de mineração.

• (Lohmann, G. M.; Flecha, A. C.; Knupp, M. E. C. G.; Liccardo, A. (2011). Mining tourism in Ouro Preto, Brazil: opportunities and challenges. In: M. V. Conlin; L. Jolliffe (eds). Mining heritage and tourism: a global synthesis. New York: Routledge, pp. 194-202.)

16 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

Mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F) according to Text 1.

(  ) Tourism may actually be quite beneficial to some degraded mining areas.
(  ) Mining tourism has recently been promptly embraced by Brazilian regions.
(  ) Ouro Preto is attracting people because mining is one of its most recent activities.

The correct sequence is:

(A) F – T – T;
(B) F – F – T;
(C) F – T – F;
(D) T – T – F;
(E) T – F – F.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

17 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) Text 1 refers to 

• "hiking trails"(l.2),

which are primarily intended for:

(A) cycling;
(B) skating;
(C) walking;
(D) driving;
(E) shooting.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

*Vê RESOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO 02.

18 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The opposite of the underlined word in

• "are often hard to distinguish" (l. 11)

is:

(A) seldom;
(B) always;
(C) at times;
(D) generally;
(E) frequently.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - ADVÉRBIOS DE FREQUÊNCIA:
O OPOSTO da palavra sublinhada em "are often hard to distinguish"(muitas vezes é difícil de distinguir) é:
(A) seldom (raramente);
(B) always (sempre);
(C) at times (às vezes);
(D) generally (geralmente);
(E) frequently (freqüentemente).

19 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The problem referred to in

• "solutions to this problem"(l. 14-15)

is:

(A) using old machinery;
(B) cleaning the environment;
(C) opening new digging sites;
(D) reclaiming damaged areas;
(E) digging in unsuitable places.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

05 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The sentence that best explains

• "Mining tourism utilizing exhausted mines is a source of employment and income."(l. 18-19)

is:

(A) wasted mines can generate jobs and money;
(B) tourism is supported by miners and their families;
(C) visiting wasted mines can drain the energy of tourists;
(D) using damaged mines for tourism may be rather unsafe;
(E) mining tourism deprives people of their work and resources.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

20 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

• The phrase "As a result" (l. 16)

can be replaced by:

(A) Yet;
(B) Hence;
(C) Though;
(D) Anyhow;
(E) However.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:

Innovation is the new key to survival

A inovação é a nova chave para a sobrevivência

[1]

At its most basic, innovation presents an optimal strategy for controlling costs. Companies that have invested in such technologies as remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains have reduced expenses by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously driving up productivity.
Em seu nível mais básico, a inovação apresenta uma estratégia ótima para controlar custos. Empresas que investiram em tecnologias como mineração remota, equipamentos autônomos e caminhões e trens sem motorista reduziram despesas em ordens de magnitude, ao mesmo tempo em que aumentaram a produtividade.
[2]

Yet, gazing towards the horizon, it is rapidly becoming clear that innovation can do much more than reduce capital intensity. Approached strategically, it also has the power to reduce people and energy intensity, while increasing mining intensity.

No entanto, olhando para o horizonte, está rapidamente se tornando claro que a inovação pode fazer muito mais do que reduzir a intensidade de capital. Abordada estrategicamente, ela também tem o poder de reduzir a intensidade de pessoas e energia, ao mesmo tempo em que aumenta a intensidade da mineração.

Capturing the learnings
[3]
The key is to think of innovation as much more than research and development (R&D) around particular processes or technologies. Companies can, in fact, innovate in multiple ways, such as leveraging supplier knowledge around specific operational challenges, redefining their participation in the energy value chain or finding new ways to engage and partner with major stakeholders and constituencies.

A chave é pensar na inovação como muito mais do que pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D) em torno de processos ou tecnologias particulares. As empresas podem, de fato, inovar de várias maneiras, como alavancar o conhecimento do fornecedor em torno de desafios operacionais específicos, redefinir sua participação na cadeia de valor de energia ou encontrar novas maneiras de se envolver e fazer parcerias com as principais partes interessadas e constituintes.
[4]
To reap these rewards, however, mining companies must overcome their traditionally conservative tendencies. In many cases, miners struggle to adopt technologies proven to work at other mining companies, let alone those from other industries. As a result, innovation becomes less of a technology problem and more of an adoption problem.

Para colher essas recompensas, no entanto, as empresas de mineração devem superar suas tendências tradicionalmente conservadoras. Em muitos casos, os mineradores lutam para adotar tecnologias comprovadamente eficazes em outras empresas de mineração, muito menos em outras indústrias. Como resultado, a inovação se torna menos um problema de tecnologia e mais um problema de adoção.
[5]
By breaking this mindset, mining companies can free themselves to adapt practical applications that already exist in other industries and apply them to fit their current needs. For instance, the tunnel boring machines used by civil engineers to excavate the Chunnel can vastly reduce miners’ reliance on explosives. Until recently, those machines were too large to apply in a mining setting. Some innovators, however, are now incorporating the underlying technology to build smaller machines—effectively adapting mature solutions from other industries to realize more rapid results.
Ao quebrar essa mentalidade, as empresas de mineração podem se libertar para adaptar aplicações práticas que já existem em outras indústrias e aplicá-las para atender às suas necessidades atuais. Por exemplo, as máquinas de perfuração de túneis usadas por engenheiros civis para escavar o Túnel podem reduzir muito a dependência dos mineradores em explosivos. Até recentemente, essas máquinas eram grandes demais para serem aplicadas em um ambiente de mineração. Alguns inovadores, no entanto, agora estão incorporando a tecnologia subjacente para construir máquinas menores — adaptando efetivamente soluções maduras de outras indústrias para obter resultados mais rápidos.

Re-imagining the future

Reimaginando o futuro

[6]
At the same time, innovation mandates companies to think in entirely new ways. Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting higher grades and achieving faster throughput by optimizing the pit, schedule, product mix and logistics. A truly innovative mindset, however, will see them adopt an entirely new design paradigm that leverages new information, mining and energy technologies to maximize value.

Ao mesmo tempo, a inovação obriga as empresas a pensar de maneiras inteiramente novas. Tradicionalmente, por exemplo, os mineradores têm se concentrado em extrair maiores teores e atingir um rendimento mais rápido otimizando o poço, o cronograma, o mix de produtos e a logística. Uma mentalidade verdadeiramente inovadora, no entanto, os verá adotar um paradigma de design inteiramente novo que alavanca novas informações, tecnologias de mineração e energia para maximizar o valor.
[7]
Approached in this way, innovation can drive more than cost reduction. It can help mining companies mitigate and manage risks, strengthen business models and foster more effective community and government relations. It can help mining services companies enhance their value to the industry by developing new products and services. Longer-term, it can even position organizations to move the needle on such endemic issues as corporate social responsibility, environmental performance and sustainability.

Abordada dessa forma, a inovação pode impulsionar mais do que a redução de custos. Ela pode ajudar as empresas de mineração a mitigar e gerenciar riscos, fortalecer modelos de negócios e promover relações mais efetivas com a comunidade e o governo. Ela pode ajudar as empresas de serviços de mineração a aumentar seu valor para a indústria desenvolvendo novos produtos e serviços. A longo prazo, ela pode até mesmo posicionar as organizações para mover a agulha em questões endêmicas como responsabilidade social corporativa, desempenho ambiental e sustentabilidade.

• (http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ru/Document s/energy-resources/ru_er_tracking_the_trends_2015_eng.pdf)

22 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

When companies invest in “remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains” (l. 3-4), it is clear that their goal is to:

(A) downsize the pay roll;
(B) decrease the speed of extraction;
(C) learn more technological strategies;
(D) buy machines which require man-power;
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

When companies invest in "remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains"(l.3-4), it is clear that their goal is to

Quando as empresas investem em "mineração remota, equipamentos autônomos e trens e caminhões automáticos"(l.3-4), é claro que seu objetivo é:
(A) downsize the pay roll.

REDUZIR a folha de pagamento.
>>De acordo com o trecho que defende a redução de custos:

• "[...] At its most basic, innovation presents an optimal strategy for controlling costs. Companies that have invested in such technologies as remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains have reduced expenses by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously driving up productivity.
• Na sua forma mais básica, a inovação APRESENTA uma estratégia ótima para o controle de custos. As empresas que investiram em tecnologias como mineração remota, equipamentos autônomos e trens e caminhões sem motoristas, REDUZIRAM as despesas por ordens de grandeza, ao mesmo tempo em que AUMENTARAM a produtividade"

(B) decrease the speed of extraction.

DIMINUIR a velocidade de extração;
(C) learn more technological strategies.

APRENDER mais estratégias tecnológicas;
(D) buy machines which require man-power.

COMPRAR máquinas que exigem MÃO DE OBRA.
*man-power=mão-de-obra
(E) spend more in equipment maintenance.

GASTAR mais em manutenção de equipamentos.

23 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

• The fragment "To reap these rewards" (l. 17)

means to:

(A) maintain old practices;
(B) get unexpected results;
(C) achieve desired benefits;
(D) offer better job conditions;
(E) win international competitions.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• "To reap these rewards" (l. 17)
• "Para COLHER estas recompensas"

significa
(A) maintain old practices...MANTER práticas antigas;
(B) get unexpected results...OBTER resultados inesperados;
(C) achieve desired benefits...ALCANÇAR benefícios desejados;
(D) offer better job conditions...OFERECER melhores condições de trabalho;
(E) win international competitions...VENCER competições internacionais.

24 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The verb "reduce" in

• "reduce capital intensity" (l.7)

has the same meaning as:

(A) cut in;
(B) cut off;
(C) cut out;
(D) cut loose;
(E) cut back on.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
*O item (A) é incorreto, pois "cut in" pode ser "jump the line"(cortar fila) ou "to interrupt the conversation"(cortar ou interromper a fala de alguém).
*O item (B) é incorreto, pois "cut off" tem sentido literal de cortar algo "Why did you cut off all your hair...the tree branch?" e tem sentido figurado de cortar financiamento "Why did you cut off our funding?",cortar alguém no trânsito "That taxi cut me off on the highway.",desconectar um serviço "All contact was cut off."
*O item (C) é incorreto, pois "cut out" tem sentido figurado de excluir/parar com algo "I cut out eating ice cream...using Cable TV."
*O item (D) é incorreto, pois "cut loose" tem sentido figurado de se livrar de algo ou alguém,if a person or organization cuts loose, they separate themselves from another person or organization."Jenny cut loose from her sponsors and decided to try to fund herself instead.".
*O item (E) é CORRETO, pois "cut back on" means "REDUCE expenditure"(diminuir despesa),"The government has decided to cut back on spending on the armed forces.".

25 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The word "them" in

• "apply them to fit" (l.25)

refers to:

(A) current needs;
(B) other industries;
(C) mining companies;
(D) practical applications;
(E) tunnel boring machines.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

26 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) "For instance" in

• "Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting" (l. 34-35)

is used to:

(A) justify;
(B) explain;
(C) exemplify;
(D) enumerate;
(E) summarize.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

 "For instance" in

• "Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting"
• "Tradicionalmente, por exemplo, os mineradores têm se concentrado em extrair".

is used to:

(A) justify; justificar, esclarecer
(B) explain; explicar
(C) exemplify; exemplificar, ilustrar
(D) enumerate; enumerar
(E) summarize. resumir,sumariar

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 3:

Sustainable mining – oxymoron or a way of the future?

Mineração sustentável – um paradoxo ou um caminho para o futuro?

Mining is an activity that has persisted since the start of humans using tools. However, one might argue that digging a big hole in the ground and selling the finite resources that come out of that hole is not sustainable, especially when the digging involves the use of other finite resources (i.e. fuels) and produces a lot of greenhouse gases.

Mineração é uma atividade que persiste desde o início do uso de ferramentas pelos humanos. No entanto, pode-se argumentar que cavar um grande buraco no chão e vender os recursos finitos que saem desse buraco não é sustentável, especialmente quando a escavação envolve o uso de outros recursos finitos (por exemplo, combustíveis) e produz muitos gases de efeito estufa.
The counter argument could go along the lines that minerals are not being lost or destroyed through mining and mineral processing – the elements are being shifted around, and converted into new forms. Metals can even be extracted from waste, seawater or even sewage, and recycled. But a more simple argument is possible: a mine can be sustainable if it is economically, socially and environmentally beneficial in the short and long term. To be sustainable, the positive benefits of mining should outweigh any negative impacts. […]
Social positives are often associated with mines in regional areas, such as providing better amenities in a nearby town, or providing employment (an economic and social positive). Social negatives can also occur, such as dust, noise, traffic and visual amenity.

O contra-argumento poderia seguir a linha de que os minerais não estão sendo perdidos ou destruídos pela mineração e processamento de minerais – os elementos estão sendo deslocados e convertidos em novas formas. Metais podem até ser extraídos de resíduos, água do mar ou mesmo esgoto, e reciclados. Mas um argumento mais simples é possível: uma mina pode ser sustentável se for econômica, social e ambientalmente benéfica a curto e longo prazo. Para ser sustentável, os benefícios positivos da mineração devem superar quaisquer impactos negativos. […]

Positivos sociais são frequentemente associados a minas em áreas regionais, como fornecer melhores comodidades em uma cidade próxima ou fornecer emprego (um positivo econômico e social). Negativos sociais também podem ocorrer, como poeira, ruído, tráfego e amenidade visual.

These are commonly debated and, whilst sometimes controversial, can be managed with sufficient corporate commitment, stakeholder engagement, and enough time to work through the issues. Time is the key parameter - it may take several years for a respectful process of community input, but as long as it is possible for social negatives to be outweighed by social positives, then the project will be socially sustainable.

Elas são comumente debatidas e, embora às vezes controversas, podem ser gerenciadas com comprometimento corporativo suficiente, engajamento das partes interessadas e tempo suficiente para trabalhar as questões. O tempo é o parâmetro-chave - pode levar vários anos para um processo respeitoso de contribuição da comunidade, mas, desde que seja possível que os negativos sociais sejam superados pelos positivos sociais, o projeto será socialmente sustentável.
It is most likely that a mine development will have some environmental negatives, such as direct impacts on flora and fauna through clearing of vegetation and habitat within the mine footprint. Some mines will have impacts which extend beyond the mine site, such as disruption to groundwater, production of silt and disposal of waste. Certainly these impacts will need to be managed throughout the mine life, along with robust rehabilitation and closure planning. É mais provável que o desenvolvimento de uma mina tenha alguns negativos ambientais, como impactos diretos na flora e fauna por meio da limpeza da vegetação e do habitat dentro da pegada da mina. Algumas minas terão impactos que se estendem além do local da mina, como interrupção de águas subterrâneas, produção de lodo e descarte de resíduos. Certamente esses impactos precisarão ser gerenciados durante toda a vida da mina, juntamente com um planejamento robusto de reabilitação e fechamento.

The real turning point will come when mining companies go beyond environmental compliance to create ‘heritage projects’ that can enhance the environmental or social benefits in a substantial way – by more than the environmental offsets needed just to make up for the negatives created by the mine. In order to foster these innovative mining heritage projects we need to promote ‘sustainability assessments’ - not just ‘environmental assessments’. This will lead to a more mature appreciation of the whole system whereby the economic and social factors, as well as environmental factors, are considered in a holistic manner.

O verdadeiro ponto de virada virá quando as empresas de mineração forem além da conformidade ambiental para criar "projetos de patrimônio" que podem aumentar os benefícios ambientais ou sociais de forma substancial - por mais do que as compensações ambientais necessárias apenas para compensar os negativos criados pela mina. Para promover esses projetos inovadores de patrimônio de mineração, precisamos promover "avaliações de sustentabilidade" - não apenas "avaliações ambientais". Isso levará a uma apreciação mais madura de todo o sistema, por meio da qual os fatores econômicos e sociais, bem como os fatores ambientais, são considerados de forma holística.

(adapted from https://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/westernaustralia-division/sustainable-mining-oxymoron-or-way-future. Retrieved on August 10, 2015)

27 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) As regards the content of Text 3, analyse the assertions below:

I - It is well-known that the resources extracted from mines are endless.
II - The social negative impacts of mining may be minimized as time goes by.
III - Sustainable assessment has a wider field of action than environmental assessment.
IV - There is agreement that negative impacts of mining are restricted to the site.

The correct sentences are only:

(A) I and II;
(B) I and IV;
(C) II and III;
(D) II and IV;
(E) III and IV.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

28 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) The title suggests that the expression "sustainable mining" may:

(A) imply anger;
(B) be contradictory;
(C) sound repetitive;
(D) reveal impatience;
(E) seem rather boring.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

29 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO) When Text 3 informs that elements can be

• "shifted around"(l.9),

it means they can be:

(A) discarded from the mining pit;
(B) maintained in the same setting;
(C) unearthed from the digging site;
(D) stabilized into different elements;
(E) moved from one place to another.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

30 – (FGV-2015-CODEMIG-ADVOGADO)

The excerpt "one might argue"(l.2) expresses:

(A) denial;
(B) advice;
(C) ability;
(D) possibility;
(E) improbability.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - MODAL VERB:

The excerpt "one might argue"(l.2) expresses:

O trecho “alguém pode argumentar” (l.2) expressa:

(A) denial;
(B) advice;
(C) ability;
(D) possibility;
(E) improbability.