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❑ 
PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:• FGV/VESTIBULAR-2013.1-PROCESSO SELETIVO-1º SEMESTRE-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA-SP.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto (1) – | Money Talks | The Economist |
- Texto (2) – | The Echoes Between Student Loans and Mortgages | www.businessweek.com |
- Texto (3) – | Household Debt Has Fallen to 2006 Levels | http://business.time.com |
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ TEXTO 1:
01-D, 02-C, 03-A, 04-E, 05-B
06-C, 07-B, 08-E, 09-D, 10-A
11-A, 12-C, 13-B, 14-E, 15-D
➧ VOCABULÁRIO:
- assets (Ésséts) - ativo (contabilidade)
- aware - ciente.
- a 1903 British penny - um centavo britânico de 1903.
- a centuries-old idea - uma ideia secular.
- a communications medium - um meio de comunicação.
- a Roman coin - uma moeda romana.
- a Russian opposition activist - um ativista da oposição russa.
- a noted blogger - um famoso blogueiro.
- an advertisement - um anúncio.
- banknotes (= bills) - cédulas de dinheiro.
- coins - moedas.
- defaced notes - notas adulteradas, notas desfiguradas.
- depicted the head of a lion - representavam a cabeça de um leão
- dollar bills - cédulas de dólar.
- he did the maths - ele fez as contas.
- government persecution - perseguição do governo.
- income - renda, receita.
- income inequality - desigualdade de renda.
- in the 7th century BC - no século 7 aC.
- Iran’s Green Movement - Movimento Verde do Irã.
- has been scratched - foi riscada.
- Later rulers - Governantes posteriores.
- liabilities (láiBíliris) - passivo (contabilidade).
- minted in Lydia - cunhadas na Lídia
- Money Talks - Dinheiro fala mais alto.
- skeptical - cético, descrente, duvida de tudo.
- subjects - súditos.
- The earliest coins - As moedas mais antigas.
- the messaging power of money - o poder de mensagem do dinheiro.
- This prompted a ruling that .- Isso levou a uma decisão de que.
- to spread messages - espalhar mensagens.
- to stamp messages - carimbar mensagens.
➧ PROVA:
➧ TEXT I: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 01 a 05.
Money Talks
Members of Iran’s Green Movement used this tactic in 2009, writing slogans on banknotes during their antigovernment protests. This prompted a ruling that defaced notes would no longer be accepted by banks. Similarly, supporters of the Occupy movement had added slogans and infographics about income inequality to dollar bills. And members of China’s Falun Gong movement wrote messages on banknotes attacking government persecution.
The use of money as a communications medium, distributing words and images as it passes from hand to hand, is ancient. The earliest coins, minted in Lydia (now part of Turkey) in the 7th century BC, depicted the head of a lion, thought to have been a royal symbol. Later rulers had their names and images inscribed on coins, along with symbolic images of various kinds. In the era before printing, this was a very efficient way to project their image directly to the people.
But their subjects were also aware of the messaging power of money, as the recently revamped exhibit on the history of money at the British Museum in London reveals. It includes a Roman coin from 215 AD, on which the Christian “chi-rho” symbol has been scratched behind the emperor’s head; a French coin from 1855 overstamped with an advertisement for Pear Soap; and a 1903 British penny on which Edward VII’s face has been stamped with “Votes for women” by suffragettes. Mr. Navalny’s call for Russians to stamp messages on banknotes is just the latest incarnation of a centuries-old idea – a pioneering example of what we now call social media.
(The Economist, September 29th 2012, p. 80. Adapted)
The title of the text – Money talks – is a common saying in English that implies one can buy almost anything with money, and it is used here
(A) to show how corruption is spread all over the world.
(B) in order to emphasize the power money brings to those who own it.
(C) so as to illustrate how dictatorial governments can manipulate the use of money.
(D) as a word pun, with a different meaning from the one commonly known.
(E) to show that money can buy everything one needs or wants.
Alexey Navalny
(B) in order to emphasize the power money brings to those who own it.
(C) so as to illustrate how dictatorial governments can manipulate the use of money.
(D) as a word pun, with a different meaning from the one commonly known.
(E) to show that money can buy everything one needs or wants.
02 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) collaborated with the protesters of the Occupy Wall Street movement.
(B) was inspired for his actions after seeing an exhibit at the British Museum.
(C) didn’t believe in the beginning that his plan would succeed.
(D) was a pioneer in what eventually became a new social media.
(E) helped the Falun Gong movement in China to write messages on banknotes.
03 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) tried to curb the movement’s political propaganda.
(B) ensured that the activists would spread their message.
(C) prompted Iranian activists to join the Occupy movement for help.
(D) prevented dollar bills from circulating in Iran for some time.
(E) prohibited slogans from being written on public areas by activists.
04 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) depicts royal and religious symbols from different ages of history.
(B) displays documents from many centuries ago with a wide variety of messages.
(C) includes the very first coins ever minted by a king.
(D) has Chinese, Iranian, and Russian money, among others.
(E) shows the use of currency to spread messages has been happening for centuries.
05 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) had the face of the local king.
(B) appeared before the Christian age.
(C) were meant to make people know who the king was.
(D) portrayed different kinds of symbols.
(E) symbolized Christian values.
The Echoes Between Student Loans and Mortgages
By Karen Weise on October 16, 2012
The CFPB’s private student loan ombudsman, Rohit Chopra, wrote the report based on nearly 3,000 borrower complaints and says he found an “uncanny” parallel to mortgages. Ninety-five percent of the complaints collected by the CFPB focused on problems triggered when students interact with servicers, which collect monthly payments on behalf of investors who own the loan. Chopra said borrowers often face surprises, runarounds, and dead ends – payments that aren’t properly applied, information that’s conflicting, and servicers unwilling or unresponsive to borrowers looking to create payment plans.
“I see these complaints in our report serving as an early warning,” Chopra said in a call with reporters, explaining that the CFPB and others should make sure student loan servicing isn’t a “redux” of mortgage loan servicing.
Chopra also provided a glimpse of how the CFPB handles the problems that borrowers report. Of the 2,857 complaints Chopra’s office has received, 961 people got an explanation or resolution from the servicer, and 387 people received some sort of relief, be it nonmonetary (like a new payment plan) or direct compensation, Chopra told me. For borrowers who received monetary relief, the median amount was $1,572, though one borrower received nearly $84,000. Chopra says getting compensation is rare because the loans themselves don’t allow for much flexibly. “Even if [repayment options aren’t] something that’s in the terms of the note, there are still issues that people are facing,” he said. He hopes that by airing the grievances, reforms might help borrowers in the future.
Chopra says regulators and the Department of Education should investigate whether the problems he found in the complaints were systemic—and if so, should consider stronger oversight. He also thinks policymakers should find ways to encourage modifications and develop a market for refinancing student loans. But perhaps Chopra’s simplest recommendation was to get more students to learn about, and participate in, the income-based repayment program that’s already available on federal student loans. After all, as the country’s experience working with mortgages has taught us, working with government loans is a lot easier than reforming the private market.
http://www.businessweek.com.(Adapted)
06 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
The first and second paragraphs show that
(A) servicers of student loans were given permission by the CFPB to service mortgage loans.
(B) the CFPB set a large fine for servicers of student loans that are behaving like mortgage loan servicers.
(C) mortgage lending managers had to pay compensation to borrowers due to improper foreclosures.
(D) servicers of student loan debts are always willing to discuss possibilities for payment plans.
(E) most problems pointed out in the CFPB report are due to uncanny defaults on student loans.
07 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) the CFPB will call a meeting of investors and their servicers to discuss student loans.
(B) student loans may eventually reach a similar situation as that of mortgage loans.
(C) Chopra called newspaper reporters to give them an early warning on loans.
(D) the servicing of mortgage loans was criticized in the CFPB recent report.
(E) student loans should be reduced for those still defaulting in their housing loans.
08 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) student loan servicers will eventually be reformed due to the CFPB report.
(B) almost half the student borrowers who contacted his office were given relief of some kind.
(C) the student loan situation in the country is unfair as some people received up to US$ 84,000.
(D) student loan borrowers should request financial compensation from lenders as relief.
(E) few people actually receive any form of money back from loan servicers.
09 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) the CFPB may, in the future, refinance student loans from government funds.
(B) government loans will, eventually, replace private student loan servicers.
(C) policymakers will reform legislation so as to allow for student loan refinancing.
(D) the government should supervise loan servicers if the problems he found are recurrent.
(E) student loans in the private market should be reformed to function like the public market.
10 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
last paragraph is a program in which students can
(A) pay their loans back in installments proportional to their salaries.
(B) deduct the value of their loans from their federal income taxes.
(C) borrow from private lenders who work on the same basis as the federal government.
(D) use their parents’ federal income tax as a foundation to repay their loans.
(E) help the government to reform the private student loan private market.
➧ TEXT III: Leia o texto para responder às questões de números 11 a 15.
Household Debt Has Fallen to 2006 Levels,
But Not Because We’ve Grown More Frugal
Moody’s Analytics and the Federal Reserve released a batch of figures last week showing a significant dip in U.S. household debt. According to Moody’s, the combined amount owed on our home mortgages, credit cards, and other outstanding liabilities have gotten down to about $11 trillion, which is about what it was in 2006. Federal Reserve numbers show that household debt as a share of disposable income dipped to 113% in the second quarter of 2012. It hit 134% in 2007, right before the recession.
The decline in household debt doesn’t necessarily mean we’ve changed our ways. In fact, says Mustafa Akcay, an economist at Moody’s, “nearly 80% of deleveraging is caused by defaults.” Only 20% of the decrease comes as a result of what he calls “voluntary deleveraging,” i.e. the hard work of paying down our debts faster than we borrow.
“Most of the decline in outstanding aggregate debt has been defaults,” agrees Brookings Institution economist Karen Dynan, who last year analyzed financial institution charge-offs of loans that have gone bad and found that the value of defaults was about two-thirds as large as the total decline in household debt. Still, Dynan believes that defaults have become a lot less important over the past year. She cites Federal Reserve data showing that charge-offs by banks for mortgages and consumer loans have dipped recently. She also attributes lower debt levels to a reduction in new borrowing — though that’s not necessarily a sign that consumers are any less willing to borrow. “Banks are being super-cautious about lending,” she says. “There is a substantial group of households that have much less debt now simply because they have not been able to get loans because terms are so tight.”
No matter the reason, though, household debt has dipped to much more manageable levels, and economists are now hoping that consumers can help bolster a stronger recovery in 2013. Consumer spending did increase in recent months — not because we bought more, but because we paid more, with the price of everything from food to gas rising steadily. When adjusted for inflation, in fact, our level of spending has remained more or less constant. This additional spending led to a dip in our savings rate in recent months. We saved only 3.7% of our disposable income in August and 4.1% the month before. The U.S. savings rate hit a post-recession high of 5.6% in the third quarter of 2010. “With the lower debt burden and record low borrowing costs, households are positioned to fill in the gap in 2013,” says Akcay. “Whether they will or not depends on how policymakers address the fiscal issues.”
http://business.time.com/2012/10/19/.(Adapted)
According to the text,
11 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) household debt has been reduced in the United States because most people have failed to meet their financial obligations.
(B) consumer spending has increased mainly due to the recovery in the economy, allowing people to buy more than in the previous years.
(C) more than 80% of household debtors have been able to leverage their debts by slowing paying them off.
(D) with the economic recovery starting in 2012, Americans are being able to spend more now than they did before the recession started in 2007.
(E) households tend to have less debt recently because of the control exerted by the Federal Reserve on private loans.
12 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
– our home mortgages, credit cards, and other outstanding liabilities
have gotten down to about $11 trillion –
“outstanding
liabilities” can be understood, in simple terms, as
(A) consumer goods to be purchased.
(B) civil responsibilities.
(C) bills that have not been paid.
(D) payments made against debts.
(E) income received but not yet earned.
The sentence from the fourth paragraph
(B) civil responsibilities.
(C) bills that have not been paid.
(D) payments made against debts.
(E) income received but not yet earned.
13 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
– She cites Federal Reserve data showing that charge-offs by banks for mortgages and consumer loans have dipped recently. –
means that
(A) the Federal Reserve has recently limited what banks can charge debtors who defaulted.
(B) the amount of bad debt recognized as such by financial institutions has been reduced.
(C) mortgages financed by banks have recently begun to be tightly controlled by the Federal Reserve.
(D) consumers have been much more careful when
borrowing money from banks.
(E) more difficult loan terms by banks have allowed
mortgages to be executed sooner.
When Karen Dynan, towards the end of the fourth paragraph, says that
(B) the amount of bad debt recognized as such by financial institutions has been reduced.
(C) mortgages financed by banks have recently begun to be tightly controlled by the Federal Reserve.
(D) consumers have been much more careful when
borrowing money from banks.
(E) more difficult loan terms by banks have allowed
mortgages to be executed sooner.
14 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
“There is a substantial group of households that have much less debt now simply because they have not been able to get loans because terms are so tight”,
she specifically implies that
(A) people have learned the hard way how not to spend more than they earn.
(B) with the help of banks, consumer spending has increased in many households.
(C) all over the country the price of houses is beginning to go up again.
(D) most consumers have reduced their debts with the help of new bank loans.
(E) many people would borrow more money if they were allowed to.
15 – (FGV-2013-EESP-VESTIBULAR)
(A) economists have concluded that consumer spending will improve the economy.
(B) Americans are finally being able to start saving more of their disposable income.
(C) fiscal policies have helped most households leverage their consumer debts.
(D) consumers are spending more out of pocket money recently because of inflation.
(E) it is still harder to borrow now than it was back in 2010.
