CESGRANRIO 2008 - PETROBRAS DISTRIBUIDORA Profissional Júnior

Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2008 da PETROBRAS DISTRIBUIDORA-Cargo:Profissional Júnior-Prova aplicada em 30/04/2008.

www.cesgranrio.org.br

➦01 Texto.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

➦Use of english(uso do inglês).

🔄  TEXTO e TEMA ABORDADO:
👉  Texto  I  Natural gas waits for its moment(O gás natural aguarda seu momento) 

"Natural gas waits for its moment"

Paul Stenquist

Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world. Iran has more than two million natural gas vehicles on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy and Germany have substantial natural gas vehicle fleets. Is America next?
       
With natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain prices in the United States, issues that have limited its use in cars are being rethought, and its market share could increase, perhaps substantially.
        
According to Energy Department Price Information from July, natural gas offers economic advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If a gasoline-engine vehicle can take you 40 miles on one gallon, the same vehicle running on compressed natural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’s prices. To that savings add lower maintenance costs. A study of New York City cabs running on natural gas found that oil changes need not be as frequent because of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaustsystem parts last longer because natural gas is less corrosive than other fuels.
       
Today, those economic benefits are nullified by the initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30 percent more than a comparable gasoline-engine vehicle. But were production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down. In an interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainability manager at the Ford Motor Company, said that given sufficient volume, the selling price of natural gas vehicles could be comparable to that of conventional vehicles.
        
It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized, but the environmental benefits appear to be immediate. According to the Energy Department’s website, natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking into account the natural gas production process, which releases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.
        
The United States government appears to favor natural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, it has allowed automakers to count certain vehicle types more than once when calculating their Corporate Average Fuel Economy, under regulations mandating a fleet average of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025. Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can be counted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, and electric vehicles can be counted twice.
        
Adapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introduces engineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burned in an engine designed to run on conventional fuel, performance and efficiency are degraded.
        
But since natural gas has an octane rating of 130, compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure, which would cause a regular gasoline engine to knock from premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yields more power, and thus the energy-density advantage of gasoline can be nullified.[...]
        
Until the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gas vehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleet cannot grow substantially. The number of commercial refueling stations for compressed natural gas has been increasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy Department says. And, while the total is still small, advances in refueling equipment should increase the rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure is already in place: America has millions of miles of natural gas pipeline. Connecting that network to refueling equipment is not difficult.
        
Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend largely on home charging and most have less than half the range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Some compressed natural gas home refueling products are available, but they can cost as much as $5,000.
        
Seeking to change that, the Energy Department has awarded grants to a number of companies in an effort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment. [...]

Available at: <http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/30/automobiles/natural-gas-waits-for-its-moment.html?page wanted=all&module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3A r%2C%7B%222%22%3A%22RI%3A18%22%7D>. Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted.

👉 Questão  11 :
The main purpose of the text is to
(A) defend the use of natural gas as a vehicle fuel.
(B) compare the use of natural gas vehicles in different countries.
(C) establish the technical aspects of the use of natural gas vehicles.
(D) analyze the immediate economic advantages of natural gas vehicles.
(E) highlight environmental protection advantages of natural gas vehicles in the long run.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A  
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➽ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL PRINCIPAL: Em muitas partes do mundo, CARROS E CAMINHÕES SÃO MOVIDOS A GÁS NATURAL.
"Cars and trucks powered by natural gas make up a significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many parts of the world."
(Carros e caminhões movidos a gás natural constituem uma parcela significativa da frota de veículos em muitas partes do mundo.)
➽ O principal objetivo do texto é...
*Alternativa (A): DEFENDER o uso de gás natural como um combustível para veículos.
*Alternativa (B): COMPARAR o uso de veículos a gás natural em diferentes países.
*Alternativa (C): ESTABELECER os aspectos técnicos da utilização de veículos a gás natural.
*Alternativa (D): ANALISAR as vantagens econômicas imediatas dos veículos a gás natural..
*Alternativa (E): DESTACAR as vantagens da proteção ambiental dos veículos a gás natural no longo prazo.

👉 Questão  12 :
In the statement "As of 2009, Argentina had more than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 natural gas filling stations"(lines 4-6), the expression as of  means:
(A) In 2009
(B) Since 2009
(C) Around 2009
(D) Before 2009
(E) Comparing to 2009
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  12(B) 
Na declaração "Desde 2009, a Argentina tinha mais de 1,8 milhões em operação e quase 2.000 postos de abastecimento de gás natural" (linhas 4-6), a expressão AS OF significa:
*Item (A) incorreto: Em 2009.
*Item (B) correto: Desde 2009.
*Item (C) incorreto: Por volta de 2009.
*Item (D) incorreto: Antes de 2009.
*Item (E) incorreto: Comparando com 2009.

👉 Questão  13 :
According to the paragraph limited by lines 13-24 in the text, one can infer that
(A) gasoline is as expensive as diesel in New York City.
(B) a car running on natural gas will pay $1.50 on one gallon of the fuel.
(C) every car running on natural gas will afford to save $3.00 on a 60-mile drive.
(D) the cost of oil changes can improve savings in natural gas-fueled vehicles.
(E) natural gas cannot be associated with corrosion in car's exhaust-system parts.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  13(D) 
De acordo com o parágrafo limitado pelas linhas 13-24 do texto, pode-se inferir que...
*Item (A) incorreto: a gasolina é tão cara quanto o diesel na cidade de Nova York.
*Item (B) incorreto: um carro movido a gás natural pagará US $ 1,50 em um galão de combustível.
*Item (C) incorreto: todos os carros movidos a gás natural economizarão US $ 3,00 em uma unidade de 96 quilômetros.
*Item (D) correto:o custo das trocas de óleo pode melhorar a economia em veículos movidos a gás natural.
*Item (E) incorreto:o gás natural não pode ser associado à corrosão nas partes do sistema de combustão(exaustão) do carro.

👉 Questão  14 :
The sentence of the text "But were production to increase significantly, economies of scale would bring prices down" (lines 28-29) has the same meaning as:
(A) Economies of scale would reduce production and prices significantly.
(B) Economies of scale would be one of the conditions for the decrease of prices.
(C) Production would increase unless economies of scale brought prices down.
(D) Production would increase significantly if economies of scale didn’t bring the prices down.
(E) Prices would not go down although the production increased.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  14(B) 
A sentença do texto "Mas a produção aumentaria significativamente, as economias de escala derrubariam os preços" (linhas 28-29) tem o mesmo significado de:
*Item (A) incorreto: Economias de escala reduziriam significativamente a produção e os preços.
*Item (B) correto: Economias de escala seriam uma das condições para a queda dos preços.
*Item (C) incorreto: A produção aumentaria a menos que as economias de escala reduzissem os preços.
*Item (D) incorreto: A produção aumentaria significativamente se as economias de escala não reduzissem os preços.
*Item (E) incorreto: Os preços não cairiam, embora a produção aumentasse.

👉 Questão  15 :
In the 5th paragraph, limited by lines 35-42 in the text, the author defends the idea that
(A) economic and environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are both immediate results of smaller footprints than those of gasoline or diesel automobiles.
(B) economic benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as considerable as the environmental benefits because of the cost of the natural gas production process.
(C) natural gas vehicles produce smaller footprints than those of gasoline or diesel automobiles because they bring more environmental benefits.
(D) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are remarkable despite the carbon-rich methane released into the atmosphere in the production process.
(E) environmental benefits of natural gas vehicles are not as considerable as the economic benefits because of the cost of the carbon-rich methane released into the atmosphere in the production process.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  15(D) 
No 5º parágrafo, limitado pelas linhas 35-42 no texto, o autor defende a ideia de que ...
*Item (A) incorreto:
*Item (B) incorreto:
*Item (C) incorreto:
*Item (D) correto:
*Item (E) incorreto:

👉 Questão  16 :
The modal verb may in the fragment of the text “It may be years before the economic benefits of natural gas vehicles can be realized” (lines 35-36) is associated with the idea of
(A) permission
(B) obligation
(C) certainty
(D) inference
(E) probability
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  16(E) 
*

👉 Questão  17 :
According to the 6th paragraph in the text (lines 43-52), one of the Corporate Average Fuel Economy goals for the fleet in the United States is average 54.5 miles per gallon
(A) in 2025
(B) prior 2025
(C) around 2025
(D) sometime before 2025
(E) not later than 2025
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  17(E) 
*

👉 Questão  18 :
The personal pronoun it in “so if it is burned in an engine designed to run on conventional fuel” (lines 55-56) refers to
(A) natural gas
(B) degrading fuel
(C) unconventional fuel
(D) 93-octane rating fuel
(E) more energy-dense fuel
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  18(A) 
*

👉 Questão  19 :
According to the 9th paragraph in the text (lines 65-75), refueling stations in the United States
(A) should go through an increase at their rate of expansion.
(B) require pipeline infrastructure that has been growing 16% every year.
(C) do not rely on infrastructure available for their expansion.
(D) cannot grow substantially because of miles of natural gas pipeline.
(E) cannot be expanded through the country because of their potential damage against nature.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  19(A) 
*

👉 Questão  20 :
In the sentence of the text "Although commercial refueling stations will be necessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gas vehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet that makes the vehicles practical"(lines 76-79), the word although implies facts that are
(A) simultaneous
(B) sequential
(C) alternate
(D) opposing
(E) proportional
👍 Comentários e Gabarito QUESTÃO  20(D) 
*

CESGRANRIO 2008 -TERMOAÇU - Engenheiro de Processamento

Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2008 da TERMOAÇU(Usina Termelétrica do Vale do Açu/RN)-Cargo:Engenheiro de Processamento-Prova aplicada em 01/01/2008.

LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 10 questões.

www.cesgranrio.org.br

➦01 Texto.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

➦Use of english(uso do inglês).

👉  TEXTO   "Alarming UN report on climate change too rosy, many say" (Relatório alarmante da ONU sobre as mudanças climáticas também corajoso, muitos dizem) 

TEXTO

Alarming UN report on climate change too rosy, many say

By Elisabeth Rosenthal and James Kanter International Herald Tribune, November 18, 2007

VALENCIA, Spain: The blunt and alarming final report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), released here by UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon, may well underplay the problem of climate change, many experts and even the report’s authors admit.
 
The report describes the evidence for human-induced climate change as “unequivocal.” The rise in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere thus far will result in an average rise in sea levels of up to 4.6 feet, or 1.4 meters, it concluded.
 
“Slowing - and reversing - these threats is the defining challenge of our age,” Ban said upon the report’s release Saturday. Ban said he had just completed a whirlwind tour of some climate change hot spots, which he called as “frightening as a science-fiction movie.”
 
He described ice sheets breaking up in Antarctica, the destruction of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, and children in Chile having to wear protective clothing because an ozone hole was letting in so much ultraviolet radiation.
 
The panel’s fourth and final report summarized and integrated the most significant findings of three sections of the panel’s exhaustive climate-science review, to create an official “pocket guide” to climate change for policy makers who must now decide how the world will respond. The first covered climate trends; the second, the world’s ability to adapt to a warming planet; the third, strategies for reducing carbon emissions.
 
“The sense of urgency when you put these pieces together is new and striking,” said Martin Parry, a British climate expert who was co-chairman of the delegation that wrote the second report.
 
This report’s summary was the first to acknowledge that the melting of the Greenland ice sheet could result in a substantive sea level rise over centuries rather than millennia. “Many of my colleagues would consider that kind of melt a catastrophe” so rapid that mankind would not be able to adapt, said Michael Oppenheimer, a climate scientist at Princeton University who contributed to the IPCC.
 
Delegations from hundreds of nations will be meeting in Bali, Indonesia in two weeks to start hammering out a global climate agreement to succeed the Kyoto Protocol, the current climate change treaty.
 
“It’s extremely clear and is very explicit that the cost of inaction will be huge compared to the cost of action,” said Jeffrey Sachs, head of Columbia University’s Earth Institute. “We can’t afford to wait for some perfect accord to replace Kyoto, whose first phase expires in 2012, for some grand agreement. We can’t afford to spend years bickering about it. We need to start acting now.”
 
He said that delegates in Bali should take action immediately by public financing for demonstration projects on new technologies like “carbon capture,” a “promising but not proved” system that pumps emissions underground instead of releasing them into the sky. He said the energy ministers should start a global fund to help poor countries avoid deforestation, which causes emissions to increase because growing plants absorb carbon in the atmosphere.

Although the scientific data is not new, this was the first time it had been looked at together in its entirety, leading the scientists to new emphasis and more sweeping conclusions.

“And the new science is saying: ‘You thought it was bad? No it’s worse.’ ”

The IPCC chairman, Rajendra Pachauri, an engineer and economist from India, acknowledged the new trajectory. “If there’s no action before 2012, that’s too late,” Pachauri said. “What we do in the next two to three years will determine our future.”

http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/11/18/europe/climate.php

👉 Questão  11 :
The main purpose of the text is to
(A) remind the world that the first phase of the Kyoto Treaty ends in 2012.
(B) warn against the destruction of the Amazon forest and the breaking up of ice sheets in Antartica.
(C) alert about the sense of urgency to take action on problems brought about by climate change.
(D) criticize the release of the report by United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
(E) suggest that delegates in Bali should vote for public funds that will help research on new technologies such as carbon capture.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
The main purpose of the text is to
(A) remind the world that the first phase of the Kyoto Treaty ends in 2012.
(B) warn against the destruction of the Amazon forest and the breaking up of ice sheets in Antartica.
(C) alert about the sense of urgency to take action on problems brought about by climate change.
(D) criticize the release of the report by United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
(E) suggest that delegates in Bali should vote for public funds that will help research on new technologies such as carbon capture.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  12 :
The fragment “… the melting of the Greenland ice sheet could result in a substantive sea level rise over centuries rather than millennia.” (lines 33-35) means that
(A) abrupt changes in the Earth environment might happen sooner than expected.
(B) the rise of sea levels will definitely only take place a thousand years from now.
(C) ice sheets will endure the sudden climate change caused by harmful greenhouse gases.
(D) it is impossible to predict whether the melting of polar ice sheets will actually take place.
(E) the melting of polar ice sheets is a much welcome phenomenon that has been caused by sudden climate change.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) abrupt changes in the Earth environment might happen sooner than expected.
(B) the rise of sea levels will definitely only take place a thousand years from now.
(C) ice sheets will endure the sudden climate change caused by harmful greenhouse gases.
(D) it is impossible to predict whether the melting of polar ice sheets will actually take place.
(E) the melting of polar ice sheets is a much welcome phenomenon that has been caused by sudden climate change.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  13 :
According to Jeffrey Sachs, head of Columbia University’s Earth Institute,
(A) it is better to be accused of inaction than to act wrongly.
(B) energy officers should finance deforestation projects in poor countries.
(C) no public financing should be given to projects on new technologies like ‘carbon capture’.
(D) we must now only work towards a perfect agreement to substitute the Kyoto treaty in 2012.
(E) it is essential to act immediately on the threats to life in our planet as we cannot wait any further.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) it is better to be accused of inaction than to act wrongly.
(B) energy officers should finance deforestation projects in poor countries.
(C) no public financing should be given to projects on new technologies like ‘carbon capture’.
(D) we must now only work towards a perfect agreement to substitute the Kyoto treaty in 2012.
(E) it is essential to act immediately on the threats to life in our planet as we cannot wait any further.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  14 :
Where in the article does the author present alarming evidences of human impact on climate change?
(A) Paragraph 3, only (lines 11-15)
(B) Paragraph 5, only (lines  20-27)
(C) Paragraphs 2 and 4 (lines 6-10 ; 16-19)
(D) Paragraphs 4 and 5 (lines 16-27)
(E) Paragraphs 8 and 9 (lines 40-50)
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) Paragraph 3, only (lines 11-15)
(B) Paragraph 5, only (lines  20-27)
(C) Paragraphs 2 and 4 (lines 6-10 ; 16-19)
(D) Paragraphs 4 and 5 (lines 16-27)
(E) Paragraphs 8 and 9 (lines 40-50)
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  15 :
Which alternative contains a correct correspondence of meaning?
(A) “underplay” (line 4) is the opposite of  “minimize”.
(B) “unequivocal” (line  7) means the same as “clear”.
(C) “trends” (line  25) and “tendencies” are not synonyms.
(D) “acknowledge” (line  32) means “acquire”.
(E) “substantive” (line  34) and “significant” are  antonyms.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) “underplay” (line 4) is the opposite of  “minimize”.
(B) “unequivocal” (line  7) means the same as “clear”.
(C) “trends” (line  25) and “tendencies” are not synonyms.
(D) “acknowledge” (line  32) means “acquire”.
(E) “substantive” (line  34) and “significant” are  antonyms.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  16 :
The boldfaced item introduces a result in
(A) “…children in Chile having to wear protective clothing because an ozone hole was letting in so much ultraviolet radiation.” (lines  17-19)
(B) “…the melting of the Greenland ice sheet could result in a substantive sea level rise over centuries rather than millennia.” (lines  33-35).
(C) “Many of my colleagues would consider that kind of melt a catastrophe” so rapid that mankind would not be able to adapt” (lines  35-37).
(D) “…system that pumps emissions underground instead of releasing them into the sky.” (lines 54-55).
(E) “Although the scientific data is not new, this was the first time it had been looked at together in its entirety,” (lines 59-60).
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) “…children in Chile having to wear protective clothing because an ozone hole was letting in so much ultraviolet radiation.” (lines  17-19)
(B) “…the melting of the Greenland ice sheet could result in a substantive sea level rise over centuries rather than millennia.” (lines  33-35).
(C) “Many of my colleagues would consider that kind of melt a catastrophe” so rapid that mankind would not be able to adapt” (lines  35-37).
(D) “…system that pumps emissions underground instead of releasing them into the sky.” (lines 54-55).
(E) “Although the scientific data is not new, this was the first time it had been looked at together in its entirety,” (lines 59-60).
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  17 :
In terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that
(A) “It” (line  9) refers to “rise” (line  7).
(B) “Which” (line  14) refers to “threats” (line  11). (C) “Whose” (line  48) refers to “Jeffrey Sachs” (line  46).
(D) “Them” (line  55) refers to “emissions” (line  54).
(E) “Its” (line  60) refers to “time” (line  60).
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) “It” (line  9) refers to “rise” (line  7).
(B) “Which” (line  14) refers to “threats” (line  11). (C) “Whose” (line  48) refers to “Jeffrey Sachs” (line  46).
(D) “Them” (line  55) refers to “emissions” (line  54).
(E) “Its” (line  60) refers to “time” (line  60).
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  18 :
In “… delegates in Bali should take action immediately by public financing for demonstration projects on new technologies…” (lines 51-53), the verb that can replace should without changing the meaning of the sentence is
(A) will
(B) may
(C) might
(D) would
(E) ought to
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) will
(B) may
(C) might
(D) would
(E) ought to
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  19 :
Which statement does NOT represent the opinion expressed by one of the experts mentioned?
(A) According to Secretary General Ban Kin Moon, the major challenge of our times is to reduce and combat the threats of climate change.
(B) Secretary General Ban Kin Moon believes that the problems caused by climate change are as exciting and fun as watching a science-fiction movie’.
(C) Martin Parry’s opinion is that finding solutions for the problems of climate change is a pressing fact that must be considered immediately.
(D) Michael Oppenheimer considers that the melting of the Greenland ice sheet can result in a disastrous problem which will be difficult to adjust to.
(E) Rajendra Pachauri insists that humanity cannot wait for the 2012 agreement to decide what to do, and must act now, in the next couple of years.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) According to Secretary General Ban Kin Moon, the major challenge of our times is to reduce and combat the threats of climate change.
(B) Secretary General Ban Kin Moon believes that the problems caused by climate change are as exciting and fun as watching a science-fiction movie’.
(C) Martin Parry’s opinion is that finding solutions for the problems of climate change is a pressing fact that must be considered immediately.
(D) Michael Oppenheimer considers that the melting of the Greenland ice sheet can result in a disastrous problem which will be difficult to adjust to.
(E) Rajendra Pachauri insists that humanity cannot wait for the 2012 agreement to decide what to do, and must act now, in the next couple of years.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👉 Questão  20 :
The text as a whole is both
(A) argumentative and optimistic.
(B) subjective and informative.
(C) comforting and creative.
(D) persuasive and alarming.
(E) hopeful and enthusiastic.
_____________________________________________________________________________
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
(A) argumentative and optimistic.
(B) subjective and informative.
(C) comforting and creative.
(D) persuasive and alarming.
(E) hopeful and enthusiastic.

CESGRANRIO 2008 - PETROBRAS - Nível Superior(vários cargos)

Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2008 da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.)-Cargo:Nível Superior(vários cargos)-Prova aplicada em 08/06/2008.

www.cesgranrio.org.br

➦01 Texto.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada)
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

➦Use of english(uso do inglês).

👉  Texto   "Oil could transform Brazil's economy. But not necessarily for the better"(O petróleo poderia transformar a economia brasileira. Mas não necessariamente para melhor) 

Oil could transform Brazil’s economy. But not necessarily for the better

The legend is that Brazil never lives up to its vast potential. When Stefan Zweig, an exiled Austrian writer, said in 1941 of his new home that it was the "country of the future", popular humour quickly added "and it always will be". More recently, when Goldman Sachs classified Brazil together with Russia, India and China as the “BRIC” countries that collectively represent the world's economic future, there was much complaining that its mediocre rate of economic growth condemned it to be an intruder in such dynamic company.
          
Yet there are reasons to believe that South America's economic powerhouse of 190 million people is starting to count in the world. Economic growth has risen steadily, to 5.4% last year. That is modest by Chinese standards— but the comparison is misleading. Brazil enjoyed Chinese rates of growth in the third quarter of the 20th century. That was when it was almost as poor as China. It is much harder for a middle-income country, as Brazil now is, to grow at such rates. And now it looks as if Brazil will become an oil power, too.
          
Brazil’s previous growth boom was derailed by debt and high oil prices, a collapse that obliged its then military government to give way to civilian rule. The early years of restored democracy saw chronic inflation, economic torpor and political drift. In the past decade and a half, however, under reforming democratic governments, Brazil has conquered inflation, opened a protected economy to the world and begun to tackle its social problems. Poverty and inequality are falling steadily.
           
All this has gradually created a new mood among business people. Brazilian companies, traditionally inward-looking family-owned affairs, are going to the stockmarket to raise funds, in many cases to finance expansion abroad. Some, such as Vale, the world’s second-biggest mining company, and Embraer, its third-largest maker of civilian aircraft, both privatised in the 1990s, are well-known. A string of others are about to become so.
          
Many of these companies are linked to agribusiness or other primary commodities. Additionally, some economists argue that Brazil is the beneficiary of a structural shift, in which the industrialisation of Asia and the rise of a new middle class in the developing world will keep commodity prices high. Besides, Brazil produces more than just soyabeans. It has a lot of manufacturing industry too. And its newly discovered offshore fields of oil and natural gas may turn out to be bigger than those in the North Sea in the 1960s.
          
Oil wealth is lovely, of course. But it is also a cause for concern. The worry now is that a bonanza of oil will weaken an already infirm resolve to dig deeper into the economy’s structural problems. These difficulties include an oppressive tax system and a labour code that makes firms cautious in hiring. Between them these have confined some 40% of the workforce to the informal economy. Compared with its past, Brazil is indeed doing much better. But before oil euphoria kicks in, Brazil’s leaders should ask themselves why so many other countries have made bigger returns from a much smaller natural endowment.

Apr 17th 2008 From The Economist print edition

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👉 Questão  11 :
According to Paragraph 1 (lines 1-10), Brazil
(A) is not allowed to explore its abundant natural resources.
(B) will never be ranked with countries such as Russia, India and China.
(C) will never be a country of the future due to its accelerated economic growth.
(D) was considered to be a promising land by the Austrian writer Stefan Zweig.
(E) is condemned to play a small part among the most powerful nations of the world.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
*O item (A) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil não tem permissão para explorar seus abundantes recursos naturais.O texto não faz menção sobre essa declaração.
*O item (B) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil nunca será classificado tais como países como Rússia, Índia e China.O texto não faz menção sobre essa declaração.
*O item (C) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil nunca será um país do futuro devido ao seu crescimento econômico acelerado.O texto não faz menção sobre essa declaração absurda.
*O item (D) está CORRETO ao afirmar que o Brasil era considerado ser uma terra promissora pelo escritor austríaco Stefan Zweig.Veja texto:
"[...]When Stefan Zweig, an exiled Austrian writer, said in 1941 of his new home that it was the "country of the future".
*O item (E) está incorreto ao afirmar que o Brasil está condenado a representar um papel pequeno entre as nações mais poderosas do mundo.O texto não não faz menção sobre essa declaração.
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👉 Questão  12 :
The sentence “Yet there are reasons to believe that South America’s economic powerhouse of 190 million people is starting to count in the world.” (lines 11-13), which introduces Paragraph 2,
(A) confirms that the several critics of Brazil were right in their predictions.
(B) justifies why Brazil could not be added to the group of “BRIC” countries.
(C) explains why Brazil should depend on South American economic powers.
(D) criticizes Brazil’s low rate of economic growth, compared to Chinese rates.
(E) contradicts the criticism that Brazil would not have a role in the world’s economic future. 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉 Questão  13 :
According to Paragraph 2 (lines 11-20),
(A) China has been growing faster than Brazil lately.
(B) Brazil is, currently, as poor as China and needs to grow faster.
(C) Brazil and China have 190 million economically active people.
(D) Brazil had similar growth rates as China’s in the early 20th century period.
(E) Brazil and China have both reached equal levels of income for their populations.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
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👉 Questão  14 :
Which alternative contains a correct correspondence of meaning?
(A) “restored” (line 24) and reestablished are antonyms.
(B) “tackle” (line 28) and deal with are synonyms. (C) “shift” (line 40) is the opposite of change.
(D) “newly” (line 45) and recently are not synonyms.
(E) “confined” (line 53) means the same as released. 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
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👉 Questão  15 :
Check the option in which the phrase is INCORRECTLY explained.
(A) “South America’s economic powerhouse” (lines 11-12) = the economic powerhouse of South America.
(B) “traditionally inward-looking family-owned affairs” (lines 31-32) = affairs owned by traditional families who look inwards.
(C) “the world’s second-biggest mining company” (line 34) = a mining company that is the second biggest one in the world.
(D) “third-largest maker of civilian aircraft” (line 35) = a civilian aircraft maker that is the third largest one.
(E) “newly discovered offshore fields of oil and natural gas” (line 45) = fields of oil and natural gas that are offshore and that have been newly discovered.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
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👉 Questão  16 :
In terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that
(A) “its” (line 8) refers to “world’s” (line 7).
(B) “That” (line 14) refers to “year” (line 14).
(C) “this” (line 30) refers to “new mood” (line 30). (D) “others” (line 37) refers to “business people” (lines 30-31).
(E) “those” (line 46) refers to “fields” (line 45). 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉 Questão  17 :
The only item where the boldfaced word may be replaced by furthermore is
(A) “In the past decade and a half, however, under reforming democratic governments, Brazil has conquered inflation,” (lines 25-27)
(B) “Some, such as Vale, the world’s second-biggest mining company,” (lines 33-34)
(C) “Additionally, some economists argue that Brazil is the beneficiary of a structural shift,” (lines 39-40)
(D) “Compared with its past, Brazil is indeed doing much better.” (line 55)
(E) “But before oil euphoria kicks in,” (line 56) 
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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👉 Questão  18 : 
According to Paragraph 6 (lines 48-54), oil can  be considered a cause of concern because
(A) economic problems can weaken Brazil’s ability to explore the new oil resources.
(B) Brazil’s newly discovered oil resources are not as big as the experts previously expected.
(C) the current oil drilling technology is not appropriate for the extraction of all the oil discovered.
(D) the nation’s leaders might forget the structural problems in the euphoric scenario of new oil sources.
(E) the heavy taxation of oil products might maximize the economic returns of drilling the recently discovered oil wealth.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
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👉 Questão  19 :
The fragment “Brazil’s leaders should ask themselves why so many other countries have made bigger returns from a much smaller natural endowment.” (lines 56-58) means that Brazil’s leaders
(A) should not concern themselves about why other countries have been more lucrative than Brazil.
(B) may be in doubt whether it is true that Brazil will eventually make as much money as countries with vast of natural resources.
(C) might speculate if Brazil could make more gains if it made a better use of its scarce natural gifts.
(D) would rather investigate how some countries that are not as rich as Brazil find the means to survive.
(E) had better analyze why countries with fewer natural resources than Brazil have been more profitable.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉 Questão  20 :
 The text as a whole is both
(A) pessimistic and sarcastic.
(B) optimistic and enthusiastic.
(C) argumentative and watchful.
(D) persuasive and comforting.
(E) hopeless and terrifying.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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