CACD TPS 2009 – DIPLOMATA – LÍNGUA INGLESA

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• DIPLOMATA-CACD-TPS-2009-CESPE/UnB-APLICAÇÃO 08/03/2009.

❑ ESTRUTURA-TPS-TESTE DE PRÉ-SELEÇÃO:

• 04 True False Questions / 4 Options Each Question.
• 08 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | The sea of faith |
• Texto (2) – | History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther. |
• Texto (3) – | Germany loses revs |

❑ TEXTO 1: 

❑ TEXTO 1: This text refers to questions 40 to 43.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

Fundamentalism has one interesting insight. O fundamentalismo tem uma visão interessante.

It perceives the science-based, libertarian, humanist culture of the modern era as being itself a kind of new religion — and its deadly enemy. Ele percebe a cultura da humanista, libertária e baseada na ciência da era moderna, como sendo ela própria uma espécie de nova religião – e seu inimigo mortal.

We fail to see this because we are immersed in it, it dominates more than nine-tenths of our lives, and it is so amorphous. Não conseguimos perceber isso porque estamos imersos nele, ele domina mais de nove décimos de nossas vidas e é muito amorfo.

It has no officially recognised scriptures, creeds, prophets or organisation. Não possui escrituras, credos, profetas ou organização oficialmente reconhecidos.

Rather, it is a loose coalition of many different forces, kept on the move and in constant self-criticism and self-correction by an active and striving ethic derived from Protestantism. Pelo contrário, é uma coligação frouxa de muitas forças diferentes, mantidas em movimento e em constante autocrítica e autocorreção por uma ética ativa e esforçada derivada do protestantismo.

So far as this new faith — if that is what it is — has theologians, priests and prophets, they are, respectively, the scientists and scholars whose business it is to criticise and increase knowledge, the artists who refine our perceptions and open up new life-possibilities, and the armies of idealistic campaigners who urge us to become active in hundreds of good causes. Se esta nova fé - se é que é isso que ela é - tem teólogos, sacerdotes e profetas, eles são, respetivamente, os cientistas e os acadêmicos cuja função é criticar e aumentar o conhecimento, os artistas que refinam as nossas percepções e abrem novas possibilidades de vida, e os exércitos de ativistas idealistas que nos exortam a tornarmo-nos ativos em centenas de boas causas.

So seductive and compelling is this new faith that it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its language and its way of thinking. Esta nova fé é tão sedutora e convincente que é impossível não adotar a sua linguagem e o seu modo de pensar.

They are everywhere, and irresistible. Estão por todo o lado e são irresistíveis. 

That is what makes it like a religion: once we are in the midst of it and do not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour it has, we are largely unaware of its awesome, unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power. É isso que a torna semelhante a uma religião: uma vez que estamos no meio dela e não apreciamos o seu sabor forte e distinto, não nos apercebemos, em grande medida, do seu poder evangelístico espantoso, imparável e perturbador. 

Don Cuppitt. The sea of faith (O mar da fé). Londres: British Broadcasting Corporation, 1985, p. 181 (adaptado).

40. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

It can be concluded from the text that

(A) fundamentalism is more intuitively perceptive than secular culture.
(B) scientists and scholars act the same way as theologians, priests and prophets.
(C) idealism compels people to join good causes.
(D) modern humanist culture is subliminally pervasive.
(E) Protestantism is the backbone of modern humanist culture.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Pode-se concluir pelo texto que

(A) fundamentalism is more intuitively perceptive than secular culture. o fundamentalismo é mais intuitivamente perceptivo do que a cultura secular.
(B) scientists and scholars act the same way as theologians, priests and prophets. cientistas e estudiosos agem da mesma forma que teólogos, sacerdotes e profetas.
(C) idealism compels people to join good causes. o idealismo obriga as pessoas a aderirem a boas causas.

(D) modern humanist culture is subliminally pervasive. a cultura humanista moderna é subliminarmente difundida.

(E) Protestantism is the backbone of modern humanist culture. O protestantismo é a espinha dorsal da cultura humanista moderna.

➭ TRECHO:

• [...] They are everywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes it like a religion: once we are in the midst of it and do not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour it has, we are largely unaware of its awesome, unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power. Estão por todo o lado e são irresistíveis. É isso que a torna semelhante a uma religião: uma vez que estamos no meio dela e não apreciamos o seu sabor forte e distinto, não nos apercebemos, em grande medida, do seu poder evangelístico espantoso, imparável e perturbador. 

41. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

Judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items with reference to the text.

(1) The pronoun “its” (R.4) refers to “humanist culture” (R.2-3).
(2) The word "Rather" (R.8) means more or less.
(3) In context, the expression "So far as" (R.12) means as though.
(4) The word “business” (R.15) could be appropriately replaced by concern.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    EEEC  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

42. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

Indicate which of the following words or phrases would not be an appropriate synonym for the word "once" in the phrase "once we are in the midst of it" (L.24).

(A) because
(B) since
(C) whenever
(D) as
(E) inasmuch as

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Indicate which of the following words or phrases would not be an appropriate synonym for the word "once" in the phrase "once we are in the midst of it" (L.24).

Indique quais das seguintes palavras ou frases não seriam um sinônimo apropriado para a palavra "once"(uma vez) na frase "once we are in the midst of it"(uma vez que estejamos no meio disso).

(A) because (porque)

(B) since (desde que, já que, porque)
(C) whenever (sempre que, toda vez que)
(D) as (porque, pois, quando, como)
(E) inasmuch as (já que, porque)

➭ BECAUSE - AS - SINCE - INASMUCH AS (São vocábulos sinônimos). 

• You can go first as you're the oldest. Você pode ir primeiro porque é o mais velho. (AS = BECAUSE)

• They couldn’t deliver the parcel since no one was there to answer the door. Eles não puderam entregar o pacote porque não havia ninguém para atender a porta. (SINCE = BECAUSE)

• It would not be true to say he had retired from this firm, inasmuch as he still does a certain amount of work for us. Não seria verdade dizer que ele se aposentou desta empresa, visto que ainda faz alguns trabalhos para nós. (INASMUCH AS = BECAUSE)

43. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

In the phrase “That is what makes it like a religion” (L.23-24),

the word “That” refers to

(A) the language and way of thinking being everywhere.
(B) the fact that one cannot avoid adopting its language and rationale.
(C) the pervasiveness of modern humanist culture.
(D) the seductiveness of science-based thinking.
(E) the ubiquitousness of the new faith.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• "That” refers to the fact that one cannot avoid adopting its language and rationale. “That” refere-se ao facto de que não se pode evitar a adoção da sua linguagem e lógica.

➭ TRECHO:

• [...] So seductive and compelling is this new faith that it is somehow impossible to avoid adopting its language and its way of thinking. They are everywhere, and irresistible. That is what makes it like a religion: once we are in the midst of it and do not appreciate how strong and distinctive a flavour it has, we are largely unaware of its awesome, unstoppable, disruptive evangelistic power. Esta nova fé é tão sedutora e convincente que é impossível não adotar a sua linguagem e o seu modo de pensar. Estão por todo o lado e são irresistíveis. É isso que a torna semelhante a uma religião: uma vez que estamos no meio dela e não apreciamos o seu sabor forte e distinto, não nos apercebemos, em grande medida, do seu poder evangelístico espantoso, imparável e perturbador. 

❑ TEXTO 2: This text refers to questions 44 to 47.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:

German scientists have reconstructed an extraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life of Martin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father of Protestantism, by trawling through his household waste uncovered during archaeological digs on sites where he used to live. Cientistas alemães reconstruíram um quadro extraordinariamente detalhado da vida doméstica de Martinho Lutero, o reformador do século XVI e pai do protestantismo, vasculhando o lixo doméstico descoberto durante escavações arqueológicas nos locais onde ele morava.

Despite the widespread belief that Luther lived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fed man — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in 1546 at the age of 63. Apesar da crença generalizada de que Lutero vivia na pobreza, as evidências sugerem que ele era um homem bem alimentado – pesando 150 kg quando morreu em 1546, aos 63 anos.

Even Luther's claim that he came from humble circumstances has been dismissed. Até mesmo a afirmação de Lutero de que ele veio de circunstâncias humildes foi rejeitada.

New evidence has shown that his father owned land and a copper mill besides lending money for interest. Novas evidências mostram que seu pai possuía terras e uma usina de cobre, além de emprestar dinheiro a juros.

His mother meanwhile was born into an upper middle class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested, that she "carried all her wood on her back". Sua mãe, entretanto, nasceu em uma família de classe média alta e é improvável, como sugeriu Lutero, que ela "carregasse toda a madeira nas costas".

Extensive research carried out at the family home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote his celebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit by animal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the River Elbe. Extensas pesquisas realizadas na casa da família em Wittenberg mostraram que Lutero escrevia seus célebres textos com penas de ganso sob lâmpadas iluminadas por gordura animal, numa sala aquecida com vista para o rio Elba.

It obviously suited him because he churned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunks something of the Luther myth to know he wrote the 95 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in 2004. Obviamente combinava com ele porque ele produzia 1.800 páginas por ano. Desmascara algo do mito de Lutero saber que ele escreveu as 95 teses numa privada de pedra, que foi desenterrada em 2004.

But the claim by historians which will arguably be most upsetting for followers is the recently uncovered written evidence that it was not, as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21-year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted to become a monk. Mas a afirmação dos historiadores que será provavelmente mais perturbadora para os seguidores é a evidência escrita recentemente descoberta de que não foi, como se pensava, um raio que levou à declaração espontânea do então jovem de 21 anos de que queria tornar-se monge.

Rather, it was his desperation to escape an impending arranged marriage. Em vez disso, era o seu desespero para escapar de um casamento arranjado iminente.

Kate Connolly. A História desenterra os podres de Martinho Lutero, In: The Guardian, segunda-feira, 27 de outubro de 2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adaptado).

44. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

According to the text, recent archaeological finds

(A) have supplemented and adjusted the portrait of Luther.
(B) have revealed that Luther was not truly religious.
(C) have perturbed Lutherans’ beliefs.
(D) have proven that Luther misrepresented his parents’ financial status.
(E) date back to the year 2004.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Segundo o texto, achados arqueológicos recentes

(A) have supplemented and adjusted the portrait of Luther. complementaram e ajustaram o retrato de Lutero.
(B) have revealed that Luther was not truly religious. revelaram que Lutero não era verdadeiramente religioso.
(C) have perturbed Lutherans’ beliefs. perturbaram as crenças dos luteranos.
(D) have proven that Luther misrepresented his parents’ financial status. provaram que Lutero deturpou a situação financeira de seus pais.
(E) date back to the year 2004. datam do ano de 2004.

45. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

Indicate which of the following statements is not consistent with information the text provides.

(A) Luther’s weight belies his supposed poverty.
(B) Luther’s parents were relatively well-off.
(C) Luther lived in reasonable comfort at his home in Wittenberg.
(D) Luther’s religious calling was not genuine.
(E) Luther’s mother probably did not carry “all her wood on her back”.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

46. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

The word “digs” (L.5) is

(A) a noun referring to excavation.
(B) a noun referring to accommodation.
(C) a verb referring to mocking.
(D) a verb referring to accommodation.
(E) part of an adjectival phrase qualifying sites.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

47. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items.

(1) The aim of describing Luther as “weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died” (L.9) is to suggest a humorous comparison with a heavy-weight boxer.
(2) The phrase “churned out 1,800 pages a year” (L.23) suggests that Luther was a careless writer.
(3) Luther’s father indulged in usury.
(4) The reference to a “lightning bolt” (L.30) was meant to allude to putative divine intervention in Luther’s calling.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    CECC  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

❑ TEXTO 3: This text refers to questions 48 to 51.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 3:

It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats a morning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28-year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his might on the kick-start. Está frio e é cedo e Detlef Fendt repete um ritual matinal, colocando-se na lateral da sua moto BMW de 28 anos e saltando com toda a força no arranque.

It takes a few goes, but eventually the bike roars into life. Demora algumas tentativas, mas finalmente a moto ganha vida.

After all, this is the sort of solid reliable machine that makes German goods a household name for quality. Afinal, este é o tipo de máquina sólida e confiável que faz dos produtos alemães um nome familiar em termos de qualidade.

It's that good name that means Germany is the world's top exporter. China may take the title soon, but for the moment Germany is still a world-beater. É esse bom nome que significa que a Alemanha é o maior exportador mundial. A China pode conquistar o título em breve, mas por enquanto a Alemanha ainda é a campeã mundial.

Detlef is part of that success story. A Detlef faz parte dessa história de sucesso.

For the last 40 years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at the Berlin plant. Nos últimos 40 anos ele fabricou máquinas-ferramentas para carros Daimler na fábrica de Berlim.

He started work when he was 16 and is now the plant's main union representative for IG Metall. Começou a trabalhar aos 16 anos e hoje é o principal representante sindical da IG Metall na fábrica.

But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch, he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from his early morning ritual. Mas este ano, graças à crise de crédito mundial, ele terá uma pausa sazonal indesejada no seu ritual matinal.

The plant is closing down for an extra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to mid-January, because of falling orders. A fábrica está fechando para um feriado extra-longo de Natal, de meados de dezembro a meados de janeiro, devido à queda nos pedidos.

He tells me: "At the moment we are in a distribution crisis — the automobile industry is not 22 selling enough cars and lorries”. Ele me diz: “Neste momento estamos numa crise de distribuição – a indústria automóvel não está a vender carros e camiões suficientes”. 

Consumer confidence was dented in Germany long before the credit crunch, and despite his union's recent deal it is not returning. A confiança do consumidor estava abalada na Alemanha muito antes da crise de crédito e, apesar do recente acordo do seu sindicato, não está a regressar.

Germany is now in recession and the figures have been worse than economists were predicting. A Alemanha está agora em recessão e os números têm sido piores do que os economistas previam

Equally bad statistics for the whole of the European Union are expected today. Esperam-se hoje estatísticas igualmente más para toda a União Europeia.

While consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europe continues to shrink. Enquanto os consumidores na América se sentem intimidados, enquanto a Ásia está nervosa, o resto da Europa observa com medo enquanto a maior economia da Europa continua a encolher.

Mark Mardell. A Alemanha perde rotações. 

BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

48. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items.

(1) Fendt’s motorbike starts up immediately because it is a reliable machine.
(2) German manufactures are renowned for their quality and durability.
(3) Fendt is being made redundant.
(4) IG Metall is a subsidiary of BMW.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    ECEE  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Com base no texto, julgue — certo (C) ou errado (E) — os seguintes itens.

(1) Fendt’s motorbike starts up immediately because it is a reliable machine. A moto de Fendt dá partida imediatamente porque é uma máquina confiável.
(2) German manufactures are renowned for their quality and durability. Os fabricantes alemães são conhecidos pela sua qualidade e durabilidade.
(3) Fendt is being made redundant. Fendt está sendo despedido.
(4) IG Metall is a subsidiary of BMW. A IG Metall é uma filial da BMW.

49. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

Judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following items with reference to the text.

(1) In context, the phrase “household name” (L.7) could be appropriately replaced by synonym.
(2) "After all" (L.5) is equivalent to Eventually.
(3) The Berlin factory is closing temporarily owing to a slump in demand.
(4) The word "dented" (L.23) suggests an acute effect.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    CECE  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

(1) In context, the phrase “household name” (L.7) could be appropriately replaced by synonym. No contexto, a expressão “nome do agregado familiar” (L.7) poderia ser apropriadamente substituída por sinônimo.
(2) "After all" (L.5) is equivalent to Eventually. “Afinal” (L.5) é equivalente a Finalmente.

(3) The Berlin factory is closing temporarily owing to a slump in demand. A fábrica de Berlim está a encerrar temporariamente devido à queda na procura.
(4) The word "dented" (L.23) suggests an acute effect. A palavra “amassado” (L.23) sugere um efeito agudo.

50. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

In the phrase "consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery" (L.29-30), the most appropriate synonyms for "cowed" and "jittery" are respectively

(A) bovine and aggressive.
(B) herded and troubling.
(C) threatened and apprehensive.
(D) confined and alacritous.
(E) bent over and trembling.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Na frase "consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery" (os consumidores na América se sentem intimidados, enquanto a Ásia está nervosa), os sinônimos mais apropriados para "cowed"(intimidado, amedrontado) and "jittery"(nervoso, trémulo) são respectivamente

(A) bovine and aggressive. bovino e agressivo.
(B) herded and troubling. rebanho e preocupante.
(C) threatened and apprehensive. ameaçado e apreensivo.
(D) confined and alacritous. confinado e alegre.
(E) bent over and trembling. curvado e tremendo.

51. (CESPE/UnB/2009-DIPLOMATA-CACD-1ª FASE)

In context, "might" (L.4) and "kick-start" (L.4) are respectively

(A) a conditional verb and a noun.
(B) a noun and a verb.
(C) an auxiliary verb and a transitive verb.
(D) an auxiliary verb and a noun.
(E) a noun and a noun.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

No contexto, "might" (força) and "kick-start" (arranque) são respectivamente

(A) a conditional verb and a noun. um verbo condicional e um substantivo.
(B) a noun and a verb. um substantivo e um verbo.
(C) an auxiliary verb and a transitive verb. um verbo auxiliar e um verbo transitivo.
(D) an auxiliary verb and a noun. um verbo auxiliar e um substantivo.
(E) a noun and a noun. um substantivo e um substantivo.

➭ TRECHO:

• [...] It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats a morning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28-year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his might on the kick-start. Está frio e é cedo e Detlef Fendt repete um ritual matinal, colocando-se na lateral da sua moto BMW de 28 anos e saltando com toda a força no arranque.

CACD – DISCURSIVA 2009 – DIPLOMATA – LÍNGUA INGLESA –WRITING EXAMINATION

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• DIPLOMATA-CACD-WRITING EXAMINATION-2009-CESPE/UnB.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA ESCRITA:

• (1) TRANSLATION  | 20 pontos |
• (2) VERSION  | 15 pontos |
• (3) SUMMARY | 15 pontos |
• (4) COMPOSITION | 50 pontos | 

1 - TRANSLATION:

Translate into Portuguese the following excerpt adapted from Edward Said’s 1993 Reith Lecture

“Intellectual exile: expatriates and marginals. What is the proper role of the intellectual in today’s society?”   

[value: 20 marks]

         

Exile means being neither entirely at one with the new setting, nor fully disencumbered of the old; beset with half-involvements and half-detachments; nostalgic and sentimental yet equally a consummate mimic or secret outcast. Being adept at survival becomes the imperative, with the dangers of getting too comfortable and secure constituting a threat constantly to be guarded against.
            

Salim, the main character of V.S. Naipaul’s novel “A Bend in the River,” is an affecting instance of the modern intellectual in exile: an East African Muslim of Indian origin, he has left the coast and journeyed into the interior, where he survives precariously in a new state modelled on Mobutu's Zaire. Naipaul portrays Salim’s life at a 'bend in the river’ as a no-man’s-land, to which hail the European intellectual advisers (who succeed the idealistic missionaries of colonial times), as well as the assorted mercenaries, profiteers, and other Third World drifters in whose ambience Salim is forced to live, gradually forfeiting his property and integrity in the mounting confusion.
             

As the novel unravels, the natives themselves have become exiles in their own country, so preposterous and erratic are the whims of the ruler, Big Man, a symbol of all post-colonial regimes.

➽ TRADUÇÃO:

Exílio significa estar nem integrado por completo ao novo ambiente, tampouco totalmente desprendido do antigo; acometido de semi-envolvimentos e semi-destacamentos; nostálgico e sentimental, mas em igual medida um mímico contumaz ou um excluído secreto. A maestria na sobrevivência torna-se um imperativo, os perigos de acomodar-se e de tornar-se seguro demais constituindo uma ameaça contra a qual deve-se proteger constantemente.
           

Salim, o personagem principal do romance Uma curva no rio, de V. S. Naipaul, é um exemplo tocante do intelectual exilado moderno: muçulmano de origem indiana do leste africano, ele deixou o litoral e rumou ao interior, onde sobrevive precariamente em um Estado baseado no Zaire de Mobutu. Naipaul retrata a vida de Salim em uma “curva no rio” como uma terra de ninguém, para onde dirigem-se os conselheiros intelectuais europeus (sucessores dos missionários idealistas de épocas coloniais), bem como diversos mercenários, gananciosos e outros golpistas terceiro-mundistas em cuja companhia Salim é forçado a viver, gradualmente renunciando a suas propriedades e sua integridade no ambiente de crescente agitação.
            

Conforme o romance se desenvolve, os próprios nativos tornam-se exilados em seu próprio país, tão absurdos e erráticos são os desmandos do governante, Grande Homem, um símbolo de todos os regimes políticos pós-coloniais. 

2 - VERSION:

Translate into English the following excerpt adapted from a special Folha de São Paulo report on Sri Lanka by Roberto Candelori published 18th May 2009:

[value: 15 marks]

O Sri Lanka vê-se diante de um conflito que já dura um quarto de século. Com uma população dividida entre cingaleses budistas (74%) e tâmeis de orientação hindu (18%), o antigo Ceilão tornou-se um "banho de sangue", segundo a ONU.
            

O país conquistou a independência dos britânicos em 1948, quando começou a implantação de políticas discriminatórias contra a minoria tâmil, que tivera lugar de destaque na administração colonial. Sucessivos governos baixaram leis que cercearam os direitos dos tâmeis ao impor-lhes o cingalês como língua oficial e restringir-lhes o acesso à educação superior e a cargos públicos.
            

Revoltados, os tâmeis passaram a reagir, exigindo a igualdade linguística, social e religiosa.
            

Em 25 anos de conflito, estima-se que tenham ocorrido até 100 mil mortes, e o futuro parece não menos assustador. Mais de 250 mil tâmeis encontram-se agora sob a mira dos fuzis e sob o silêncio da comunidade internacional. A ordem é atirar.

➽ VERSÃO (Português→Inglês):

Sri Lanka faces a conflict that has already been going on for a quarter of a century. With a population divided between Buddhist Singalis (74%) and Hindu Tamils (18%), former Ceylan has become a “blood bath”, according to the UN.

            

The country achieved its independence from the British in 1948, when it started the implementation of discriminatory measures against the Tamil minority which had occupied key positions in the colonial administration. Successive governments passed laws that curtailed Tamils' rights, by imposing Singali on them as an official language and denying them access to higher education and public offices.
           

The Tamils, outraged, began to fight back, demanding linguistic, social, and religious equality.
            

In 25 years of conflict, one hundred thousand deaths have been estimated, and the future seems no less dreadful. Over 250 thousand Tamils are now under guns' sights and under the silence of international society. The order is to shoot. 

3 - SUMMARY:

Write a summary in your own words not over 200 words in length of the following excerpt adapted from “Open up,” an Economist special report on migration published 3rd January 2008.

[value: 15 marks]

Enoch Powell had a point. The radical British Conservative politician warned, nearly four decades ago, that immigrants were causing such strife that “like the Roman, I seem to see the River Tiber foaming with much blood.” That proved to be nonsense, as did his advice that migrants should be encouraged to leave. Had they done so, Britain and other rich countries that depend heavily on foreign labour would be in a dreadful state. One prediction he made was spot on, however: that by about now, one in ten people in Britain would be migrants. At the last count in 2005, the foreign-born made up 9.7% of the British population.
            

By historical standards, that is high but consistent with that in other rich economies. In America the proportion is now about 13%, not far off the 15% peak reached shortly before World War I. What is particularly striking in Europe is that countries which had hitherto known only emigration, e.g. Ireland or Greece, now have an influx typical of countries like Australia and the U.S.
            

This special report argues that both emigration and immigration countries, as well as the migrants themselves, have been coping remarkably well with this new force reshaping our world. Yet ominous signs are emerging of a shrill backlash against immigration on both sides of the Atlantic.
            

Politicians may tinker with migration policies. They will certainly, under public pressure, pump extra resources and energy into building more fences and walls to keep foreigners out. By linking immigration to terrorism, they may even make their societies more fiercely policed. The basic forces driving migration, though, are unlikely to ebb.
            

Migrants move mainly for economic reasons. Most appear to do so legally. The number of illegal migrants is by definition hard to ascertain, but likely to be smaller than the legal sort. They probably comprise the bulk of those seen floating on rafts in the Mediterranean or scrabbling over the fence from Mexico to America. Others do not risk the high seas or physical borders, entering instead under some other guise, perhaps as tourists, and then staying on.
            

Lastly, there are refugees and asylum-seekers, strictly defined as those escaping persecution but often including anybody forced to flee, for example from a war. According to the UN's refugee agency, at the close of 2006 some 10m people fell under this category.
           

The number of migrants worldwide has been reckoned at 200m. That sounds a lot, but actually adds up to only 3% of the world's population, so there is ample potential for growth. Migration has proved a successful ploy for the world's poor to improve their lot. Nor is it the very poorest who travel, for money is required to travel overseas.
            

In the 100 years to 1920, brighter prospects encouraged some 60m Europeans to uproot and move to the New World. A European crossing the Atlantic could expect to double his income. Today the incentives are even more enticing. Those moving from a poor country to a rich one can expect to see their income rise fivefold. As long as such differentials persist, the draw will continue.
            

Demography too plays a big part. Not every migrant is bound for America or Europe: two in every five head for another poor or middle-income destination. Those aiming for the richest parts of the world, however, do their inhabitants a favour. Without them, the greying and increasingly choosy populations across the rich world would already be on the decline. That is paramount for their fast-changing economies, which consistently demand either highly skilled workers or those willing to do unpleasant and tiring jobs.

One reason why much of the world has enjoyed a sustained economic boom with low inflation in the past decade is that the effective global workforce is expanding apace. The IMF estimates it has quadrupled since 1980. In all likelihood it will continue to grow, though at a slower rate, with a 40% increase in the world's working-age population forecast by 2050. According to the UN, the global stock of migrants has more than doubled in four decades. Not enough young natives have the skills or motivation, so the rich must hope outsiders will keep coming.

            

And they will. Luckily for Europe and America, there are huge pools of workers eager to jump on the next plane, train or leaking raft to work abroad. This can prove beneficial for their countries of origin as well.
            

If exporting brawn generally makes sense for a poor country, letting its better brains drain away may not. Most poor and middle-income countries grapple with chronic shortages of skilled labour. Professionals in demand abroad are the hardest to keep at home. In fact, if the lure is strong enough, it is virtually impossible to block the exit of the highly skilled.
           

Rich countries are taking in more highly skilled migrants than ever before. Yet emigration of skilled workers may be a consequence rather than a cause of problems in the sending country. For example, nurses may be emigrating because their salaries are not being paid or because hospitals are crumbling; entrepreneurs may be relocating because the local business climate is wretched. Halting emigration - even if that were feasible - would not solve these problems. Nurses might still quit their jobs, would-be entrepreneurs might sit on their hands.
            

Indeed, some argue that emigration can actually enhance the stock of brainpower. Migrants spend longer studying, pick up more skills and experience, and may then return home. Remittances are often used to fund schooling. Moreover, the prospect of emigration and prosperity abroad may induce others to get an education. All this suggests that the consequences of emigration, albeit not negligible, are tricky to measure. Governments should thus endeavour to tackle the factors pushing their skilled professionals out. If émigrés can be enticed back home, even for short spells, so much the better.
            

Unfettered movement of capital and goods has made the world a far richer place while greater human mobility has not only created wealth but also helped share it out more evenly. The billions in remittances repatriated each year eloquently testify to that. The cost of keeping people out would be steep.
            

Nasty surprises are constantly sprung on us. Wars can suddenly displace millions, who may start out as refugees but frequently end up as migrants. Some claim that climate change may forcibly relocate tens of millions of people in the space of decades. Misguided policies, a backlash over terrorism or a failure to integrate migrants could all pose serious problems. Nonetheless, 40 years on, it seems clear that Mr Powell was utterly amiss in everything save his sums.

➽ RESUMO EM INGLÊS:      

As Conservative politician Enoch Powell once predicted, migrants constitute nowadays one tenth of the entire British population, a rate comparable to that of other developed societies. Contrary to his expectations, however, violence has not ensued. Instead, migration has brought positive overall results to the persons and countries involved, including those formerly used to emigration which are now in the receiving end, such as Greece and Ireland.
            

While governments may adopt harsh migration policies, the phenomenon is too vigorous to be stopped. Migrants are mostly legal, though clandestine flows exist. They constitute roughly 200 million people, 10 million of whom are refugees or asylum-seekers.
            

Income inequalty and demographic growth are key factors. Migrants may earn five times as much when abroad; around 60% of them head to wealthy countries, thus helping overcome the trends towards populational decrease in these parts. This could be a problem for developing nations, but may turn out to be a blessing instead, since successful migrants may return home or repatriate their earnings.
            

It would be unwise to curtail migration, as it fosters global prosperity. Nevertheless, since unexpected tragedies may occur, it is crucial to promote sound integration measures. 

4 - COMPOSITION:

Taking into account the points made below, discuss the main issues involved in the contemporary political debate on migration.
[Length: 350-450 words]

[value: 50 marks]

At the beginning of the 21st century, migration continues to loom large as a subject of media interest, of community preoccupation and of political controversy. Nevertheless, the discourse has evolved significantly in recent years, both in terms of substance and tone, and is now conducted with noticeably less acrimony than before and with much reduced levels of distrust between developed and developing countries. For instance, at [several recent high-level international conferences] participants were, in general, disposed to agree that migration holds considerable potential for economic and social development. At the same time, however, it was apparent that there is much more to be done before agreement can be reached on appropriate management strategies to be put in place, both nationally and on the international level, for that promise to be realized. The task of formulating a workable global approach to the management of international migration remains a formidable challenge, and one that will require both time and

effort over the coming years.

An extract from the Introduction to World Migration 2008: managing labour mobility in the evolving global economy. Geneva: International Organization for Migration, 2008, p. 1.

➽ REDAÇÃO EM INGLÊS:

Due to the persistent gap between industrialized and underdeveloped countries, migration remains a vital issue in contemporary world politics. As humanity evolves towards a near-consensus on the inevitability of this phenomenon and its potential to generate global progress, the topic gradually becomes less controversial. Notwithstanding this trend, numerous disagreements regarding migration policy still exist. The debate concerns three complex subjects above all others: the economic consequences of human mobility, the risks involved in terms of trafficking and terrorism, and the impact of migration upon national cultures and identities.
            

The economic side of migration, if examined through the lenses of sheer and cold rationality, would seen to be utterly simple: while some countries have a diminishing workforce, others can barely feed their ever-expanding population, so it would be logical to encourage human flows from the latter group of nations to the former. Unsurprisingly, the issue is not that straightforward. Not all developing states are willing to cede their best and brightest citizens, as they fear the impact of an unequal flux of skilled workers, the so-called brain drain. Conversely, some industrial countries do not feel they can accommodate every potential migrant. Hence, limits and quotas are often established.
            

Secondly, the security threats possibly linked to the increasing migration flows are manifold. As the United States painfully learned on September 11th, 2001, not all foreigners legally settled are harmless. Beyond terrorism, other risks may be ushered by the uncontrolled movement of humans, namely drug trafficking and the clandestine trade of arms and other goods. Even diseases, such as the swine flu from Mexico, can be transmitted freely through migration.
            

Last but not least, it is evident that the cultural features of some countries, such as their language, religion and habits, will be partially under pressure if and when large inflows of migrants arrive. This is a delicate issue in Europe, where it often leads to prejudice and even xenophobia. Two opposite sets of policies claim to offer the best solution in this sense: the British usually allow foreigners to gather and form their own separate communities, whereas the French prefer to assimilate all migrants by imposing the so-called “Republican values” upon them.
           

Whether we study it from the economic perspective, the security angle, or the cultural point of view, migration continues to raise concerns and generate opportunities. One thing is clear, though: no country or society will be able to design and implement sound migration policies without paying the utmost attention to the quintessential human values of tolerance, respect, and cooperation.