FGV-SP-ECONOMIA-2007-1º SEMESTRE-Vestibular da Fundação Getúlio Vargas-Prof° Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e Questões Comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova INGLÊS-FGV-SP-Fundação Getúlio Vargas-ECONOMIA-SP-VESTIBULAR-2007-1º SEMESTRE. Prova aplicada em 02/12/2006.

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A prova de inglês tem 15 questões do tipo múltipla escolha(A,B,C,D,E).
LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais,revistas, websites, dicionários a seguir, é um excelente treino para a provas de inglês da FGV-ECONOMIA.
➦www.economist.com
➦www.prospectmagazine.co.uk
➦www.naturalhistorymag.com
➦www.lrb.co.uk
➦Chambers Dictionary World History
➦http://time.com
➦www.nytimes.com
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[a]Banca/Organizador 

https://vestibular.fgv.br/

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦ A prova de Inglês é composta por 15 questões.
➦ Foco: 
•Compreensão Textual de eventos atuais de relevância mundial.
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[c] FONTES TEXTUAIS presentes nas provas da FGV-ECONOMIA :
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➦Revista Britânica: THE ECONOMIST.

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➦Revista Britânica: PROSPECT.

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➦Revista Norte-Americana: NATURAL HISTORY.

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➦Jornal Norte-Americano: INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE.

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➦Periódico britânico: LONDON REVIEW OF BOOKS -www.lrb.co.uk.

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➦Dicionário da História Mundial: CHAMBERS DICTIONARY OF WORLD HISTORY.

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➦Jornal norte-americana: THE NEW YORK TIMES, www.nytimes.com.

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[c] DICTIONARY 

Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os excelentes dicionários a seguir:
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/dicionario/ingles/grotesque
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/

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🔄 VERBS :
➽[ ➝ ]
•[
🔄 PHRASAL VERBS:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
➽[ ➝ ]   
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões VERBAIS EM GERAL:
➽[ ➝ ] 
🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso :
➽[ ➝ ] 

🔄Expressões comuns :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões/Vocábulos técnicos :
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=indica posse):
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
➽[ ➝ ]
🔄Questions:
➽[ ➝ ]

🔄Falso cognato:

➽[ ➝ ]
* → .
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Agora, vamos à prova.
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As questões de números 76 a 81 referem-se ao TEXTO 1.
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TEXTO 1

Shining, golden 'BRICs'

September 06, 2006

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1
Jim O’Neill, head of global economic research at Goldman Sachs forecasted in a report in 2001 that the GDP of China, Russia, India, and Brazil would be 50 percent that of the combined GDP of the US, Japan, Germany, France, Italy and Britain by the year 2025, and would surpass them before 2050. O’Neill created a new word – BRIC – with the first letter of the English names of the four countries. BRICs became a popular term all over the world. Recently, O’Neill said that China would become an economic power, surpassing the United States by 2035 based on the current speed of economic growth. The economic power and influence of BRICs is growing.
2
O’Neill’s forecast is logical. The uprising of BRICs is changing the structure of the world and driving the global economy. In the past, the world’s economy was dominated by North America, the European Union and Japan. The combined GDP of BRICs in 2005 reached 4.6 trillion dollars, the total GDP of Japan. BRICs are beginning to dominate the world’s economy.
3
China is said to be the most prominent of the four countries. China has maintained an average economic growth rate of over 9.6 percent per year in the past 30 years. China’s GDP has increased to 2.23 trillion dollars in 2005, which is half that of the four countries. The economic growth rates of India, Russia and Brazil all surpass western countries and are above average in the world. If the economy of the golden bricks of the four countries continues to grow at the current speed, O’Neill’s prediction will come true in the near future.
4
The rise of BRICs is also changing the world order. This is happening not only because of BRICs’ robust economic growth but also because of its role as an initiator and motivator of the new, international order. The four countries advocate the democratization of international relations, oppose hegemony and call for respect for global diversification. As developing nations, they have had the opportunity to learn from others and offset their own weaknesses.
5
Members of BRICs are earnestly practicing the style of international relations they have advocated, setting an example of friendly cooperation between different cultures. China and Russia, China and India, China and Brazil as well as Russia and India have all established strategic partnerships. Russia is rich in energy and mineral resources, and Brazil has natural and alternative energy technology. Both China and India are manufacturing giants, and the relationship between Russia and India will doubtlessly be complementary economically. The cooperation between the four countries in the fields of economics, sci-tech and culture will not only benefit their people, but also build a harmonious international society.
(http://english.people.com.cn/200609/06/eng20060906_300197.html. Adaptado)
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👉 Questão  76 :
The BRIC countries
a) are an economic alliance established in 2001 in order to support underdeveloped countries.
b) are members of a bloc created by Jim O’Neill in a GS summit.
c) are meant to oppose developed countries such as US, Japan, and some European nations.
d) have been demonstrating an increasing economic importance in the world.
e) will surpass the United States by 2035 and become economic powers.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The economic power and influence of BRICs is growing."
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👉 Questão  77 :
A Jim O’Neill’s forecasts
a) can become real if the GDP of BRIC’s continues to grow at present rate.
b) are considered logical but they depend on too many variables that are yet to be proven.
c) concentrate on China because its GDP has been growing steadily for the last 30 years.
d) were dismissed by the European Union, North America and Japan as a futuristic dream.
e) are based on careful analysis performed by Goldman and Sachs for the next 35 years.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] If the economy of the golden bricks of the four countries continues to grow at the current speed, O’Neill’s prediction will come true in the near future.”
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👉 Questão  78 :
According to the text, the BRIC’s
a) challenged the United Nations to accept the developing countries claims in terms of international trade and security.
b) are leading the G20, a group of developing nations, as a way to dominate global economy, now led by the G8, a group of wealthy nations.
c) established an hegemonic alliance that threatens current world order guided by the European Union and the US.
d) will consolidate their economic power only if they manage to offset their weaknesses by 2025.
e) are changing international order, especially by supporting the democratization of international relations among other issues.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The rise of BRICs is also changing the world order.”
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👉 Questão  79 :
According to the text, Brazil
a) has displayed the lowest GDP of the four BRIC countries.
b) established a complementary manufacturing relationship with other giants like China and India.
c) has developed both alternative and natural energy technology.
d) may consolidate a friendly export cooperation with Russia and India in the short run.
e) is the fastest developing nation of western countries, together with India and Russia.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Russia is rich in energy and mineral resources, and Brazil has natural and alternative energy technology.”
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👉 Questão  80 :
The BRIC countries are against
a) global diversification.
b) hegemony.
c) international relations.
d) strategic partnerships.
e) new world order.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The four countries advocate the democratization of international relations, oppose hegemony and call for respect for global diversification.”
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👉 Questão  81 :
In the last sentence of the text — The cooperation between the four countries in the fields of economics, scitech and culture will not only benefit their people, but also build a harmonious international society. — the expressions not only …but also express
a) a contrast.
b) an alternative.
c) a substitution.
d) a comparison.
e) an addition.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] A cooperação entre os quatro países na área de economia, sci-tech e cultura irá não somente beneficiar seus cidadãos, mas também construir uma Sociedade Internacional Harmoniosa – a expressão "not only ... but also" significa adição.

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Leia o TEXTO 2 e responda às questões de números 82 a 85.
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TEXTO 2

Brazil and UK to develop ethanol project in Africa

Sep 5, 2006

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1

BRASILIA, Brazil (Reuters) – Brazil, the world’s largest ethanol exporter, and Britain want to develop the production of ethanol from sugar cane in southern Africa, officials from both governments said on Tuesday. The move is intended to diversify cheap ethanol production globally to meet fast-growing international demand. Many potential consumers are hesitant to increase their ethanol consumption because Brazil is the only large global supplier. “The product needs to become (more) available to consumers,” Brazilian Industry and Trade Minister Luiz Furlan told a news conference. “The commitment of both countries is to develop other (ethanol) supplier countries.”
2
Brazil and the United Kingdom are tackling “one of the biggest threats in the world today – climate change,” UK Secretary of State for Trade and Industry Alistair Darling told the news conference. Darling said many countries wanting to reduce carbon-based fuels could learn from Brazil. “I can now confront any car manufacturer in Europe who tells me that people won’t buy cars powered by ethanol,” he said after test-driving a “flex-fuel” car, which operates on ethanol or gasoline. The flex-fuel technology was developed in Brazil and now accounts for about 75 percent of all new car sales.
3
Strong international demand for ethanol has increased prices sharply, after several countries in Europe and Asia made a minimum consumption of biofuels obligatory. In Brazil, ethanol accounts for about 40 percent of all motorists’ non-diesel fuel consumption.
4
A UK-Brazil task force is to present a business proposal within 90 days to produce cane-derived ethanol in southern Africa, Furlan said. A feasibility study commissioned by the UK and Brazil had already identified several countries, particularly South Africa and Mozambique, where sugar cane production was commercially viable, a Darling aide said.
5
Brazilian agronomists visited South Africa in recent weeks and found no “technical impediments,” Furlan said. Brazilians were working to “re-adapt” and increase the productivity of 11 varieties of sugar cane originally from South Africa.

(http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=science News&storyID=2006- 09- 05T204957Z_01_N05203089_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-ENERGY-BRAZIL-ETHANOL-DC.XML)

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👉 Questão  82 :
One of the reasons why Brazil and Britain wish to develop ethanol production in southern Africa is that a) Brazil is the largest global producer of all crops that can be used for biofuels.
b) African countries want to reduce carbon-based emissions to preserve their natural resources.
c) there is an increasing ethanol demand and consumers don’t want to rely on just one big supplier. d) Brazil wishes to export flex-fuel vehicles to Britain and consumers want fuel to be cheaper.
e) climate changes may affect sugar cane production in Africa and cause ethanol shortages.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Many potential consumers are hesitant to increase their ethanol consumption because Brazil is the only large global supplier.”
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👉 Questão  83 :
One of the reasons for the increase of international demand for ethanol is that
a) there is a compulsory minimum biofuel consumption in some European and Asian countries.
b) biofuels might become more expensive if climate changes take place in Brazil.
c) Southern Africa will re-adapt Brazilian flex-fuel technology for vehicles.
d) Brazil is leading a carbon-based fuel reduction in order to eliminate air pollution.
e) European car manufacturers are surprised that 75 percent of new car sales are flex-fuel.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Strong international demand for ethanol has increased prices sharply, after several countries in Europe and Asia made a minimum consumption of biofuels obligatory.”
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👉 Questão  84 :
In the sentence of the first paragraph – …diversify cheap ethanol production globally to meet fast-growing international demand. – the word to can be substituted, without changing the meaning, for
a) rather than.
b) because of.
c) such as.
d) in order to.
e) instead of.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] diversificar a produção barata de etanol globalmente para suprir a demanda internacional que cresce rapidamente"
➦ TO pode ser substituída, sem mudança de significado, por “in order to”.
• to = in order to ⇒ para, com a finalidade de .
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👉 Questão  85 :
According to the text:
a) There are some technical problems in the adaptation of sugar cane varieties in Brazil and South Africa.
b) Some car manufacturers are reluctant to produce flex cars because they believe there is a consumer resistance.
c) Ethanol produced in Brazil is cheaper than the one produced in Asia because consumption has increased a lot there.
d) Brazil will lose market if other countries develop biofuels on their own.
e) Flex technology is accepted by 40 percent drivers in Brazil because ethanol is cheaper.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] I can now confront any car manufacturer in Europe who tells me that people won’t buy cars powered by ethanol,” he said after test-driving a “flex-fuel” car, which operates on ethanol or gasoline."

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Leia o TEXTO 3 e responda às questões de números 86 a 90.
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TEXTO 3

Fiscal Fitness Feeds Brazil’s Boom

Carl Delfeld, Chartwell Advisor 03.02.06

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1

Brazil’s booming stock market has caught foreign investors’ attention, but a question still lurks in the background like an uninvited guest: Is this just another up-leg in the typical boom-and-bust cycle that has come to characterize Latin American markets?
2
For the answer, take a look at Brazil’s improving balance sheet. While America piles on the debt, Brazil is going the other way. It decided last December to pay off its remaining $15.5 billion debt to the International Monetary Fund (that must be a relief!) and announced just last week that it will retire all of its remaining $6.6 billion worth of Brady bonds issued during the early 1990s financial crisis.
3
Where is the money coming from? Brazil recorded significant trade surpluses in 2004 and 2005, with exports for the last 12 months hitting a record $120 billion. Exports of oil, soybeans, copper, steel, autos, sugar and coffee are surging, even in the face of a strengthening currency. The Brazilian real is up 52% against the U.S. dollar since May 2004 and was up 22% during 2005. Brazil is almost energy independent and foreign exchange reserves now total $58 billion, even after paying off the nettlesome IMF debt.
4
Behind all these positive numbers are substantial reforms begun by President Cardoso and continued by Luiz Inacio “Lula” da Silva. Payroll taxes and corporate taxes have been cut, the tax system simplified, and last week, Brazil announced that it would eliminate the income tax for foreigners who purchase public debt. Brazil’s strong currency will likely also lead to a loosening of foreign exchange restrictions.
5
A cynical friend of mine often comments that successful political leaders need to ignore their strongest supporters if they are to achieve real reform. If so, Lula is a good example, since most expected him to reverse market reforms after taking power in 2002.

(www.forbes.com. Adaptado)

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👉 Questão  86 :
According to the text,
a) stock market in Brazil is going up and down too quickly.
b) Brazil is following the Latin American stock market trend.
c) Brazil has not recovered from the 90s financial crisis yet.
d) Brazil will qualify for a $6.6 billion loan worth of Brady bonds.
e) Brazil is paying the debts while America is going the other way.
Resolução De acordo com o texto, o Brasil está pagando suas dívidas, enquanto os Estados Unidos estão indo na contramão. No texto: “While America piles on the debt, Brazil is going the other way.”
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:

"[...] While America piles on the debt, Brazil is going the other way."
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👉 Questão  87 :
The quotation from the first paragraph – but a question still lurks in the background like an uninvited guest:…– indicates
a) uncertainty.
b) excitement.
c) good luck.
d) solution.
e) frustration.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦ A citação do primeiro parágrafo – mas uma questão ainda está à espreita em segundo plano como um convidado indesejado – indica incerteza.
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👉 Questão  88 :
In the sentence from the fourth paragraph of the text – Brazil’s strong currency will likely also lead to a loosening of foreign exchange restrictions. – the word likely indicates a
a) comparison.
b) conclusion.
c) probability.
d) preference.
e) certainty.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦ A forte moeda brasileira provavelmente também levará ao enfraquecimento das restrições de câmbio estrangeiro – a palavra “likely” indica uma probabilidade.
• likely = provável, provavelmente
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👉 Questão  89 :
One of the answers to the question posed in the third paragraph – Where is the money coming from? – is a) reforms made by Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
b) income tax reduction.
c) strong currency in dollars.
d) booming exports.
e) IMF loans to pay debts.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:


"[...] Where is the money coming from? Brazil recorded significant trade surpluses in 2004 and 2005, with exports for the last 12 months hitting a record $120 billion. Exports of oil, soybeans, copper, steel, autos, sugar and coffee are surging, even in the face of a strengthening currency."
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👉 Questão  90 :
In the last paragraph, Lula is a good example of
a) the real currency reform.
b) ignoring his strongest supporters.
c) reversing market reforms.
d) doing what most expect.
e) having cynical friends.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
No último parágrafo, Lula é um bom exemplo de
a) a reforma da moeda real.
b) ignorar seus mais fortes apoiadores.
c) reverter as reformas do mercado.
d) fazer o que mais espera.

e) ter amigos cínicos.
➦No texto:

"[...] A cynical friend of mine often comments that successful political leaders need to ignore their strongest supporters if they are to achieve real reform. If so, Lula is a good example, since most expected him to reverse market reforms after taking power in 2002."