FURB/2015 – ASSISTENTE ADMNISTRATIVO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – FUNDAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE REGIONAL DE BLUMENAU – PROVA COM GABARITO.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• FURB/2015-ASSISTENTE ADMNISTRATIVO.

www.furb.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 5 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Texto (1) – | Three-parent baby | http://en.wikipedia.org |

❑ TEXTO 1: For the questions 16 to 20, you should read the text below carefully and choose the best alternative:

Three-parent baby

(Adapted from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-parent_baby

Three-parent babies are human offspring with three genetic parents, created through a specialized form of In vitro fertilization in which the future baby's mitochondrial DNA comes from a third party. The procedure is intended to prevent mitochondrial diseases including Diabetes mellitus and deafness and some heart and liver conditions. It is the subject of considerable controversy in the field of bioethics. The procedure is not currently approved for general use in any country. However, in the United Kingdom, a draft law was debated and approved in February 2015.

Alana Saarinen (born 2000) is a girl from the US conceived through an infertility treatment known as cytoplasmic transfer and has DNA from three biological parents. She is the daughter of Sharon and Paul Saarinen, and a third donor. (However, the first person born using cytoplasmic transfer was Emma Ott of Pennsylvania in 1997.)

Before Alana's birth, her parents had gone through four attempts to have a baby through numerous IVF procedures without success. The fifth attempt using cytoplasmic transfer succeeded. The treatment involved the transfer of a third donor's cytoplasm, containing healthy mitochondria, to Sharon Saarinen's egg with unhealthy mitochondria. The egg was then fertilized with Paul Saarinen's sperm. During the process of transferring DNA, some DNA from the donor was in the embryo. Ninety-nine percent of Alana's genetic material is from her parents, and her one percent is from the third donor. 

According to her mother, Alana is healthy and has a fairly normal life as a teenager such as playing golf and the piano, listening to music and hanging out with friends. Despite the success of Alana's case, cytoplasmic transfer technique was banned by the US Food and Drug Administration (in 2001) due to safety and ethical concerns. As the result of the pioneering infertility treatment, several research teams in the United Kingdom are currently requesting a regulatory approval for a similar technique called mitochondrial replacement. The technique would use a donor's healthy mitochondria to treat women at risk of passing on mitochondrial diseases to their children.

Availability

The process, still in the research stage, is currently not approved as safe and effective in the United States. China prohibited it after a woman tried to undergo the procedure. Some research is also taking place in the United States. The United Kingdom became the first country to legalize the procedure in February 2015 although the procedure still needs further research before it becomes available.

Technique

The process of producing a three-parent baby, Three Parent In Vitro Fertilization (TPIVF), involves taking the nucleus of one egg and inserting it into the cytoplasm of another egg which has had its nucleus removed, but still contains mitochondrial DNA, and then fertilizing the hybrid egg with a sperm. The purpose of the procedure is to remove a nucleus from a cell with defective mitochondria and place it in a donor cell with healthy mitochondria, which after fertilization will contain a nucleus with genetic material from only the two parents.There is more than one method of TPIVF. The two main methods are pronuclear transfer and spindle transfer; Spindle transfer is a process where the spindle of chromosomes taken from the mother’s egg are placed into the donor egg and pronuclear transfer is the process described at the beginning of this paragraph.

Although the donor egg is said to contribute only 0.1% to the genetic make up of the child, when examining the genetic material of these children there are still three identifiable genetic parents. This is due to the fact that the donor egg usually comes from a non-maternal relative. For a child having undergone this procedure to have only two identifiable genetic parents, the donor egg must have come from a non-maternal relative (this is because mitochondrial DNA mtDNA is inherited maternally; thus maternal relatives will have identical mitochondrial DNA, barring random mutations). Maternal relative egg donation is not commonly used, because if the female egg has a mitochondrial disease then it is highly likely that the maternal relatives inherited the disease as well.

Ethics

Despite the promising outcomes of the two techniques, pronuclear transfer and spindle transfer, mitochondrial gene replacement raises ethical and social concerns. According to Darnovsky, an executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society, the technique procedures would involve modification of the germline, and modifications would pass on to subsequent generations. Using Human embryos in vitro research are controversial because embryos are created specifically for research and the financial compensation of egg donors. Implications for identity is another ethical concern that has psychological and emotional impacts on a child's life regarding of a person's sense of identity. It debates whether the genetic make-up of children born as a result of mitochondrial replacement affect their emotional well-being when they are aware that they are different from other healthy children conceived from two parents. Safety and efficacy of mitochondrial DNA replacement are still unanswered. 

New York University researcher James Grifo, a critic of the American ban, has argued that society "would never have made the advances in treating infertility that we have if these bans had been imposed 10 years" earlier.

Opponents argue that scientists are "playing God" and that children with three genetic parents may suffer both psychological and physical damage. These critics include Alison Cook of Great Britain's Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, who argues that bans were "written to protect the welfare of the embryo and the child.

16 – (FURB/2015-ASSISTENTE ADMNISTRATIVO)

The technique that best describes the process of fertilization discussed in the text is:

(A) Two parent in vitro fertilization.
(B) In vitro fertilization.
(C) Out of vitro fertilization.
(D) Three parent in vitro fertilization.
(E) Hybrid egg fertilization.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

A técnica que melhor descreve o processo de fertilização discutido no texto é:

(A) Two parent in vitro fertilization.

Fertilização in vitro de dois progenitores.
(B) In vitro fertilization.

fertilização in vitro.
(C) Out of vitro fertilization.

Fertilização fora de vitro.
(D) Three parent in vitro fertilization.

Fertilização in vitro com três progenitores.
(E) Hybrid egg fertilization.

Fertilização híbrida de ovos.

17 – (FURB/2015-ASSISTENTE ADMNISTRATIVO)

Choose the alternative that best describes the ethical and social concerns related to the three-parent fertilization process:

(A) psychological and emotional impacts.
(B) safety procedures, research and financial compensation of egg donors, and psychological and emotional impacts.
(C) research and financial compensation of egg donors.
(D) safety procedures.
(E) the physical growing – up process of the child.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Escolha a alternativa que melhor descreve as preocupações éticas e sociais relacionadas ao processo de fertilização com três progenitores:

(A) psychological and emotional impacts.

 impactos psicológicos e emocionais.
(B) safety procedures, research and financial compensation of egg donors, and psychological and emotional impacts.

procedimentos de segurança, pesquisa e compensação financeira de doadores de ovos e impactos psicológicos e emocionais.
(C) research and financial compensation of egg donors.

pesquisa e compensação financeira de doadores de óvulos.
(D) safety procedures.

procedimentos de segurança.
(E) the physical growing-up process of the child.

o processo de crescimento físico da criança.

18 – (FURB/2015-ASSISTENTE ADMNISTRATIVO)

When the American girl Alana Saarinen was born the infertility treatment used by her parents was a method:

(A) totally acceptable and legalized.
(B) partially acceptable and legalized.
(C) accepted by her parents, but not accepted by her donor and illegal.
(D) accepted by her mother's doctor and partially legalized.
(E) accepted by her parents, but illegal.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    X  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Quando a garota americana Alana Saarinen nasceu, o tratamento de infertilidade usado por seus pais era um método:

(A) totally acceptable and legalized.

totalmente aceitável e legalizado.
(B) partially acceptable and legalized.

parcialmente aceitável e legalizado.
(C) accepted by her parents, but not accepted by her donor and illegal.

aceito pelos pais, mas não aceito pelo doador e ilegal.
(D) accepted by her mother's doctor and partially legalized.

aceito pelo médico da mãe e parcialmente legalizado.
(E) accepted by her parents, but illegal.

aceito pelos pais, mas ilegal.

19 – (FURB/2015-ASSISTENTE ADMNISTRATIVO)

The in vitro fertilization technique described in the text and adopted by Alana´s parents can be explained in the following way:

(A) The doctor takes the nucleus of one egg and inserts it into the cytoplasm of another egg which has had its nucleus removed and doesn't contain mitochondrial DNA.
(B) removing the nucleus of a cell with defective mitochondria and placing it in a donor cell with unhealthy mitochondria, which after fertilization will contain a nucleus with genetic material from only the two parents.
(C) removing the nucleus of a cell with defective mitochondria and placing it in a donor cell with unhealthy mitochondria, which after fertilization will contain a nucleus with three-parent genetic material.

(D) the doctor removes the nucleus of one egg, takes another nucleus and puts it into the cytoplasm of the egg, which still contains mitochondrial DNA. Then he fertilizes the hybrid egg with a sperm.
(E) Spindle transfer is a process where the spindle of chromosomes taken from the mother’s egg are placed into the donor egg.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

A técnica de fertilização in vitro descrita no texto e adotada pelos pais de Alana pode ser explicada da seguinte maneira:

(A) The doctor takes the nucleus of one egg and inserts it into the cytoplasm of another egg which has had its nucleus removed and doesn't contain mitochondrial DNA.

O médico pega o núcleo de um óvulo e o insere no citoplasma de outro óvulo que teve seu núcleo removido e não contém DNA mitocondrial.
(B) removing the nucleus of a cell with defective mitochondria and placing it in a donor cell with unhealthy mitochondria, which after fertilization will contain a nucleus with genetic material from only the two parents.

remover o núcleo de uma célula com mitocôndrias defeituosas e colocá-lo em uma célula doadora com mitocôndrias prejudiciais, que após a fertilização conterão um núcleo com material genético apenas dos dois pais.
(C) removing the nucleus of a cell with defective mitochondria and placing it in a donor cell with unhealthy mitochondria, which after fertilization will contain a nucleus with three-parent genetic material.

remover o núcleo de uma célula com mitocôndrias defeituosas e colocá-lo em uma célula doadora com mitocôndrias prejudiciais, que após a fertilização conterão um núcleo com material genético de três progenitores.

(D) the doctor removes the nucleus of one egg, takes another nucleus and puts it into the cytoplasm of the egg, which still contains mitochondrial DNA. Then he fertilizes the hybrid egg with a sperm.

o médico remove o núcleo de um ovo, pega outro núcleo e o coloca no citoplasma do ovo, que ainda contém DNA mitocondrial. Então ele fertiliza o óvulo híbrido com um esperma.
(E) Spindle transfer is a process where the spindle of chromosomes taken from the mother’s egg are placed into the donor egg.

A transferência do eixo é um processo em que o eixo dos cromossomos retirados do ovo da mãe é colocado no ovo doador.

20 – (FURB/2015-ASSISTENTE ADMNISTRATIVO)

According to researchers that are in favor of the kinds of treatments described in the text:

(A) it's important to “play God” and create babies with three genetic parents.
(B) the society would never advance in the infertility treatment if all the ethical and social barriers had been imposed before.
(C) it's unaccepted to “play God” and create babies with three genetic parents.
(D) children that are a result of a two-parent fertilization process can suffer psychological and physical damage.
(E) the efficacy of mitochondrial DNA replacement is a process totally safe and completely acceptable.

 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

Segundo os pesquisadores que são a favor dos tipos de tratamentos descritos no texto:

(A) it's important to “play God” and create babies with three genetic parents.

é importante “brincar de Deus” e criar bebês com três pais genéticos.
(B) the society would never advance in the infertility treatment if all the ethical and social barriers had been imposed before.

a sociedade nunca avançaria no tratamento da infertilidade se todas as barreiras éticas e sociais tivessem sido impostas antes.
(C) it's unaccepted to “play God” and create babies with three genetic parents.

é inaceitável “brincar de Deus” e criar bebês com três pais genéticos.
(D) children that are a result of a two-parent fertilization process can suffer psychological and physical damage.

as crianças resultantes de um processo de fertilização com dois pais podem sofrer danos físicos e psicológicos.
(E) the efficacy of mitochondrial DNA replacement is a process totally safe and completely acceptable.

a eficácia da substituição do DNA mitocondrial é um processo totalmente seguro e completamente aceitável.