Postagens
In this post, I'll show you an overview of all 12 verb tenses in English.
- Well, so there are 12 different verb tenses that we're talking about today.
- There are FOUR ASPECTS:
• Simple(It is used to describe facts and habits.)
• Progressive(It expresses ongoing actions.)
• Perfect(expresses completed actions.)
• Perfect progressive(It expresses the end of an ongoing action.)
- Progressive, continuous they mean the same thing.
in which you were talking about.
- Okay, uhmm, the three main tenses are the Past, the Present and the Future.
- So when we multiply four times three we get twelve, we get 12 different verb tenses.
1) Present Simple
2) Past Simple
3) Future Simple
4) Present Progressive
5) Past Progressive
6) Future Progressive
7) Present Perfect
8) Past Perfect
9) Future Perfect
10) Present Perfect Progressive
11) Past Perfect Progressive
12) Future Perfect Progressive
- So, we're going to talk about each and every one of these verb tenses.
- Okay, so here go!!!
1. PRESENT SIMPLE:
1/1. [base form] or [base form]+s.
1/2. A fact or a habitual activity:
• I usually play soccer.(Costumo jogar futebol.)
• Nobody stands up to her.(Ninguém a enfrenta.)
• I study English everyday!
1/3. Present activity(for stories):
• He looks at her and smiles.
1/4. Scheduled future activity:
• The bus arrives at 7 o'clock.
2. PAST SIMPLE:
• The Past Simple, it describes FINISHED ACTIONS(FênêstchÁkxêns) in the past, the action is complete, the action is finished.
• Again, in the past simple, you'll have those time expressions, those time words like YESTERDAY, LAST NIGHT(LésNái), LAST YEAR(LésDhiôr), A LONG TIME AGO.
01. She travelled to Italy(Êlôlí) a long time ago.
02. Hey man, what did you do yesterday?
03. I bought some wet wipes yesterday.(áibó-sãm-ué'uáips-iéstôrdêi)
04. Why didn't you call?(uáiDêdn-iúkól)
3. FUTURE SIMPLE:
• The Future Simple, it describes ACTIONS THAT WILL HAPPEN in the future.
01. What will you eat tommorow?(uôuêu-íuí-thumórôu)
02. It'll rain all this week.
03. The door won't open.
4. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE or PRESENT CONTINUOUS.(KõThíuniês)
4/1. [am, you, is] + [base form]+ING.
4/2. Ongoing activity RIGHT NOW, it refers to an ACTION THAT IS HAPPENING RIGHT NOW, it is not complete, it is happening now now now now:
• The phone is ringing.(O telefone está tocando.)
• Where are you sitting right now?(Onde você está sentado agora?)
• Where are you standing right now?(Onde você está agora?)
5. PAST PROGRESSIVE or PAST CONTINUOUS.
5/1. [am, you, is] + [base form]+ING.
5/2. Ongoing activity NOW:
• I usually play soccer.(Costumo jogar futebol.)
• Nobody stands up to her.(Ninguém a enfrenta.)
• I study English everyday!
1/3. Present activity(for stories):
• He looks at her and smiles.
1/4. Scheduled future activity:
• The bus arrives at 7 o'clock.
• The Present Continuous, we use it with the helping verb TO BE and the Main Verb and the ING. You see that ING on the of the main verb.
• It refers to an CONTINUOUS ACTIONS at a specific time in the past.
01. What were you doing yesterday at 6.00 pm.
02. Last week, were visiting(Vêzêrén) Slovenia.
03. When I started the lesson people were talking in the chat.
6. FUTURE PROGRESSIVE or FUTURE CONTINUOUS.
• It refers to an CONTINUOUS ACTIONS at a specific time in the future.
• By the end of the year, you'll be speaking fluently.
7. PRESENT PERFECT.
7/1. [has or have] + [Past Participle].
7/2. It refers activity in the past and continues to the present.
7/3. We can use it talk about something that started in the past and continues in the present. It doesn't matter when that fact started. For whoever is speaking at that moment, what matters is that it happened. If you mention when, then you cannot use the present perfect in the sentence.
• I've had a cold for two weeks.(Estou resfriado há duas semanas.)
7/4. We can use it to talk about a recent past, something that just happened.(remember: not to mention when)
- I've just turned the radio on.(Acabei de ligar o rádio.)
7/5. We can use it to talk about life experiences and achievements. (remember: not to mention when)
- Man has walked on the moon.(O homem caminhou na lua.)
7/6. There are TEN words and TWO expressions that give us clues that we can use the present perfect without fear.
• ALREADY, YET, BEFORE, ALWAYS, EVER, NEVER, JUST, RECENTLY, LATELY, SINCE, SO FAR and NOT YET.
- Yeah, I've already seen that movie.(Sim, eu já vi esse filme.)
- Yeah, the lesson has already begun.(Sim, a lição já começou.)
- Have you seen the film yet?(Você já viu o filme?)
- I've never seen that before.(áivNévarssin-Ná-bifó)(Eu nunca vi isso antes.)
- I've always tried to play the guitar!(Sempre tentei tocar violão!)
- Have you ever seen the rain?(você alguma vez na vida já viu a chuva?)
- I've never driven a bus.(Nunca dirigi ônibus.)
- Yeah, I've just sent the email.(Sim, acabei de enviar o e-mail.)
- I've just done the dishes.(Acabei de lavar a louça.)
- Yeah, she's been to London recently.(Sim, ela esteve em Londres recentemente.)
- Yeah, I've exercised at the gym lately.(Sim, tenho feito exercícios na academia ultimamente.)
- I've lived here since 2018.(Moro aqui desde 2018.)
- This hasn't happened since 1982.(Isso não acontecia desde 1982.)
- I've lived in England for 3 years.(Moro na Inglaterra há 3 anos.)
- I've known her for years.(Eu a conheço há anos.)
- He has not called so far.(Ele não ligou até agora.)
- The rain has not stopped yet.(A chuva ainda não parou.)
7/7. The Present Perfect is commonly used to talk about how much or how many:
- She has eaten three pieces of toast.
- She has been eating three pieces of toast.(ungrammatical)
- He has drunk 3 cups of coffee.
- He has been drinking 3 cups of coffee.(ungrammatical)
7/8. Stative verbs are verbs that are not used in continuous tenses. So can use the present perfect with stative verbs. Stative verbs don't refer to a phisical action, they express a state or a condition, for example, to be, to like, to love, to believe, to know, to undestand.
7/9. The present perfect focuses on the completion of the action, whereas the present perfect continuous focuses on the action itself.
(A1) She's seen a therapist.(her treatment has ended)
(A2) She's been seeing a therapist.(She continues to see the therapist)
(B1) I've prepared a big dinner, so you can come over.
(B2) I've been preparing a big dinner, so all my pans are dirty.
7/10. With the Present Perfect, we can use ALREADY.
- I've seen the film already! or I've already seen the film! (You can put ALREADY at the end or you can put between have or has and the participle.)
- I've seen already the film!(ungrammatical, a common mistake, we would understand you)
7/11. With the Present Perfect, we can use YET, it goes at the and of sentence.
- Have you seen the film yet?
- No, I haven't seen it yet.
- Have you yet seen the film?(it's very formal, it doesn't sound right at all, don't use that)
7/12. EXAMPLES:
01. With the verbs: to study, to live, to work.
- I've studied English since 2010.
- I've lived in England since 2010. I've lived in England for 3 years.
- She has worked for yours.
- She has worked here for 6 months.
02. With the verb to be:
- I've been here for a while.
- Where have you been?(ué-révíuBÉN)
03. With the verb to see:
- I've just seen her. I've just seen him.
- I've just seen her a second ago.(ungrammatical)
- I've just seen him a moment ago.(ungrammatical)
- She's seen a therapist.(her treatment has ended)
- She's been seeing a therapist.(She continues to see the therapist)
- I've never seen this movie before.
- Have you ever seen a ghost?
04. With the verb to do:
- Hmm...I wonder if the workers noticed I haven't done a thing all day!
8. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE.
1/1. Stative verbs are verbs that are not used in continuous tenses. So, we can not use the present perfect progressive with stative verbs. Stative verbs don't refer to a phisical action, they express a permanent state or a permanent condition, for example, to be, to like, to love, to hate, to believe, to know, to undestand, to see, to remember, to think.
1/2. The present perfect continuous focuses on the action itself, whereas the present perfect focuses on the completion of the action.
1/3.
1/3. REMEMBER:
• Positive Form = Subject + HAS/HAVE BEEN + Verb-ING. I've been working.
• Negative Form = Subject + HAS/HAVE not BEEN + Verb-ING. I've not been working.
• Question = HAS/HAVE + Subject + BEEN + Verb-ING? Have I been working?
1/4. EXAMPLES:
01. With the verbs: to study, to live, to work.
- I've been living in England for 3 years.
- She has been working for yours.(shows more emphasis)
- She has been working here for 6 months.(shows more emphasis)
9. PAST PERFECT.
1/1. We use past perfect when we want to talk about something that happened before some other event in the past, and the order of events can be by conjunctions like BEFORE, THEN,NEXT and LATER.
- I had finished the wine before he arrived. (This means that I had already finished the wine before he arrived. His arrival is in the past, and my finishing the wine is even further in the past.)
1/1. Common Regular Verbs in the Past Perfect Tense:
• had asked, had worked, had called, had used, had prepared.
1/2. Common Irregular Verbs in the Past Perfect Tense:
• had had, had done, had said, hade made, hade gone, had taken, had come.
REMEMBER: The formula for the past perfect tense is HAD + Past Participle. It doesn’t matter if the subject is singular or plural; the formula doesn’t change.
1/1. We can use Past Perfect to show something that happened before a specific point in the past.
- When Rachel arrived, the concert had started.(Quando Rachel chegou, o show havia começado.)
- I didn't have any money because my wallet has been stolen.(Eu não tinha dinheiro porque minha carteira foi roubada.)
1/2. We can use Past Perfect to show dissatisfaction with what has been done in the past:
- I wish I had eaten more of that delicious food.
- If only I had revised more, I would have done better on my exam.
1/3. We can use Past Perfect in the sentences in the 3rd conditional:
- If we had gone by car, we wouldn't have been late.(Se tivéssemos ido de carro, não teríamos nos atrasado.)
- If Peter had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.(Se Peter tivesse estudado mais, ele teria passado no exame.)
1/4. We can use Past Perfect in the sentences in the Reported Speech:
- They asked if we had seen that movie before.(Eles perguntaram se nós tínhamos visto aquele filme antes.)
- Rachel said she had already read that book.
1/5. We can use the present perfect with stative verbs. Stative verbs don't refer to a phisical action, they express a state or a condition, for example, to be, to like, to love, to believe, to know, to undestand.
• had been - had seen.
1/6. The present perfect focuses on the completion of the action, whereas the present perfect continuous focuses on the action itself.
(A1) She's seen a therapist.(her treatment has ended)
(A2) She's been seeing a therapist.(She continues to see the therapist)
(B1) I've prepared a big dinner, so you can come over.
(B2) I've been preparing a big dinner, so all my pans are dirty.
10. PAST PERFECT PREGRESSIVE.
1/1. The past perfect continuous tense is constructed using HAD BEEN + (base form + ING).
1/2. Common REGULAR VERBS in the Past Perfect Progressive:
• had been studying, had been living, had been working.
• had been talking, had been walking, had been playing.
• had been cleaning, had been preparing, had been saving, had been trying.
1/3. Common IRREGULAR VERBS in the Past Perfect Progressive:
• had been waiting, had been having, had been doing, had been saying, had been making, had been going, had been taking, had been coming.
• had been drinking, had been eating, had been spending.
• had been driving, had been running, had been swimming,
• had been throwing.
1/4. We can use Past Perfect Progressive to say that something was going on when another event happened.
- Rachel had been trying to open the door for 10 minutes when her husband found the key.(1st event: Rachel was trying to open the door. 2nd event: Her husband found the key.)
- I had been talking to him before I sent the email.(1st event: I was talking to him. 2nd event: I sent an email.)
1/5. We can use Past Perfect Progressive to show the cause of an action in the past:
- The street was wet because it had been raining.
- Katrina put on some weight because she had been overeating.
1/6. We can use Past Perfect Progressive in the Third conditional:
- If it hadn’t been raining, we would have gone out.(Se não estivesse chovendo, teríamos saído.)
1/7. We can use Past Perfect Progressive in the Reported Speech.
- They said they had been working.
- Rachel said she had been working hard all day.(Rachel disse que trabalhou duro o dia todo.)
1/8. Stative verbs are verbs that are not used in continuous tenses. So we can not use the past perfect progressive with stative verbs. Stative verbs don't refer to a phisical action, they express a state or a condition, for example, to be, to like, to love, to believe, to know, to undestand.
- I hadn’t been knowing that. (ungrammatical, it is not conforming to grammatical rules; not well formed.)
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