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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• UECE-2013.1-VESTIBULAR-1ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-02/12/12.
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❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 6 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 4 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | | www.nytimes.com |
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ FONTE DO TEXTO:
* The New York Times é um jornal diário estadunidense. A versão impressa do jornal tem a segunda maior circulação, atrás do The Wall Street Journal. Apelidado de "The Lady Gray", o New York Times há muito tempo tem sido considerado um "jornal de referência" nacional.
❑ TEXTO:
You’d think any of those reasons would be sufficient to get Americans exercising, but scores of studies have shown otherwise. It seems that public health experts, doctors and exercise devotees in the media — like me — have been using ineffective tactics to entice sedentary people to become, and remain, physically active.
For decades, people have been bombarded with messages that regular exercise is necessary to lose weight, prevent serious disease and foster healthy aging. And yes, most people say they value these goals. Yet a vast majority of Americans — two-thirds of whom are overweight or obese — have thus far failed to swallow the “exercise pill.”
Now research by psychologists strongly suggests it’s time to stop thinking of future health, weight loss and body image as motivators for exercise. Instead, these experts recommend a strategy marketers use to sell products: portray physical activity as a way to enhance current wellbeing and happiness.
“We need to make exercise relevant to people’s daily lives,” Michelle L. Segar, a research investigator at the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan, said in an interview. “Everyone’s schedule is packed with nonstop to-do’s. We can only fit in what’s essential.”
Dr. Segar is among the experts who believe that people will not commit to exercise if they see its benefits as distant or theoretical. “It has to be portrayed as a compelling behavior that can benefit us today,” she said. “People who say they exercise for its benefits to quality of life exercise more over the course of a year than those who say they value exercise for its health benefits.”
Her idea for a public service advertisement to promote exercise for working women with families: A woman is shown walking around the block after dinner with her children and says, “This is great. I can fit in fitness, spend quality time with my kids, and at the same time teach them how important exercise is.”
Based on studies of what motivates people to adopt and sustain physical activity, Dr. Segar is urging that experts stop framing moderate exercise as a medical prescription that requires 150 minutes of aerobic effort each week. Instead, public health officials must begin to address “the emotional hooks that make it essential for people to fit it into their hectic lives.” “Immediate rewards are more motivating than distant ones,” she added. “Feeling happy and less stressed is more motivating than not getting heart disease or cancer, maybe, someday in the future.”
In a study of 252 office workers, David K. Ingledew and David Markland, psychologists at the University of Wales, found that while many began to exercise as way to lose weight and improve their appearance, these motivations did not keep them exercising in the long term. “The well-being and enjoyment benefits of exercise should be emphasized,” the researchers concluded.
Dr. Segar put it this way: “Physical activity is an elixir of life, but we’re not teaching people that. We’re telling them it’s a pill to take or a punishment for bad numbers on the scale. Sustaining physical activity is a motivational and emotional issue, not a medical one.”
Other studies have shown that what gets people off their duffs and keeps them moving depends on age, gender, life circumstances and even ethnicity. For those of college age, for example, physical attractiveness typically heads the list of reasons to begin exercising, although what keeps them going seems to be the stress relief that a regular exercise program provides.
The elderly, on the other hand, may get started because of health concerns. But often what keeps them exercising are the friendships, sense of community and camaraderie that may otherwise be missing from their lives — easily seen among the gray-haired women who faithfully attend water
exercise classes at my local YMCA.
In a recent study of 1,690 overweight or obese middle-aged men and women, Dr. Segar found that enhancing daily well-being was most influential factor for the women in the study. Men indicated they were motivated by more distant health benefits, although Dr. Segar suspects this may be because men feel less comfortable discussing their mental health needs.
“What sustains us, we sustain,” Dr. Segar said. “We need to promote what marketers call ‘customer loyalty.’ We need to help people stay engaged with movement by teaching them how it can help sustain them in their lives.“
Many, if not most, people start exercising because they want to lose weight. But very often they abandon exercise when the expected pounds fail to fall off. Study after study has found that, without major changes in eating habits, increasing physical activity is only somewhat effective for losing weight, though it helps people maintain weight loss and shedding even a few pounds, especially around one’s middle, can improve health.
For example, researchers in Brisbane, Australia, and in Leeds, England, studied 58 sedentary overweight or obese men and women who participated in a closely monitored 12-week aerobic exercise program. Weight loss was minimal, but nonetheless the participants’ waistlines shrunk, their blood pressure and resting heart rate dropped, and their aerobic capacity and mood improved.
“Exercise should be encouraged and the emphasis on weight loss reduced,” the researchers concluded. “Disappointment and low self-esteem associated with poor weight loss could lead to low exercise adherence and a general perception that exercise is futile and not beneficial.”
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/27
QUESTIONS
Questão 55 According to the text, the great majority of Americans nowadays
A) have been convinced of the benefits of exercising and are involved in some kind of physical activity.
B) although quite convinced of the urging recommendations of doctors and the media, are still too lazy to join the trend.
C) have not really been convinced about the reasons why they should exercise on a regular basis.
D) are too stubborn and refuse to follow medical advice when it comes to moving for the benefit of the body.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:Segundo o texto, a grande maioria dos americanos hoje em dia
A) foram convencidos dos benefícios do exercício e estão envolvidos em algum tipo de atividade física.
B) embora bastante convencido das recomendações urgentes dos médicos e da mídia, ainda estão com preguiça de aderir à tendência.
C) não foram realmente convencidos sobre as razões pelas quais devem se exercitar regularmente.
D) são muito teimosos e se recusam a seguir o conselho médico quando se trata de se mover para o benefício do corpo.
Questão 56
The text mentions a study which suggests that the tactics to make people more involved in exercising should shift from emphasizing
A) the future health benefits to feeling well and happy now.
B) the promise of longevity to great weight loss in a short period.
C) quality of life to a very attractive body image.
D) health concerns to beauty concerns.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:O texto menciona um estudo que sugere que as táticas para tornar as pessoas mais envolvidas no exercício devem mudar de enfatizar
A) os futuros benefícios para a saúde para se sentir bem e feliz agora.
B) a promessa de longevidade a grande perda de peso em um curto período.
C) qualidade de vida a uma imagem corporal muito atraente.
D) preocupações com a saúde para preocupações de beleza.
Questão 57
As to the question of the interests of different age groups in terms of committing to exercising and remaining in the practice, it is stated that
A) valuing the body’s youth and beauty is what motivates both young and older people.
B) older people are more interested in belonging to a group of friends while younger ones are more attracted to the stress relief factor.
C) while younger people hold to the physical attractiveness factor, older people search mostly the health benefits.
D) longevity and long term benefits attract both groups equally.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:Quanto à questão dos interesses das diferentes faixas etárias em termos de se comprometer com o exercício e permanecer na prática, afirma-se que
A) valorizar a juventude e a beleza do corpo é o que motiva jovens e idosos.
B) os idosos estão mais interessados em pertencer a um grupo de amigos, enquanto os mais jovens são mais atraídos pelo fator de alívio do estresse.
C) enquanto as pessoas mais jovens seguram o fator de atratividade física, as pessoas mais velhas buscam principalmente os benefícios para a saúde.
D) a longevidade e os benefícios a longo prazo atraem ambos os grupos igualmente.
Questão 58
According to the text, some studies have revealed that physical activity alone is not very effective to make people lose weight. It needs to be accompanied by a/an
A) very high and strict reduction of calorie-intake.
B) significant change in the type of diet they adopt.
C) increase in the consumption of energetic drinks.
D) reduced amount of animal-derived food in their diets.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:De acordo com o texto, alguns estudos revelaram que a atividade física por si só não é muito eficaz para fazer as pessoas perderem peso. Precisa ser acompanhado por um / um
A) muito alta e rigorosa redução da ingestão de calorias.
B) mudança significativa no tipo de dieta que eles adotam.
C) aumento no consumo de bebidas energéticas.
D) quantidade reduzida de alimentos derivados de animais em suas dietas.
Questão 59
As to the way middle-aged men and women view exercising, the research mentioned in the text has also found that
A) both male and female individuals are in search of camaraderie.
B) women search mostly the enhancing of beauty, while men search longevity.
C) men search mostly the future health advantages while women value more the state of everyday welfare.
D) it seems that they value the same aspects, although women do not admit it openly.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:Quanto ao modo como homens e mulheres de meia-idade encaram o exercício, a pesquisa mencionada no texto também
A) indivíduos do sexo masculino e feminino estão em busca de camaradagem.
B) as mulheres buscam principalmente o aprimoramento da beleza, enquanto os homens buscam a longevidade.
C) os homens buscam principalmente as vantagens futuras da saúde, enquanto as mulheres valorizam mais o estado de bem-estar cotidiano.
D) parece que eles valorizam os mesmos aspectos, embora as mulheres não o admitam abertamente.
Questão 60
Researchers who carried out a study with sedentary people in England and Australia found out that their exercising program
A) contributed not only to significant weight loss but also to other health benefits.
B) caused great disappointment because weight loss was not achieved as expected.
C) was too hard to be successfully put in practice for twelve weeks.
D) although not having achieved the weight loss expected, brought other significant benefits for the participants.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - Questão sobre INTERPRETAÇÃO TEXTUAL:Pesquisadores que realizaram um estudo com pessoas sedentárias na Inglaterra e na Austrália descobriram que seu programa de exercícios
A) contribuiu não apenas para perda de peso significativa, mas também para outros benefícios para a saúde.
B) causou grande decepção porque a perda de peso não foi alcançada como esperado.
C) foi muito difícil de ser colocado em prática com sucesso por doze semanas.
D) apesar de não ter atingido a perda de peso esperada, trouxe outros benefícios significativos para os participantes.