1️⃣ TEXTO – | How facial recognition technology aids police | www.unicef.org |
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📝 TEXTO
How facial recognition technology aids police
Police officers’ ability to recognize and locate individuals with a history of committing crime is vital to their work. In fact, it is so important that officers believe possessing it is fundamental to the craft of effective street policing, crime prevention and investigation. However, with the total police workforce falling by almost 20 percent since 2010 and recorded crime rising, police forces are turning to new technological solutions to help enhance their capability and capacity to monitor and track individuals about whom they have concerns.
One such technology is Automated Facial Recognition (known as AFR). This works by analyzing key facial features, generating a mathematical representation of them, and then comparing them against known faces in a database, to determine possible matches. While a number of UK and international police forces have been enthusiastically exploring the potential of AFR, some groups have spoken about its legal and ethical status. They are concerned that the technology significantly extends the reach and depth of surveillance by the state.
Until now, however, there has been no robust evidence about what AFR systems can and cannot deliver for policing. Although AFR has become increasingly familiar to the public through its use at airports to help manage passport checks, the environment in such settings is quite controlled. Applying similar procedures to street policing is far more complex. Individuals on the street will be moving and may not look directly towards the camera. Levels of lighting change, too, and the system will have to cope with the vagaries of the British weather.
[…]
As with all innovative policing technologies there are important legal and ethical concerns and issues that still need to be considered. But in order for these to be meaningfully debated and assessed by citizens, regulators and law-makers, we need a detailed understanding of precisely what the technology can realistically accomplish. Sound evidence, rather than references to science fiction technology --- as seen in films such as Minority Report --- is essential.
With this in mind, one of our conclusions is that in terms of describing how AFR is being applied in policing currently, it is more accurate to think of it as “assisted facial recognition,” as opposed to a fully automated system. Unlike border control functions -- where the facial recognition is more of an automated system -- when supporting street policing, the algorithm is not deciding whether there is a match between a person and what is stored in the database. Rather, the system makes suggestions to a police operator about possible similarities. It is then down to the operator to confirm or refute them.
🔹By Bethan Davies, Andrew Dawson, Martin Innes (Source: https://gcn.com/articles/2018/11/30/facial-recognitionpolicing.aspx, accessed May 30th, 2020)
39 – Based on the information provided by Text I, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) In relation to AFR, ethical and legal implications are being brought up.
( ) There is enough data to prove that AFR is efficient in street policing.
( ) AFR performance may be affected by changes in light and motion.
The statements are, respectively,
🄰 T – F – T.
🄱 F – F – T.
🄲 F – T – T.
🄳 F – T – F.🄴 T – T – F.
• Gabarito 🄰
📝ANÁLISE DAS AFIRMATIVAS
1) ✅“In relation to AFR, ethical and legal implications are being brought up.”
🔹Correta (T) – “Em relação ao AFR, estão sendo levantadas implicações éticas e legais.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[in relation to] → em relação a
🔹[are being brought up] → estão sendo levantadas / mencionadas / discutidas
🔹[ethical and legal implications] → implicações éticas e legais
🔹[Automated Facial Recognition (AFR)→ Reconhecimento Facial Automatizado
📌 O que o texto afirma:
🔹"[...] some groups have spoken about its legal and ethical status. They are concerned that the technology significantly extends the reach and depth of surveillance by the state."
🔹“Alguns grupos têm se manifestado sobre seu status legal e ético. Eles estão preocupados com o fato de a tecnologia ampliar significativamente o alcance e a profundidade da vigilância pelo Estado.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[have spoken about → têm se manifestado / falaram sobre
🔹[legal and ethical status] → status legal e ético
🔹[are concerned that] → estão preocupados com o fato de que
🔹[extends the reach and depth] → amplia o alcance e a profundidade
🔹[surveillance by the state] → vigilância pelo Estado
2) ❌“There is enough data to prove that AFR is efficient in street policing.”
🔹Incorreta (F) – “Há dados suficientes para provar que o AFR é eficiente no policiamento de ruas.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[There is enough data] → há dados suficientes
🔹[to prove that] → para provar que
🔹[efficient in street policing] → eficiente no policiamento de ruas
📌 O texto diz o contrário:
🔹"[...] Until now, however, there has been no robust evidence about what AFR systems can and cannot deliver for policing."
🔹“Até agora, no entanto, não houve evidências robustas sobre o que os sistemas AFR podem ou não oferecer ao policiamento.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[Until now] → até agora
🔹[there has been no robust evidence] → não houve evidências robustas
🔹[what AFR systems can and cannot deliver] → o que os sistemas AFR podem ou não oferecer
🔹[for policing] → para o policiamento
3) ✅“AFR performance may be affected by changes in light and motion.”
🔹Correta (T) – “O desempenho do AFR pode ser afetado por mudanças na iluminação e no movimento.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[performance] → desempenho
🔹[may be affected] → pode ser afetado
🔹[changes in light] → mudanças na iluminação
🔹[changes in motion] → mudanças no movimento
📌 O que o texto afirma:
🔹"[...] Individuals on the street will be moving … Levels of lighting change, too … the system will have to cope with the vagaries of the British weather.”
🔹“Indivíduos na rua estarão se movimentando… Os níveis de iluminação também mudam… o sistema terá de lidar com as inconstâncias do clima britânico.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[Individuals on the street → Indivíduos na rua
will be moving → estarão se movimentando (ação contínua)
🔹[Levels of lighting change → níveis de iluminação mudam / variam
🔹[will have to cope with → terá de lidar com / precisará enfrentar
🔹[the vagaries of the British weather → as inconstâncias do clima britânico (expressão idiomática: “vagaries” = caprichos, variações imprevisíveis)
📝ANÁLISE DAS OPÇÕES
🄰 T – F – T.
🄳 F – T – F.
🄴 T – T – F.
40 – The authors conclude the text by stating that
🄰 politicians can be of great help.
🄱 technology provides definite results.
🄲 the matches obtained are irrefutable.
🄳 humans should give the final answer.
🄴 high quality cameras are indispensable.
• Gabarito 🄳 🔹The authors conclude the text by stating that
🄰 ❌Politicians can be of great help.
🔹Incorreta – “Políticos podem ser de grande ajuda.”
📌Expressões destacadas:
🔹[can be] → podem ser (indica possibilidade ou capacidade)
🔹[of great help] → de grande ajuda, muito úteis
📌Explicação:
🔹O texto menciona “citizens, regulators and law-makers” como atores que precisam debater e avaliar a tecnologia, mas não afirma que políticos (politicians) “podem ser de grande ajuda” como conclusão dos autores.
🔹A ênfase é na necessidade de evidência robusta para o debate, não em um papel salvador dos políticos.
🄱 ❌Technology provides definite results.
🔹Incorreta – “A tecnologia fornece resultados definitivos.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[provides] → fornece / oferece
🔹[definite results] → resultados definitivos / concretos
📌Explicação:
🔹Contraposto explicitamente: “Until now, however, there has been no robust evidence about what AFR systems can and cannot deliver for policing.”
🔹Além disso, os autores dizem que, em contexto de rua, AFR enfrenta dificuldades (movimento, iluminação, clima), o que impede afirmar que a tecnologia fornece resultados definitivos.
🄲 ❌The matches obtained are irrefutable. 🔹Incorreta – “Os resultados obtidos são irrefutáveis.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[matches obtained] → resultados obtidos / correspondências obtidas
🔹[irrefutable] → irrefutável / incontestável
📌Explicação:
🔹O texto deixa claro o oposto: em aplicação de rua “the algorithm is not deciding whether there is a match… the system makes suggestions to a police operator about possible similarities. It is then down to the operator to confirm or refute them.”
🔹Logo, as correspondências não são irrefutáveis — são indicativas e sujeitas à verificação humana.
🄳 ✅Humans should give the final answer.
🔹Correta – Os humanos devem fornecer a resposta final.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[give the final answer → fornecer / dar a resposta final
📌Explicação:
🔹Esta alternativa resume precisamente a conclusão dos autores: o operador humano confirma ou refuta os “matches” sugeridos pelo sistema. Citação direta do texto: “It is then down to the operator to confirm or refute them.”
🔹Portanto, a decisão final cabe ao humano — é a conclusão central.
🄴 ❌High quality cameras are indispensable.
🔹Incorreta – “Câmeras de alta qualidade são indispensáveis.”
📌 Expressões destacadas:
🔹[High quality cameras] → câmeras de alta qualidade
🔹[indispensable] → indispensáveis
📌Explicação:
🔹O texto fala sobre desafios práticos (pessoas em movimento, não olhando para a câmera, variações de iluminação e clima) mas não afirma que “câmeras de alta qualidade são indispensáveis”.
🔹Fala-se de limitações e da diferença entre ambientes controlados (aeroportos) e rua, não de uma conclusão sobre a necessidade exclusiva de equipamento de alta qualidade.
41 – In “Until now, however”, the word “however” introduces the notion of
🄰 cause.
🄱 contrast.
🄲 emphasis.
🄳 agreement.
🄴 comparison.