Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?!
Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS Processo Seletivo VUNESP-2018-FAPESP-Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP)- Cargo: Procurador. Prova aplicada em 03/06/18.
[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público
[b]Padrão/Composição da prova
Fundação para o Vestibular da Universidade Estadual Paulista
➦PROVA OBJETIVA: 05 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).
🔄Expressões idiomáticas :
➽[High-level Meeting ➝ Reunião do Alto-Escalão, Reunião de Alta-Cúpula ]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
➽[a common feature ➝ uma característica comum]
➽[a purely institutional approach ➝ uuma abordagem puramente institucional]
➽[broader discourse ➝ discurso mais amplo]
➽[High-level Meeting ➝ Reunião do Alto-Escalão, Reunião de Alta-Cúpula ]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
➽[a common feature ➝ uma característica comum]
➽[a purely institutional approach ➝ uuma abordagem puramente institucional]
➽[broader discourse ➝ discurso mais amplo]
The Declaration adopted on 24 September 2012 by the United Nations General Assembly at the High-level Meeting on the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels reaffirmed that "human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked and mutually reinforcing and that they belong to the universal and indivisible core values and principles of the United Nations". Indeed, government responsiveness to the interests and needs of the greatest number of citizens is strictly associated with the capacity of democratic institutions and processes to bolster the dimensions of rights, equality and accountability.
If considered not solely an instrument of the government but as a rule to which the entire society, including the government, is bound, the rule of law is fundamental in advancing democracy. Strengthening the rule of law has to be approached not only by focusing on the application of norms and procedures. One must also emphasize its fundamental role in protecting rights and advancing inclusiveness, in this way framing the protection of rights within the broader discourse on human development.
A common feature of both democracy and the rule of law is that a purely institutional approach does not say anything about actual outcomes of processes and procedures, even if the latter are formally correct. When addressing the rule of law and democracy nexus, a fundamental distinction has to be drawn between "rule by law", whereby law is an instrument of government and government is considered above the law, and "rule of law", which implies that everyone in society is bound by the law, including the government. Essentially, constitutional limits on power, a key feature of democracy, require adherence to the rule of law.
Another key dimension of the rule of law-democracy nexus is the recognition that building democracy and the rule of law may be convergent and mutually reinforcing processes whenever the rule of law is defined in broad, endsbased terms rather than in narrow, formal and exclusively procedural terms. The nexus is strong whenever the rule of law is conceived in its relationship with substantive outcomes, like justice and democratic governance.
https://unchronicle.un.org/article/rule-law-and-democracy-addressinggap-between-policies-and-practices. Adaptado)
👉 Questão 06 :
De acordo com o primeiro parágrafo, a Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas, em 24 de setembro de 2012, tratou
(A) de direitos da pessoa, igualdade e contabilidade das nações.
(B) dos interesses e necessidades das nações.
(C) da conexão entre direitos humanos, estado de direito e democracia.
(D) das capacidades e limites das instituições democráticas.
(E) da sub-representação dos cidadãos em processos governamentais.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
*
(contabilidade → accounting)
*
(the interests and needs of the greatest number of citizens)(dos cidadãos)
*Alternativa (C): da conexão entre direitos humanos, estado de direito e democracia.
("human rights, the rule of law and democracy are interlinked)
*
(texto não faz menção de 'limites')
*
(texto não faz menção de 'sub-representação')
➦Não confundir "accounting"(contabilidade) com "accountability"(responsabilidade).
👉 Questão 07 :
According to the second paragraph, the rule of law
(A) is an instrument accepted by specific governments.
(B) binds the government as well as the whole society.
(C) strictly consists of the application of norms and procedures.
(D) may indirectly approach human development in some nations.
(E) should specify which human rights have to be protected.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
Nos termos do 2º parágrafo, the rule of law (o Estado de direito)...
*
*Alternativa (B): vincula o governo e toda a sociedade.(the entire society, including the government, is bound)
*
*
*
👉 Questão 08 :
The excerpt from the third paragraph – law is an instrument of government and government is considered above the law – illustrates
(A) democracy.
(B) constitutional limits.
(C) "rule of law".
(D) "rule by law".
(E) that everyone in society is bound by the law.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
The excerpt from the third paragraph – law is an instrument of government and government is considered above the law – illustrates
*
*
*
*Alternativa (D): "rule by law".
*
👉 Questão 09 : No trecho do quarto parágrafo
- democracy and the rule of law may be convergent and mutually reinforcing processes whenever the rule of law is defined in broad, ends-based terms
o termo em destaque tem sentido
equivalente, em português, a
(A) sempre que.
(B) embora.
(C) além de.
(D) a não ser que.
(E) caso contrário.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
"democracy and the rule of law may be convergent and mutually reinforcing processes whenever the rule of law is defined in broad, ends-based terms"
(a democracia e o estado de direito podem ser processos convergentes e que se reforçam mutuamente sempre que o estado de direito é definido em termos amplos e baseados em fins)
👉 Questão 10 :
No trecho do quarto parágrafo
(A) sempre que.
(B) embora.
(C) além de.
(D) a não ser que.
(E) caso contrário.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
"democracy and the rule of law may be convergent and mutually reinforcing processes whenever the rule of law is defined in broad, ends-based terms"
(a democracia e o estado de direito podem ser processos convergentes e que se reforçam mutuamente sempre que o estado de direito é definido em termos amplos e baseados em fins)
👉 Questão 10 :
No trecho do quarto parágrafo
- ends-based terms rather than in narrow, formal and exclusively procedural terms
a expressão em destaque introduz ideia de
(A) comparação.
(B) condição.
(C) finalidade.
(D) simultaneidade.
(E) substituição.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
"ends-based terms rather than in narrow, formal and exclusively procedural terms"
(termos baseados em fins, em vez de termos restritos, formais e exclusivamente processuais)
(A) comparação.
(B) condição.
(C) finalidade.
(D) simultaneidade.
(E) substituição.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
"ends-based terms rather than in narrow, formal and exclusively procedural terms"
(termos baseados em fins, em vez de termos restritos, formais e exclusivamente processuais)