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sábado, 30 de janeiro de 2016

FGV/VESTIBULAR–EESP–2008.1–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
•  FGV-Escola de Economia de São Paulo-2008.1-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE. 
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
  • 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
  • Texto – | Up from the bottom of the pile Something rather exciting is happening in Latin America
    Aug 16th 2007 
    www.businessweek.com |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

 PROVA:
 TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:
Up from the bottom of the pile
Do fundo da pilha
Something rather exciting is happening in Latin America
Algo bastante emocionante está acontecendo na América Latina
Aug 16th 2007
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
Much of the news coming out of Latin America in recent years has been of radical populists proclaiming “revolution” or, as Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez would have it, “21st century socialism”.
Muitas das notícias vindas da América Latina nos últimos anos vêm sendo de populistas radicais proclamando a “revolução” ou, como diria o venezuelano Hugo Chávez, o “socialismo do século XXI”.
In their widely propagated caricature, a tiny white elite in Latin America oppresses an indigenous majority whose poverty has been exacerbated by the free-market reforms imposed by the IMF and the United States.
Na sua caricatura amplamente propagada, uma pequena elite branca na América Latina oprime uma maioria nativa cuja pobreza foi exacerbada pelas reformas de mercado livre impostas pelo FMI e pelos Estados Unidos.
  • "indigenous" – nativa,
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
So it might be hard to believe that in many countries in the region, and especially in Brazil and Mexico, Latin America’s two giants, things are in fact going better today than they have done since the mid-1970s.
Por isso, pode ser difícil acreditar que em muitos países da região, e especialmente no Brasil e no México, os dois gigantes da América Latina, as coisas estejam de fato melhores hoje do que desde meados da década de 1970.
The region is in its fourth successive year of economic growth averaging a steady 5%.
A região está no seu quarto ano consecutivo de crescimento econômico, com uma média constante de 5%.
  • "steady" – constante, firme, estável.
In most places inflation is in low single digits.
Na maioria dos lugares, a inflação está em um único dígito baixo.
  • "single" – único,
And for the first time in memory, growth has gone hand-in-hand with a current-account surplus, holding out hope that it will not be scotched by a habitual Latin American balance-of-payments crunch.
E, pela primeira vez desde que há memória, o crescimento andou de mãos dadas com um excedente da balança corrente, mantendo a esperança de que não será prejudicado pela habitual crise da balança de pagamentos na América Latina.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
What is more, financial stability and faster growth are starting to transform social conditions with astonishing speed.
Além disso, a estabilidade financeira e o crescimento mais rápido estão a começar a transformar as condições sociais com uma velocidade surpreendente.
  • "What is more" – Além disso, Ademais.
  • "astonishing" – surpreendente, impressionante.
The number of people living in poverty is falling, not only because of growth but also thanks to the social policies of reforming democratic governments.
O número de pessoas que vivem na pobreza está diminuindo, não só devido ao crescimento, mas também graças às políticas sociais de reforma dos governos democráticos.
  • "poverty" – pobreza, miséria, indigência.
The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico.
As rendas dos pobres estão aumentando mais rapidamente do que os dos ricos no Brasil (onde a desigualdade de renda é pelo menos extrema desde há uma geração) e no México.
  • "income" – renda, receita.
  • "inequality" – desigualdade, disparidade.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
In both these countries a new lower-middle class is emerging from poverty.
Em ambos os países, uma nova classe média baixa está  emergindo da pobreza.
  • "lower-middle class" – classe média baixa.
Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates.
Inflação baixa, alcançada por meio de finanças públicas mais disciplinadas e liberalização do comércio, tem levado à diminuição das taxas de juros.
  • "through" – por meio de, através de.
  • "interest rates" – taxas de juros.
Credit has at last returned.
O crédito finalmente voltou.
  • "at last" – finalmente, até que fim.
So these new consumers are buying cars and DVD players or taking out mortgages.
Portanto, estes novos consumidores estão comprando carros e leitores de DVD ou contraindo hipotecas.
  • "mortgages" – empréstimos hipotecários, financiamentos imobiliários.
No wonder Latin Americans are in an optimistic mood: earlier this year a poll by the Pew Global Attitudes Project found a greater increase in personal satisfaction in Brazil and Mexico over the past five years than in any of the other 45 countries it surveyed.
Não admira que os latino-americanos estejam otimistas: no início deste ano, uma sondagem realizada pelo Pew Global Attitudes Project revelou um aumento maior na satisfação pessoal no Brasil e no México nos últimos cinco anos do que em qualquer um dos outros 45 países pesquisados.(www.economist.com/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=9653053. Adaptado.)

76 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
According to the text, Latin American radical populists
(a) managed to implant the 21st century socialism in many countries.
b) believe that a small white elite dominates the majority of the poor population.
c) think that the IMF is not interested in free-market reforms to please the USA.
d) proclaim that the IMF dominates the USA’s decisions towards socialism.
e) propagate a caricature of Uncle Sam and capitalism.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
According to the text, Latin American radical populists
Segundo o texto, os populistas radicais latino-americanos
(a) managed to implant the 21st century socialism in many countries.
conseguiram implantar o socialismo do século XXI em muitos países.
b) believe that a small white elite dominates the majority of the poor population.
acreditam que uma pequena elite branca domina a maioria da população pobre.
  • "[...] In their widely propagated caricature, a tiny white elite in Latin America oppresses an indigenous majority whose poverty has been exacerbated by the free-market reforms imposed by the IMF and the United States."
  • Na sua caricatura amplamente propagada, uma pequena elite branca na América Latina oprime uma maioria nativa cuja pobreza foi exacerbada pelas reformas de mercado livre impostas pelo FMI e pelos Estados Unidos.
c) think that the IMF is not interested in free-market reforms to please the USA.
pensam que o FMI não está interessado em reformas de livre mercado para agradar aos EUA.
d) proclaim that the IMF dominates the USA’s decisions towards socialism.
proclamam que o FMI domina as decisões dos EUA rumo ao socialismo.
e) propagate a caricature of Uncle Sam and capitalism.
propagam uma caricatura do Tio Sam e do capitalismo.

77 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
A América Latina
a) apresenta um desenvolvimento constante desde a década de 70.
b) controlou a inflação em quase todos os países, mantendo-a no máximo de 5%.
c) está demonstrando um superávit comercial que ainda pode ser afetado pela dívida interna.
d) exibe um crescimento econômico médio de 5% há quatro anos com inflação abaixo de dois dígitos.
e) tem o Brasil e o México como exemplos de países que aderiram ao livre mercado e conseguiram crescimento recorde.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
A América Latina
a) apresenta um desenvolvimento constante desde a década de 70.
b) controlou a inflação em quase todos os países, mantendo-a no máximo de 5%.
c) está demonstrando um superávit comercial que ainda pode ser afetado pela dívida interna.
d) exibe um crescimento econômico médio de 5% há quatro anos com inflação abaixo de dois dígitos.
  • "[...] The region is in its fourth successive year of economic growth averaging a steady 5%. In most places inflation is in low single digits.
  • A região está no seu quarto ano consecutivo de crescimento econômico, com uma média constante de 5%. Na maioria dos lugares, a inflação está em um único dígito baixo.
e) tem o Brasil e o México como exemplos de países que aderiram ao livre mercado e conseguiram crescimento recorde.

78 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
No Brasil,
a) a distribuição de renda historicamente desigual está menos díspare.
b) as condições sociais estão promovendo a redução da pobreza sem prejudicar a elite.
c) os pobres são favorecidos pelo socialismo populista.
d) a estabilidade financeira ainda é precária e é necessário programar reformas democráticas.
e) a polícia deve ser reformada para ter um papel mais social e democrático no governo.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
No Brasil,
a) a distribuição de renda historicamente desigual está menos díspare.
  • "[...] The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico.”
  • As rendas dos pobres estão aumentando mais rapidamente do que os dos ricos no Brasil (onde a desigualdade de rendimentos é pelo menos extrema desde há uma geração) e no México.
b) as condições sociais estão promovendo a redução da pobreza sem prejudicar a elite.
c) os pobres são favorecidos pelo socialismo populista.
d) a estabilidade financeira ainda é precária e é necessário programar reformas democráticas.
e) a polícia deve ser reformada para ter um papel mais social e democrático no governo.

79 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
No Brasil e no México, o surgimento da nova classe média baixa que emerge da pobreza se deve
a) ao clima de otimismo e ao aumento da satisfação pessoal.
b) ao parcelamento das dívidas para compra de bens como automóveis e aparelhos eletrônicos.
c) ao comércio liberalizado que permite a importação de produtos baratos em escala global.
d) ao controle das despesas públicas e privatização de serviços como saúde e educação.
e) à inflação baixa que permite juros menores para o crédito parcelado.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
No Brasil e no México, o surgimento da nova classe média baixa que emerge da pobreza se deve
a) ao clima de otimismo e ao aumento da satisfação pessoal.
b) ao parcelamento das dívidas para compra de bens como automóveis e aparelhos eletrônicos.
c) ao comércio liberalizado que permite a importação de produtos baratos em escala global.
d) ao controle das despesas públicas e privatização de serviços como saúde e educação.
e) à inflação baixa que permite juros menores para o crédito parcelado.
  • "[...] Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates. Credit has at last returned.”
  • Inflação baixa, alcançada por meio de finanças públicas mais disciplinadas e liberalização do comércio, tem levado à diminuição das taxas de juros. O crédito finalmente voltou.
80 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
No trecho do último parágrafo – So these new consumers are buying cars and DVD players or taking out mortgages.– a palavra So pode ser substituída, sem mudar o sentido, por
a) however.
b) such as.
c) therefore.
d) besides.
e) because.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
No trecho do último parágrafo – So these new consumers are buying cars and DVD players or taking out mortgages.– a palavra So pode ser substituída, sem mudar o sentido, por
a) however. (contudo, entretanto)
b) such as. (tais como)
c) therefore. (portanto)
d) besides. (além de)
e) because. (porque)
  • "So these new consumers are buying cars and DVD players or taking out mortgages."
  • Portanto, estes novos consumidores estão comprando carros e leitores de DVD ou contraindo hipotecas.
81 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
In the following excerpt of the third paragraph of the text – The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico – the word those refers to
a) the poor.
b) the rich.
c) the incomes.
d) rising faster.
e) Brazil and Mexico.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
In the following excerpt of the third paragraph of the text – The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico – the word those refers to
a) the poor.
b) the rich.
c) the incomes.
d) rising faster.
e) Brazil and Mexico.
  • The incomes of the poor are rising faster than those of the rich in Brazil (where income inequality is at its least extreme for a generation) and in Mexico.
  • As rendas dos pobres estão crescendo mais rapidamente do que as (RENDAS) dos ricos no Brasil (onde a desigualdade da renda é pelo menos extrema desde há uma geração) e no México.
82 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
No trecho do último parágrafo – Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates.– a palavra through significa em português
a) por meio de.
b) antes de.
c) mesmo que.
d) apesar de.
e) embora.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
No trecho do último parágrafo – Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates.– a palavra through significa em português
a) por meio de.
b) antes de.
c) mesmo que.
d) apesar de.
e) embora.
  • Low inflation, achieved through more disciplined public finances and trade liberalisation, has brought falling interest rates.
  • Inflação baixa, alcançada por meio de finanças públicas mais disciplinadas e liberalização do comércio, tem levado à diminuição das taxas de juros.
 TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:
Analyse Opportunities and Challenges in the BRIC Economies of Brazil, Russia, India and China With This New Report
August 29, 2007
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
Research and Markets has announced the addition of Datamonitor’s latest title “Key Growth Markets: Opportunities and Challenges in Brazil, Russia, India and China” to their offering. The BRIC economies have to varying degrees shown rapid economic growth, increasing market size across all sectors and a burgeoning middle class in recent years. However, they have also been criticized by investors for their poor infrastructure and high rates of corruption. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities in these economies.

[2º PARÁGRAFO]
Highlights of this title:

China and India have had phases of good economic performance through the 1990’s and later. At the same time, though not as remarkable, the Russian Federation, after the collapse of the communist regime, has also shown potential for rapid economic growth. The BRIC economies face challenges to improve the functioning of their states, improving the current ineffective law and order systems, reduce rampant corruption and managing the current high levels of inequality and poverty. Economic growth in Brazil seems to have recovered from the slowdown in the 1990’s and is now looking steady. However, the economy shows significantly low growth when compared to its BRIC partners and Brazil continues to face high levels of debt in the international market.(www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/c66999. Adaptado.)

83 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
O relatório “Key Growth Markets: Opportunities and Challenges in Brazil, Russia, India and China”
a) afirma que os países BRIC devem primeiro superar diversos problemas para serem atraentes aos investidores.
b) avalia o potencial de investimento de cada integrante dos BRICs até a década de 90 em comparação com a década atual.
c) defende que os BRICs serão economias fortes e deixarão de ser um mercado de risco futuro.
d) analisa em profundidade as economias dos países BRIC quanto as suas oportunidades e desafios.
e) trata do risco dos países emergentes que pretendem atrair investimentos de países ricos.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
➦No texto:
"[...] This report provides an in-depth analysis of the challenges and opportunities in these economies.”
• to provide = fornecer • in-depth = em profundidade • challenges = desafios

84 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
Entre os países BRIC,
a) a Rússia demonstrou o melhor desempenho econômico após a queda do regime comunista.
b) a economia do Brasil tem crescimento mais baixo, apesar de estável.
c) a Índia deve superar a desigualdade social e a pobreza para competir com a China pelos investimentos estrangeiros.
d) a Rússia tem a pior infra-estrutura devido a falta de investimentos durante o regime comunista.
e) todos apresentam alto índice de corrupção, sendo o Brasil o mais marcante nesse aspecto.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
➦No texto:
"[...] Economic growth in Brazil seems to have recovered from the slowdown in the 1990’s and is now looking steady. However, the economy shows significantly low growth when compared to its BRIC partners...”
• slowdown = redução no ritmo de produção
• steady = estável

85 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
One of the favorable aspects the BRIC countries have recently demonstrated is
a) an expansion of the middle class.
b) investments in infrastructure.
c) control of the high rates of corruption.
d) effective law systems.
e) low but steady economy growth.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
Resolução Um dos aspectos favoráveis que os países do BRIC têm demonstrado recentemente é uma expansão da classe média.
➦No texto:
"[...] The BRIC economies have to varying degrees shown rapid economic growth, increasing market size across all sectors and a burgeoning middle class in recent years."
• varying degrees – graus variados
• growth – crescimento
• to increase – aumentar
• burgeoning – crescimento, expansão

86 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
No trecho do texto – At the same time, though not as remarkable, the Russian Federation, after the collapse of the communist regime, has also shown potential for rapid economic growth.– a palavra though indica
a) alternância.
b) causa.
c) explicação.
d) ressalva.
e) comparação.
      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
➦No trecho do texto, though indica ressalva:
"At the same time, though not as remarkable"
• though = embora.

87 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
O texto
a) apresenta os aspectos positivos e os problemas da economia de cada país BRIC.
b) alerta os investidores sobre os riscos de seu capital em países emergentes.
c) defende os países em desenvolvimento, pois são economias em rápido crescimento.
d) indica os BRICs como um mercado para investimentos futuros.
e) apresenta os BRICs como uma bolha de investimento que logo irá estourar.
      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
➦No texto:
"[...] The BRIC economies have to varying degrees shown rapid economic growth, increasing market size across all sectors and a burgeoning middle class in recent years. However, they have also been criticized by investors for their poor infrastructure and high rates of corruption."
• rates = taxas

 TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 3:
Forest nations press for carbon credits to help cut greenhouse gas
Países florestais pressionam por créditos de carbono para ajudar a reduzir gases de efeito estufa
Financial Times, Sept. 13, 2007

Eight nations with the largest tropical forests have agreed to push for their protection to be made eligible for carbon credits. Rachmat Witoelar, Indonesia’s environment minister, said Brazil, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Gabon, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Congo and Indonesia, with 80 per cent of the world’s tropical forest cover, had formed the Forestry Eight, whose goal is to have forest preservation included in the successor to the Kyoto protocol on climate change, which expires in 2012. Under Kyoto, only reforestation and afforestation are eligible for carbon credits.
2
The group’s first meeting will be at a UN-convened gathering on climate change in New York on September 24. Formal negotiations on the global framework are to begin at a UN conference in Bali in December. “We’re all in agreement now for the first time,” Mr. Witoelar told the Financial Times. “So I’m optimistic that carbon credits for not cutting down trees will become a reality.”
3
Indonesia and Brazil are considered the world’s third and fourth largest emitters of greenhouse gases respectively because of the amount of carbon that escapes during deforestation. Forests can help fight climate change because trees absorb carbon as they grow, and store it until they die or are cut down. Deforestation is thought responsible for about 20 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, the Stern review said.
4
But paying countries to keep forests intact is controversial. Many governments fear rainforest nations could use the threat of destruction of their forests as a bargaining chip in climate change negotiations. It is also hard to quantify how much carbon forests hold, and how much forest a country has. Also, much deforestation is caused by illegal logging activities, raising moral issues. James Connaughton, head of the White House Council on Environmental Quality, said: “You would be paying people not to engage in an illegal activity.”
(www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20752157/ Adaptado.)

88 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
The Forestry Eight
a) wish reforestation and afforestation to be included for carbon credits.
b) are fast growing countries leaded by Indonesia.
c) comprise 80% of the world’s tropical forests.
d) wish the Kyoto protocol to be extended after 2012.
e) claim that Kyoto protocol should be signed by the United States.
      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
➦No texto:
"[...] Rachmat Witoelar, Indonesia’s environment minister, said Brazil, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Gabon, Cameroon, Costa Rica, Congo and Indonesia, with 80 per cent of the world’s tropical forest cover, had formed the Forestry Eight."
• to comprise = compreender, abranger

89 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
O desmatamento
a) pode amenizar o clima, pois as árvores absorvem o carbono durante o seu crescimento.
b) pode ser a causa de cerca de um quinto das emissões de gases de efeito estufa.
c) causado por madeireiras deve ser fiscalizado devido a questões ambientais.
d) precisa ser usado como forma de pressão nas negociações em Bali.
e) pode ser facilmente quantificado em termos da extensão das florestas de cada país.
      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
➦No texto:
"[...] Deforestation is thought responsible for about 20 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, the Stern review said.”

90 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2008.1)
Na citação de James Connaughton do último parágrafo – “You would be paying people not to engage in an illegal activity”– illegal activity refere-se a
a) negociatas sobre mudanças climáticas.
b) barganhas sobre desmatamento.
c) questionamentos sobre comportamentos morais. d) pagamento de pessoas não engajadas.
e) ações de madeireiras ilegais.
      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & 
RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO
:
➦No texto:
"[...] also hard to quantify how much carbon forests hold, and how much forest a country has. Also, much deforestation is caused by illegal logging activities, raising moral issues. James Connaughton, head of the White House Council on Environmental Quality, said: “You would be paying people not to engage in an illegal activity.”
* logging = derrubada, corte e transporte de madeira

FGV/VESTIBULAR–2007.1–ECONOMIA–1º SEMESTRE–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
•  FGV/VESTIBULAR-2007.1-PROCESSO SELETIVO-1º SEMESTRE-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECONOMIA-SP.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
  • 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
  • Texto (1) – | Shining, golden 'BRICs' http://english.people.com.cn |
  • Texto (2) – | Brazil and UK to develop ethanol project in Africa http://today.reuters.co.uk |
  • Texto (3) – | Fiscal Fitness Feeds Brazil’s Boom www.forbes.com |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

 PROVA:
 TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:
Shining, golden 'BRICs'
'BRICs' dourados e brilhantes
September 06, 2006

Jim O’Neill, head of global economic research at Goldman Sachs forecasted in a report in 2001 that the GDP of China, Russia, India, and Brazil would be 50 percent that of the combined GDP of the US, Japan, Germany, France, Italy and Britain by the year 2025, and would surpass them before 2050. 
O’Neill created a new word – BRIC – with the first letter of the English names of the four countries. BRICs became a popular term all over the world. Recently, O’Neill said that China would become an economic power, surpassing the United States by 2035 based on the current speed of economic growth. The economic power and influence of BRICs is growing.
2
O’Neill’s forecast is logical. The uprising of BRICs is changing the structure of the world and driving the global economy. In the past, the world’s economy was dominated by North America, the European Union and Japan. The combined GDP of BRICs in 2005 reached 4.6 trillion dollars, the total GDP of Japan. BRICs are beginning to dominate the world’s economy.
3
China is said to be the most prominent of the four countries. China has maintained an average economic growth rate of over 9.6 percent per year in the past 30 years. China’s GDP has increased to 2.23 trillion dollars in 2005, which is half that of the four countries. The economic growth rates of India, Russia and Brazil all surpass western countries and are above average in the world. If the economy of the golden bricks of the four countries continues to grow at the current speed, O’Neill’s prediction will come true in the near future.
4
The rise of BRICs is also changing the world order. This is happening not only because of BRICs’ robust economic growth but also because of its role as an initiator and motivator of the new, international order. The four countries advocate the democratization of international relations, oppose hegemony and call for respect for global diversification. As developing nations, they have had the opportunity to learn from others and offset their own weaknesses.
5
Members of BRICs are earnestly practicing the style of international relations they have advocated, setting an example of friendly cooperation between different cultures. China and Russia, China and India, China and Brazil as well as Russia and India have all established strategic partnerships. Russia is rich in energy and mineral resources, and Brazil has natural and alternative energy technology. Both China and India are manufacturing giants, and the relationship between Russia and India will doubtlessly be complementary economically. The cooperation between the four countries in the fields of economics, sci-tech and culture will not only benefit their people, but also build a harmonious international society.
(http://english.people.com.cn/200609/06/eng20060906_300197.html. Adaptado)

76 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
The BRIC countries
a) are an economic alliance established in 2001 in order to support underdeveloped countries.
b) are members of a bloc created by Jim O’Neill in a GS summit.
c) are meant to oppose developed countries such as US, Japan, and some European nations.
d) have been demonstrating an increasing economic importance in the world.
e) will surpass the United States by 2035 and become economic powers.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The economic power and influence of BRICs is growing."

77 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
A Jim O’Neill’s forecasts
a) can become real if the GDP of BRIC’s continues to grow at present rate.
b) are considered logical but they depend on too many variables that are yet to be proven.
c) concentrate on China because its GDP has been growing steadily for the last 30 years.
d) were dismissed by the European Union, North America and Japan as a futuristic dream.
e) are based on careful analysis performed by Goldman and Sachs for the next 35 years.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] If the economy of the golden bricks of the four countries continues to grow at the current speed, O’Neill’s prediction will come true in the near future.”

78 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
According to the text, the BRIC’s
a) challenged the United Nations to accept the developing countries claims in terms of international trade and security.
b) are leading the G20, a group of developing nations, as a way to dominate global economy, now led by the G8, a group of wealthy nations.
c) established an hegemonic alliance that threatens current world order guided by the European Union and the US.
d) will consolidate their economic power only if they manage to offset their weaknesses by 2025.
e) are changing international order, especially by supporting the democratization of international relations among other issues.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The rise of BRICs is also changing the world order.”

79 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
According to the text, Brazil
a) has displayed the lowest GDP of the four BRIC countries.
b) established a complementary manufacturing relationship with other giants like China and India.
c) has developed both alternative and natural energy technology.
d) may consolidate a friendly export cooperation with Russia and India in the short run.
e) is the fastest developing nation of western countries, together with India and Russia.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Russia is rich in energy and mineral resources, and Brazil has natural and alternative energy technology.”

80 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
The BRIC countries are against
a) global diversification.
b) hegemony.
c) international relations.
d) strategic partnerships.
e) new world order.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] The four countries advocate the democratization of international relations, oppose hegemony and call for respect for global diversification.”

81 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
In the last sentence of the text — The cooperation between the four countries in the fields of economics, scitech and culture will not only benefit their people, but also build a harmonious international society. — the expressions not only …but also express
a) a contrast.
b) an alternative.
c) a substitution.
d) a comparison.
e) an addition.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] A cooperação entre os quatro países na área de economia, sci-tech e cultura irá não somente beneficiar seus cidadãos, mas também construir uma Sociedade Internacional Harmoniosa – a expressão "not only ... but also" significa adição.


Leia o TEXTO 2 e responda às questões de números 82 a 85.

TEXTO 2
Brazil and UK to develop ethanol project in Africa
Sep 5, 2006

1
BRASILIA, Brazil (Reuters) – Brazil, the world’s largest ethanol exporter, and Britain want to develop the production of ethanol from sugar cane in southern Africa, officials from both governments said on Tuesday. The move is intended to diversify cheap ethanol production globally to meet fast-growing international demand. Many potential consumers are hesitant to increase their ethanol consumption because Brazil is the only large global supplier. “The product needs to become (more) available to consumers,” Brazilian Industry and Trade Minister Luiz Furlan told a news conference. “The commitment of both countries is to develop other (ethanol) supplier countries.”
2
Brazil and the United Kingdom are tackling “one of the biggest threats in the world today – climate change,” UK Secretary of State for Trade and Industry Alistair Darling told the news conference. Darling said many countries wanting to reduce carbon-based fuels could learn from Brazil. “I can now confront any car manufacturer in Europe who tells me that people won’t buy cars powered by ethanol,” he said after test-driving a “flex-fuel” car, which operates on ethanol or gasoline. The flex-fuel technology was developed in Brazil and now accounts for about 75 percent of all new car sales.
3
Strong international demand for ethanol has increased prices sharply, after several countries in Europe and Asia made a minimum consumption of biofuels obligatory. In Brazil, ethanol accounts for about 40 percent of all motorists’ non-diesel fuel consumption.
4
A UK-Brazil task force is to present a business proposal within 90 days to produce cane-derived ethanol in southern Africa, Furlan said. A feasibility study commissioned by the UK and Brazil had already identified several countries, particularly South Africa and Mozambique, where sugar cane production was commercially viable, a Darling aide said.
5
Brazilian agronomists visited South Africa in recent weeks and found no “technical impediments,” Furlan said. Brazilians were working to “re-adapt” and increase the productivity of 11 varieties of sugar cane originally from South Africa.
(http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=science News&storyID=2006- 09- 05T204957Z_01_N05203089_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-ENERGY-BRAZIL-ETHANOL-DC.XML)
82 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
One of the reasons why Brazil and Britain wish to develop ethanol production in southern Africa is that a) Brazil is the largest global producer of all crops that can be used for biofuels.
b) African countries want to reduce carbon-based emissions to preserve their natural resources.
c) there is an increasing ethanol demand and consumers don’t want to rely on just one big supplier. d) Brazil wishes to export flex-fuel vehicles to Britain and consumers want fuel to be cheaper.
e) climate changes may affect sugar cane production in Africa and cause ethanol shortages.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Many potential consumers are hesitant to increase their ethanol consumption because Brazil is the only large global supplier.”

83 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
One of the reasons for the increase of international demand for ethanol is that
a) there is a compulsory minimum biofuel consumption in some European and Asian countries.
b) biofuels might become more expensive if climate changes take place in Brazil.
c) Southern Africa will re-adapt Brazilian flex-fuel technology for vehicles.
d) Brazil is leading a carbon-based fuel reduction in order to eliminate air pollution.
e) European car manufacturers are surprised that 75 percent of new car sales are flex-fuel.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Strong international demand for ethanol has increased prices sharply, after several countries in Europe and Asia made a minimum consumption of biofuels obligatory.”

84 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
In the sentence of the first paragraph – …diversify cheap ethanol production globally to meet fast-growing international demand. – the word to can be substituted, without changing the meaning, for
a) rather than.
b) because of.
c) such as.
d) in order to.
e) instead of.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] diversificar a produção barata de etanol globalmente para suprir a demanda internacional que cresce rapidamente"
➦ TO pode ser substituída, sem mudança de significado, por “in order to”.
• to = in order to ⇒ para, com a finalidade de .

85 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
According to the text:
a) There are some technical problems in the adaptation of sugar cane varieties in Brazil and South Africa.
b) Some car manufacturers are reluctant to produce flex cars because they believe there is a consumer resistance.
c) Ethanol produced in Brazil is cheaper than the one produced in Asia because consumption has increased a lot there.
d) Brazil will lose market if other countries develop biofuels on their own.
e) Flex technology is accepted by 40 percent drivers in Brazil because ethanol is cheaper.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] I can now confront any car manufacturer in Europe who tells me that people won’t buy cars powered by ethanol,” he said after test-driving a “flex-fuel” car, which operates on ethanol or gasoline."

Leia o TEXTO 3 e responda às questões de números 86 a 90.

TEXTO 3
Fiscal Fitness Feeds Brazil’s Boom
Carl Delfeld, Chartwell Advisor 03.02.06

1
Brazil’s booming stock market has caught foreign investors’ attention, but a question still lurks in the background like an uninvited guest: Is this just another up-leg in the typical boom-and-bust cycle that has come to characterize Latin American markets?
2
For the answer, take a look at Brazil’s improving balance sheet. While America piles on the debt, Brazil is going the other way. It decided last December to pay off its remaining $15.5 billion debt to the International Monetary Fund (that must be a relief!) and announced just last week that it will retire all of its remaining $6.6 billion worth of Brady bonds issued during the early 1990s financial crisis.
3
Where is the money coming from? Brazil recorded significant trade surpluses in 2004 and 2005, with exports for the last 12 months hitting a record $120 billion. Exports of oil, soybeans, copper, steel, autos, sugar and coffee are surging, even in the face of a strengthening currency. The Brazilian real is up 52% against the U.S. dollar since May 2004 and was up 22% during 2005. Brazil is almost energy independent and foreign exchange reserves now total $58 billion, even after paying off the nettlesome IMF debt.
4
Behind all these positive numbers are substantial reforms begun by President Cardoso and continued by Luiz Inacio “Lula” da Silva. Payroll taxes and corporate taxes have been cut, the tax system simplified, and last week, Brazil announced that it would eliminate the income tax for foreigners who purchase public debt. Brazil’s strong currency will likely also lead to a loosening of foreign exchange restrictions.
5
A cynical friend of mine often comments that successful political leaders need to ignore their strongest supporters if they are to achieve real reform. If so, Lula is a good example, since most expected him to reverse market reforms after taking power in 2002.
(www.forbes.com. Adaptado)
86 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
According to the text,
a) stock market in Brazil is going up and down too quickly.
b) Brazil is following the Latin American stock market trend.
c) Brazil has not recovered from the 90s financial crisis yet.
d) Brazil will qualify for a $6.6 billion loan worth of Brady bonds.
e) Brazil is paying the debts while America is going the other way.
Resolução De acordo com o texto, o Brasil está pagando suas dívidas, enquanto os Estados Unidos estão indo na contramão. No texto: “While America piles on the debt, Brazil is going the other way.”
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] While America piles on the debt, Brazil is going the other way."

87 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
The quotation from the first paragraph – but a question still lurks in the background like an uninvited guest:…– indicates
a) uncertainty.
b) excitement.
c) good luck.
d) solution.
e) frustration.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
 A citação do primeiro parágrafo – mas uma questão ainda está à espreita em segundo plano como um convidado indesejado – indica incerteza.

88 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
In the sentence from the fourth paragraph of the text – Brazil’s strong currency will likely also lead to a loosening of foreign exchange restrictions. – the word likely indicates a
a) comparison.
b) conclusion.
c) probability.
d) preference.
e) certainty.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
 A forte moeda brasileira provavelmente também levará ao enfraquecimento das restrições de câmbio estrangeiro – a palavra “likely” indica uma probabilidade.
• likely = provável, provavelmente

89 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
One of the answers to the question posed in the third paragraph – Where is the money coming from? – is a) reforms made by Fernando Henrique Cardoso.
b) income tax reduction.
c) strong currency in dollars.
d) booming exports.
e) IMF loans to pay debts.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
➦No texto:
"[...] Where is the money coming from? Brazil recorded significant trade surpluses in 2004 and 2005, with exports for the last 12 months hitting a record $120 billion. Exports of oil, soybeans, copper, steel, autos, sugar and coffee are surging, even in the face of a strengthening currency."

90 – (FGV/VESTIBULAR-EESP-ECONOMIA-2007.1)
In the last paragraph, Lula is a good example of
a) the real currency reform.
b) ignoring his strongest supporters.
c) reversing market reforms.
d) doing what most expect.
e) having cynical friends.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
No último parágrafo, Lula é um bom exemplo de
a) a reforma da moeda real.
b) ignorar seus mais fortes apoiadores.
c) reverter as reformas do mercado.
d) fazer o que mais espera.
e) ter amigos cínicos.
➦No texto:
"[...] A cynical friend of mine often comments that successful political leaders need to ignore their strongest supporters if they are to achieve real reform. If so, Lula is a good example, since most expected him to reverse market reforms after taking power in 2002."