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CESGRANRIO – 2012 – NÍVEL SUPERIOR I – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CONCURSO PÚBLICO – COMPANHIA HIDROELÉTRICA DO SÃO FRANCISCO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESACESGRANRIO-2012--CHESF-NÍVEL SUPERIO I.

https://www.cesgranrio.org.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 5 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
 Text – Water Wars May Lie Ahead www.http://blogs.wsj.com |
 PROVA:
Water Wars May Lie Ahead
By Neena Rai
June 29, 2011, 9:20 AM GMT
          
There is a famous Chinese proverb that warns "not only can water float a boat, it can sink it also."
          
And with global water shortages on the horizon, climate change supporters say an extreme response will be needed from international governments to stem the potential for conflict it will create around the world.
          
Professor Patricia Wouters at the IHP-HELP Centre for water law, policy and science at University of Dundee, said the world could face a future of "water wars" as deterioration in climatic patterns and global population growth leave people struggling to stake their claim to the natural resource.
          
The World Bank in a report said that 1.4 million people could be facing water scarcity by 2025. But the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) forecast is even more gloomy. It estimates that 47% of the world's population could face water stress in the same period – equivalent to more than three billion people.
         
The issue isn’t restricted to countries that typically see temperatures soar, such as Cyprus, which in 2009 was forced to import water in tankers and ration its use. Northern hemisphere nations like the U.K. are also finding themselves in the midst of a drought in some regions, forcing governments to start to take action. The U.K. government, for instance, plans to issue a Water White Paper this December that will focus on the future challenges facing the water industry and measures to increase protection of river flows during summer months.
          
Parts of the U.K. are currently marked as having drought status and other areas of the country are deemed to be at risk of drought. The U.K.'s Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs held a second drought summit Monday, at which Secretary of State Caroline Spelman warned the prospect of a dry summer and dry winter could have a serious impact on the country’s water reserves.
         
“We’re going to keep working with farmers, water companies and environmental groups to minimize the impacts of drought, because this year is sign of things to come,” she said. “The climate is changing and these extreme weather events will become more common. How we deal with that problem will be one of the key parts of our Water White Paper, which will be published later this year.”
          
This may be a far cry from a declaration of war on other more water-abundant nations, but reaching this stage in some countries isn’t beyond the realms of imagination. Egypt and Ethiopia have been battling the issue for the share of the Nile’s water reserves, and Israel – already fighting Palestine for territory that includes precious water reserves – has started to charge the agricultural sector high rates for using the resource.
          
Even in the U.K., the armed forces are being prepared for potential conflicts over water.
          
Professor Wouters said that military plans are being prepared on a 30-year horizon, but that the water security topic had somewhat fallen off the table since the financial crisis. Portugal and Spain are facing serious water scarcity issues but the agricultural sector there is having to shout loudly for its voice to be heard above the noise of the countries' current financial woes.
          
Maybe Israel's entrepreneurial approach to the issue is the way forward. Nevertheless, the fact remains that water scarcity is now firmly on the agenda of the world's governments, and isn't going to vanish overnight.

Available at:<www.http://blogs.wsj.com/source/2011/06/29/
water-wars-may-lie-ahead/>. Retrieved on: March 11, 2012.

01  (CESGRANRIO-2012-CHESF) 

The author's main purpose in Text I is to

(A) expose some secret military plans to save water for the future.
(B) alert about the harmful impact of water shortages in the future.
(C) justify the war between Ethiopia and Egypt for a larger share of the Nile.
(D) defend the high charges for use of water in agricultural areas in the Middle East.
(E) complain about the inefficiency of international governments in dealing with water wars.
 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO
:
O objetivo principal do autor no Texto I é ...
*Item (A): expor alguns planos secretos militares de economizar água para o futuro.
*Item (B) CORRETOalertar sobre o impacto nocivo da escassez de água no futuro.
*Item (C): justificar a guerra entre a Etiópia e Egito por uma parcela maior do Nilo.
*Item (D): defender os elevados encargos de uso da água em áreas agrícolas no Oriente Médio.
*Item (E): queixar-se da ineficiência dos governos internacionais para lidar com guerras de água.

02  (CESGRANRIO-2012-CHESF) 

In Text I, the excerpt,

"the world could face a future of "water wars" "(lines 9-10),

the verb form in bold expresses the idea of

(A) advice
(B) suggestion
(C) necessity
(D) obligation
(E) possibility
 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICO - MODAL VERB
:
*No texto I, o trecho "o mundo pode enfrentar um futuro de "guerras da água"' (linhas 7-8), a forma verbal em negrito expressa a ideia...
*Item (A): conselho.
*Item (B): sugestão. 
*Item (C): necessidade. 
*Item (D): obrigação. 
*Item (E) CORRETO: possibilidade/probabilidade.  

03  (CESGRANRIO-2012-CHESF)
Based on the meanings in Text I,
the two items are synonymous in
(A) stem (line 5) – stop
(B) gloomy (line 16) – encouraging
(C) soar (line 21) – drop
(D) prospect (line 36) – impossibility
(E) vanish (line 70) – emerge
 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - VOCABULARY, SYNONNYMOUS
:
*Com base nos significados em Texto I, os dois itens são sinônimos em...
*Item (A) CORRETO: stem(conter)(linha 4) é sinônimo de "stop"(parar).
*Item (B): gloomy (sombrio)(linha 16) não é sinônimo de "encouraging"(encorajador/animador).
➭ GLOOMY (adjective) – SOMBRIO, ESCURO, TENEBROSO, SINISTRO,TRISTE 
From: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
*Item (C): soar(subir)(linha 21) é antônimo de "drop"(cair).
*Item (D): prospect(perspectiva)(line 36) não é sinônimo de "impossibility"(impossibilidade).
*Item (E): vanish(sumir)(line 70) não é sinônimo de "emerge"(emergir).

04  (CESGRANRIO-2012-CHESF)
In terms of numerical reference in Text I,
(A) 1.4 million (line 13) refers to the number of people who have been involved in conflicts over water.
(B) 47% (line 17) refers to the percentage of countries in the world already facing water scarcity.
(C) more than three billion people (line 19) refers to the number of people who might suffer from water shortage by 2025.
(D) 2009 (line 22) refers to the only year when Cyprus faced an unparalleled rise in temperature.
(E) 30-year horizon (line 59) refers to the period of time the financial crisis in Europe will last.
 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICO - NUMERICAL REFERENCE
:
Em termos de referência numérica no Texto I,...
*Item (A) ERRADO: 1.4 milhão (linha 10) refere-se ao número de pessoas que estiveram envolvidas em conflitos pela água.
👦 1.4 milhão → ao nº de pessoas que podem enfrentar a escassez de água, veja no texto:
"[...] The World Bank in a report said that 1.4 million people could be facing water scarcity by 2025."
(O Banco Mundial em um relatório disse que 1,4 milhão de pessoas podem estar enfrentando a escassez de água até 2025.)
*Item (B) ERRADO47% (linha 12) refere-se à porcentagem de países em todo o mundo que já enfrentam escassez de água.
👦 47% → ao % da população do mundo, veja no texto:
"[...] It estimates that 47% of the world’s population could face water stress in the same period – equivalent to more than three billion people."
(Ele estima que 47% da população do mundo poderia enfrentar escassez de água no mesmo período - o equivalente a mais de três bilhões de pessoas.
*Item (C) CORRETOmais de três bilhões de pessoas (linha 14) refere-se ao número de pessoas que podem sofrer com a escassez de água até 2025.
*Item (D) ERRADO2009 (linha 16) se refere ao único ano em que Chipre enfrentou um aumento de temperatura sem precedentes.
👦 2009 → ao ANO em que o Chipre foi forçado a importar água em navios-tanque, veja no texto:
"[...] The issue isn't restricted to countries that typically see temperatures soar, such as Cyprus, which in 2009 was forced to import water in tankers and ration its use.."
(A questão não se restringe a países que normalmente veem as temperaturas subirem, como Chipre, que em 2009 foi forçado a importar água em navios-tanque e racionar seu uso.)
*Item (E) ERRADOhorizonte de 30 anos (linha 43) refere-se ao período de tempo que a crise financeira na Europa vai durar.
👦 horizonte de 30 anos → ao planos militares, veja no texto:
"[...] Professor Wouters said that military plans are being prepared on a 30-year horizon, but that the water security topic had somewhat fallen off the table since the financial crisis."

(Professor Wouters disse que os planos militares estão sendo preparados em um horizonte de 30 anos, mas que o tema segurança da água havia, de certa forma, sido colocado de lado desde a crise financeira.)

05  (CESGRANRIO-2012-CHESF) 

According to Professor Wouters, in Text I, paragraph 10 (lines 58-65),

(A) Portugal and Spain are more worried about water
shortage than about political and financial problems.
(B) security issues regarding water problems have been somewhat put aside because of the economic crisis.
(C) the agricultural sector is not really worried about the problems that may come up if the water resources dry up.
(D) in the UK, the army is fully prepared to fight the countries interested in the British hydroenergy sources.
(E) the military forces intend to overlook the serious
challenges to control the oceans and rivers in the next decade.
 👍   Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO
:
*De acordo com o professor Wouters, no Texto I, parágrafo 10 (linhas 43-47),...
*Item (A): Portugal e Espanha estão mais preocupados com a falta de água do que com os problemas políticos e financeiros.
*Item (B) CORRETOas questões de segurança em relação a problemas de água têm sido colocados de lado por causa da crise econômica. 
*Item (C): o setor agrícola não está muito preocupado com os problemas que podem surgir se os recursos de água secarem.
*Item (D): no Reino Unido, o exército está totalmente preparado para lutar contra os países interessados em fontes de hidroenergia britânicas.
*Item (E): as forças militares pretendem ignorar os sérios desafios para controlar os oceanos e rios na próxima década.  

Cespe/UnB–2015–STJ–ANALISTA JUDICIÁRIO–PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

  • CESPE-2015-SUPERIOR TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA-ANALISTA JUDICIÁRIO-27/09/2015.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 06 TFQs (True False Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.
 Texto (1) – | OSGEMEOS | http://edition.cnn.com |
 Texto (2) – | Cyber courts: using the Internet to assist court processes.www7.scu.edu.au |
 PROVA:
>> TRADUÇÃO TEXTO 1:
The Brazilian artists OSGEMEOS are used to exhibiting their work in sizeable spaces.
Os artistas brasileiros OSGEMEOS costumam expor os seus trabalhos em espaços amplos.
Their flat-nosed yellow characters - their signature - have appeared on murals, concrete grain silos, an 800-year-old castle, and a plane.
Seus personagens de nariz achatado amarelo - a sua assinatura – têm aparecido em murais, silos de concreto para grãos, um castelo com 800 anos e um avião.
This month the duo will take it one step further, illuminating New York City's Times Square billboards with rotund, bobbing heads.
Este mês, a dupla dará um passo além, iluminando outdoors arredondados da Times Square em Nova York, balançando cabeças.
The work, entitled Parallel Connection, appears as part of the Times Square Arts' Midnight Moment series.
O trabalho, intitulado "Parallel Connection", aparece no âmbito da série "Midnight Moment da Times Square Arts".
The public arts program has featured a new artist every month since 2012.
O programa de artes públicas tem apresentado um novo artista a cada mês desde 2012.
For Gustavo and Otavio Pandolfo, the twins behind OSGEMEOS, the work is a dialogue between two worlds - the imaginary and the real.
Para Gustavo e Otavio Pandolfo, os gêmeos do OSGEMEOS, o trabalho é um diálogo entre dois mundos - o imaginário e o real.
Director of Times Square Arts Sherry Dobbin says the ongoing exhibit, which has showcased artists like Tracey Emin, Isaac Julien, and Andy Warhol, is an opportunity to expose general audiences to high quality, contemporary art.
A diretora de artes da Times Square, Sherry Dobbin, diz que as exposições em curso, que têm apresentado artistas como Tracey Emin, Isaac Julien e Andy Warhol, é uma oportunidade para expor arte contemporânea de alta qualidade para o público em geral."
“Nowhere else in the world, there is this iconic cannon of electronic billboards.
"Em nenhum outro lugar do mundo existe este canhão icónico de outdoors eletrônicos.
We're looking for a combination of emerging and established artists, a diversity of style, and we are really interested in those who want to play with public space”.
Procuramos uma combinação de artistas emergentes e consagrados, uma diversidade de estilo, e estamos realmente interessados ​​em quem quer brincar com o espaço público".
Born in São Paulo and working under the name
OSGEMEOS since 1987, the siblings work alongside each other on each project, and have always communicated in an artistic way.
Nascido em São Paulo e trabalhando sob o nome
OSGEMEOS desde 1987, os irmãos trabalham lado a lado em cada projeto e sempre têm se expressado de forma artística.
The two have worked in many mediums including graffiti, drawings, paintings, sculptures, and most recently, animation.
Os dois trabalharam em diversos meios, incluindo graffiti, desenhos, pinturas, esculturas e, mais recentemente, animação.
  • Brazilian twin artists OSGEMEOS make heads rain on 42nd Street. Internet: <http://edition.cnn.com> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
39. In the text, “murals, concrete grain silos, an 800-year-old castle, and a plane” (R.4 and 5) and “Times Square billboards” (R.6) are examples of sizeable spaces which are at the same level in terms of promoting the duo’s work.

40. Heterogeneity has been an important feature in the twins' artistic production.
A heterogeneidade tem sido uma característica importante na produção artística dos gêmeos.
>> CORRETO, conforme o trecho:
  • "[...] The two have worked in many mediums including graffiti, drawings, paintings, sculptures, and most recently, animation."
  • Os dois têm trabalhado em diversos meios, incluindo graffiti, desenhos, pinturas, esculturas e, mais recentemente, animação.
41. The meaning of the expression "are used to" (R.1) is equivalent to are accustomed to.
O significado da expressão “estamos habituados” (R. 1) equivale a estamos acostumados.
>> CORRETO. As expressões "BE USED TO" e "BE ACCUSTOMED TO" são equivalentes ou intercambiáveis.

>> TRADUÇÃO TEXTO 2:
The business world has indeed left the legal world behind when it comes to using technology.
O mundo empresarial deixou realmente o mundo jurídico para trás no que diz respeito ao uso da tecnologia.
Often, the reason businesses have moved to using technology is that it is more cost effective to share and store information digitally.
Muitas vezes, a razão pela qual as empresas passaram a utilizar a tecnologia é que é mais econômico compartilhar e armazenar informações digitalmente.
That is also why the courts should do the same.
É também por isso que os tribunais deveriam fazer o mesmo. 
The Internet now provides a wide range of legal information, and the benefit of information being provided in this way is that it can be kept up-to-date as the law changes.
A Internet oferece hoje uma vasta gama de Informações Legais, e a vantagem de a informação ser fornecida desta forma é que pode ser mantida atualizada à medida que a lei muda.
Not only can the Internet assist in legal research, but it can also assist in court processes generally, that is, in trial preparation and in the courtroom throughout the hearing.
A Internet não só pode ajudar na investigação jurídica, como também pode ajudar nos processos judiciais em geral, ou seja, na preparação do julgamento e na sala de audiências durante a audiência.
  • Allison Stanfield. Cyber courts: using the Internet to assist court processes. Internet: www7.scu.edu.au> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
42. The author considers that the Internet is more useful in court processes than in facilitating legal research.
O autor considera que a Internet é mais útil em Processos Judiciais do que na facilitação de Pesquisa Legal.
  • "[...] Not only can the Internet assist in legal research, but it can also assist in court processes generally, that is, in trial preparation and in the courtroom throughout the hearing."
  • A Internet não só pode ajudar na Pesquisa Legal, como também pode ajudar nos processos judiciais em geral, ou seja, na preparação do julgamento e na sala de audiências durante a audiência.
>> "NOT ONLY ...., BUT ALSO" - Não apenas...., Mas também.

43. According to the text, the legal world should follow the example given by the business world as to the use of technology.
De acordo com o texto, o mundo jurídico deveria seguir o exemplo dado pelo mundo empresarial relativamente ao uso da tecnologia. 
44. In the first paragraph, the word "it"(R.2 and 3) refers to "technology" (R.2) both in "when it comes" (R.2) and in "it is more"(R.3).
No primeiro parágrafo, a palavra “isso” (R.2 e 3) refere-se à “tecnologia” (R.2) tanto em “quando chega” (R.2) como em “é mais” (R.3).

    PUC/Rio-2009 – VESTIBULAR – GRUPO 2 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – GABARITO.

    ❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

    • PUC/RIO-2009-GRUPO 2-VESTIBULAR-23/10/2008.

    www.puc-rio.br/vestibular
    ❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
     10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
     Text – | College kids and sleep | www.bbc.com |

     TEXTO:

    COLLEGE KIDS AND SLEEP

    1
    Here’s some unfortunate news for teenagers about to head off to college: New research being presented today at the annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies says that a morning person is apt to get better grades than a late riser. Researchers surveyed 824 college students enrolled in psychology classes about their sleep habits and daily functioning. Result: The better performers were not the ones who stayed up until the wee hours and slept till afternoon.
    2
    So what to do if you hate waking up in the morning? Use the summer to develop good sleep habits, and then minimize the damage come fall.
    3
    Be consistent. “The most important thing is try to maintain a consistent wake and bedtime in the summer,” suggests Daniel Taylor, assistant professor at the University of North Texas and one of the study’s authors. He’d advise going to bed most nights between 11 p.m. and midnight. If you do start turning in and getting up later once you’re at school, continue to be as regular as possible, says Ana Allen Gomes, a professor at the University of Aveiro in Portugal, who has researched college students’ sleeping patterns.
    4
    Become a morning person. At least two to three weeks before the semester starts, start training yourself. “The best way to do it is to wake yourself up successively earlier every few days, and get out in the sunlight,” says Taylor. The sunlight helps reset your internal clock.
    5
    Schedule classes with care. “A lot of kids turn into evening types when they go to college,” Taylor says. So don’t pick 8 a.m. classes just because you’re used to waking up early for high school.
    6
    Compensate. If you’re just not able to become an early riser, and do end up with early classes, plan some study time in the afternoon, when you’re less likely to be tired, Gomes suggests. And avoid studying all night so that you’re not exhausted in the morning.
    By January W. Payne
    Posted June 9, 2008 http://health.usnews.com/articles/health/sleep/2008/06/09/

     TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:

    COLLEGE KIDS AND SLEEP

    CRIANÇAS, FACULDADE E SONO

    Here’s some unfortunate news for teenagers about to head off to college: New research being presented today at the annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies says that a morning person is apt to get better grades than a late riser. Researchers surveyed 824 college students enrolled in psychology classes about their sleep habits and daily functioning. Result: The better performers were not the ones who stayed up until the wee hours and slept till afternoon. Aqui estão algumas notícias infelizes para os adolescentes que estão prestes a ir para a faculdade: uma nova pesquisa apresentada hoje na reunião anual da Associated Professional Sleep Societies diz que uma pessoa matutina tem maior probabilidade de obter notas melhores do que uma pessoa que acorda tarde. Os pesquisadores entrevistaram 824 estudantes universitários matriculados em aulas de psicologia sobre seus hábitos de sono e funcionamento diário. Resultado: os melhores desempenhos não foram aqueles que ficaram acordados até altas horas da madrugada e dormiram até a tarde.

    So what to do if you hate waking up in the morning? Use the summer to develop good sleep habits, and then minimize the damage come fall. Então, o que fazer se você odeia acordar de manhã? Aproveite o verão para desenvolver bons hábitos de sono e, em seguida, minimize os danos no outono.

    Be consistent. “The most important thing is try to maintain a consistent wake and bedtime in the summer,” suggests Daniel Taylor, assistant professor at the University of North Texas and one of the study’s authors. He’d advise going to bed most nights between 11 p.m. and midnight. If you do start turning in and getting up later once you’re at school, continue to be as regular as possible, says Ana Allen Gomes, a professor at the University of Aveiro in Portugal, who has researched college students’ sleeping patterns. Ser consistente. “O mais importante é tentar manter horários consistentes para acordar e dormir no verão”, sugere Daniel Taylor, professor assistente da Universidade do Norte do Texas e um dos autores do estudo. Ele aconselharia ir para a cama quase todas as noites entre 23h e 23h. e meia-noite. Se começar a dormir e a acordar mais tarde quando estiver na escola, continue a ser o mais regular possível, diz Ana Allen Gomes, professora da Universidade de Aveiro, em Portugal, que pesquisou os padrões de sono de estudantes universitários.

    Become a morning person. At least two to three weeks before the semester starts, start training yourself. “The best way to do it is to wake yourself up successively earlier every few days, and get out in the sunlight,” says Taylor. The sunlight helps reset your internal clock. Torne-se uma pessoa matinal. Pelo menos duas a três semanas antes do início do semestre, comece a treinar sozinho. “A melhor maneira de fazer isso é acordar sucessivamente mais cedo, a cada poucos dias, e sair ao sol”, diz Taylor. A luz solar ajuda a acertar o relógio interno.

    Schedule classes with care. “A lot of kids turn into evening types when they go to college,” Taylor says. So don’t pick 8 a.m. classes just because you’re used to waking up early for high school. Agende as aulas com cuidado. “Muitas crianças se transformam em tipos noturnos quando vão para a faculdade”, diz Taylor. Portanto, não escolha aulas às 8h só porque você está acostumado a acordar cedo para o ensino médio.

    Compensate. If you’re just not able to become an early riser, and do end up with early classes, plan some study time in the afternoon, when you’re less likely to be tired, Gomes suggests. And avoid studying all night so that you’re not exhausted in the morning. Compensar. Se você simplesmente não consegue acordar cedo e acaba tendo aulas cedo, planeje algum horário de estudo à tarde, quando é menos provável que você esteja cansado, sugere Gomes. E evite estudar a noite toda para não ficar exausto pela manhã.

    11  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    The main purpose of Text 1 is to:

    (A) explain why undergraduate students must avoid studying all night.
    (B) alert high school students to the dangers associated with college life.
    (C) criticize immature students who cannot adapt to rigid college routines.
    (D) examine in detail college problems that may affect students’ performance and health.
    (E) report on the results of a study that investigated students’ sleeping habits and academic performance.
    • ANSWER (E).
    • O principal objetivo do Texto 1 é:
    (A) explain why undergraduate students must avoid studying all night.
    • explicar por que os alunos de graduação devem evitar estudar a noite toda.
    (B) alert high school students to the dangers associated with college life.
    • alertar os alunos do ensino médio sobre os perigos associados à vida universitária.
    (C) criticize immature students who cannot adapt to rigid college routines.
    • criticar alunos imaturos que não conseguem se adaptar às rígidas rotinas universitárias.
    (D) examine in detail college problems that may affect students’ performance and health.
    • examinar em detalhes os problemas da faculdade que podem afetar o desempenho e a saúde dos alunos.
    (E) report on the results of a study that investigated students’ sleeping habits and academic performance.
    • relatar os resultados de um estudo que investigou os hábitos de sono e o desempenho acadêmico dos alunos.

    12  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    The fragment “Here’s some unfortunate news for teenagers about to head off to college” (line 1-2) introduces:

    (A) fair news for teenagers who are ready to quit college.
    (B) sad news for students about to go away from college.
    (C) unfavorable news for youngsters preparing to leave college.
    (D) regrettable news for teens who are ready to set out for college.
    (E) unexpected news for students who intend to drop out of college.
    • ANSWER (D).
    • O fragmento "Aqui está uma notícia infeliz para adolescentes prestes a ir para a faculdade" apresenta:
    (A) fair news for teenagers who are ready to quit college.
     uma notícia boa para os adolescentes que estão prontos para sair da faculdade.
    • "fair news"(notícia boa) e "unfortunate news"(notícia infeliz) expressam ideias opostas.
    • "are ready to quit college"(estão prontos para sair da faculdade) e "about to head off to college"(prestes a ir para a faculdade) expressam ideias diferentes.
    (B) sad news for students about to go away from college.
    • uma notícia triste para os alunos que estão prestes a deixar a faculdade.
    • "sad news"(notícia triste) e "unfortunate news"(notícia infeliz) são equivalentes.
    • "about to go away from college"(estão prestes a deixar a faculdade) e "about to head off to college"(prestes a ir para a faculdade) expressam ideias diferentes.
    (C) unfavorable news for youngsters preparing to leave college.
    • notícia desfavorável para os jovens que se preparam para sair da faculdade.
    • "unfavorable news"(notícia desfavorável) e "unfortunate news"(notícia infeliz) são equivalentes.
    • "preparing to leave college."(que se preparam para sair da faculdade.) e "about to head off to college"(prestes a ir para a faculdade) expressam ideias diferentes.
    (D) regrettable news for teens who are ready to set out for college.
    • notícia lamentável para os adolescentes que estão prontos para entrar na faculdade.
    • "regrettable news" e "unfortunate news" são equivalentes.
    • "are ready to set out for college"(estão prontos para entrar na faculdade) e "about to head off to college"(prestes a ir para a faculdade) expressam ideias equivalentes.
    (E) unexpected news for students who intend to drop out of college.
    • notícia inesperada para alunos que pretendem abandonar a faculdade.
    • "unexpected news" e "unfortunate news" não são equivalentes.
    • "intend to drop out of college"(que pretendem abandonar a faculdade.) e "about to head off to college"(prestes a ir para a faculdade) expressam ideias diferentes.

    13  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    “The better performers” (line 7) refers to the:


    (A) “Associated Professional Sleep Societies” (lines 3-4).
    (B) “researchers” (line 5).
    (C) “college students” (lines 5-6)
    (D) “psychology classes” (line 6)
    (E) “sleep habits” (lines 6-7)
    • ANSWER (C).

    14  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    According to the text, college students should:

    (A) avoid afternoon study hours by all means.
    (B) refrain from exposing themselves to sunlight.
    (C) make an effort to keep regular sleeping hours.
    (D) add to their schedules early classes in the morning.
    (E) develop new study habits and an evening routine of work.
    • ANSWER (C).
    De acordo com o texto, os estudantes universitários deveriam:
    (A) avoid afternoon study hours by all means. evitar o horário de estudo da tarde por todos os meios.
    (B) refrain from exposing themselves to sunlight. abster-se de se expor à luz solar.
    (C) make an effort to keep regular sleeping hours
    esforçar-se para manter horários regulares de sono.
    (D) add to their schedules early classes in the morning. acrescentar em seus horários aulas logo pela manhã.
    (E) develop new study habits and an evening routine of work. 
    desenvolver novos hábitos de estudo e uma rotina noturna de trabalho.

    15  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    Students are advised not to pick 8 a.m. college classes (line 30) because:

    (A) many of them fall into the habit of staying up late while in college.
    (B) they will not be able to wake up early after leaving high school.
    (C) college schedules are completely different from high school schedules.
    (D) undergraduates are never able to follow healthy sleeping habits.
    (E) high school kids enjoy waking up early, while college students do not.
    • ANSWER (A).
    Os alunos são aconselhados a não escolher as aulas da faculdade às 8h (linha 30) porque:
    (A) many of them fall into the habit of staying up late while in collegemuitos deles adquirem o hábito de ficar acordados até tarde durante a faculdade.
    (B) they will not be able to wake up early after leaving high school. eles não conseguirão acordar cedo após terminarem o ensino médio.
    (C) college schedules are completely different from high school schedules. os horários da faculdade são completamente diferentes dos horários do ensino médio.
    (D) undergraduates are never able to follow healthy sleeping habits. os estudantes de graduação nunca conseguem seguir hábitos saudáveis de sono.
    (E) high school kids enjoy waking up early, while college students do not. 
    os alunos do ensino médio gostam de acordar cedo, enquanto os universitários não.

    16  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    The research described in Text 1:

    (A) was conducted by the Associated Professional Sleep Societies.
    (B) was carried out by college professors from different universities.
    (C) was requested by college students who wanted to improve their grades.
    (D) involved 824 college students who were learning about sleep habits.
    (E) surveyed Portuguese undergraduates studying different subjects.
    • ANSWER (B).
    A pesquisa descrita no Texto 1:
    (A) was conducted by the Associated Professional Sleep Societies. foi conduzida pelas Associated Professional Sleep Societies.
    (B) was carried out by college professors from different universitiesfoi realizada por professores universitários de diferentes universidades.
    (C) was requested by college students who wanted to improve their grades. foi solicitada por estudantes universitários que queriam melhorar suas notas.
    (D) involved 824 college students who were learning about sleep habits. envolveu 824 estudantes universitários que estavam aprendendo sobre hábitos de sono.
    (E) surveyed Portuguese undergraduates studying different subjects. 
    inquiriu estudantes portugueses de diferentes disciplinas.

     POSTS: The posts below were written in response to TEXT 1. Read them and answer the following questions.

    Post A
    I am not a morning person at all and personally as a student I don’t think just because you’re a morning person you get better grades. I always get the best grades in my classes later in the day compared to my morning classes. I think people learn better depending on the time of day and how awake they are. What is wrong with taking a class in the evening and having the advantage of being more awake?
                                                 of NY - Jun 12, 2008 22:14:27 PM
    Post B
    I am a night person. I work at night and I have all my classes at night. I find the schedule perfect, as it is what I dreamed about since high school, during all those times I woke up late and did not want to go to school. I still believe all my ranting and raving about only crazy people getting up at the crack of dawn. Night owls rejoice! Once you get out of high school, you realize that learning does not need to happen in the day. As for the memory retention, I find that as long as I get my nine hours of sleep during the day, I can be totally focused and remember what I learn in school and at work perfectly fine. I would like to know about other people though.
                                                  of NV - Jul 19, 2008 01:11:55 AM
    Post C
    Night person at school, OK, but what happens once you get a real job?
    If you enjoy staying up late and taking afternoon/evening classes, that is perfectly fine, however, once you get a job you will probably find it more difficult to convince your boss/company that you can maintain the same behavior. Depending on your job you will probably have to be at work between 8 or 9 in the morning. Certainly night shifts and flexible hours do exist, but most business is conducted between 8 am and 5 pm. It might be wise to consider an ideal job situation and adjust your morning routine based on what is required.
                                         Joe S. of IL - Jul 31, 2008 07:23:20 AM
     TRADUÇÃO-POSTS:

    Post A  Postagem A
    I am not a morning person at all and personally as a student I don’t think just because you’re a morning person you get better grades. I always get the best grades in my classes later in the day compared to my morning classes. I think people learn better depending on the time of day and how awake they are. What is wrong with taking a class in the evening and having the advantage of being more awake? Não sou uma pessoa matutina e, pessoalmente, como estudante, não acho que só porque você é uma pessoa matutina você tira notas melhores. Sempre obtenho as melhores notas nas minhas aulas no final do dia, em comparação com as aulas da manhã. Acho que as pessoas aprendem melhor dependendo da hora do dia e do quão despertas estão. O que há de errado em fazer aula à noite e ter a vantagem de estar mais acordado? de NY - 12 de junho de 2008 22h14min27s                                            of NY - Jun 12, 2008 22:14:27 PM
    de NY - 12 de junho de 2008 22h14min27s

    Post B  Postagem B
    I am a night person. I work at night and I have all my classes at night. I find the schedule perfect, as it is what I dreamed about since high school, during all those times I woke up late and did not want to go to school. I still believe all my ranting and raving about only crazy people getting up at the crack of dawn. Night owls rejoice! Once you get out of high school, you realize that learning does not need to happen in the day. As for the memory retention, I find that as long as I get my nine hours of sleep during the day, I can be totally focused and remember what I learn in school and at work perfectly fine. I would like to know about other people though.
     Eu sou uma pessoa noturna. Eu trabalho à noite e tenho todas as minhas aulas à noite. Acho o horário perfeito, pois é com o que sonhei desde o ensino médio, em todos aqueles momentos em que acordava tarde e não queria ir para a escola. Eu ainda acredito em todos os meus discursos e delírios sobre apenas pessoas malucas que acordam de madrugada. Os noctívagos alegrem-se! Depois de terminar o ensino médio, você percebe que o aprendizado não precisa acontecer durante o dia. Quanto à retenção de memória, acho que, desde que eu durma nove horas durante o dia, posso estar totalmente concentrado e lembrar perfeitamente o que aprendo na escola e no trabalho. Eu gostaria de saber sobre outras pessoas.                                       of NV - Jul 19, 2008 01:11:55 AM
    de NV - 19 de julho de 2008 01:11:55
    Post C Postagem C
    Night person at school, OK, but what happens once you get a real job?
    If you enjoy staying up late and taking afternoon/evening classes, that is perfectly fine, however, once you get a job you will probably find it more difficult to convince your boss/company that you can maintain the same behavior. Depending on your job you will probably have to be at work between 8 or 9 in the morning. Certainly night shifts and flexible hours do exist, but most business is conducted between 8 am and 5 pm. It might be wise to consider an ideal job situation and adjust your morning routine based on what is required. Pessoa noturna na escola, ok, mas o que acontece quando você consegue um emprego de verdade?
    Se você gosta de ficar acordado até tarde e ter aulas à tarde/noite, tudo bem, porém, depois de conseguir um emprego, provavelmente terá mais dificuldade em convencer seu chefe/empresa de que pode manter o mesmo comportamento. Dependendo do seu trabalho, você provavelmente terá que estar no trabalho entre 8 ou 9 da manhã. Certamente existem turnos noturnos e horários flexíveis, mas a maior parte dos negócios é realizada entre 8h e 17h. Pode ser sensato considerar uma situação de trabalho ideal e ajustar sua rotina matinal com base no que for necessário.

    17  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    If you get up at the “crack of dawn” (Post B, line 18) you are a/an:

    (A) night owl.
    (B) early riser.
    (C) insomniac.
    (D) late sleeper.
    (E) evening person.
    • ANSWER (B).
    If you get up at the “crack of dawn” (Post B, line 18) you are a/an:
    Se você acordar de madrugada (Posto B, linha 18) você é:
    (A) night owl. coruja noturna.
    (B) early risermadrugador.
    (C) insomniac. insone
    (D) late sleeper. dorme tarde.
    (E) evening person. 
    pessoa da noite.

    18  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    “Once” in lines 18 (Post B) and 31 (Post C) means:

    (A) just.
    (B) as soon as.
    (C) occasionally.
    (D) all of a sudden.
    (E) in case.
    • ANSWER (B).
    “Once” in lines 18 (Post B) and 31 (Post C) means:
    “Uma vez” nas linhas 18 (Post B) e 31 (Post C) significa:
    (A) just. apenas.
    (B) as soon asassim que.
    (C) occasionally. ocasionalmente.
    (D) all of a sudden. de repente.
    (E) in case. 
    no caso.

    19  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    Check the correct information about the comments posted and their writers.

    (A) Post A writer claims that people learn better soon after waking up in the morning.
    (B) Post B writer states that you must have a nine-hour sleep to memorize what you study.
    (C) Post C writer warns that companies never hire people who cannot function in the morning.
    (D) Writers of Posts A and B argue that night persons can have a good academic performance.
    (E) Writers of Posts A and C say that they are students.
    • ANSWER (D).
    Verifique as informações corretas sobre os comentários postados e seus redatores.
    (A) Post A writer claims that people learn better soon after waking up in the morning. escritor da postagem A afirma que as pessoas aprendem melhor logo depois de acordar pela manhã.
    (B) Post B writer states that you must have a nine-hour sleep to memorize what you study. O redator da postagem B afirma que você deve dormir nove horas para memorizar o que estuda.
    (C) Post C writer warns that companies never hire people who cannot function in the morning. O redator do Post C alerta que as empresas nunca contratam pessoas que não possam trabalhar pela manhã.
    (D) Writers of Posts A and B argue that night persons can have a good academic performance. Os redatores dos Posts A e B defendem que pessoas noturnas podem ter um bom desempenho acadêmico.
    (E) Writers of Posts A and C say that they are students. 
    Os redatores dos Posts A e C dizem que são estudantes.

    20  (PUC/Rio-2009-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2)

    Mark the statement that expresses advice.

    (A) “Use the summer to develop good sleep habits” (Text 1, line 11).
    (B) “The sunlight helps reset your internal clock” (Text 1, line 27).
    (C) “I think people learn better depending on the time of day” (Post A, lines 6-7).
    (D) “Once you get out of high school, you realize that learning does not need to happen in the day” (Post B, lines 18-20).
    (E) “…however, once you get a job you will probably find it more difficult to convince your boss/company that you can maintain the same behavior” (Post C, lines 31-33).
    • ANSWER (A).