CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA–2014–EXAME DE ADMISSÃO–LÍNGUA INGLESA–ESCOLA PREPARATÓRIA DE CADETES DO AR–PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CPCAR-2014-LÍNGUA INGLESA.

https://www2.fab.mil.br/epcar

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 16 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.
• Text (1) – | WHAT IS OFFSHORE ENGLISH? | www.usinaenalish.com |
• Text (2) – | LEARN ENGLISH ONLINE: HOW THE INTERNET IS CHANGING LANGUAGE| www.bbc.com |

❑  GABARITO: Answer questions 01 to 08 according to TEXT I.

WHAT IS OFFSHORE ENGLISH?

Offshore English is a term used by many people for International English (I). It is the English spoken and written by non-native speakers in International communication (II). Many in business are starting to worry that native speakers are actually at a disadvantage in international communication. A good example of this situation was when a company tried to sell flight simulators to South Korea, where a French company won the contract because the buyers found it easier to understand the English that the French people spoke than the English spoken by the British company.
            
Many native English speakers feel little necessity to learn foreign languages, so they often don’t understand the difficulties and problems learners have. They also don't see (1) the need to modify their language for a foreign audience, so they use (2) idioms, synonyms, colloquialisms, phrasal verbs, etc, and don't think (3) of the impact this has (4) on a foreign businessperson.
           
The English studied by non-native speakers tends to use a more simple vocabulary, and considering the similarities in courses in many parts of the world, emphasized by a small number of course books (Headway Series) and the domination of a few examinations, for example TOEFL, etc. This means that non-native speakers from different countries and cultures sometimes understand each other more easily than the native speaker. Few native speakers outside the world of ESL (English as a Second language) teaching have much idea of what non-native learners assimilate, and think that as their English is native speaker levei, they speak it better than their non-native counterparts. Because of this, companies are offering courses in Offshore English to native speakers to train them to speak the type of English that will make it easier for non- native speakers to understand. So they will gain more contracts.

Adapted from

htto://www.usinaenalish.com/

articles/what-offshore-enalish.html

Acessado em 14/03/2013

Glossary:

Foreign: estrangeiro
Businessperson: homem/ mulher de negócios
Counterpart: seu semelhante
To win: ganhar, vencer
Disadvantage: desvantagem
Outside: do lado de fora
Level: nível

01 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) According to the text,

a) French people don't know English language very well.
b) South Koreans understood perfectly the company’s language.
c) the British company did not speak an easy understanding English.
d) flight simulators are designed in many different languages.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

02 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) We can say that Headway (line 22) is a

a) course book.
b) successful course.
c) dominant examination.
d) program.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

03 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) After reading the text, we conclude that

a) learners think that it is more difficult to learn English than French.
b) non-native speakers use less idioms, synonyms, etc to talk to native ones.
c) English companies are not so famous as British ones.
d) it's easier to understand the type of English the non- native speakers communicate.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

04 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) The pronoun that best substitutes the underlined words in the sentence ...

• "the buyers found it easier..."(line 9) is

a) you

b) he
c) they
d) we

     Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - SUBJECT PRONOUN (Pronome Sujeito) é um pronome sujeito que substituí um termo contextual que funciona como sujeito na oração (sujeito + verbo + objeto) :
*Alternativa (A): you (pronome na 2ª pessoa)
*Alternativa (B): he (pronome no singular)
*Alternativa (C): they (pronome no plural, na 3ª pessoa)
*Alternativa (D): we(pronome no plural, na 1ª pessoa)
*EXPRESSÃO CONTEXTUAL: THE BUYERS (sujeito da oração, no PLURAL e na 3ª pessoa).
*PRONOME CONTEXTUAL que substitui a expressão contextual ➜ they(pronome sujeito na 3ª pessoa do plural).

• "[...] A good example of this situation was when a company tried to sell flight simulators to South Korea, where a French company won the contract because the buyers found it easier to understand the English that the French people spoke than the English spoken by the British company."
• Um bom exemplo dessa situação foi quando uma empresa tentou vender simuladores de vôo para a Coréia do Sul, onde uma empresa francesa ganhou o contrato porque OS COMPRADORES o acharam mais fácil entender o inglês que o povo francês falava do que o inglês falado pela empresa britânica.

05 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) The underlined word in the sentence

• "... native speakers to train them to speak ..."

refers to
a) native speakers.

b) courses in Offshore English.
c) the kind of English.
d) Offshore English.
     Gabarito    A  
TÓPICO - OBJECT PRONOUN(Pronome Objeto ➜ me-you-him-her-it-us-you-them) é um pronome OBJETO que substituí um termo contextual que funciona como objeto do VP na oração (sujeito + verbo + objeto) - Nesta questão é dado o PRONOME CONTEXTUAL e pede-se o TERMO CONTEXTUAL:
*Alternativa (A): native speakers.(no plural e sujeito do "to train")
*Alternativa (B): courses in Offshore English.(no plural mas não o sujeito do "to train")
*Alternativa (C): the kind of English.(termo no singular)
*Alternativa (D): Offshore English.(termo no singular)
*PRONOME CONTEXTUAL: THEM (plural na 3ªpp, objeto de um VP).
*EXPRESSÃO CONTEXTUAL: native speakers.(sujeito no plural do "to train".)
*THEM → native speakers.

• "[...] Because of this, companies are offering courses in Offshore English to native speakers to train them to speak the type of English that will make it easier for non- native speakers to understand."
• Por isso, as empresas estão oferecendo cursos de inglês offshore para falantes nativos treiná-los a falar o tipo de inglês que facilitará o entendimento de pessoas não nativas.

06 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014)

• "Native speakers are at a disadvantage in international communication".

The negative form of this sentence is "Native speakers ....... at a disadvantage in international communication".

a) not are
b) isn’t
c) do not are
d) aren’t
     Comentários e Gabarito   D  
TÓPICO - FORMA NEGATIVA NO SIMPLE PRESENT(don't - doesn't) ou (be+not) :
"Native speakers are at a disadvantage in international communication" →
"Native speakers aren't at a disadvantage in international communication"
*Alternativa (A): not are.(erro de inversão)
*Alternativa (B): isn’t.(erro de concondância)
*Alternativa (C): do not are.(erro de estrutura)
*Alternativa (D): aren’t

07 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) Consider the underlined verbs (1 to 4) in the text. Mark the alternative in which they are changed into the Simple Past Tense.

They are, respectively,

a) did not see / use / did not thought / had.
b) not saw / did use / not thought / did had.
c) did not saw / used / did think / have.
d) didn’t see / used / didn’t think / had.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

08 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) Select the question(s) that have (has) answer(s) in the sentences I and II (linaker use Offshore English?(Lines 1 - 4).

I.   How does the speaker use Offshore English?

II.  Who speaks Offshore English?

III. What is the term Offshore Englishthe right option.IV.  Why is Offshore English spoken and written?

a) Only II and III.
b) Only I.
c) Only IV.
d) Only I, II and IV.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

➧ TEXT II: Answer questions 09 to 16 according to TEXT II.

LEARN ENGLISH ONLINE: HOW THE INTERNET IS CHANGING LANGUAGE

Online, English is now a common language for users from around the world. In the process, the language itself is changing. Noah Webster thought that a common language brings people together and helps create a new identity. Webster’s dictionary, now is in its 11th edition, adopted the Americanized orthography familiar today “-er” in place of “-re” in theatre, not using the “u” from colour, losing one “I” in traveller, and listed new words for example, skunk and squash.
            
The Internet is creating a similar language evolution, but at a much faster velocity. Some linguists anticipate that in 10 years English will dominate the Internet, but in very different forms. That’s because people who speak English as a second language are more in number than native speakers. And they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers, particularly on the Internet where people don't pay so much attention to grammar and orthography and users don’t have to preoccupy about their way of speaking.
           
Users of Facebook. for example. in a number of different “Englishes" including Indian English, or Hinglish, Spanglish (Spanish English) and Konglish (Korean English). For a long time, these variations existed in individual cultures, but now they are expanding and becoming popular online. “On the Internet ali that is important is that people can communicate - nobody has a right to tell them what the language has to be,” says Baron.
            
The intensification of the use of the Internet in everyday life means that language online is not a zero result game. On the contrary, it permits multiple languages to show up and they are mixing into English that is becoming the world's lingua franca.

AdaDted from

http://www.bbc.com/

news/magazine-20332763

Acessado em 25/03/2013

Glossary:
To lose: perder, retirar
Lingua franca: idioma usado globalmente para a comunicação

09 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) Choose the option that completes the blank in the text.

a) is using

c) uses
b) are socializing
d) socializes

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

10 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) According to the text,

a) more and more people are communicating on the net in English.
b) the Internet language is really difficult to understand.
c) linguists say that many languages will dominated the net.
d) people speak languages in a very fast way.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

11 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) The text says that

a) grammar and spelling are important when talking on the net.
b) words like skunk, squash are very old in English language.
c) the Webster^ changed as much as the English language did.
d) the English language is creating more native speakers.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

12 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) In the Webster^ dictionary, the words theatre, colour and traveller

a) are now written the same way.
b) changed their orthography to one more common in Britain.
c) don’t exist anymore.
d) were adapted to American orthography.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

13 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) Read the word in italics in the text. The expression “Englishesf (line 22)

is related to

a) the second language that users of Facebook speak.
b) the kinds of English speakers around the world use.
c) the different languages people speak in many cultures.
d) the English speakers study to chat on the Internet.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

14 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014)

• “Websterts dictionary is now in its 11th edition.”

The full form of the underlined item is

a) eleven.
c) eleventh.
b) eleventy.
d) elevent.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

15 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) The comparative form of the underlined word in the sentence

• “Webster’s dictionary [...] adopted the American orthography familiar today” (lines 6 and 7)

is

a) most familiar.
b) more familiar than.

c) the most familiar.
d) the more familiar.

 👍   Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - THE COMPARATIVE FORM - Comparativo de Superioridade com adjetivos longos (Long Adjectives) - "MORE FAMILIAR THAN": 

➭ ESTRUTURA GERAL: more [long Adjective] than.

➭ EXEMPLOS: more familiar than, more beautiful than, more expensive than.

16 – (CPCAR/AERONÁUTICA-2014) Mark the option in which only one question is grammatically correct.

a) Did English became the world's lingua franca? (lines 33 and 34)
b) Is multiple languages mixing into English? (lines 32 and 33)
c) Do they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers? (lines 16 and 17)
d) They are expanding and becoming popular online? (lines 26 and 27)

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO & VOCABULÁRIO:

AFA – 2016 – CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS (Aviador/Infantaria/Intendente) – ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA – PROVA COM GABARITO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• AFA-2016-CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF-CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS (Aviador/Infantaria/Intendente) – ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA-26/07/2015.

www.fab.mil.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 16 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO 1: Answer questions 33 to 48 according to the text.

❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FRIENDS AND TYPES OF FRIENDSHIP

Everyone has at least one best friend, some maybe even more. There are also those people who are just friends and also arch-enemies. People may think that just because they are your friends it means that they are your best friend. The thing is, even though they are your friend, the relationship between a best friend and a friend is different. Either way regardless of archenemies, friends or best friends, there are not many ways to compare any of these different types of friends, but you can easily contrast them from one another.

       
Arch-enemies often know more about each other than two friends. In a comparison of personal relationships, friendship is considered to be closer than association, although a wide range of degrees of intimacy exists in friendships, arch-enemies, and associations. Friendship and association can be thought of as spanning across the same continuum. The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology. Even animals have familiars! Various academic theories of friendship have been proposed, among which are social exchange theory, equity theory, relational dialectics, and attachment styles. In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend'.
       
These friendships, however, make up in intensity what they lack in number. Friends are entitled to call each other by their first names alone, and to use diminutives. A customary example of polite behavior is addressing "acquaintances" by full first name plus their patronymic. These could include relationships which elsewhere would be qualified as real friendships, such as workplace relationships of long standing, or neighbors with whom one shares an occasional meal or a social drink with.
        
Also in the Middle East and Central Asia, male friendships, while less restricted than in Russia, tend to be reserved and respectable in nature. They may use nicknames and diminutive forms of their first names. In countries like India, it is believed in some parts that friendship is a form of respect, not born out of fear or superiority. Friends are people who are equal in most standards, but still respect each other regardless of their attributes or shortcomings. Most of the countries previously mentioned (Russia, Asia, and even the Middle East) and even our own nation are suffering a decline in genuine friendships.
        
According to a study documented in the June 2006 issue of the Journal American Sociological Review, Americans are thought to be suffering a loss in the quality and quantity of close friendships since at least 1985. The study's results state that twenty-five percent of Americans have no close confidants, and the average total number of confidants per citizen has dropped from four to two. According to the study, Americans' dependence on family as a safety net went up from fiftyseven percent to eighty percent; Americans dependence on a partner or spouse went up from five percent to nine percent.
        
Recent studies have found a link between fewer friendships, especially in quality, and psychological and  physiological regression. In the sequence of the emotional development of the individual, friendships come after parental bonding and before the pair bonding engaged in at the approach of maturity. In the intervening period between the end of early childhood and the onset of full adulthood, friendships are often the most important relationships in the emotional life of the adolescent, and are often more intense than relationships experienced later in life.

        
Unfortunately, making friends seems to trouble many of people. Having no friends can be emotionally damaging for all ages, from young children to full grown adults. A study performed by researchers from Purdue University found that post-secondary-education friendships, college and university last longer than the friendships before it. Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however. With time, moderation and proper instruction, they are able to form friendships after realizing their own strengths and weaknesses.
        
There is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link, including that; Good friends encourage their friends to lead more healthy lifestyles; Good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services, when needed; Good friends enhance their friend’s coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems; and/or Good friends actually affect physiological pathways that are protective of health.

Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and archenemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives.

(Adapted from: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/therelationship-between-friends-and-types-of-friendship-philosophyessay.php)

33 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend' "(lines 23-24)

means that

a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend.
b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia.
c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all are trustful.
d) the status of 'friend' in Russia shows how much one is respected.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

"In Russia, one typically bestows very few people the status of 'friend' ""Na Rússia, normalmente concede-se a muito poucas pessoas o status de 'amigo'" (linhas 23-24)

significa que

a) if you go to Russia you won't find a best friend. se você for para a Rússia não encontrará um melhor amigo.
b) a friendly person is a recognized authority in Russia. uma pessoa amiga é uma autoridade reconhecida na Rússia.
c) you may have lots of close friends in Russia, but not all are trustful. você pode ter muitos amigos próximos na Rússia, mas nem todos são confiáveis.
d) the status of 'friend' in Russia shows how much one is respected. o status de “amigo” na Rússia mostra o quanto alguém é respeitado.

34 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option that shows the same meaning as in

"Americans have no close confidants" (line 52).

a) Americans do have not any close confidants.
b) Americans not have any close confidants.
c) Americans haven't any close confidants.
d) Americans do not have any close confidants.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

• REMEMBER: have no = don't have any.

35 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The first paragraph

a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends.
b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends.
c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works.
d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

O primeiro parágrafo

a) compares the tasks individuals have when friends. compara as tarefas que os indivíduos realizam quando são amigos.
b) states that friendship is ruled by the amount of friends. afirma que a amizade é regida pela quantidade de amigos.
c) makes an outline concerning the way friendship works. faz um esboço sobre como funciona a amizade.
d) means that you cannot tell arch-enemies apart. significa que você não pode distinguir os arquiinimigos.

36 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"Socially crippling conditions" (line 78) refers to

a) college and university atmosphere.
b) Asperger and autism children.
c) post-secondary-education friendships.
d) researchers and friends.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

"Socially crippling conditions" "Condições socialmente incapacitantes"(line 78) refere-se a

a) college and university atmosphere. ambiente de faculdade e universidade.
b) Asperger and autism children. Crianças Asperger e autistas.
c) post-secondary-education friendships. amizades do ensino pós-secundário.
d) researchers and friends. pesquisadores e amigos.

37 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option that is closest in meaning to

"Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of people" (lines 70-71).

a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of people.
b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of people.
c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of people.
d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of people.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Marque a opção que tem o significado mais próximo de

"Unfortunately making friends seems to trouble many of people" (Infelizmente, fazer amigos parece incomodar muitas pessoas).

a) Unfortunately making friends seems to annoy many of people. Infelizmente, fazer amigos parece incomodar muitas pessoas.
b) Unfortunately making friends seems to change many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece mudar muitas pessoas.
c) Unfortunately making friends seems to delight many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece encantar muita gente.
d) Unfortunately making friends seems to comply many of people. Infelizmente fazer amigos parece agradar a muitas pessoas.

38 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Mark the option which shows the same meaning as in

"Americans' dependence on family" (lines 54-55).

a) The family's dependence on Americans'.
b) The Americans family dependence.
c) The Americans dependence of family's.
d) The dependence of Americans on family.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Marque a opção que mostra o mesmo significado que em

"Americans' dependence on family" (Dependência dos americanos da família).

a) The family's dependence on Americans'. A dependência da família dos americanos.
b) The Americans family dependence. A dependência familiar dos americanos
c) The Americans dependence of family's. A dependência dos americanos da família.
d) The dependence of Americans on family. A dependência dos americanos da família.

39 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

According to the last paragraph

a) every human being is the same in many ways.
b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life.
c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together.
d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of them.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o último parágrafo

a) every human being is the same in many ways. todo ser humano é igual em muitos aspectos.
b) one is able to have only friends and arch-enemies in life. só se pode ter amigos e arquiinimigos na vida.
c) even tough friends are equal, they differ when together. mesmo amigos difíceis são iguais, eles diferem quando estão juntos.
d) despite friendship vary, one will always have each of them. apesar da amizade variar, sempre se terá cada um deles.

40 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

According to the information in the fourth and fifth paragraphs

a) the quality of American close friendships have been decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity.
b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their dependence on a partner or spouse.
c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries such as Russia and Asia.
d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of respect, fear and superiority standards.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com as informações do quarto e quinto parágrafos

a) the quality of American close friendships have been decreasing since the 1980's despite its quantity. a qualidade das amizades íntimas americanas tem diminuído desde a década de 1980, apesar da sua quantidade.
b) American's dependence on family is not as big as their dependence on a partner or spouse. A dependência dos americanos da família não é tão grande quanto a dependência do companheiro ou cônjuge.
c) real friendships have been decreasing in some countries such as Russia and Asia. as amizades verdadeiras têm diminuído em alguns países como a Rússia e a Ásia.
d) in Middle East and Central Asia, friends born out of respect, fear and superiority standards. no Médio Oriente e na Ásia Central, amigos nascidos de padrões de respeito, medo e superioridade.

41 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however" (lines 80-81).

The option that replaces the highlighted expression is

(A) so.
(B) though.
(C) thus.
(D) most likely.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Question that addresses the contextual use of conjunctions.

◼ (A) so.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

- so - thus - hence - therefore.

◼ (B) though.(contudo - transmite ideia de contraste.

- THOUGH  no final de sentença pode ser substituído por 'but', 'however'.
◼ (C) thus.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

◼ (D) most likely.(o mais provável - transmite ideia de possibilidade ou probabilidade).

➦ VALOR SEMÂNTICO da conjunção "however" ➜ expressa ideia de 'contraste' ou seja, é usada para contrastar uma sentença que acabou de ser dita.
➦ O uso do "though" no final de frase ENFATIZA ou EXPRESSA SURPRESA na última oração.
"[...] Children with Asperger syndrome and autism usually have some difficulty forming friendships. Socially crippling conditions like these are just one way that the social world is so difficult to thrive in. This does not mean that they are not able to form friendships, however."
(Crianças com síndrome de Asperger e autismo geralmente têm alguma dificuldade em formar amizades. Condições socialmente incapacitantes como essas são apenas uma das maneiras pelas quais o mundo social é tão difícil de se desenvolver. Isso não significa que elas não sejam capazes de formar amizades, no entanto.)
➦PAY ATTENTION:
1) THOUGH em final de sentença pode ser substituído por HOWEVER.

2) Os 3 grupos de contraste:

• But - However - Nevertheless - Nonetheless -  Notwithstanding.

• Though - Although - Even though - While - Whereas ➜ seguido de SUJEITO+ VERBO.

• Despite(apesar de), zero sujeito e seguido de gerúndio: Despite - In spite of.

42 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the best option to complete the active form of the sentence:

“The study of friendship is included in the fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology” (lines 17 to 19).

The fields of sociology, social psychology, anthropology, philosophy, and zoology ________ the study of friendship.

a) Include
b) have included 
c) are including
d) have been including

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

43 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the option which shows the same kind of comparison in the underlined adjective in

“friendship is considered to be closer than association” (lines 13-14).

a) Americans have no best friends.
b) While less restricted in Russia.
c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship.
d) Everyone has at least one best friend.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Escolha a opção que mostra o mesmo tipo de comparação no adjetivo sublinhado em “friendship is considered to be closer than association” (a amizade é considerada mais próxima do que a associaçã).

a) Americans have no best friends. Os americanos não têm melhores amigos.
b) While less restricted in Russia. Embora menos restrito na Rússia.
c) Friendships are often more intense than relationship. As amizades costumam ser mais intensas que os relacionamentos.
d) Everyone has at least one best friend. Todo mundo tem pelo menos um melhor amigo.

44 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

"Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives" (lines 95-96).

The option that contains a synonym for the underlined expression is

(A) nevertheless.
(B) due to.
(C) therefore.
(D) although.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Question that addresses the contextual use of conjunctions.

◼ (A) nevertheless.(contudo - transmite ideia de contraste)

◼ (B) due to.(devido a - transmite ideia de causa)

◼ (C) therefore.(portanto - transmite ideia de consequência)

◼ (D) although.(apesar de - transmite ideia de contraste)

• VALOR SEMÂNTICO da conjunção "Nonetheless"(não obstante) ➜ expressa ideia de 'contraste' ou seja, é usada para contrastar uma sentença que acabou de ser dita.

"[...] Regardless of what we think, we can clearly see that there are some ways that friends, best friends and archenemies are the same, but in the end they are clearly more different. Nonetheless we all have every single type in our lives."
(Independentemente do que pensamos, podemos ver claramente que existem algumas maneiras pelas quais amigos, melhores amigos e arquiinimigos são os mesmos, mas no final eles são claramente mais diferentes. No entanto, todos nós temos todos os tipos em nossas vidas.)

➦ PAY ATTENTION(Os 3 grupos de contraste):

• But - However - Nevertheless - Nonetheless -  Notwithstanding.

• Though - Although - Even though - While - Whereas ➜ seguido de SUJEITO+ VERBO.

• Despite(apesar de), zero sujeito e seguido de gerúndio: Despite - In spite of.

45 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

Choose the option that shows the sentence

“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services” (lines 86 to 88)

in the indirect speech form.

a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends to seek help and access services.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Choose the option that shows the sentence

“good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services” (lines 86 to 88)

in the indirect speech form.

a) The text told good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
b) The text said us that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
c) The text told that good friends encourage their friends to seek help and access services.
d) The text said that good friends encouraged their friends to seek help and access services.

46 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

“Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems” (lines 88 to 90).

The highlighted word has the same meaning as in

a) engrave.
b) entreat.
c) enlighten.
d) enlist.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

“Good friends enhance their friend's coping skills in dealing with illness and other health problems” (Bons amigos melhoram as capacidades dos seus amigos para lidar com doenças e outros problemas de saúde).

A palavra destacada tem o mesmo significado que em

a) engrave. gravar.
b) entreat. suplicar.
c) enlighten. esclarecer.
d) enlist. alistar-se.

47 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

The expression “coping skills” (line 89) is closest in meaning to

a) the capability to give up something.
b) the ability to manage something.
c) the position to resent something.
d) the condition to resign from something.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

A expressão “coping skills” (habilidades de enfrentamento) tem o significado mais próximo de

a) the capability to give up something. a capacidade de desistir de algo.
b) the ability to manage something. a capacidade de gerenciar algo.
c) the position to resent something. a posição de se ressentir de algo.
d) the condition to resign from something. a condição de renunciar a algo.

48 – (AFA/CFO-2016-ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA)

In the sentence

“there is a number of theories that attempt to explain the link” (lines 84-85),

it is possible to find an option to substitute the pronoun accordingly in

a) when.
b) how.
c) whom.
d) which.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO: