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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
- FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS MÉDICAS DA SANTA CASA DE SÃO PAULO-VESTIBULAR-2018-1ºSEMESTRE-MEDICINA-03/11/17.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
- 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto (1) – Dawn of the pre-tiree: What to call the time of life between work and old age? To get the most out of longer lives, another age category is needed – www.economist.com.
- Texto (2) – Unexpected effects of nutrition – www.nature.com.
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ PROVA: Leia o texto para responder às questões de 01 a 05.
Dawn of the pre-tiree:
What to call the time of life between work and old age?
To get the most out of longer lives, another age category is needed
What to call the time of life between work and old age?
To get the most out of longer lives, another age category is needed
1 What do you call someone who is over 65 but not yet elderly? This stage of life, between work and decrepitude, lacks a name. "Geriactives" errs too much on the side of senescence1 . "Nightcappers" risks being patronising. Perhaps "Nyppies"(Not Yet Past It) or "Owls"(Older, Working Less, Still earning) ring truer. Branding an age category might sound like a frivolous exercise. But life stages are primarily social constructs, and history shows that their emergence can trigger deep changes in attitudes.
2 Before 1800 no country in the world had an average life
expectancy at birth beyond 40. Today there is not a country
that does not. Since 1900, more years have been added to
human life than in the rest of history combined, initially by
reducing child mortality and lately by stretching lifespans.
Longevity is one of humanity's great accomplishments. Yet it
is seen as one of society's great headaches. The problem lies
in the increasing dependency of the old on the young. As the
world greys, growth, tax revenues and workforces will decline
while spending on pensions and health care will increase. So,
at least, goes the orthodoxy.
3 Doom-mongers2
tend to miss a bigger point, however.
Those extra years of life are predominantly healthy ones.
Too many governments and firms fail to recognize this fact.
A more radical approach would start by acknowledging that,
in the rich world at least, many of the old are still young and
active. They want to work, but more flexibly. They want to
spend money, too.
4 Declaring a new stage of life could help change perceptions. It has done so before. Today’s conception of childhood emerged in the 19th century, paving the way for child-protection laws and a golden age of children’s literature. Spotty, awkward 15-year-olds predated the 1940s, but only then did mystified adults coin the label "teenagers", fuelling all sorts of products and services, from bobby socks to the music industry. In 1944 Life wrote that “American businessmen, many of whom have teen-age daughters, have only recently begun to realise that teen-agers make up a big and special market.” So, as life becomes longer, the word “retirement”, which literally means withdrawal to a place of seclusion, has become misleading. At 65 you are not clapped out, but pretired.
4 Declaring a new stage of life could help change perceptions. It has done so before. Today’s conception of childhood emerged in the 19th century, paving the way for child-protection laws and a golden age of children’s literature. Spotty, awkward 15-year-olds predated the 1940s, but only then did mystified adults coin the label "teenagers", fuelling all sorts of products and services, from bobby socks to the music industry. In 1944 Life wrote that “American businessmen, many of whom have teen-age daughters, have only recently begun to realise that teen-agers make up a big and special market.” So, as life becomes longer, the word “retirement”, which literally means withdrawal to a place of seclusion, has become misleading. At 65 you are not clapped out, but pretired.
(www.economist.com, 06.07.2017. Adaptado.)
- Senescence: the condition or process of deterioration with age.
- Doom-monger: a person who predicts disaster
(A) stretched lifespans have generated increasingly extra undesirable public spendings worldwide.
(B) a new age group should be created if we are to maximize the potential benefits of people´s greater longevity today.
(C) the broader the number of people reaching more advanced ages, the greater the need for public health care programs.
(D) new governmental decisions on pensions are imperative if we are to adequately care for the elder.
(E) the creation of new words to refer to people over 65 may contribute to the acceptance of older people by society.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
O artigo propõe a ideia de que...
*
*Alternativa (B): uma nova faixa etária deve ser criada se quisermos maximizar os benefícios potenciais da maior longevidade das pessoas hoje.
*
*
*
02 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
(A) "Retirement" literally means withdrawal to a place of
seclusion.
(B) Extra years of life are predominantly healthy ones.
(C) The word "retirement" has become misleading.
(D) In the rich world, many of the old are still young and active.
(E) Years have been added to human life by stretching lifespans.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
*Alternativa (A): "Aposentadoria" significa literalmente retirada para um local de reclusão.
*Alternativa (B): Anos extras de vida são predominantemente saudáveis.
*Alternativa (C): A palavra "aposentadoria" tornou-se enganosa.
*Alternativa (D): No mundo rico, muitos dos velhos ainda são jovens e ativos.
*Alternativa (E): Os anos foram adicionados à vida humana ao prolongar a expectativa de vida.
No trecho do segundo parágrafo
(B) Extra years of life are predominantly healthy ones.
(C) The word "retirement" has become misleading.
(D) In the rich world, many of the old are still young and active.
(E) Years have been added to human life by stretching lifespans.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
*
*
*
*
*
03 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
“Longevity is one of
humanity’s great accomplishments. Yet it is seen as one of
society’s great headaches”,
a palavra em destaque estabelece
entre as duas frases uma relação de
(A) complementação.
(B) conclusão.
(C) contraste.
(D) alternativa.
(E) tempo.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
*Alternativa (A): complementação.
*Alternativa (B): conclusão.
*Alternativa (C): contraste.
*Alternativa (D): alternativa.
*Alternativa (E): tempo.
According to the fourth paragraph,
(B) conclusão.
(C) contraste.
(D) alternativa.
(E) tempo.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
*
*
*Alternativa (C): contraste.
*
*
04 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
(A) only after the 1940s was adolescence demystified by American businessmen and recognized as a potential market.
(B) the label “teenager” was invented to help sell products such as bobby socks and music.
(C) unprecedented perceptions of childhood in the 19th century resulted in the birth of children’s literature.
(D) child-protection laws first appeared in the 1900’s, together with today’s conception of childhood.
(E) the emergence of new life stages throughout history has resulted in changes in attitude towards people of different age groups.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
De acordo com o quarto parágrafo,
*
*
*
*
*Alternativa (E): o surgimento de novas etapas da vida ao longo da história resultou em mudanças de atitude em relação a pessoas de diferentes faixas etárias.
05 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
"but only then did
mystified adults coin the label 'teenagers'",
the word in
bold can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the
sentence, by
(A) make up.
(B) understand.
(C) pick out.
(D) accept.
(E) promote.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICO - PHRASAL VERB e VERB expressando a mesma ideia :
*Alternativa (A): make up(inventar).
*Alternativa (B): understand(entender.
*Alternativa (C): pick out.(escolher)
*Alternativa (D): accept(aceitar).
*Alternativa (E): promote(promover).
➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: coin (inventar) ➝ make up(inventar):
"[...] Declaring a new stage of life could help change perceptions. It has done so before. Today’s conception of childhood emerged in the 19th century, paving the way for child-protection laws and a golden age of children’s literature. Spotty, awkward 15-year-olds predated the 1940s, but only then did mystified adults COIN the label "teenagers", fuelling all sorts of products and services, from bobby socks to the music industry."
(Declarar uma nova etapa da vida pode ajudar a mudar as percepções. Isso já foi feito antes. A concepção atual da infância surgiu no século 19, abrindo caminho para as leis de proteção à criança e uma era de ouro da literatura infantil. Os jovens indecisos e desajeitados de 15 anos de idade eram anteriores à década de 1940, mas só então os adultos confusos INVENTARAM o rótulo de “adolescentes”, abastecendo todo tipo de produtos e serviços, desde meias-calças até a indústria da música.)
1 In the late 1960s, a team of researchers began distributing a nutritional supplement to families with young children in rural Guatemala. They were testing the assumption that providing enough protein in the first few years of life would reduce the incidence of stunted growth.
The study carried out in rural Guatemala aimed at
(B) understand.
(C) pick out.
(D) accept.
(E) promote.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
*Alternativa (A): make up(inventar).
*
*
*
*
➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: coin (inventar) ➝ make up(inventar):
"[...] Declaring a new stage of life could help change perceptions. It has done so before. Today’s conception of childhood emerged in the 19th century, paving the way for child-protection laws and a golden age of children’s literature. Spotty, awkward 15-year-olds predated the 1940s, but only then did mystified adults COIN the label "teenagers", fuelling all sorts of products and services, from bobby socks to the music industry."
(Declarar uma nova etapa da vida pode ajudar a mudar as percepções. Isso já foi feito antes. A concepção atual da infância surgiu no século 19, abrindo caminho para as leis de proteção à criança e uma era de ouro da literatura infantil. Os jovens indecisos e desajeitados de 15 anos de idade eram anteriores à década de 1940, mas só então os adultos confusos INVENTARAM o rótulo de “adolescentes”, abastecendo todo tipo de produtos e serviços, desde meias-calças até a indústria da música.)
➧ Leia o texto para responder às questões de 06 a 10.
Unexpected effects of nutrition
1 In the late 1960s, a team of researchers began distributing a nutritional supplement to families with young children in rural Guatemala. They were testing the assumption that providing enough protein in the first few years of life would reduce the incidence of stunted growth.
2 It did. Children who received added nutrition grew 1 to
2 centimetres taller than those in a control group. But the
benefits didn’t stop there. These children went on to score
higher on reading and knowledge tests as adolescents, and
when researchers returned in the early 2000s, women who
had received the supplements in the first three years of life
completed more years of schooling and men had higher
incomes.
3 “Had there not been these follow-ups, this study probably
would have been largely forgotten,” says Reynaldo Martorell,
a specialist in maternal and child nutrition who led the followup studies. Instead, he says, the findings made financial
institutions such as the World Bank think of early nutritional
interventions as long-term investments in human health.
Since the Guatemalan research, studies around the world
— in Brazil, Peru, Jamaica, the Philippines, Kenya and
Zimbabwe — have all associated poor or stunted growth in
young children with lower cognitive test scores and worse
school achievement. A picture slowly emerged that being too
short early in life is a sign of adverse conditions — such as
poor diet and regular episodes of diarrhea — and a predictor
for intellectual deficits and mortality.
(Carina Storrs. www.nature.com, 12.07.2017. Adaptado.)
06 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
(A) tackling a very typical childhood health problem found in poor and underdeveloped countries.
(B) relating adequate nutrition in childhood to learning and schooling later in life.
(C) investigating the relation between nutrition and occurrence of short height in early childhood.
(D) confirming the overall benefits brought about by a diet rich in proteins.
(E) understanding the gains of offering supplements not only to children but to adult men and women as well.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito C
O estudo realizado na zona rural da Guatemala teve como objetivo
(A) enfrentar um problema de saúde infantil muito típico encontrado em países pobres e subdesenvolvidos.
(B) relacionando nutrição adequada na infância à aprendizagem e escolarização mais tarde na vida.
(C) investigando a relação entre nutrição e ocorrência de baixa estatura na primeira infância.
(D) confirmando os benefícios gerais trazidos por uma dieta rica em proteínas.
(E) compreender os ganhos de oferecer suplementos não apenas para crianças, mas também para homens e mulheres adultos.
07 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
(A) children who had been given supplements tended to have better learning outcomes when they grew older.
(B) benefits of the nutrition interventions were not as remarkable as had been predicted by researchers.
(C) children in Guatemala are now 1 to 2 centimeters taller than they used to be.
(D) women receiving extra nutrition throughout adolescence stayed in school for a larger number of years.
(E) people in Guatemala now have access to better schooling and higher incomes.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito A
No que diz respeito aos resultados do estudo, entendemos que
(A) as crianças que receberam suplementos tendem a ter melhores resultados de aprendizagem quando crescem.
(B) os benefícios das intervenções nutricionais não foram tão notáveis quanto os previstos pelos pesquisadores.
(C) as crianças na Guatemala agora são 1 a 2 centímetros mais altas do que costumavam ser.
(D) mulheres que receberam nutrição extra durante a adolescência permaneceram na escola por um número maior de anos.
(E) as pessoas na Guatemala agora têm acesso a uma melhor escolaridade e maiores rendimentos.
08 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
"But the benefits
didn't stop there",
the word in bold refers to
(A) rural Guatemala.
(B) the data from the control group.
(C) the countries involved in research on nutrition.
(D) the families who received the supplements.
(E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO :
(A) rural Guatemala.
(B) the data from the control group.
(C) the countries involved in research on nutrition.
(E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito E
(A) rural Guatemala.
(B) the data from the control group.
(C) the countries involved in research on nutrition.
(D) the families who received the supplements.
(E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, uma relevante particularidade da pesquisa descrita recai sobre o fato de ela
(E) the effects of added nutrition on children’s growth.
09 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
(A) haver congregado pesquisadores de diferentes países para que se pudesse fazer face a uma questão de alcance mundial.
(B) constituir um exemplo de estudo sobre intervenção nutricional com dados coletados em momentos diversos da vida dos participantes.
(C) enfrentar um grave problema de saúde pública na infância nunca antes abordado.
(D) ter revelado inesperadas relações entre má nutrição, crescimento infantil e aprendizagem escolar.
(E) ser o primeiro caso de estudo sobre nutrição a receber investimentos de longo prazo do Banco Mundial.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
(A) haver congregado pesquisadores de diferentes países para que se pudesse fazer face a uma questão de alcance mundial.
(B) constituir um exemplo de estudo sobre intervenção nutricional com dados coletados em momentos diversos da vida dos participantes.
(C) enfrentar um grave problema de saúde pública na infância nunca antes abordado.
(D) ter revelado inesperadas relações entre má nutrição, crescimento infantil e aprendizagem escolar.
(E) ser o primeiro caso de estudo sobre nutrição a receber investimentos de longo prazo do Banco Mundial.
10 – (SANTA CASA/SP-2017/2018-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-MEDICINA)
(A) The picture emerging from previous studies.
(B) Poor diet and diarrheal diseases.
(C) Various adverse conditions.
(D) Being too short early in life.
(E) Low cognitive abilities and school achievement.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito D
O que, de acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, pode funcionar como um preditor de déficits intelectuais e mortalidade?
(A) O quadro emergente de estudos anteriores.
(B) Má alimentação e doenças diarréicas.
(C) Várias condições adversas.
(D) Sendo muito curto no começo da vida.
(E) Baixa capacidade cognitiva e desempenho escolar.
