CESGRANRIO – 2010 – PETROBRAS BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL – NÍVEL SUPERIOR (VÁRIOS CARGOS) – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CONCURSO PÚBLICO – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: CESGRANRIO-PETROBRAS BIOCOMBUSTÍVEL-NÍVEL SUPERIOR-2010.

https://www.cesgranrio.org.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text – World Oil Reserves at 'Tipping Point' | www.sciencedaily.com |

❑ APRESENTAÇÃO DA PROVA:

❑ GABARITO: 

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO: 

World Oil Reserves at 'Tipping Point'

Reservas mundiais de petróleo num "ponto de inflexão"

    

ScienceDaily (Mar. 26, 2010) — The world’s capacity to meet projected future oil demand is at a tipping point, according to research by the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment at Oxford University.
ScienceDaily (26 de março de 2010) - A capacidade do mundo para satisfazer a procura futura de petróleo prevista está a atingir um ponto de rutura, de acordo com uma investigação da Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment da Universidade de Oxford.

There is a need to accelerate the development of alternative energy fuel resources in order to ensure energy security and reduce emissions, says a paper just published in the journal Energy Policy.
É necessário acelerar o desenvolvimento de recursos alternativos de combustíveis energéticos para garantir a segurança energética e reduzir as emissões, afirma um estudo que acaba de ser publicado na revista Energy Policy.

The age of cheap oil has now ended as demand starts to outstrip supply as we head towards the middle of the decade, says the report. It goes on to suggest that the current oil reserve estimates should be downgraded from between 1150-1350 billion barrels to between 850-900 billion barrels, based on recent research. But how can potential oil shortages be mitigated?
A era do petróleo barato chegou ao fim, uma vez que a procura começa a ultrapassar a oferta à medida que nos aproximamos de meados da década, afirma o relatório. O relatório sugere ainda que as atuais estimativas das reservas de petróleo deveriam ser reduzidas de 1150-1350 mil milhões de barris para 850-900 mil milhões de barris, com base em estudos recentes. Mas como é que a potencial escassez de petróleo pode ser atenuada?

Dr Oliver Inderwildi, Head of the Low Carbon Mobility centre at the Smith School, said: ‘The common belief that alternative fuels such as biofuels could mitigate oil supply shortages and eventually replace fossil fuels is pie in the sky.

O Dr. Oliver Inderwildi, Diretor do Centro de Mobilidade com Baixas Emissões de Carbono da Smith School, afirmou: "A crença comum de que os combustíveis alternativos, como os biocombustíveis, poderiam atenuar a escassez do aprovisionamento de petróleo e, eventualmente, substituir os combustíveis fósseis, é uma ilusão.

There is not sufficient land to cater for both food and fuel demand. Instead of relying on those silver bullet solutions, we have to make better use of the remaining resources by improving energy efficiency.

Não existe terra suficiente para satisfazer a procura de alimentos e de combustíveis. Em vez de confiarmos nessas soluções milagrosas, temos de utilizar melhor os recursos remanescentes, melhorando a eficiência energética.

Alternatives such as a hydrogen economy and electric transportation are not mature and will only play a major role in the medium to long term.’

Alternativas como a economia do hidrogénio e o transporte elétrico não estão maduras e só desempenharão um papel importante a médio e longo prazo".  

Nick Owen, from the Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, added: ‘Significant oil supply challenges will be compounded in the near future by rising demand and strengthening environmental policy.

Nick Owen, da Smith School of Enterprise and the Environment, acrescentou: "Os desafios significativos em matéria de aprovisionamento de petróleo serão agravados num futuro próximo pelo aumento da procura e pelo reforço da política ambiental.

Mitigating the oil crunch without using lower grade resources such as tar sands is the key to maintaining energy stability and a low carbon future.’
Atenuar a escassez de petróleo sem utilizar recursos de menor qualidade, como as areias betuminosas, é a chave para manter a estabilidade energética e um futuro com baixas emissões de carbono.  

The Smith School paper also highlights that in the past, political and financial objectives have led to misreporting of oil reserves, which has led to contradictory estimates of oil reserve data available in the public domain.
O documento da Smith School salienta igualmente que, no passado, os objectivos políticos e financeiros conduziram a uma declaração incorrecta das reservas de petróleo, o que deu origem a estimativas contraditórias dos dados relativos às reservas de petróleo disponíveis no domínio público.

Sir David King, Director of the Smith School, commented: ‘We have to face up to a future of oil uncertainty much like the global economic uncertainty we have faced during the past two years.

Sir David King, Diretor da Smith School, comentou: "Temos de enfrentar um futuro de incerteza petrolífera muito semelhante à incerteza económica global que enfrentamos nos últimos dois anos.

This challenge will have a longer term effect on our economies unless swift action is taken by governments and business. We all recognise that oil is a finite resource.

Este desafio terá um efeito a longo prazo nas nossas economias se não forem tomadas medidas rápidas pelos governos e pelas empresas. Todos nós reconhecemos que o petróleo é um recurso finito.

We need to look at other low carbon alternatives and make the necessary funding available for research, development and deployment today if we are to mitigate the tipping point.’
Precisamos olhar para outras alternativas de baixo carbono e disponibilizar o financiamento necessário para pesquisa, desenvolvimento e implantação hoje, se quisermos mitigar o ponto de inflexão.'

The report also raises the worrying issue that additional demand for oil could be met by nonconventional methods, such as the extraction of oil from Canada’s tar sands.

O relatório também levanta a questão preocupante de que a procura adicional de petróleo poderia ser satisfeita por métodos não convencionais, como a extração de petróleo das areias betuminosas do Canadá.

However, these methods have a far higher carbon output than conventional drilling, and have been described as having a double impact on emissions owing to the emissions produced during extraction as well as during usage.

No entanto, estes métodos têm uma produção de carbono muito mais elevada do que a perfuração convencional e foram descritos como tendo um duplo impacto nas emissões, devido às emissões produzidas durante a extração e durante a utilização.

Available in http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/ 100324225511.htm. Access on April 6, 2010

👉  Questão   11 
The author reports that world oil reserves are at a ‘tipping point’ because oil
(A) is already being replaced by alternative fuels in most uses of the fuel.
(B) is now in shortage and will not supply global needs in the near future.
(C) has already been substituted by alternative energy fuel resources worldwide.
(D) has been misreported as non-abundant to satisfy political interests of non-producing nations.
(E) has reached a peak in off-shore wells and is now abundantly extracted from tar sand reserves.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

The author reports that world oil reserves are at a ‘tipping point’ because oil

O autor refere que as reservas mundiais de petróleo estão num "ponto de inflexão" porque o petróleo

(A) is already being replaced by alternative fuels in most uses of the fuel. – já está sendo substituído por combustíveis alternativos na maioria dos usos do combustível.
(B) is now in shortage and will not supply global needs in the near future. – está atualmente em escassez e não irá suprir as necessidades mundiais num futuro próximo.
(C) has already been substituted by alternative energy fuel resources worldwide. – já foi substituído por recursos energéticos alternativos a nível mundial.
(D) has been misreported as non-abundant to satisfy political interests of non-producing nations. – foi relatado erroneamente como não abundante para satisfazer interesses políticos de nações não produtoras.
(E) has reached a peak in off-shore wells and is now abundantly extracted from tar sand reserves. – atingiu um pico nos poços off-shore e é agora abundantemente extraído das reservas de areias betuminosas.
👉  Questão   12 
Based on the meanings of the words in the text, it can be said that
(A) “...ensure...” (line 6) and  guarantee are antonyms.
(B) “...outstrip...” (line 10) and exceed are synonyms.
(C) “...downgraded...” (line 13) and subsidized express similar ideas.
(D) “...highlights...” (line 35) and  underlines express contradictory ideas.
(E) “...owing to...” (line 57) and as a result of  have opposite meanings.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

Based on the meanings of the words in the text, it can be said that
(A) “...ensure...” (line 6) and  guarantee are antonyms.
(B) “...outstrip...” (line 10) and exceed are synonyms.
(C) “...downgraded...” (line 13) and subsidized express similar ideas.
(D) “...highlights...” (line 35) and  underlines express contradictory ideas.
(E) “...owing to...” (line 57) and as a result of  have opposite meanings.

👉  Questão   13 
The word in parentheses describes the idea expressed by the word in boldtype in
(A) “...a need to accelerate the development of alternative energy fuel resources in order to ensure energy security and reduce emissions,” - lines 5-7 (contrast)
(B) “‘The common belief that alternative fuels such as biofuels...” - lines 18-19 (result)
(C) “Instead of relying on those silver bullet solutions,”- lines 22-23 (consequence)
(D) “However, these methods have a far higher carbon output than conventional drilling,” - lines 54-55 (reason)
(E) “...the emissions produced during extraction as well as during usage.” - lines 57-58 (addition)

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

The word in parentheses describes the idea expressed by the word in boldtype in

(A) “...a need to accelerate the development of alternative energy fuel resources in order to ensure energy security and reduce emissions,” - lines 5-7 (contrast)
(B) “‘The common belief that alternative fuels such as biofuels...” - lines 18-19 (result)
(C) “Instead of relying on those silver bullet solutions,”- lines 22-23 (consequence)
(D) “However, these methods have a far higher carbon output than conventional drilling,” - lines 54-55 (reason)
(E) “...the emissions produced during extraction as well as during usage.” - lines 57-58 (addition)

• [...] “...the emissions produced during extraction as well as during usage.”
• as emissões produzidas durante a extração, e durante o uso.
• 'As well as' é uma "multi-word preposition" gramaticalmente intercambiável com  'in addition to'.(Cambridge Dictionary)
• 'As well as' tem função morfológica de "ADIÇÃO".
• She has invited Jill as well as Kate.
• When they go to Austria, they like walking as well as skiing. 
• Gramaticalmente, 'As well as' é sempre usada como PREPOSIÇÃO (que não tem força sintática para coordenar ou subordinar orações), e sendo assim, não pode ser seguida de clause.

👉  Questão   14 
Dr. Oliver Inderwildi supports all of the following statements EXCEPT
(A) Alternative energy sources, like hydrogen, are still not foreseen as productive in the immediate future.
(B) It is illusory to believe that the production of alternative fuels will make up for the decline in oil supply.
(C) There is enough soil available in the world for the production of agricultural products to meet the needs of both food and energy.
(D) It is more advisable to start using energy more efficiently than to depend on alternative solutions that are not yet entirely developed.
(E) Using electricity for transportation and reducing the dependence on oil are unripe strategies that still have a minor impact in the current scenario.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C :
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

Dr. Oliver Inderwildi supports all of the following statements EXCEPT
(A) Alternative energy sources, like hydrogen, are still not foreseen as productive in the immediate future.
(B) It is illusory to believe that the production of alternative fuels will make up for the decline in oil supply.
(C) There is enough soil available in the world for the production of agricultural products to meet the needs of both food and energy.
(D) It is more advisable to start using energy more efficiently than to depend on alternative solutions that are not yet entirely developed.
(E) Using electricity for transportation and reducing the dependence on oil are unripe strategies that still have a minor impact in the current scenario.
👉  Questão   15 
Nick Owen believes that
(A) stricter environmental regulations will impose even more restrictions on the already heavy challenges in oil supply.
(B) more demand for oil will certainly not interfere with the current support for ecological programs to reduce carbon emissions.
(C) further investments in newly found oil reserves will be the only alternative to help maintain future energy stability in the world.
(D) shifting to fuel production from tar sands can reduce the oil problems, since tar sands are more abundant and less expensive to drill.
(E) the exploration of lower grade resources seems to be the best solution to conform to the environmental policies in favor of low carbon emissions.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A :

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

Nick Owen believes that
(A) stricter environmental regulations will impose even more restrictions on the already heavy challenges in oil supply.
(B) more demand for oil will certainly not interfere with the current support for ecological programs to reduce carbon emissions.
(C) further investments in newly found oil reserves will be the only alternative to help maintain future energy stability in the world.
(D) shifting to fuel production from tar sands can reduce the oil problems, since tar sands are more abundant and less expensive to drill.

(E) the exploration of lower grade resources seems to be the best solution to conform to the environmental policies in favor of low carbon emissions.

👉  Questão   16 
In the text, ‘contradictory estimates of oil reserve data available in the public domain.’ (lines 38-39) refers to the fact that
(A) the figures on the probable amount of remaining oil in reserves known have been inaccurately announced.
(B) researchers in the Smith School have reached conclusions on the use of energy alternatives that confirm the opinion of political leaders.
(C) oil reserves estimates should be readjusted to indicate that around twelve hundred billion barrels are available for consumption.
(D) political and financial concerns have led to the announcement of precise data on oil production available to the public.
(E) only 850-900 billion barrels will be produced by the middle of the current decade.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A :

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

In the text, ‘contradictory estimates of oil reserve data available in the public domain.’ (lines 38-39) refers to the fact that
(A) the figures on the probable amount of remaining oil in reserves known have been inaccurately announced.
(B) researchers in the Smith School have reached conclusions on the use of energy alternatives that confirm the opinion of political leaders.
(C) oil reserves estimates should be readjusted to indicate that around twelve hundred billion barrels are available for consumption.
(D) political and financial concerns have led to the announcement of precise data on oil production available to the public.
(E) only 850-900 billion barrels will be produced by the middle of the current decade.

👉  Questão   17 

In paragraph 7 (lines 40-50), Sir David King’s main comment is that
(A) other low carbon alternatives are not available to replace the finite oil resources.
(B) the tipping point in oil production will not affect the underdeveloped economies of the world.
(C) business and governments are not expected to take quick measures to face the world economic problems.
(D) more money has to be spent on financing new fuel technologies that produce low carbon emissions.
(E) research, development and deployment of low carbon alternatives are the sole responsibility of university researchers.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D :

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) other low carbon alternatives are not available to replace the finite oil resources.
(B) the tipping point in oil production will not affect the underdeveloped economies of the world.
(C) business and governments are not expected to take quick measures to face the world economic problems.
(D) more money has to be spent on financing new fuel technologies that produce low carbon emissions.

(E) research, development and deployment of low carbon alternatives are the sole responsibility of university researchers.

👉  Questão   18 
“This challenge” in “This challenge will have a longer term effect on our economies...” (lines 43-44) refers to the
(A) uncertainty about the future of the global economy.
(B) unclear estimation of oil reserves reported by the government.
(C) low carbon emissions resulting from conventional oil extraction.
(D) political and financial interests of the world’s economic leaders.
(E) confrontation of the unpleasant situation of oil shortage in the near future.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E :

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) uncertainty about the future of the global economy.
(B) unclear estimation of oil reserves reported by the government.
(C) low carbon emissions resulting from conventional oil extraction.
(D) political and financial interests of the world’s economic leaders.
(E) confrontation of the unpleasant situation of oil shortage in the near future.

👉  Questão   19 
In “...additional demand for oil could be met by nonconventional methods,” (lines 52-53)  the verb form could expresses
(A) certainty.
(B) necessity.
(C) possibility.
(D) obligation.
(E) permission.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C :

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

(A) certainty.
(B) necessity.
(C) possibility.
(D) obligation.
(E) permission.

👉  Questão   20 
According to the text, extracting oil from the Canadian tar sands
(A) can be harmful to the environment because it generates an additional demand for oil.
(B) requires unconventional drilling methods that cause lower impact on the nation’s carbon footprint.

(C) is not feasible since it will require non-conventional financing to make up for the lower output rates.
(D) produces higher carbon emissions resulting from both the extraction and the deployment of fuel from this source.
(E) has not been authorized since Canada’s governmental authorities have passed strict laws against the exploration of such reserves.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D :

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:

According to the text, extracting oil from the Canadian tar sands
(A) can be harmful to the environment because it generates an additional demand for oil.
(B) requires unconventional drilling methods that cause lower impact on the nation’s carbon footprint.

(C) is not feasible since it will require non-conventional financing to make up for the lower output rates.
(D) produces higher carbon emissions resulting from both the extraction and the deployment of fuel from this source.
(E) has not been authorized since Canada’s governmental authorities have passed strict laws against the exploration of such reserves.

CESGRANRIO-PETROBRAS-2011-Concurso Público para Nível Superior(vários cargos) da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.) - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com gabarito e questões comentadas.

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Hey, what's up my friends!!!...How have you been?! Welcome back to another post!

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Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS-CESGRANRIO-2011 da PETROBRAS(Petróleo Brasileiro S.A.)-Cargo:Nível Superior(vários cargos)-Prova aplicada em 28/08/2011.

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LEITURA de textos de jornais,revistas, websites, blogs e cartoons a seguir, é um excelente treino para a prova OBJETIVA de inglês com 10 questões.

➦www.theguardian.com
➦www.nytimes.com
➦www.sciencenews.org
➦http://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu
➦http://global.britannica.com

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[a]Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 

www.cesgranrio.org.br

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova
➦02 Textos.
➦10 Questões(múltiplas escolhas com 05 alternativas cada, tudo em inglês)
➦Compreensão Textual do inglês).
➦Uso do inglês.
👉  Texto 1   "Brazil: Platform for growth"(Brasil: Plataforma de crescimento) 

➦ Tema abordado:  
➦ Fonte: http://www.nlm.nih.gov 

👉  Texto 2   "Off the deep end in Brazil"(Fora do fundo do Brasil) 

➦ Tema abordado:  

➦ Fonte: http://www.nlm.nih.gov 
[c]Dicionários sugestivos
Caso necessário, sugiro que consulte os 03(três) excelentes dicionários a seguir:

http://www.collinsdictionary.com/
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
[d]VOCABULÁRIO:

🔄Verbos
[to ]

🔄Phrasal Verbs:

[to ]

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
["]

🔄Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):

["]
🔄Expressões com 30 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO CAIU, DESPENCOU, DECLINOU, REDUZIU, ENFRAQUECEU, AFOGOU (fall/flop/faint/drop/droop/down/ decrease/decline/diminish/dwindle/dip/dive/duck/ease/ebb/gasp/lower/mitigate/ plunge/sag/slash/slump/split/shrink/sink/stoop/stumble/wane/weaken/wilt):
["]
🔄Expressões com 25 verbos que transmitem ideia que algo SUBIU,ELEVOU, AUMENTOU, MELHOROU,REAGIU,ABASTECEU,AMPLIOU,(arise,better,boom, boost, broaden, clim, flood, fuel,further,grow,improve,increase,jump,lift,raise,rally,rise, skyrocket, soar, strenghten, surface,surpass,trigger, up, upgrade,widen):
["]
🔄Expressões com 10 verbos que transmitem ideia que ALGO MUDOU, TROCOU, PERMUTOU, TRANSFORMOU,ALTEROU,REFORMOU, SUBSTITUIU, CONVERTEU, ESCAMBOU, MODIFICOU(amend,barter,change,convert, exchange,replace,swap,switch,swop,vary):
["]
🔄Expressões com 20 verbos que transmitem ideia de COMBATE, DISPUTA, LUTA, GUERRA, COLISÃO, ATINGIR, ESPANCAR, SOCAR, BATER(bash,battle,beat, brawl, clash,cuff, fight ,grapple,hit,knock,punch,quarrel,slap,apank,apar, strike, tackle ,tussle,whack,wrestle):
["]  
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:

["]

🔄Expressões com VERBOS EM GERAL:
["]

🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
[]

🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas:

[]
🔄Expressões com 30 adjetivos que transmitem ideia que ALGO/ALGUÉM ESTÁ EM SITUAÇÃO RUIM/PARA BAIXO/DIFÍCIL (annoying, awful,boring,dim,dire, downward ,dreadful,dull,fearsome,frightful,gloomy,grim,hard,idle,irksome,maddening,misty,murky,nagging,wane,outrageous,pesky,shadowy,sluggish,thankless,thorny,tiresome,troublesome,worrisome,wearisome):
["]

🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:

["]

🔄Conectores/Marcadores de discurso:
["]

🔄Expressões comuns:
["] 
🔄Expressões idiomáticas:
["]
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
["]
🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade):
["]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
[91mb/d=quer dizer "91 milhões de barris por dia"]
🔄Questions:
[?"]

🔄Falso cognato:

["]

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Text I

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Brazil: Platform for growth

By Joe Leahy

_____________________________________________________________________________          
On the Cidade de Angra dos Reis oil platform, surrounded by the deep blue South Atlantic, a Petrobras engineer turns on a tap and watches black liquid flow into a beaker.
          
It looks and smells like ordinary crude oil. Nevertheless, for Brazil, this represents something much more spectacular. Pumped by the national oil company from “pre-salt” deposits – so-called because they lie beneath 2,000m of salt – 300km off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, it is some of the first commercial oil to flow from the country’s giant new deepwater discoveries.
          
Already estimated to contain 50bn barrels, and with much of the area still to be fully explored, the fields contain the world’s largest known offshore oil deposits. In one step, Brazil could jump up the world rankings of national oil reserves and production, from 15th to fifth. So great are the discoveries, and the investment required to exploit them, that they have the potential to transform the country – for good or for ill.
          
Having seen out booms and busts before, Brazilians are hoping that this time “the country of the future” will at last realise its full economic potential. The hope is that the discoveries will provide a nation already rich in renewable energy with an embarrassment of resources with which to pursue the goal of becoming a US of the south.
          
The danger for Brazil, if it fails to manage this windfall wisely, is of falling victim to “Dutch disease”. The economic malaise is named after the Netherlands in the 1970s, where the manufacturing sector withered after its currency strengthened on the back of a large gas field discovery combined with rising energy prices.
          
Even worse, Brazil could suffer a more severe form of the disease, the “oil curse”, whereby nations rich in natural resources – Nigeria and Venezuela, for example – grow addicted to the money that flows from them.
          
Petrobras chief executive says neither the company nor the country’s oil industry has so far been big enough to become a government cash cow. But with the new discoveries, which stretch across an 800km belt off the coast of south-eastern Brazil, this is going to change. The oil industry could grow from about 10 per cent of GDP to up to 25 per cent in the coming decades, analysts say. To curb any negative effects, Brazil is trying to support domestic manufacturing by increasing “local content” requirements in the oil industry.
          
Without a “firm local content policy”, says Petrobras CEO, Dutch disease and the oil curse will take hold. However, “if we have a firm and successful local content policy, no – because other sectors in the economy are going to grow as fast as Petrobras”.
         
The other long-term dividend Brazil is seeking from the discoveries is in research and development (R&D). Extracting oil from beneath a layer of salt at great depth, hundreds of kilometres from the coast, is so challenging that Brazilian engineers see it as a new frontier. If they can perfect this, they can lead the way in other markets with similar geology, such as Africa.
         
For its part, Petrobras is spending $800m-$900m a year over the next five years on R&D, and has invested $700m in the expansion of its research centre.
          
Ultimately, Brazil’s ability to avoid Dutch disease will depend not just on how the money from the oil is spent. The country is the world’s second biggest exporter of iron ore. It is the largest exporter of beef. It is also the biggest producer of sugar, coffee and orange juice, and the second-largest producer of soya beans.
          
Exports of these commodities are already driving up the exchange rate before the new oil fields have fully come on stream, making it harder for Brazilian exporters of manufactured goods. Industrial production has faltered in recent months, with manufacturers blaming the trend on a flood of cheap Chinese-made imports.
         
“Brazil has everything that China doesn’t and it’s natural that, as China continues to grow, it’s just going to be starved for those resources,” says Harvard’s Prof Rogoff. “At some level Brazil doesn’t just want to be exporting natural resources – it wants a more diversified economy. There are going to be some rising tensions over that.”

Adapted from Financial Times - March 15 2011 22:54. Available in:
 <http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fa11320c-4f48-11e0-9038-00144feab49a,_i_email=y.html>

Retrieved on: June 17, 2011.

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👉 Questão  11 :
The communicative intention of Text I is to
(A) classify all the economic risks Brazil will certainly run if it insists on extracting oil at great depth.
(B) suggest that Brazil could soon be ranked as one of the four main oil producers in the whole world.
(C) argue that Brazil should try to avoid potential dangers associated to its recent deepwater oil discoveries.
(D) report on the rising tensions between China and Brazil over the manufacturing sector of the world economy.
(E) announce the expected growth of the oil industry in Brazil, Nigeria and Venezuela in the coming decades.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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👉 Questão  12 :
According to paragraphs 5 and 6 (lines 28-38), Dutch disease is a
(A) concept that explains the relationship between a stronger currency, due to the discovery of vast gas deposits, and the decline in the manufacturing sector.
(B) theory that can justify the increase in energy prices and the strengthening of the manufacturing sector.
(C) dangerous form of economic malaise that can only victimize already affluent nations.
(D) severe economic disease that is affecting the economy of countries like the Netherlands.
(E) a type of problem known as the “oil curse” that affects the booming sector of oil extraction.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
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👉 Questão  13 :
According to paragraphs 9 and 10 (lines 55-65), investing in R&D
(A) may open new markets for the Brazilian technological sector of oil extraction at great depth.
(B) may justify Petrobras’ plans to reduce the development of its research center.
(C) is surely leading Brazilian engineers to work for African countries rich in natural resources.
(D) will pay immediate dividends in the challenging sector of geology and oil exploitation.
(E) can explain why Petrobras is spending $800m - $900m to extract oil at great depth.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
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👉 Questão  14 :
Based on the meanings in Text I, the two words are antonymous in
(A) “...realise...” (line  23) – understand
(B) “...stretch...” (line  42) – bridge
(C) “...curb...” (line  46) – foster
(D) “...faltered...” (line  77) – halted
(E) “...blaming...” (line  78) – reproaching 
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
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👉 Questão  15 :
Concerning the referent to the pronoun it, in the fragments below,
(A) in “It looks and smells like ordinary crude oil.” (line  5), it refers to “beaker” (line  4).
(B) in “The danger for Brazil, if it fails to manage this windfall wisely, is of falling victim to ‘Dutch disease.’ ” (lines  28-29), it refers to “danger” (line  28).
(C) in “... Brazilian engineers see it as a new frontier.” (lines  59-60), it refers to “coast” (line  58).
(D) in “making it harder for Brazilian exporters of manufactured goods.” (lines 75-76), it refers to “stream” (line  75).
(E) in “ ‘it’s just going to be starved for those resources,’ says Harvard’s Prof Rogoff.” (lines 81-83), it refers to “China” (line  81).
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉 Questão  16 :
In  “Without a ‘firm local content policy’, says Petrobras CEO, Dutch disease and the oil curse will take hold.” (lines  50-52), “take hold” means to
(A) become more easily controlled.
(B) become stronger and difficult to stop.
(C) be completely defeated and ineffective.
(D) be absolutely harmless and disappointing.
(E) be transformed into very powerful assets. 
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
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👉 Questão  17 :
The boldfaced item is synonymous with the expression in parentheses in
(A) “Nevertheless, for Brazil, this represents something much more spectacular.” (lines 6-7) – (Thus)
(B) “…neither the company nor the country’s oil industry has so far been big enough to become a government cash cow.” (lines 39-41) – (meanwhile) (C) “However, ‘if we have a firm and successful local content policy, no” (lines 52-53) – (Moreover)
(D) “ ‘because other sectors in the economy are going to grow as fast as Petrobras.’ ” (lines 53-54) – (due to the fact that)
(E) “Ultimately, Brazil’s ability to avoid Dutch disease will depend not just on how the money from the oil is spent.” (lines 66-68) – (Furthermore)
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
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Text II

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Off the Deep End in Brazil

Gerald Herbert

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With crude still hemorrhaging into the Gulf of Mexico, deep-water drilling might seem taboo just now. In fact, extreme oil will likely be the new normal. Despite the gulf tragedy, the quest for oil and gas in the most difficult places on the planet is just getting underway. Prospecting proceeds apace in the ultradeepwater reserves off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria, the sulfur-laden depths of the Black Sea, and the tar sands of Venezuela’s Orinoco Basin. Brazil’s Petrobras, which already controls a quarter of global deepwater operations, is just starting to plumb its 9 to 15 billion barrels of proven reserves buried some four miles below the Atlantic.
          
The reason is simple: after a century and a half of breakneck oil prospecting, the easy stuff is history. Blistering growth in emerging nations has turned the power grid upside down. India and China will consume 28 percent of global energy by 2030, triple the juice they required in 1990. China is set to overtake the U.S. in energy consumption by 2014. And now that the Great Recession is easing, the earth’s hoard of conventional oil is waning even faster. The International Energy Agency reckons the world will need to find 65 million additional barrels a day by 2030. If the U.S. offshore-drilling moratorium drags on, look for idled rigs heading to other shores.
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Available in: <http://www.newsweek.com/2010/06/13/off-the-deep-end-in-brazil.html>

Retrieved on: June 19, 2011. 

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👉 Questão  18 :
Comparing Texts I and II,
(A)  only Text I mentions an environmental disaster derived from deepwater oil prospection.
(B)  only Text II reports on China’s intensive economic growth and absolute need of commodities.
(C)  neither Text I nor Text II express concern for the implications of  the explorations of offshore oil deposits to local economies.
(D)  both Text I and Text II  present Brazil’s potential of holding an outstanding position concerning worldwide deepwater reserves and exploration.
(E)  Text I mentions Brazil, Nigeria and Venezuela to criticize their addiction to oil revenues, while Text II mentions these countries to illustrate successful examples of conventional oil prospection.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
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👉 Questão  19 :
According to Text II, in spite of the oil spill disaster in the Gulf of Mexico,
(A)  the US will soon surpass China in energy consumption.
(B)  the conventional drilling of oil and gas is seen as a taboo now.
(C)  in twenty years, the whole world will need 65 million barrels a day.
(D)  energy consumption of India and China will double in ten years’ time.
(E)  deepwater oil and gas prospecting has not been halted in other regions of the globe.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
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👉 Questão  20 :
In Text II, Herbert illustrates the possibility of “...idled rigs heading to other shores.” (line 26) EXCEPT when he mentions
(A) prospection in ultra-deepwater reserves off the coasts of Ghana and Nigeria.
(B) deepwater operations in the sulfur-laden depths of the Black Sea.
(C) the quest for oil in the tar sands of Venezuela’s Orinoco Basin.
(D) the suspension of the US offshore-drilling moratorium.
(E) Brazil's drillings four miles below the Atlantic.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
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