PUC/Rio – 2010 – VESTIBULAR – GRUPO 1,3,4 e 5 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTO TRADUZIDO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC-RIO-2010-GRUPO 1,3,4 e 5-VESTIBULAR-18/10/2009.

https://www.puc-rio.br/vestibular/

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text – | NEW YORK TIMES' POLICY ON FACEBOOK AND OTHER SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES | http://mountainrunner.us |

❑ TEXT:

NEW YORK TIMES' POLICY ON FACEBOOK AND OTHER SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES

1

From PoynterOnline, advice by The New York Times’ assistant managing editor who oversees journalist standards on using Facebook. Here’s the idea: you’re always representing your employer and what you say and do […] can shape perceptions in unpredictable and potentially adverse ways.

2

Facebook and other social networking sites — MySpace, LinkedIn, even Twitter — can be remarkably useful reporting tools, as the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 proved. As we’ve discovered from the experts on our staff, Facebook pages often tell a lot about a person’s work, interests, friends, and thoughts, and, as one page leads or links to another, Facebook can help reporters do triangulation on difficult-to-research subjects. What people write on Facebook sites is publicly available information, like anything posted on any site that is not encrypted.

3

But there are a few things to be careful about, nonetheless.

4

One of them is that outsiders can read your Facebook page, and that personal blogs and “tweets” represent you to the outside world just as much as an 800-word article does. If you have or are getting a Facebook page, leave blank the section that asks about your political views, in accordance with the Ethical Journalism admonition to do nothing that might cast doubt on your or The Times’s political impartiality in reporting the news. Remember that although you might get useful leads by joining a group on one of these sites, it will appear on your page, connoting that you “joined” it — potentially complicated if it is a political group, or a controversial group.

5

Be careful not to write anything on a blog or a personal Web page that you could not write in The Times — don’t editorialize, for instance, if you work for the News Department. Anything you post online can and might be publicly disseminated, and can be twisted to be used against you by those who wish you or The Times ill — whether it’s text, photographs, or video. That includes things you recommend on TimesPeople or articles you post to Facebook and Digg, content you share with friends on MySpace, and articles you recommend through TimesPeople. It can also include things posted by outside parties to your Facebook page, so keep an eye on what appears there. Just remember that we are always under scrutiny by magnifying glass and that the possibilities of digital distortion are virtually unlimited, so always ask yourself, could this be deliberately misconstrued or misunderstood by somebody who wants to make me look bad?

6

Reporters can ask questions by e-mail using addresses found on Facebook, of course, but the same rules that apply to telephone contacts (or personal contacts) apply. “The Times treats news sources just as fairly and openly as it treats readers,” Ethical Journalism says. “We do not inquire pointlessly into someone’s personal life.” Approaching minors by e-mail or by telephone, or in person, to ask about their or their parents’ private lives or friends is a particularly sensitive area. Depending on the circumstances, it may not be advisable. In every case, reporters and editors should first consult with the Standards Editor before going ahead with such inquiries.

By Matt Armstrong PoynterOnline, May 4, 2009 Disponível em http://mountainrunner.us/2009/05/nyt_facebook_policy.html (with slight adaptations)

11. This text is addressed to:
(A) New York Times' journalists working abroad.
(B) all users of Facebook and other networking sites.
(C) assistant managing editors of the New York Times.
(D) overseas professionals using standard networking sites.
(E) New York Times' reporters and editors using social networking sites.

• ANSWER (E).
Questão que aborda o tópico "IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO".
* O item (A) está incorreto ao afirmar que o texto está dirigido aos jornalistas do New York Times que trabalham no exterior.
* O item (B) está incorreto ao afirmar que o texto está dirigido a todos os usuários do Facebook e outros sites de rede
* O item (C) está incorreto ao afirmar que o texto está dirigido aos assistentes de editore do New York Times.
* O item (D) está incorreto ao afirmar que o texto está dirigido aos profissionais no exterior que usam sites de redes convencionais.
* O item (E) está CORRETO ao afirmar que o texto está focado aos repórteres e editores do New York Times usando sites de redes sociais.
12. Journalists like to use Facebook and other similar sites (lines 7-17) because:
(A) they link and lead the readers.
(B) they represent an editorial opinion.
(C) they are invaluable tools to news coverage.
(D) of their potential usefulness to read messages.

(E) of their controversial ethical standards.

• ANSWER (C).
• Questão que aborda o tópico "IDEIA PRINCIPAL DE UM PARÁGRAFO" e ressalta a importância do conhecimento vocabular nas opções apresentada pela questão.
• O parágrafo é o 2º (lines 7-17) e fala sobre o Facebook e de outras páginas da rede de relacionamento social encontradas na mídia:
• "[...]Facebook and other social networking sites — MySpace, LinkedIn, even Twitter — can be remarkably useful reporting tools, as the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 proved. As we've discovered from the experts on our staff, Facebook pages often tell a lot about a person’s work, interests, friends, and thoughts, and, as one page leads or links to another, Facebook can help reporters do triangulation on difficult-to-research subjects. What people write on Facebook sites is publicly available information, like anything posted on any site that is not encrypted."
(Facebook e outros sites de redes sociais - MySpace, LinkedIn, mesmo o Twitter - podem ser ferramentas de relatório extremamente útil, como o tiroteio da Virginia Tech em 2007 provou. Como descobrimos pelos especialistas em nossa equipe, as páginas do Facebook muitas vezes contam muito sobre o trabalho, os interesses, os amigos e os pensamentos de uma pessoa e, como uma página leva ou links para outro, o Facebook pode ajudar os repórteres a fazer triangulações em situações difíceis, para assuntos de pesquisa. O que as pessoas escrevem nos sites do Facebook é informação disponível publicamente, como qualquer coisa publicada em qualquer site que não esteja criptografado.)
* O item (A) está incorreto ao afirmar que os jornalistas gostam de usar o Facebook e outros sites semelhantes porque eles ligam e lideram os leitores.
* O item (B) está incorreto ao afirmar que os jornalistas gostam de usar o Facebook e outros sites semelhantes porque eles representam uma opinião editorial.
* O item (C) está CORRETO ao afirmar que os jornalistas gostam de usar o Facebook e outros sites semelhantes porque eles são ferramentas INESTIMÁVEIS para cobertura de notícias. A palavra "INVALUABLE"(inestimável) tem conotação "positiva" mesmo apresentando o prefixo "in".
* O item (D) está incorreto ao afirmar que os jornalistas gostam de usar o Facebook e outros sites semelhantes devido a sua potencial utilidade para ler mensagens.
* O item (E) está incorreto ao afirmar que os jornalistas gostam de usar o Facebook e outros sites semelhantes por causa dos seus padrões de ética controvertida.
13. The opening statement of paragraph 4 (lines 20-23):
(A) illustrates the importance of Facebook, blogs and tweets.
(B) makes a comparison between two different media tools.
(C) justifies the professional use of networking sites.

(D) analyzes the power of long articles in the Times.
(E) criticizes the length of 800-word articles.

• ANSWER (B).
14. Mark the correct statement concerning the meanings of the words extracted from the text.
(A) “Advice” (line 1) means “advertisement”.
(B) “Remarkably” (line 8) and “advisably” are synonymous.
(C) “Nonetheless” (line 19) can be substituted by “for instance”.
(D) “Leave blank” (line 24) means “fill in”.
(E) “Twisted” (line 37) means “distorted”.

• ANSWER (E).
15. According to the text (lines 23-32), a careful journalist:
(A) cannot have political views.
(B) mustn’t get a Facebook page.
(C) shouldn’t turn public his political opinions.
(D) leaves blank all personal sections of a page.
(E) recommends the political sections of websites.

• ANSWER (C).
16. In “...in accordance with the Ethical Journalism admonition to do nothing that might cast doubt on your or The Times’s political impartiality in reporting the news.” (lines 25-27), “cast doubt on” could be replaced with:
(A) destroy the reliability of.
(B) leave readers unsuspicious of.
(C) give the benefit of the doubt to.
(D) cause people to be unsure about.
(E) remove doubtful thoughts from.

• ANSWER (D).
17. Check the correct statement concerning reference.
(A) In “...in accordance with the Ethical Journalism admonition to do nothing that might cast doubt on your or The Times’s political impartiality in reporting the news.” (lines 25-27), “your” refers to political impartiality.
(B) In “Remember that although you might get useful leads by joining a group on one of these sites, it will appear on your page,” (lines 28-30), “it” refers to a useful lead.
(C) In “It can also include things posted by outside parties to your Facebook page, so keep an eye on what appears there.” (lines 43-45), “there” refers to the New York Times.
(D) In “Just remember that we are always under scrutiny by magnifying glass...” (lines 45-46), “we” refers to the readers of the New York Times.
(E) In “Depending on the circumstances, it may not be advisable.” (lines 60-61), “it” refers to a sensitive area.

• ANSWER (A).
18. Mark the statement taken from the fifth paragraph that DOES NOT contain a piece of advice by the New York Times’ assistant managing editor.
(A) Be careful not to write anything on a blog or a personal Web page that you could not write in The Times.
(B) It can also include things posted by outside parties to your Facebook page, so keep an eye on what appears there.
(C) Anything you post online can and might be publicly disseminated, and can be twisted to be used against you by those who wish you or The Times ill —…
(D) Just remember that we are always under scrutiny by magnifying glass and that the possibilities of digital distortion are virtually unlimited,…
(E) …so always ask yourself, could this be deliberately misconstrued or misunderstood by somebody who wants to make me look bad?

• ANSWER (C).

• Marque a declaração tirada do quinto parágrafo que NÃO contém um conselho do editor assistente do New York Times.
(A) Be careful not to write anything on a blog or a personal Web page that you could not write in The Times.

• Tenha cuidado para não escrever nada em um blog ou página pessoal da Web que você não possa escrever no The Times.
(B) It can also include things posted by outside parties to your Facebook page, so keep an eye on what appears there.

• Também pode incluir coisas postadas por terceiros em sua página do Facebook, portanto, fique de olho no que aparece lá.
(C) Anything you post online can and might be publicly disseminated, and can be twisted to be used against you by those who wish you or The Times ill —…

• Qualquer coisa que você poste online pode e pode ser divulgada publicamente, e pode ser distorcida para ser usada contra você por aqueles que desejam o mal de você ou do The Times - ...
(D) Just remember that we are always under scrutiny by magnifying glass and that the possibilities of digital distortion are virtually unlimited,…

• Basta lembrar que estamos sempre sob o escrutínio de uma lupa e que as possibilidades de distorção digital são virtualmente ilimitadas, ...
(E) …so always ask yourself, could this be deliberately misconstrued or misunderstood by somebody who wants to make me look bad?

•… Então sempre pergunte a si mesmo, isso pode ser deliberadamente mal interpretado ou mal compreendido por alguém que quer me fazer parecer mal?
19. In the following recommendation “Approaching minors by e-mail or by telephone, or in person, to ask about their or their parents’ private lives or friends is a particularly sensitive area. Depending on the circumstances, it may not be advisable.” (lines 57-60), the text is telling journalists:
(A) never to approach adolescents.
(B) never to enquire about parents or friends.
(C) to be very careful when using young informants.
(D) to ask minors about their families’ private lives.
(E) to approach children only by remote media.

• ANSWER (C).

• Na recomendação a seguir, “Abordar menores por e-mail ou telefone, ou pessoalmente, para perguntar sobre a vida privada de seus pais ou amigos é uma área particularmente delicada. Dependendo das circunstâncias, pode não ser aconselhável.”, o texto está dizendo aos jornalistas:
(A) never to approach adolescents.

• nunca abordar adolescentes.
(B) never to enquire about parents or friends.

• nunca perguntar sobre pais ou amigos.
(C) to be very careful when using young informants.

• ter muito cuidado ao usar jovens informantes.
(D) to ask minors about their families’ private lives.

• perguntar a menores sobre a vida privada de suas famílias.
(E) to approach children only by remote media.

• abordar crianças apenas por meios remotos.
20. Ethical Journalism (lines 51-63) advises that:
(A) questions about personal lives are pointless.
(B) personal contacts don’t deserve a fair treatment.
(C) many sources’ names are not easily found on Facebook.
(D) enquiries on people’s private lives are a very delicate matter.
(E) the rules applied to telephone informants don’t apply to other sources.

• ANSWER (D).

• O Jornalismo Ético informa que:
(A) questions about personal lives are pointless.

• questões sobre vidas pessoais são inúteis.

• As questões sobre a vida pessoal têm objetivo e portanto são úteis, têm valor.
(B) personal contacts don’t deserve a fair treatment.

• contatos pessoais não merecem um tratamento justo.

• Os contatos merecem um tratamento justo, ou seja, um tratamento imparcial.
(C) many sources’ names are not easily found on Facebook.

• os nomes de muitas fontes não são facilmente encontrados no Facebook.

(D) enquiries on people’s private lives are a very delicate matter.

• inquéritos sobre a vida privada das pessoas são um assunto muito delicado.
(E) the rules applied to telephone informants don’t apply to other sources.

• as regras aplicadas a informantes por telefone não se aplicam a outras fontes.

FUVEST-2016/2 - 2ª FASE (10/01/2016) - Vestibular Inglês - Prova resolvida e comentada.

Hey,what's up guys!!!...How have you been?!

👍Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS - Vestibular FUVEST 2016/2 - 2ª FASE (10/01/2016) para a USP. 

Além da análise e comentários sobre todas as questões,colocamos de forma estratégica,vocábulos comuns(substantivos/adjetivos/advérbios),vocábulos técnicos específicos,conectores,phrasal verbs,falsos cognatos e expressões relevantes,todos relacionados com os textos e com as assertivas das questões.

[a]Banca/Organizadora:

FUVEST - Fundação Universitária para o Vestibular
[b]Padrão/Composição
👉Interpretação de textos
👉02 textos e 02 questões

🔄Text1 Texto jornalístico(da revista Scientific American)

➧Sem título (Fala sobre campanhas de conscientização)
➧Tem 1 questão com 02 perguntas
🔄Text2 Texto jornalístico (da revista The Economist)

➧Worrying: A Literary and Cultural History(Fala sobre uma resenha de um livro)
➧Tem 1 questão com 03 perguntas
[c]Dictionary:
Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os 02(dois) excelentes dicionários a seguir:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
http:/www.macmillandictionary.com/

🔄Verbs:
[to disclose(divulgar)=publicize(publicar)]
[to broaden(ampliar)=enlarge]
[to happen="acontecer"]
[to increase="aumentar"]
[to prompt="induzir","levar"]
[to raise="levantar","erguer"]
[to start="começar"]
[to take="tomar"]
🔄Phrasal Verbs: 
[to look out=tomar cuidado"]
[to look out for="prestar atenção"/"tomar conta de alguém"]
[to look for="procurar"]
[tied up="amarrado"]
🔄Expressões verbais

[do stand to benefit="beneficiar-se"]
[has broadened="tem ampliado"]
[get useful support="receber apoio útil"]
[leads to more=que leva a mais] 
🔄Nouns:

[anxiety(enZáirí)="ansiedade"]
[awareness="consientização"]
[consumer="consumidor"]
[happiness="felicidade"]
[foible="o ponto fraco"]
[researcher="pesquisador"]
[sponsorship="patrocínio"]
[well-being(uélbiÊn)="bem-estar","conforto"]
🔄Adjectives:
[unnecessary(desnecessário)=useless(inútil)]
[bogus="falsa","fictícia"]
🔄Adverbs:

[inextricably="inextricavelmente"]
🔄Conectors/Conjuctions: 

[and yet="e no entanto"]
[such as="tais como"]
🔄Expressões técnicas (Área de ciência/saúde)

[College Institute="Instituto da faculdade"]
[drug company="empresa farmacêutica"]
[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder="Manual de Diagnóstico e Estatística de Transtorno Mental"]
[everyday life="vida cotidiana"]
[healthy people= "pessoas saudáveis"]
[Health Policy and Clinical Practice="Política de saúde e prática clínica."]
[humanity's sense of anxiety="sentimento de ansiedade da humanidade"]
[human nature="natureza humana"]
[low-level fretting="baixo nível de transtorno"]
[side effects="efeitos colaterais"]
🔄Expressões nominais
[advanced, hypermodern society="sociedade avançada, hipermoderna"]
[affectionate tribute="tributo carinhoso","homenagem afetuosa"]
[Against this backdrop="contra este pano de fundo"]
[an ever greater number="um n° cada vez maior"]
[contemporary angst="angustia contemporânea"]
[deep roots="raízes profundas"]
[do not always="nem sempre"]
[famous dictum="ditado famoso"]
[it can be difficult="Pode ser difícil"]
[is likely="é provável"]
[in everyone's life="na vida de todos"]
[most important="o mais importante"]
[quirks and foibles="peculiaridades e fraquezas"]
[the key questions="as principais questões"]
[TV ads="Anúncios de TV"]
[web sites="Sites da Web"] 
🔄Expressões idiomáticas
[red flag="bandeira vermelha"=chamar atenção]
🔄Falso cognato

[ordinary="comum"]

Agora, vamos à prova.

Questão01   

      Awareness campaigns may help some people get useful support and treatment, but they might also prompt healthy people to start taking drugs they do not need. “Drug company sponsorship doesn’t mean the information is bogus – but it does raise a red flag because companies do stand to benefit from increasing diagnoses, which leads to more treatment, ”says Steve Woloshin, a researcher at the Dartmouth College Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice. It can be difficult for consumers to know if a condition they are hearing about is part of a drug company awareness campaign – TV ads and Web sites do not always disclose company sponsorship–but consumers can look out for phrases such as “the disease your doctor has never heard of, ”which can be red flags. Most important, before starting a new treatment, is to always talk to your doctor about risks and benefits. “The key questions to ask about treatment are ‘What is likely to happen to me if I am not treated? What is likely to happen to me if I am – including side effects?’” Woloshin says.

Scientific American Mind, September/October 2015.

Baseando-se no texto e redigindo em português, atenda ao que se pede.
a) Aponte uma vantagem e uma desvantagem presentes em campanhas de conscientização sobre problemas de saúde, veiculadas pelos meios de comunicação.
b) Quais são os dois questionamentos a serem feitos ao médico antes do início de qualquer tratamento?
Resposta 

Comentários:
a) As campanhas de conscientização podem ajudar algumas pessoas a receber apoio e tratamento úteis, mas também podem induzir as pessoas saudáveis a começarem a tomar drogas que não precisam.

b) O que é provável que aconteça comigo se eu não for tratado? O que é provável que aconteça comigo se eu for tratado - incluindo efeitos colaterais?

Questão02   

Worrying: A Literary and Cultural History.
By Francis O'Gorman. Bloomsbury; 173 pages.
     When he is not teaching Victorian literature at the University of Leeds or writing books, Francis O’Gorman admits to doing a lot of unnecessary brooding. “Worrying: A Literary and Cultural History” is his affectionate tribute to low-level fretting – what the author calls “the hidden histories of ordinary pain” – in everyone's life.
    Humanity's sense of anxiety has deep roots. Contemporary angst is inextricably tied up with living in an advanced, hypermodern society, and yet, when worrying takes hold, it often does so in ways that appear altogether premodern, even pre-
Enlightenment.
     If there is a message in the book, it addresses the ever-expanding cottage industry around happiness and well-being. The latest edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, DSM-5”, has broadened psychiatry’s reach into everyday life, medicalising and stigmatising an ever greater number of quirks and foibles. Against this backdrop, Mr O’Gorman’s celebration of the wonderful eccentricity of human nature is both refreshing and necessary.
     He believes that “being a modern worrier is just…the moth eaten sign of being human” and playfully suggests that people should refine Descartes’s famous dictum to: “I worry, therefore I am.”

The Economist, August 1st7th 2015. Adaptado.

Levando-se em conta que o texto é parte de uma resenha de um livro, responda, em português, às seguintes perguntas:
a) Qual é o objetivo do autor do livro?
b) De que forma o propósito do livro de O’Gorman se opõe ao que é proposto pela Associação Americana de Psiquiatria?
c) Qual é a sugestão do autor do livro para modificar a famosa frase de René Descartes "Penso, logo existo"?
Resposta 
a) Explicar que a "preocupação" é própria da natureza humana.
b) A preocupação não é doença ,mas sim um sentimento do cotidiano.
c) A sugestão é que em vez de "Penso, logo existo", deveria ser "Preocupo-me, logo existo".