UERJ–2011–2º Exame de Qualificação–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UERJ-Vestibular Estadual-2011-2ºExame de Qualificação-UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO-05/12/10.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 5 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.

• Texto (1) – | The greenwashing of toxic consumer products | www.naturalnews.com |

• Texto (2) – | Cartaz | www.smashingapps.com |

❑ INSTRUÇÃO:

• As questões deverão ser respondidas em língua portuguesa.
• A língua estrangeira só deverá ser utilizada quando o enunciado o exigir.

❑ TEXTO 1:

The greenwashing of toxic consumer products

Have you noticed over the past years how virtually every large corporation is trying to make consumers believe their products are “Earth friendly”? Everything from toxic cosmetics to smog-producing cars is now being positioned as “green” products. I actually saw a package of mercury-containing compact fluorescent lights with a marketing logo that claimed the product was “Helping protect the planet”! I have yet to understand the logic of how buying and throwing away mercury-contaminated products has any real benefit to the planet.

Corporations, it seems, can claim that practically anything is eco-friendly or environmentally friendly, regardless of all the toxic chemicals it contains or produces. Their products are said to be green when, in reality, they’re not at all impressive as eco-friendly products. Nowhere is greenwashing more overhyped than in the ethanol bio fuels industry, where consumers are being told that we can simply find our way out of an oil crisis by converting most of our food into fuel. Ethanol from corn is so energy inefficient that it takes almost exactly one barrel of oil from somewhere else to farm, harvest, process and produce one barrel of oil equivalent energy from corn.

But let’s face it: consumers like to buy products that they think are green in some way, even if the “green-ness” of those products is highly exaggerated or even entirely fictitious. Why? Because it removes their guilt from driving sport utility vehicles (SUVs), eating meat products and spraying pesticides on their lawns. Somehow, buying a little corn ethanol puts it all back into balance for these people – folks who live remarkably unsustainable lifestyles that would require five Earths to support if everyone lived that way. Magically, the purchasing of a handful of green products each week causes all that guilt to just melt away. The more green products we buy, many consumers believe, the greener the planet will be. 

Beware of green claims by product manufacturers since everybody’s on the green bandwagon. Be alert for products that are extremely hazardous to the environment. They often carry some type of green claim. Therefore, consumers should be sharp and do their research on these corporations before blindly buying into their claims of being Earth friendly. 

Greenwashing is big business, and so is pushing more toxic products to consumers for them to spray on their lawns, shove down their throats, put in their cars or pour away into the sewer system. Most consumer products are highly toxic for people, animals and nature, and before long, nearly all of them will likely carry some kind of greenwashing claim that declares how good they are for the environment. The Earth is being poisoned, day by day, by greenwashing corporations and greedy consumers. It is only a matter of time before it all comes back to bite us so hard that we might end up as a race of chemicallyinduced genetic mutants.

• MIKE ADAMS www.naturalnews.com

01 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) Greenwashing, termo empregado no título, é uma prática comercial que consiste em utilizar argumentos frequentemente enganosos para vender produtos.

Identifique a ideia expressa pela associação entre o título e a ilustração.

Aponte também dois exemplos de prática de greenwashing citados no texto.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:

• Mascaram-se produtos tóxicos para que pareçam inofensivos ao meio ambiente.

>> EXEMPLOS:

• O uso de  logotipos de proteção do meio ambiente em embalagens de lâmpadas fluorescentes de mercúrio.

• A propaganda do biocombustível de etanol de milho como forma de economizar energia. 

02 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) Ao longo do texto, os parágrafos desempenham diferentes funções na construção da argumentação, tais como relatar, opinar, dentre outras.

Indique uma das funções exercidas, respectivamente, pelo terceiro e pelo quarto parágrafos, justificando sua resposta.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> Funções do 3º parágrafo:

• justificar
• criticar
• ironizar a atitude do consumidor
>> Funções do 4º parágrafo:
• aconselhar
• alertar
• advertir o consumidor

>> Justificativa do 3º parágrafo:

• O autor aponta o consumo de produtos considerados ecologicamente corretos como forma de as pessoas se livrarem do sentimento de culpa proveniente da adoção de estilos de vida não sustentáveis. 
>> Justificativas do 4º parágrafo:
• O autor desaconselha as pessoas a consumirem indiscriminadamente produtos considerados sustentáveis, sem a certeza de que não sejam nocivos ao meio ambiente.
• O autor sugere que os consumidores pesquisem mais sobre empresas que se denominam ecologicamente corretas. 

03 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA)

• I have yet to understand the logic of how buying and throwing away mercury-contaminated products has any real benefit to the planet. (l. 4-6)

O trecho acima revela o ponto de vista do autor em relação ao consumo de certos produtos.

Explique esse ponto de vista.

Retire, ainda, em inglês, a palavra que expressa noção de tempo, indicando seu sentido.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> PONTO DE VISTA DO AUTOR:

• O autor mostra que não acredita que produtos contaminados com mercúrio possam trazer benefícios ao meio ambiente.

>> VOCÁBULO:
• Yet: ainda; até o presente momento.

04 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) A expressão let's face it (l. 14) é usada pelo autor para convocar a si próprio e sua audiência a fim de  participar de uma discussão. Além disso, também exerce uma função de caráter argumentativo.

Indique o sentido dessa expressão e explicite sua função na construção do argumento.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> SIGNIFICADO DA EXPRESSÃO:

• encarar a realidade, os fatos, lidando com os problemas
• admitir o lado negativo de uma questão, propondo uma discussão

>> FUNÇÃO CONTEXTUAL:

• Sinalizar a apresentação de um assunto desagradável, de discussão inevitável. 

05 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA)

• consumers like to buy products that they think are green in some way, even if the “green-ness” of those products is highly exaggerated or even entirely fictitious. (l. 14-15)

Neste fragmento, descreve-se um determinado comportamento dos consumidores.Indique esse comportamento e a intenção do autor ao utilizar aspas na palavra “green-ness”.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> COMPORTAMENTO DOS CONSUMIDORES:

• Comprar produtos considerados ecologicamente corretos, mesmo que na verdade não o sejam.

>> INTENÇÃO DO AUTOR:
• enfatizar o sentido figurado da palavra
• destacar a palavra criada pelo o autor.

06 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) Observe as expressões destacadas no fragmento abaixo:

• Beware of green claims by product manufacturers since everybody's on the green bandwagon. Be alert for products that are extremely hazardous to the environment. (l. 21-22)

Explique o sentido de on the green bandwagon e retire do texto, em inglês, duas expressões adjetivas com sentido oposto a hazardous to the environment.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - EXPRESSÕES IDIOMÁTICAS:

>> Sentidos da expressão "on the green bandwagon":

• na onda do verde;
• no movimento verde;
• na moda do ecologicamente correto.

>> Expressões adjetivadas com sentido oposto a "hazardous to the environment":

• Earth friendly;  
• green;
• environmentally friendly;
• Eco-friendly.

07 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) No último parágrafo, o autor faz uma previsão quanto ao futuro da espécie humana.

Explicite essa previsão e indique duas ações, por parte do público em geral, que concorrem para o envenenamento do planeta.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> PREVISÃO:

• Os seres humanos poderão se tornar mutantes, com padrão genético induzido quimicamente. 

>> AÇÕES DE ENVENENAMENTOS DO PLANETA:

• Uso de produtos tóxicos no gramado;

• Uso de produtos tóxicos nos carros;
• Contaminação do sistema de esgoto. 

❑ TEXTO 2:

• www.smashingapps.com

❑ TRADUÇÃO DO CARTAZ  DA CAMPANHA PUBLICITÁRIA:

• I haven't showered in two weeks. I'm saving energy, but I lost my boyfriend.
• Não tomo banho há duas semanas. Estou economizando energia, mas perdi meu namorado.
• Hey, Janice, there's an easier way to save energy.
• Ei, Janice, há uma maneira mais fácil de economizar energia.
• Take public transportation.
• Use o transporte público.
• It'll help the environment and your love life.
• Isso ajudará o meio ambiente e sua vida amorosa.
• Go Green. Go Public.
• Torne-se ecologicamente correto. Utilize o transporte público.

08 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) O cartaz da campanha publicitária mostra Janice, que decidiu tomar uma atitude em prol do meio ambiente.

Indique essa atitude e sua consequência.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> ATITUDE

• Não tomar banho para economizar energia.

>> RESULTADO 

• Ela economizou energia; ela perdeu seu namorado. 

09 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) No cartaz, é possível distinguir mais de uma voz, ou seja, mais de um falante.

Identifique dois falantes e um recurso utilizado para representar cada um deles no cartaz.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> Falante JANICE e recursos:

• apresentação de sua foto
• inserção de sua fala entre aspas - inserção de sua fala em retângulo verde
- emprego do pronome “I” em sua fala
>> INTERLOCUTOR de Janice e recursos:
• apresentação sequencial de sua fala em relação a de Janice
• uso do nome “Janice” em sua fala 
• emprego do pronome “your”
• emprego da interjeição “hey” para chamar a atenção de Janice em sua fala 
• emprego do verbo “take” no imperativo como instrução a Janice
>> Organização responsável pela publicidade
- apresentação do slogan da campanha
- apresentação do endereço virtual da organização
- apresentação do logotipo da organização 

10 – (UERJ-2011-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-DISCURSIVA) O slogan da campanha é composto por duas sequências:

• Go Green. Go Public.

Nomeie o modo em que estão conjugadas as formas verbais, justificando seu emprego.

Indique ainda o significado de cada uma das sequências.

      Comentários e Gabarito      

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

>> USO DO IMPERATIVO:

• fazer recomendação

• apelar ao público
>> SIGNIFICADO de "Go Green":

• Torne-se ecologicamente correto!
• Torne-se verde! 

>> SIGNIFICADO de "Go Public":

• Utilize o transporte coletivo!
• Vá de transporte coletivo! 

UnB-2010/2- Vestibular 2º Semestre da Universidade de Brasília - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de Inglês com gabarito.

Welcome back to another post!

• A pauta aqui é VESTIBULARES DAS UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS.

➧NESTE POST: PROVA de INGLÊS da UnB-2010/2.

➧BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:

• CEBRASPE(Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisa em Avaliação e Seleção e de Promoção de Eventos).

• https://www.cebraspe.org.br

➧LEITURA de textos de jornais digitais, revistas, websites, é um excelente treino para a prova.

➧PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA:
• 30 Questões do tipo (C) ou (E), onde um erro anula um acerto.

• 03 Textos.

➧Agora vamos à PROVA!

TEXTO 1:

This text refers to items from 1 through 7.

(...)

1

Viva muchos años! is the ordinary greeting in Spain, and it is usual throughout the whole world to wish people a long life. It is not a knowledge of what life is that explains the origin of such a wish, but rather knowledge of what man is in his real nature: namely, the will to live.

2

Each culture’s wordview includes beliefs about the meaning and purpose of life and what happens after death. Although the final outcome of death is the same for all humans, cultures vary in how they conceptualize death and what happens when a person dies. In some cultures, death is conceived to involve different conditions, including sleep, illness, and reaching a certain age. As an example, the Truskese of Micronesia believe that life ends at 40 years of age, and when you reach 40, you are, in effect, dead.

3

In other cultures, death is said to occur only when there is a total cessation of life. In a similar manner, certain cultural traditions view death as a transition to other forms of existence; others propose a continuous interaction between the dead and the living; some cultures conceive a circular pattern of multiple deaths and rebirths; and yet others view death as the final end, with nothing occurring after death. These different conceptions have a noticeable influence on people’s lifestyles, their readiness to die for a cause, the degree to which they fear death, their expressions of grief and mourning, and the nature of funeral rituals.

4

The difficulty of having a unitary view of death or the death experience can be better appreciated when we realize that it is problematic to even define what we mean by death. The first  definition of death in Webster’s Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary is that it is “the act of dying; the end of life; the total and permanent cessation of all the vital functions of an animal or plant.” (1989, p.372). This appears straightforward enough, until we realize that it represents a largely Western conception of death. However, a relatively global conceptualization of death issues would have to incorporate the many cultural variations that exist in the world.

Internet: <http://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au>(adapted).

(...)

According to the text above, judge the following items.

1 For the majority of people in the world, death involves different conditions such as sleep, illness and age.

2 The actual meaning and conceptualization of death differ widely across cultures.

3 Irrespective of how death is defined in each culture, all of them understand it as a total cessation of life.

4 The word “straightforward” in the fragment “This appears straightforward enough” (l.31) is synonymous with clear-cut.

5 The knowledge of what man is in his real nature is what explains his desire to live.

6 Cultural variations in conceptions of death have profound implications for how people act in life, how they approach death and dying, whether or not they fear death, and for their funeral and bereavement practices.

7 As the world is increasingly shrinking due to the complex interaction among people from cultures across the world, differences involving conceptions about death are becoming less significant.

👉 Questão-Item  1-Errada :

For the majority of people in the world, death involves different conditions such as sleep, illness and age.

(Para a maioria das pessoas no mundo, a morte envolve diferentes condições, como sono, doença e idade.)

👉 Questão-Item  2-Correta :

The actual meaning and conceptualization of death differ widely across cultures.

(O verdadeiro significado e conceituação da morte diferem amplamente entre as culturas.)

👉 Questão-Item  3-Errada :

Irrespective of how death is defined in each culture, all of them understand it as a total cessation of life.

(Independentemente de como a morte é definida em cada cultura, todos eles a entendem como uma cessação total da vida.)

👉 Questão-Item  4-Correta :

The word “straightforward” in the fragment “This appears straightforward enough” (l.31) is synonymous with clear-cut.

👉 Questão-Item  5-Correta :

The knowledge of what man is in his real nature is what explains his desire to live.

(O conhecimento do que o homem é em sua verdadeira natureza é o que explica seu desejo de viver.)

👉 Questão-Item  6-Correta :

Cultural variations in conceptions of death have profound implications for how people act in life, how they approach death and dying, whether or not they fear death, and for their funeral and bereavement practices.

(As variações culturais nas concepções de morte têm implicações profundas sobre como as pessoas agem na vida, como abordam a morte e o morrer, se temem ou não a morte e para suas práticas de funeral e luto.)

👉 Questão-Item  7-Errada :

As the world is increasingly shrinking due to the complex interaction among people from cultures across the world, differences involving conceptions about death are becoming less significant.

(Como o mundo está cada vez mais encolhendo devido à interação complexa entre pessoas de culturas de todo o mundo, as diferenças envolvendo concepções sobre a morte estão se tornando menos significativas.)

TEXTO 2:

This text refers to items from 8 through 16.

(...)

1

In the second month, the normal human infant breaks into its first smile. The expression is often considered as reflex action, but it soon becomes social, and in the fourth month it develops into that explosive, exclusively human breath pattern called laughter.

2

Laughter makes you feel good. And the good feeling that you get when you laugh remains with you even after the laughter subsides. Humor helps you keep a positive, optimistic outlook through difficult situations, disappointments, and loss.

3

More than just a respite from sadness and pain, laughter gives you the courage and strength to find new sources of meaning and hope. Even in the most difficult of times, a laugh-or even simply a smilecan go a long way toward making you feel better. And laughter really is contagious-just hearing laughter primes your brain and readies you to smile and join in on the fun.

4

Humor is infectious. The sound of roaring laughter is far more contagious than any cough, sniffle, or sneeze. When laughter is shared, it binds people together and increases happiness and intimacy. Humor and playful communication strengthen our relationships by triggering positive feelings and fostering emotional connection. When we laugh with one another, a positive bond is created. This bond acts as a strong buffer against stress, disagreements, and disappointment.

5

In addition to the domino effect of joy and amusement, laughter also triggers healthy physical changes in the body. Humor and laughter strengthen your immune system, boost your energy, diminish pain, and protect you from the damaging effects of stress. Humor lightens your burdens, inspires hopes, and keeps you grounded.

6

With so much power to heal and renew, the ability to laugh easily and frequently is a tremendous resource for surmounting problems. To Germany’s great pessimistic philosopher, Arthur Schopenhauer, laughter was man’s dauntless ally in the battle against “that strict, untiring, troublesome governess, Reason”.

7

Best of all, this priceless medicine is fun, free, and easy to use.

Internet: <www.time.com>, <www.helpguide.org> (adapted).

(...)

According to the text above, judge the items from 8 through 16.

8 Laughing can be a means to overcome problems.

9 Laughing is solely a pause for relaxation from pains one may suffer.

10 Laughter unites people.

11 Infants begin smiling very early in life.

12 One can learn to laugh at any stage of one’s life thus incorporating humor into the fabric of one’s life.

13 Laughing is a reflex action.

14 The word subside in the fragment “even after the laughter subsides” (l.8) means augment.

15 The word trigger in “by triggering positive feelings” (l.24) is the same as hinder.

16 The word “dauntless” in the fragment “man’s dauntless ally in the battle” (R.40) is synonymous with fearless.

👉 Questão-Item  8-Correta :

Laughing can be a means to overcome problems.

(Rir pode ser um meio de superar problemas.)

👉 Questão-Item  9-Errada :

Laughing is solely a pause for relaxation from pains one may suffer.

(Rir é apenas uma pausa para relaxar das dores que podemos sofrer.)

👉 Questão-Item  10-Correta :

Laughter unites people.

(O riso une as pessoas.)

👉 Questão-Item  11-Correta :

Infants begin smiling very early in life.

(Os bebês começam a sorrir muito cedo na vida.)

👉 Questão-Item  12-Errada :

One can learn to laugh at any stage of one’s life thus incorporating humor into the fabric of one’s life.

(Pode-se aprender a rir em qualquer fase da vida, incorporando, assim, o humor ao tecido da vida.)

👉 Questão-Item  13-Errada :

👉 Questão-Item  14-Errada :

👉 Questão-Item  15-Errada :

👉 Questão-Item  16-Correta :

TEXTO 3:

This text refers to items from 17 through 30.

(...)

6,000 languages: an embattled heritage

1

Are the vast majority of languages doomed to die out in the near future? Specialists reckon that no language can survive unless 100,000 people speak it. Half of the 6,000 or so languages in the world today are spoken by fewer than 10,000 people and a quarter by less than 1,000. Only a score are spoken by hundreds of millions of people.

2

The death of language is not a new phenomenon. Since languages diversified, at least 30,000 (some say as many as half a million) of them have been born and disappeared, often without leaving any trace. Languages usually have a relatively short life span as well as a very high death rate. Only a few, including Basque, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit and Tamil, have lasted more than 2,000 years.

3

What is new, however, is the speed at which they are dying out. Europe’s colonial conquests caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity, eliminating at least 15 per cent of all languages spoken at the time. Over the last 300 years, Europe has lost a dozen, and Australia has only 20 left of the 250 spoken at the end of the 18th century. In Brazil, about 540 (three-quarters of the total) have died out since Portuguese colonization began in 1530.

4

By making great efforts to establish an official language in education, the media and the civil service, national governments have deliberately tried to eliminate minority languages. This process of linguistic standardization has been boosted by industrialization and scientific progress, which have imposed new methods of communication that are swift, straightforward and practical. Language diversity came to be seen as an obstacle to trade and the spread of knowledge.

5

More recently, the internationalization of financial markets, the dissemination of information by electronic media and other aspects of globalization have intensified the threat to “small” languages. A language that is not on the Internet is a language that “no longer exists” in the modern world.

6

The rate of language extinction has now reached the unprecedented worldwide level of 10 every year. Some people predict that 50 to 90 per cent of today’s spoken languages will disappear during this century. Their preservation is an urgent matter.

7

The 1992 Rio Earth Summit set up machinery to combat shrinking biodiversity. Now, it is time for a Rio summit to tackle languages. A number of instruments have been adopted, and projects have been launched to safeguard what is now considered a heritage of humanity. These laws and initiatives may not prevent languages from dying out, but at least they will slow down this process and encourage multilingualism.

Internet: <www.unesco.org>(adapted).

(...)

According to the text above, judge the following items.

17 Language diversity is imperilled.

18 Approximately 6,000 languages are spoken in the world today.

19 The main idea of the text is that language diversity is an obstacle to trade and to the spread of knowledge.

20 By the end of this century, the rate of language extinction will have reached unprecedented levels.

21 According to specialists, languages are condemned to death unless as many as 100,000 people speak them.

22 Given the speed at which languages are dying out, 15 per cent of the languages spoken today will have disappeared in a period of 300 years.

23 Languages such as Basque and Tamil may disappear in the foreseeable future.

24 The fate of a language depends ultimately on its diversification.

25 The disappearance of minority languages may be accompanied by the emergence of new variants spawned by the diversification of dominant languages.

26 Ten languages have died out each year all through the world.

27 The word “sharp” in the fragment “caused a sharp decline in linguistic diversity” (l.8-9) is synonymous with progressive.

28 The word “which” in the fragment “which have imposed new methods” refers to “industrialization and scientific progress” (l.14).

29 The word “shrinking” in “to combat shrinking biodiversity” (l.22) is the same as stretching.

30 The verb “to prevent” in the fragment “may not prevent languages from dying out” (l.24) is closest in meaning to incite.

👉 Questão-Item  17-Correta :

Language diversity is imperilled.

👉 Questão-Item  18-Correta :

Approximately 6,000 languages are spoken in the world today.

👉 Questão-Item  19-Errada :

The main idea of the text is that language diversity is an obstacle to trade and to the spread of knowledge.

👉 Questão-Item  20-Errada :

By the end of this century, the rate of language extinction will have reached unprecedented levels.

👉 Questão-Item  21-Correta :

According to specialists, languages are condemned to death unless as many as 100,000 people speak them.

👉 Questão-Item  22-Errada :

Given the speed at which languages are dying out, 15 per cent of the languages spoken today will have disappeared in a period of 300 years.

👉 Questão-Item  23-Errada :

Languages such as Basque and Tamil may disappear in the foreseeable future.

👉 Questão-Item  24-Errada :

The fate of a language depends ultimately on its diversification.

👉 Questão-Item  25-Errada :

The disappearance of minority languages may be accompanied by the emergence of new variants spawned by the diversification of dominant languages.

👉 Questão-Item  26-Errada :

Ten languages have died out each year all through the world.

👉 Questão-Item  27-Errada :

👉 Questão-Item  28-Correta :

The word “which” in the fragment “which have imposed new methods” refers to “industrialization and scientific progress” (l.14).

👉 Questão-Item  29-Errada :

👉 Questão-Item  30-Errada :