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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• UECE-2014.1-VESTIBULAR-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-08/12/13.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
• 20 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 4 Options Each Question.
• Texto – | A Blunt Chief Justice Unafraid to Upset Brazil's Status Quo | www.nytimes.com |
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ FONTE DO TEXTO:
* The New York Times é um jornal diário estadunidense. A versão impressa do jornal tem a segunda maior circulação, atrás do The Wall Street Journal. Apelidado de "The Lady Gray", o New York Times há muito tempo tem sido considerado um "jornal de referência" nacional.
❑ TEXTO:
❑ GABARITO:
01-D, 02-A, 03-B, 04-B, 05-C
06-D, 07-A, 08-D, 09-C, 10-D
11-B, 12-D, 13-C, 14-C, 15-A
16-C, 17-B, 18-B, 19-C, 20-B
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT:
BRASÍLIA — Brazil’s highest court has long
viewed itself as a bastion of manners and formality.
Justices call one another “Your Excellency,” dress in
billowing robes and wrap each utterance in
grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era
when marquises and dukes held sway from their
vast plantations.
BRASÍLIA - O mais alto tribunal do Brasil há muito se vê como um bastião de boas maneiras e formalidade. Os juízes chamam uns aos outros de “Sua Excelência”, vestem túnicas esvoaçantes e envolvem cada declaração em grandiloquência, como se pouco tivesse mudado desde a época em que marqueses e duques dominavam suas vastas plantações.
In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned
another justice about whether he would even be on
the court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a
former president impeached in 1992.
Em uma disputa televisionada, Barbosa questionou outro juiz sobre se ele estaria na corte se não tivesse sido nomeado por seu primo, um ex-presidente cassado em 1992.
With another
justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over what the chief
justice considered his condescending tone, telling
him he was not his “capanga,” a term describing a
hired thug.
Com outro ministro, Barbosa o repreendeu pelo que o presidente considerou seu tom condescendente, dizendo que ele não era seu “capanga”, termo que descreve um bandido contratado.
In one of his most scathing comments, Mr.
Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice,
took on the entire legal system of Brazil — where it
is still remarkably rare for politicians to ever spend
time in prison, even after being convicted of crimes
— contending that the mentality of judges was
“conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-impunity.”
Em um de seus comentários mais contundentes, Barbosa, o primeiro e único juiz negro do Supremo Tribunal, assumiu todo o sistema jurídico do Brasil - onde ainda é notavelmente raro que políticos passem algum tempo na prisão, mesmo depois de condenados por crimes - alegando que a mentalidade dos juízes era “conservadora, pró-status quo e pró-impunidade”.
“I have a temperament that doesn’t adapt well
to politics,” Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a recent
interview in his quarters here in the Supreme
Federal Tribunal, a modernist landmark designed by
the architect Oscar Niemeyer. “It’s because I speak
my mind so much.”
“Tenho um temperamento que não se adapta bem à política”, disse Barbosa, 58 anos, em entrevista recente em seus aposentos aqui no Supremo Tribunal Federal, um marco modernista projetado pelo arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer. “É porque eu falo muito o que penso.”
His acknowledged lack of tact
notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a
series of socially liberal and establishment-shaking
rulings, turning Brazil’s highest court — and him in
particular — into a newfound political power and the
subject of popular fascination.
Apesar de sua reconhecida falta de tato, ele é a força motriz por trás de uma série de decisões socialmente liberais e que abalam o establishment, transformando a mais alta corte do Brasil – e ele em particular – em um poder político recém-descoberto e objeto de fascínio popular.
The court’s recent rulings include a unanimous
decision upholding the University of Brasília’s
admissions policies aimed at increasing the number
of black and indigenous students, opening the way
for one of the Western Hemisphere’s most sweeping
affirmative action laws for higher education.
As recentes decisões do tribunal incluem uma decisão unânime em manter as políticas de admissão da Universidade de Brasília destinadas a aumentar o número de estudantes negros e indígenas, abrindo caminho para uma das leis de ação afirmativa mais abrangentes do Hemisfério Ocidental para o ensino superior.
In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway
as chief justice and president of the panel
overseeing Brazil’s judiciary to effectively legalize
same-sex marriage across the country.
Em outro movimento, o Sr. Barbosa usou sua influência como chefe de justiça e presidente do painel que supervisiona o judiciário do Brasil para efetivamente legalizar o casamento entre pessoas do mesmo sexo em todo o país.
And in an
anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the
precedent-setting trial of senior political figures in
the governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast
vote-buying scheme.
E em uma cruzada anticorrupção, ele está supervisionando o julgamento de figuras políticas importantes no governo do Partido dos Trabalhadores por seus papéis em um vasto esquema de compra de votos.
Ascending to Brazil’s high court, much less
pushing the institution to assert its independence,
long seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest
of eight children raised in Paracatu, an impoverished
city in Minas Gerais State, where his father worked
as a bricklayer.
Ascender ao Supremo Tribunal Federal, muito menos pressionar a instituição a reivindicar sua independência, parecia por muito tempo fora do alcance de Barbosa, o mais velho de oito filhos criados em Paracatu, uma cidade empobrecida no estado de Minas Gerais, onde seu pai trabalhava como pedreiro.
But his prominence — not just on the court,
but in the streets as well — is so well established
that masks with his face were sold for Carnival,
amateur musicians have composed songs about his
handling of the corruption trial and posted them on
YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge street
protests that shook the nation this year told
pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top
choices for president in next year’s elections.
Mas sua proeminência - não só na quadra, mas também nas ruas - está tão bem estabelecida que máscaras com seu rosto foram vendidas para o carnaval, músicos amadores compuseram canções sobre como lidou com o julgamento por corrupção e as postaram no YouTube, e manifestantes durante os grandes protestos de rua que abalaram o país este ano disseram aos pesquisadores que Barbosa era uma de suas principais escolhas para presidente nas eleições do ano que vem.
While the protests have subsided since their
height in June, the political tumult they set off
persists. The race for president, once considered a
shoo-in for the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, is now
up in the air, with Mr. Barbosa — who is now so
much in the public eye that gossip columnists are
following his romance with a woman in her 20s —
repeatedly saying he will not run. “I’m not a
candidate for anything,” he says.
Embora os protestos tenham diminuído desde o seu auge em Junho, o tumulto político que desencadearam persiste. A corrida para presidente, antes considerada um shoo-in para o titular, Dilma Rousseff, agora está no ar, com o Sr. Barbosa - que agora está tanto nos olhos do público que os colunistas de fofocas estão acompanhando seu romance com uma mulher em seus 20 anos - repetidamente dizendo que não vai concorrer. “Não sou candidato a nada”, diz ele.
But the same public glare that has turned
him into a celebrity has singed him as well. While
he has won widespread admiration for his guidance
of the high court, Mr. Barbosa, like almost every
other prominent political figure in Brazil, has
recently come under scrutiny. And for someone
accustomed to criticizing the so-called supersalaries awarded to some members of Brazil’s legal
system, the revelations have put Mr. Barbosa on
the defensive.
Mas o mesmo brilho público que o transformou em uma celebridade também o cansou. Embora tenha conquistado ampla admiração por sua liderança no tribunal superior, Barbosa, como quase todas as outras figuras políticas proeminentes no Brasil, recentemente foi alvo de escrutínio. E para alguém acostumado a criticar os chamados supersalários concedidos a alguns membros do sistema jurídico brasileiro, as revelações colocaram Barbosa na defensiva.
One report in the Brazilian news media
described how he received about $180,000 in
payments for untaken leaves of absence during his
19 years as a public prosecutor. (Such payments
are common in some areas of Brazil’s large public
bureaucracy.)
Uma reportagem da mídia brasileira descreveu como ele recebeu cerca de US$ 180.000 em pagamentos por licenças não usufruídas durante seus 19 anos como promotor público. (Esses pagamentos são comuns em algumas áreas da grande burocracia pública do Brasil.)
Another noted that he bought an
apartment in Miami through a limited liability
company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on
the property. In statements, Mr. Barbosa contends
that he has done nothing wrong.
Outro observou que comprou um apartamento em Miami por meio de uma sociedade limitada, sugerindo um esforço para pagar menos impostos sobre a propriedade. Em declarações, o Sr. Barbosa afirma que não fez nada de errado.
In a country where a majority of people now
define themselves as black or of mixed race — but
where blacks remain remarkably rare in the
highest echelons of political institutions and
corporations — Mr. Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt
manner have elicited both widespread admiration
and a fair amount of resistance.
Em um país onde a maioria das pessoas agora se define como negra ou mestiça - mas onde os negros permanecem extraordinariamente raros nos mais altos escalões das instituições políticas e corporações - a trajetória de Barbosa e seus modos bruscos suscitaram tanto a admiração generalizada quanto uma boa dose de de resistência.
As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the
capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in a
courtroom. Against the odds, he got into the
University of Brasília, the only black student in its
law program at the time.
Quando adolescente, o Sr. Barbosa mudou-se para a capital, Brasília, trabalhando como zelador em um tribunal. Contra todas as probabilidades, ele entrou na Universidade de Brasília, o único aluno negro do curso de Direito na época.
Wanting to see the
world, he later won admission into Brazil’s
diplomatic service, which promptly sent him to
Helsinki, the Finnish capital on the shore of the
Baltic Sea.
Querendo conhecer o mundo, mais tarde foi admitido no serviço diplomático do Brasil, que prontamente o encaminhou para Helsinque, a capital finlandesa às margens do mar Báltico.
Sensing that he would not advance much in
the diplomatic service, which he has called “one of
the most discriminatory institutions of Brazil,” Mr.
Barbosa opted for a career as a prosecutor.
Pressentindo que não iria avançar muito no serviço diplomático, que chamou de “uma das instituições mais discriminatórias do Brasil”, Barbosa optou pela carreira de promotor.
He
alternated between legal investigations in Brazil
and studies abroad, gaining fluency in English,
French and German, and earning a doctorate in
law at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris.
Ele alternou entre investigações jurídicas no Brasil e estudos no exterior, ganhando fluência em inglês, francês e alemão, e doutorando-se em direito pela Universidade Pantheon-Assas, em Paris.
Fascinated by the legal systems of other
countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative
action in the United States.
Fascinado pelos sistemas jurídicos de outros países, Barbosa escreveu um livro sobre ação afirmativa nos Estados Unidos.
He still voices his
admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the
first black Supreme Court justice in the United
States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years
embodied the court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing
inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil’s high
court toward socially liberal rulings.
Ele ainda expressa sua admiração por figuras como Thurgood Marshall, o primeiro juiz negro da Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos, e William J. Brennan Jr., que durante anos incorporou a visão liberal do tribunal, claramente inspirando-se neles enquanto pressionava o tribunal superior do Brasil. em direção a decisões socialmente liberais.
Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into
Brazil’s public imagination as much as his handling
of the trial of political operatives, legislators and
bankers found guilty in a labyrinthine corruption
scandal called the mensalão, or big monthly
allowance, after the regular payments made to
lawmakers in exchange for their votes.
Ainda assim, nenhuma decisão colocou Barbosa na imaginação pública do Brasil tanto quanto a maneira como lidou com o julgamento de agentes políticos, legisladores e banqueiros considerados culpados em um escândalo labiríntico de corrupção chamado mensalão, ou grande subsídio mensal, após os pagamentos regulares feitos a legisladores em troca de seus votos.
Last November, at Mr. Barbosa’s urging, the
high court sentenced some of the most powerful
figures in the governing Workers Party to years in
prison for their crimes in the scheme, including
bribery and unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political
system in which impunity for politicians has been the
norm.
Em novembro passado, a pedido de Barbosa, o tribunal superior condenou algumas das figuras mais poderosas do Partido dos Trabalhadores a anos de prisão por seus crimes no esquema, incluindo suborno e conspiração ilegal, abalando um sistema político no qual a impunidade para os políticos tem sido a norma.
Now the mensalão trial is entering what could
be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa has at times
been visibly exasperated that defendants who have
already been found guilty and sentenced have
managed to avoid hard jail time.
Agora o julgamento do mensalão está entrando no que poderia ser sua fase final, e o Sr. Barbosa às vezes fica visivelmente exasperado com o fato de réus que já foram considerados culpados e sentenciados terem conseguido evitar duras penas de prisão.
He has clashed
with other justices over their consideration of a rare
legal procedure in which appeals over close votes at
the high court are examined.
Ele entrou em conflito com outros juízes sobre a consideração de um procedimento legal raro em que são examinados recursos sobre votos apertados no tribunal superior.
Losing his patience with one prominent
justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to absolve
some defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa
publicly accused him this month of “chicanery” by
using legalese to prop up certain positions.
Perdendo a paciência com um juiz proeminente, Ricardo Lewandowski, que tentou absolver alguns réus de certos crimes, Barbosa acusou-o publicamente este mês de “chicanaria”, ao usar o jargão jurídico para sustentar certas posições.
An
outcry ensued among some who could not stomach
Mr. Barbosa’s talking to a fellow justice like that.
“Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?”
asked Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for the newspaper
O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was
qualified to preside over the court. “What powers
does he think he has just because he’s sitting in the
chair of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal
Tribunal?”
Seguiu-se um clamor entre alguns que não suportavam a conversa do Sr. Barbosa com um colega de justiça como aquele. “Quem o ministro Joaquim Barbosa pensa que é?” perguntou Ricardo Noblat, colunista do jornal O Globo, questionando se o Sr. Barbosa estava qualificado para presidir o tribunal. “Que poderes ele pensa que tem só porque está na cadeira de presidente do Supremo Tribunal Federal?”
Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the
interview, he said some tension was necessary for
the court to function properly. “It was always like
this,” he said, contending that arguments are now
just easier to see because the court’s proceedings
are televised.
O Sr. Barbosa não se desculpou. Na entrevista, ele disse que alguma tensão era necessária para que o tribunal funcionasse adequadamente. “Sempre foi assim”, disse ele, argumentando que os argumentos agora são mais fáceis de ver porque os procedimentos do tribunal são televisionados.
Linking the court’s work to the recent wave of
protests, he explained that he strongly disagreed
with the violence of some demonstrators, but he
also said he believed that the street movements
were “a sign of democracy’s exuberance.”
Vinculando o trabalho do tribunal à recente onda de protestos, ele explicou que discordava veementemente da violência de alguns manifestantes, mas também disse acreditar que os movimentos de rua eram “um sinal da exuberância da democracia”.
“People don’t want to passively stand by and
observe these arrangements of the elite, which were
always the Brazilian tradition,” he said.
“As pessoas não querem ficar passivamente observando esses arranjos da elite, que sempre foram a tradição brasileira”, disse.
01 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
When Mr. Barbosa was a teenager, he was
employed as a
A) legislator in Salvador.
B) bricklayer in Brasília.
C) public prosecutor.
D) janitor in a courtroom.
02 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text, Mr. Barbosa’s
eminence could truly be seen when
A) his face appeared in Carnival masks.
B) he was interviewed by CNN International.
C) he appeared in the middle of street protests in
Brasília.
D) the media spread his affair with a young
woman.
03 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
One of the Chief Justice’s positive actions
the text mentions was
A) allowing amateur musicians to join an
orchestra in Minas Gerais.
B) helping to legalize same-sex marriage all over
Brazil.
C) pushing the country’s high court to assert its
independence.
D) building a public school in the impoverished
city of Paracatu.
04 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
One criticism made by Mr. Barbosa was that
judges’ mentality in Brazil, besides being prostatus quo, was also
A) against some rulings that could benefit
indigenous people.
B) old-fashioned and in favor of impunity.
C) not in favor of allowing the admission of black
students in Brasília’s colleges.
D) in favor of capital punishment.
05 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
Speaking with journalists recently, the Chief
Justice explained the reason why
A) justices must dress in billowing robes.
B) he is uncomfortable with the media attention.
C) he couldn’t fit into politics.
D) impunity should no longer exist in the
country.
06 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
One of the reasons Mr. Barbosa got very
irritated was the fact that some of the mensalão
defendants
A) accused him of chicanery.
B) have never paid taxes.
C) still receive their huge salaries.
D) were able to shun long time in prison.
07 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
Despite his rude manner, Mr. Barbosa is
praised for some important rulings, like helping to
A) augment the number of black and indigenous
students in universities.
B) oversee former trials of political figures in
Democratic Party.
C) establish strong rulings against child labor.
D) organize street movements.
08 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The Brazilian tradition, according to Mr.
Barbosa, refers to a period of time in Brazil when
A) vote-buying schemes did not occur in our
political system.
B) politicians did spend time in jail.
C) admission policies increased the number of
black students in colleges.
D) people stood by in a passive way and watched
the elite’s arrangements.
09 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
Besides being the subject of public fascination
for his crusade against corruption, the Chief Justice
is also known for
A) participating in the recent wave of protests.
B) keeping his cool with his fellow justices.
C) promoting socially liberal rulings.
D) helping to impeach a former president.
10 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentences
“he explained that he strongly
disagreed with the violence of some demonstrators,”
“In one of his most scathing comments, Mr.
Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice,
took on the entire legal system of Brazil […]
contending that the mentality of judges was
‘conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-impunity,’ ”
and
“In the interview, he said some tension was
necessary for the court to function properly”
contain,
respectively, a/an
A) noun clause, a noun clause, and an adjective
clause.
B) adjective clause, a noun clause, and an adverb
clause.
C) adverb clause, an adjective clause, and a noun
clause.
D) noun clause, a noun clause, and a noun clause.
• ANSWER (A)
- In the 1st sentence, "he explained that he strongly disagreed with the violence of some demonstrators,”(ele explicou QUE discordava veementemente da violência de alguns manifestantes), we have a subordinate clause started by THAT, which indicates a NOUN CLAUSE.
- In the 2nd sentence "In one of his most scathing comments, Mr. Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice, took on the entire legal system of Brazil […] contending that the mentality of judges was ‘conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-impunity"(Em um de seus comentários mais contundentes, o Sr. Barbosa, o primeiro e único juiz negro do tribunal superior, assumiu todo o sistema jurídico do Brasil [...] alegando QUE a mentalidade dos juízes era 'conservadora, pró-status-quo e pró -impunidade)", we have a subordinate clause started by THAT, which indicates a NOUN CLAUSE.
- In the 3rd sentence "In the interview, he said some tension was necessary for the court to function properly"(Na entrevista, ele disse QUE alguma tensão era necessária para o bom funcionamento do tribunal), we have a subordinate clause that in this case, could be started by a THAT, which indicates a NOUN CLAUSE.
11 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentences
“Last November, at Mr.
Barbosa’s urging, the high court sentenced some
of the most powerful figures in the governing
Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in
the scheme”
and
“Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on
affirmative action in the United States”
contain,
respectively, a/an
A) direct object and an indirect object.
B) direct object and a direct object.
C) object noun clause and a direct object.
D) direct object and an object noun clause.
12 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the sentences
“He still voices his
admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the
first black Supreme Court justice in the United
States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years
embodied the court’s liberal vision,”
“he later won
admission into Brazil’s diplomatic service, which
promptly sent him to Helsinki,”
and
“But the same
public glare that has turned him into a celebrity
has singed him as well,”
the relative clauses in
each one are, respectively, classified as
A) defining, non-defining, and defining.
B) non-defining, defining, and non-defining.
C) defining, non-defining, and non-defining.
D) non-defining, non-defining, and defining.
13 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentences
“he is the driving force behind
a series of socially liberal and establishmentshaking rulings”
and
“Mr. Barbosa was one of their
top choices for president in next year’s elections”
contain, respectively, a/an
A) subject noun clause and a subject
complement.
B) object complement and an object
complement.
C) subject complement and a subject
complement.
D) subject complement and subject noun clause.
14 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentences
“I have a temperament that
doesn’t adapt well to politics”
and
“I’m not a
candidate for anything”
are, respectively,
A) simple and compound.
B) compound and simple.
C) complex and simple.
D) simple and simple.
15 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The sentence
“They are televising the court’s
proceedings”
in the passive becomes
A) The court’s proceedings are being televised.
B) The court’s proceedings can be televised.
C) The court’s proceedings are been televised.
D) The court’s proceedings are to be televised.
16 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the sentences
“Mr. Barbosa took on the
entire legal system,”
“he is overseeing the
precedent-setting trial,”
and
“Mr. Barbosa has at
times been exasperated,”
the verbs are,
respectively, in the
A) simple present, present perfect, and present
continuous.
B) past perfect, simple present, and present
perfect.
C) simple past, present continuous, and present
perfect.
D) simple past, present perfect, and present
continuous.
17 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the phrases
“his condescending tone,”
“contending that arguments,”
and
“the court’s
proceedings,”
the –ING words function, respectively,
as:
A) verb, verb, verb.
B) adjective, verb, noun.
C) verb, noun, adjective.
D) adjective, noun, noun.
18 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
The expression
“Not just on the court, but in
the streets as well”
can be correctly rewritten as
A) not just on the court, but so in the streets.
B) not only on the court, but also in the streets.
C) not just on the court, too in the streets.
D) not only on the court, but too in the streets.
19 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the sentence
“Wanting to see the world, he
later won admission into Brazil’s diplomatic service,”
the underlined phrase can be correctly rewritten as
A) want to seeing the world.
B) wanted to see the world.
C) because he wanted to see the world.
D) because he wanted seeing the world.
20 – (UECE-2014/1-2ª FASE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-VESTIBULAR)
In the sentence
“A political system in which
impunity in politics has been the norm,”
the verb
phrase in the future perfect tense becomes
A) would have been.
B) will have been.
C) will have being.
D) will been being.