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domingo, 15 de novembro de 2020

CESGRANRIO-2011 – SUAPE – NÍVEL SUPERIOR – LÍNGUA INGLESA – COMPANHIA PETROQUÍMICA DE PERNAMBUCO. – PROVA COM GABARITO & TEXTO TRADUZIDO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESACESGRANRIO-2010-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR-01/03/2011.

www.cesgranrio.org.br
❑ ORGANIZADORhttps://www.cesgranrio.org.br/
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 5 MCQs (Multiple-Choice Questions) | 5 Options Each Question.
 Text – | Cleaning up a spill | www.usatoday.com |

 TEXTO:
 TEXTO:
Cleaning up a spill
Limpando um derramamento

Written by Laura Hill

Water and oil don’t mix. – Água e óleo não se misturam.

We see this every day; just try washing olive oil off your hands without soap or washing your face in the morning with only water. – Vemos isso todos os dias; experimente lavar o azeite das mãos sem sabão ou lavar o rosto pela manhã apenas com água.

It just doesn’t work! – Simplesmente não funciona!

When an oil spill occurs in the ocean, like the catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico, what do scientists do to clean up the toxic mess? – Quando ocorre um derramamento de óleo no oceano, como a catástrofe no Golfo do México, o que os cientistas fazem para limpar a bagunça tóxica?

There are a number of options for an oil spill cleanup and most efforts use a combination of many techniques. – Existem várias opções para a limpeza de derramamentos de óleo e a maioria dos esforços usa uma combinação de muitas técnicas.

The fact that oil and water don’t mix is a blessing and a curse. If oil mixed with water, it would be difficult to divide the two. – O fato de óleo e água não se misturarem é uma bênção e uma maldição. Se o óleo fosse misturado com água, seria difícil dividir os dois.

Crude oil is less dense than water; it spreads out to make a very thin layer (about one millimetre thick) that floats on top of the water. – O petróleo bruto é menos denso que a água; ele se espalha formando uma camada muito fina (cerca de um milímetro de espessura) que flutua no topo da água.

This is good because we can tell what is water and what is oil. It is also bad, because it means the oil can spread really quickly and cover a very large area, which becomes difficult to manage. – Isto é bom porque podemos dizer o que é água e o que é óleo. Também é mau, porque significa que o óleo pode espalhar-se muito rapidamente e cobrir uma área muito grande, o que se torna difícil de gerir.

Combined with wind, ocean currents and waves, oil spill cleanup starts to get really tricky. – Combinado com o vento, as correntes oceânicas e as ondas, a limpeza de derramamentos de óleo começa a ficar realmente complicada.

Chemical dispersants can be used to break up big oil slicks into small oil droplets. – Dispersantes químicos podem ser usados para quebrar grandes manchas de óleo em pequenas gotas de óleo.

They work like soaps by emulsifying the hydrophobic (waterrepelling) oil in the water. – Eles funcionam como sabonetes, emulsionando o óleo hidrofóbico (repelente à água) na água.

These small droplets can degrade in the ecosystem quicker than the big oil slick. – Estas pequenas gotículas podem degradar-se no ecossistema mais rapidamente do que uma grande mancha de petróleo.

But unfortunately, this means that marine life of all sizes ingest these toxic, broken-down particles and chemicals. – Mas, infelizmente, isto significa que a vida marinha de todos os tamanhos ingerem estas partículas e produtos químicos tóxicos e decompostos.

If the oil is thick enough, it could be set fire, a process called “in situ burning”. – Se o óleo for suficientemente espesso, pode ser incendiado, processo denominado “queima in situ”.

Because the oil is highly flammable and floats on top of the water, it is very easy to set it alight. – Como o óleo é altamente inflamável e flutua na água, é muito fácil incendiá-lo.

It’s not environmentally friendly though; the combustion of oil releases thick smoke that contains greenhouse gases and other dangerous air pollutants. – Porém, não é ecologicamente correto; a combustão do petróleo libera uma fumaça espessa que contém gases de efeito estufa e outros poluentes atmosféricos perigosos.

Some techniques can contain and recapture spilled oil without changing its chemical composition. – Algumas técnicas podem conter e recapturar o óleo derramado sem alterar sua composição química.

Booms float on top of the water and act as barriers to the movement of oil. – As lanças flutuam na superfície da água e atuam como barreiras ao movimento do petróleo.

Once the oil is controlled, it can be gathered using sorbents. “Sorbent” is a fancy word for sponge. – Uma vez controlado o óleo, ele pode ser coletado com sorventes. “Sorvente” é uma palavra chique para esponja.

These sponges absorb the oil and allow it to be collected by siphoning it off the water. – Essas esponjas absorvem o óleo e permitem que ele seja coletado por sifão da água.

However, weather and sea conditions can prevent and obstruct the use of booms, sorbents and in situ burning. – Contudo, as condições climáticas e do mar podem impedir e obstruir o uso de barreiras, sorventes e queima in situ.

Imagine trying to perform these operations on the open sea with wind, waves and water currents moving the oil (and your boat!) around on the water. – Imagine tentar realizar estas operações em mar aberto com vento, ondas e correntes de água movimentando o petróleo (e o seu barco!) na água.

What about the plants and animals? – E as plantas e os animais?

It’s easy to forget about the organisms in the sea that are under water. – É fácil esquecer os organismos do mar que estão debaixo d’água.

Out of sight, out of mind! – Fora da vista, longe da mente!

There is not much we can do to help them. – Não há muito que possamos fazer para ajudá-los.

But when oil reaches the shore it impacts sensitive coastal environments including the many fish, bird, amphibian, reptilian, and crustacean species that live there. – Mas quando o petróleo chega à costa, tem impacto em ambientes costeiros sensíveis, incluindo as muitas espécies de peixes, aves, anfíbios, répteis e crustáceos que ali vivem.

We have easy access to these areas and there are some things we can do to clean up. – Temos fácil acesso a essas áreas e há algumas coisas que podemos fazer para limpar.

For the plants, it is often a matter of setting them on fire, or leaving them to degrade the oil naturally. Sometimes, we can spray the oil with nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) that can encourage the growth of specialized microorganisms. – Para as plantas, muitas vezes é uma questão de atear fogo ou deixá-las degradar o óleo naturalmente. Às vezes, podemos pulverizar o óleo com nutrientes (fósforo e nitrogênio) que podem estimular o crescimento de microrganismos especializados.

For species that can tolerate our soaps, manpower is needed to wash every affected animal. – Para espécies que toleram nossos sabonetes, é necessária mão de obra para lavar todos os animais afetados.

Yet, if the animal has tried to lick itself clean, it can die from ingesting the toxic oil. – No entanto, se o animal tentar lamber-se para se limpar, pode morrer por ingestão do óleo tóxico.

Unfortunately, there can be many negative economic and social impacts, in addition to the environmental impacts of oil spills and, as you’ve just read, the clean up techniques are far from perfect. – Infelizmente, pode haver muitos impactos económicos e sociais negativos, para além dos impactos ambientais dos derrames de petróleo e, como acabou de ler, as técnicas de limpeza estão longe de ser perfeitas.

Prevention is the very best cleanup technique we have. – A prevenção é a melhor técnica de limpeza que temos.
http://www.curiocity.ca/everyday-science/environment/item/636 -cleaning-up-a-spill.html, retrieved on Dec 10, 2010 11

11 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

The main purpose of the text is to

(A) suggest different strategies that should be used to avoid oil spills and sea pollution.
(B) alert about the effects of bad weather and sea conditions on containers that transport oil.
(C) demand that scientists help wash plants and animals that have been affected by oil spills.
(D) defend the use of chemical dispersants as the only form of cleaning the oceans after an oil spill.
(E) argue that it is easier to avoid disasters caused by oil spills than to clean them up.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

12 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

According to the text, “in situ burning” (line 29)

is

(A) the best form of controlling a spill by using sponges to absorb the excess oil.
(B) the process of setting fire to the barriers that control the movement of oil on the ocean.
(C) a danger to the ecosystem because of the polluting smoke that results from the fire.
(D) a means to control large oil slicks without changing their chemical composition.
(E) an ecological procedure that does not pollute the environment or contaminate animals.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

13 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

In terms of meaning it is correct to say that

(A) “…degrade…” (line 24) and deteriorate are antonyms.
(B) “…ingest…” (line 26) and consume express opposite ideas.
(C) “…releases…” (line 32) and absorbs have similar meanings.
(D) “…dangerous…” (line 34) and unsafe are equivalent in meaning.
(E) “…encourage…” (line 58) and stimulate express contradictory ideas.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

14 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR)

The only sentence where the boldfaced word DOES NOT express an idea of contrast is

(A) “But unfortunately, this means that marine life of all sizes ingest these toxic, broken-down particles and chemicals.” (lines 25-27)
(B) “Because the oil is highly flammable and floats on top of the water, it is very easy to set it alight.” (lines 29-31)
(C) “It’s not environmentally-friendly though;” (lines 31-32)
(D) “However, weather and sea conditions can prevent and obstruct the use of booms, sorbents and in situ burning.” (lines 42-44)
(E) “Yet, if the animal has tried to lick itself clean, it can die from ingesting the toxic oil.” (lines 61-63)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - COMPREENSÃO TEXTUAL:

15 – (CESGRANRIO-2011-SUAPE-NÍVEL SUPERIOR) 

In

They work like soaps by emulsifying the hydrophobic (water-repelling) oil in the water.” (lines 21-23),

they refers to

(A) “…waves,” (line 19)
(B) “…dispersants...” (line 20)
(C) “…slicks…” (line 21)
(D) “…droplets.” (line 21)
(E) “…soaps…” (line 22)

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - REFERÊNCIA PRONOMINAL:

CESPE – CEBRASPE – 2014 – TJ/SE – TÉCNICO JUDICIÁRIO (Cargo 20) – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CONCURSO PÚBLICO – TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DE SERGIPE – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESACEBRASPE-2014-TJ/SE- TÉCNICO JUDICIÁRIO (Cargo 20).

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR:
 PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 09 questões do tipo  CORRETA (C) ou ERRADA (E).
➧ GABARITO:


01-C, 02-C, 03-E, 04-E, 05-C
06-C, 07-E, 08-C, 09-E


➧ VOCABULÁRIO:
  • Verbo (to assess=avaliar) ➝ assessed = avaliada. 
  • Verbo (to access=acessar) ➝ accessed = acessada.
  • An information security assessment - Uma avaliação de segurança da informação.
➧ TEXTO 1:

An information security assessment is the process of determining how effectively an entity being assessed (e.g., host, system, network, procedure, person — known as the assessment object) meets specific security objectives. Three types of assessment methods can be used to accomplish this — testing, examination, and interviewing. Testing is the process of exercising one or more assessment objects under specified conditions to compare actual and expected behaviors. Examination is the process of checking, inspecting, reviewing, observing, studying, or analyzing one or more assessment objects to facilitate understanding, achieve clarification, or obtain evidence. Interviewing is the process of conducting discussions with individuals or groups within an organization to facilitate understanding, achieve clarification, or identify the location of evidence. Assessment results are used to support the determination of security control effectiveness over time.

Technical guide to information security testing and assessment. Internet: <http://csrc.nist.gov> (adapted).

Based on the above text, judge the following items.

01. In the text, the word “accomplish” (l.5) has the same meaning as “achieve” (l.11).

02. Testing, examination and interviewing are methods which can result in effective assessments of people.

03. In the text, “used to” (l.15) could be correctly replaced by accustomed, without changing the meaning of the text.

04. In the text, the word “assessed” (l.2) is synonymous with the word accessed.

➧ TEXTO 2:

Facebook wasn’t the first to offer security researchers bounties for reporting vulnerabilities — but the social network reports it paid out $1.5m in 2013 for bug reports, and says it is increasing the amount of cash on offer in the coming year.

According to the advertising giant, it received 14,763 reports of suspected flaws last year, an increase of 246 per cent on the 2012 figure. Unfortunately for Facebook’s security team there were a lot of false positives in there, and only 687 write-ups turned out to be worth paying for — and, thankfully, roughly six per cent were classified as high-severity issues.
3
US researchers found 92 correct flaws, with an average payday of $2,272 each, while the British contingent sent in valid bugs each worth $2,950 on average. Facebook’s highest payout went to Brazilian researcher Reginaldo Silva, who earned $33,500 for finding an XML external entity vulnerability within a PHP page.

Iain Thomson. How much is a security bug report
worth to Facebook? About $2,100. Internet:
<www.theregister.co.uk> (adapted)

Based on the text, judge the items that follow.

05. The word “figure” (l.7) means number.

06. The smallest amount Facebook paid for a bug report wasn’t for Brazilian Reginaldo Silva.

07. In 2013, Facebook paid about 2,100 dollars for each of the 14,763 bug reports.

08. The expression “social network” (l.2) refers to “Facebook” (l.1).

09. Facebook didn’t pay some of the 687 write-ups.

CESPE/UnB–2012–ANAC–ESPECIALISTA( A5)–LÍNGUA INGLESA–PROVA, GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

  • CESPE/UnB-2012-AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE AVIAÇÃO CIVIL-ESPECIALISTA(Área 5)-01/12/2012.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
  • 10 TFQs (True False Questions)
  • Text (1) – | Skin deep www.economist.com |
  • Text (2) – | The power games of smiling at work | www.cnn.com |


 PROVA:
 GABARITO:


21-E22-C23-E24-C25-C


 TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 1:
Skin deep
Pele profunda
Dermatologists are good at spotting unusual bits of skin that might or might not be cancers. Testing whether they actually are, though, is quite literally a bloody pain.
Dermatologistas são bons em detectar partes incomuns de pele que podem ou não ter cânceres. Testar se eles realmente são, no entanto, é literalmente uma dor sangrenta.
For a piece of skin to be identified as malignant or benign, it must be cut out and sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope.
But a team of researchers led by Rainer Leitgeb, a physicist at the Medical University of Vienna, hope to change that.
Para que uma parte da pele seja identificado como maligno ou benigno, ele deve ser cortado e enviado a um laboratório para exame ao microscópio. Porém, uma equipe de pesquisadores liderada por Rainer Leitgeb, físico da Universidade Médica de Viena, espera mudar isso.
As they describe in Biomedical Optics Express, Dr Leitgeb and his colleagues are exploring a technique called optical coherence tomography (OCT), which they think will allow skin cancer to be diagnosed in situ.
Como eles descrevem no Biomedical Optics Express, o Dr. Leitgeb e seus colegas estão explorando uma técnica chamada tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT), que eles acham que permitirá o diagnóstico de câncer de pele in situ.
OCT works by sending infra-red light into tissues and analysing what bounces back.
A OCT funciona enviando luz infravermelha para os tecidos e analisando o que é retornado.
The behaviour of the reflected rays provides information on the structures that they collided with. That, Dr Leitgeb hoped, could be used to generate a map of features just beneath the surface of the skin.
O comportamento dos raios refletidos fornece informações sobre as estruturas com as quais eles colidiram. Isso, esperou o Dr. Leitgeb, poderia ser usado para gerar um mapa de características logo abaixo da superfície da pele.
Dr Leitgeb and his colleagues set up an experiment that let them test the system on a range of skin conditions, including a healthy human palm, allergy-induced eczema on the forearm, inflammation of the forehead, and two previously diagnosed cases of basal-cell carcinoma.
Leitgeb e seus colegas montaram um experimento que os permitiu testar o sistema em uma variedade de condições de pele, incluindo palma da mão humana saudável, eczema induzido por alergia no antebraço, inflamação da testa e dois casos previamente diagnosticados de células basais carcinoma.
They expected to see normal blood vessels in the healthy palm, increased perfusion caused by dilated and altered vessels in the eczema and the inflammation, and a chaotic jumble of vessels feeding the cancers.
Eles esperavam ver vasos sanguíneos normais na palma da mão saudável, perfusão aumentada causada por vasos dilatados e alterados no eczema e na inflamação, e uma confusão caótica de vasos alimentando os cânceres.
And that is exactly what they saw. Moreover, the images of the vessels supplying blood to the tumours were good enough to allow them to calculate blood-flow rates.
E foi exatamente isso que eles viram. Além disso, as imagens dos vasos que fornecem sangue aos tumores eram boas o suficiente para permitir o cálculo das taxas de fluxo sanguíneo.
That could also help treatment by allowing doctors to identify the times during their development when tumours are most vulnerable to starvation by having their blood supply cut off.
Isso também pode ajudar o tratamento, permitindo que os médicos identifiquem os momentos durante o desenvolvimento em que os tumores são mais vulneráveis à fome devido ao corte do suprimento de sangue.
  • Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).
Based on the text above, judge the items from 16 to 20.

16. What is revolutionary about the research is that it indicates that skin cancer may be diagnosed without the need of cutting out a piece of skin to be examined in a lab. [CERTO]
O que é revolucionário na pesquisa é que ela indica que o câncer de pele pode ser diagnosticado sem a necessidade de cortar um pedaço de pele para ser examinado em um laboratório.
  • As they describe in Biomedical Optics Express, Dr Leitgeb and his colleagues are exploring a technique called optical coherence tomography (OCT), which they think will allow skin cancer to be diagnosed in situ.
  • Como eles descrevem no Biomedical Optics Express, o Dr. Leitgeb e seus colegas estão explorando uma técnica chamada tomografia de coerência óptica (OCT), que eles acham que permitirá o diagnóstico de câncer de pele in situ.
17. There is an indication that the procedure may do more than simply identifying skin cancer. [CERTO]
Há indícios de que o procedimento pode fazer mais do que simplesmente identificar o câncer de pele.
  • That, Dr Leitgeb hoped, could be used to generate a map of features just beneath the surface of the skin.
  • Isso, esperou o Dr. Leitgeb, poderia ser usado para gerar um mapa de características logo abaixo da superfície da pele.
18. The word “literally” is used in line three because the process of cutting out a piece of skin is painful and bloody. [CERTO]
A palavra “literalmente” é usada na terceira linha porque o processo de cortar um pedaço de pele é doloroso e sangrento.
  • Testing whether they actually are, though, is quite literally a bloody pain.
  • Testar se eles realmente são, no entanto, é literalmente uma dor sangrenta.
19. The team of researchers first tested the new procedure on lab animals[ERRADO]
A equipe de pesquisadores primeiro testou o novo procedimento em animais de laboratório.
  • Dr Leitgeb and his colleagues set up an experiment that let them test the system on a range of skin conditions, including a healthy human palm, allergy-induced eczema on the forearm, inflammation of the forehead, and two previously diagnosed cases of basal-cell carcinoma.
    Leitgeb e seus colegas montaram um experimento que os permitiu testar o sistema em uma variedade de condições de pele, incluindo palma da mão humana saudável, eczema induzido por alergia no antebraço, inflamação da testa e dois casos previamente diagnosticados de células basais carcinoma.
20. The experiment with samples of different skin conditions turned out to be unsuccessful[ERRADO]
O experimento com amostras de diferentes condições de pele não teve sucesso.
  • And that is exactly what they saw. Moreover, the images of the vessels supplying blood to the tumours were good enough to allow them to calculate blood-flow rates.
    E foi exatamente isso que eles viram. Além disso, as imagens dos vasos que fornecem sangue aos tumores eram boas o suficiente para permitir o cálculo das taxas de fluxo sanguíneo.
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXT 2:
The power games of smiling at work
Os jogos de poder de sorrir no trabalho
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), found that people in a low-power position tended to mimic the smile of a person with high status.
Pesquisadores da Universidade da Califórnia, San Diego (UCSD), descobriram que as pessoas em uma posição de baixo poder tendem a imitar o sorriso de uma pessoa com alto status.
On the other hand, people who feel powerful return smiles of lower status individuals but refrain from smiling back to others in a high-status position.
Por outro lado, as pessoas que se sentem poderosas retribuem os sorrisos de indivíduos de status inferior, mas evitam sorrir de volta para os que estão em posição de status elevado.
“Mimicry has been shown to help build relationships, and both power and status seem to affect how we unconsciously employ this strategy,” said Evan Carr, the lead researcher.
“Foi demonstrado que o mimetismo ajuda a construir relacionamentos, e tanto o poder quanto o status parecem afetar como empregamos inconscientemente essa estratégia”, disse Evan Carr, o pesquisador líder.
Participants’ facial responses were detected as minuscule, unconscious movements of facial muscles fractions of a second after being shown videos of people of varying social status.
As respostas faciais dos participantes foram detectadas como movimentos minúsculos e inconscientes dos músculos faciais em frações de segundo após a exibição de vídeos de pessoas de diferentes status sociais.
All fifty-five subjects in the study mimicked frowns of people they were told were high-status individuals, like doctors, more than those from low-status jobs like fast-food workers.
Todos os 55 participantes do estudo imitaram as carrancas de pessoas que lhes disseram serem indivíduos de alto status, como médicos, mais do que aqueles de empregos de baixo status, como trabalhadores de fast-food.
The author of The Nonverbal Advantage: Secrets and Science of Body Language at Work, Carol Kinsey Goman, who is not affiliated with the study, said humans are wired from birth to mimic the facial expressions and body language of others, and subordinates are more prone to this type of behavior of submission.
A autora de The Nonverbal Advantage: Secrets and Science of Body Language at Work, Carol Kinsey Goman, que não é afiliada ao estudo, disse que os humanos são programados desde o nascimento para imitar as expressões faciais e a linguagem corporal dos outros, e os subordinados são mais propensos a este tipo de comportamento de submissão.
“Subordinates will smile more, they’ll nod more, they’ll tilt their heads more, which is a kind of universal sign of listening”, she said.
“Os subordinados vão sorrir mais, vão acenar mais, vão inclinar mais a cabeça, o que é uma espécie de sinal universal de escuta”, disse ela.
In line with the UCSD study’s findings, Goman said these responses come naturally.
De acordo com as descobertas do estudo da UCSD, Goman disse que essas respostas vêm naturalmente. 
The implication of studies like these is that employees can be more conscious of their body language in order to give off the proper signals in specific situations.
A implicação de estudos como esses é que os funcionários podem estar mais conscientes de sua linguagem corporal para emitir os sinais adequados em situações específicas.
“Learning what these cues mean, to use it to make a point you want to make, is when body language is helpful”, Goman said.
“Aprender o que essas dicas significam, para usá-las para fazer uma observação que você deseja fazer, é quando a linguagem corporal é útil”, disse Goman.
<www.cnn.com> (adapted)
Based on the text above, judge the following items.

21. Evan Carr and Carol Goman are two of the researchers involved in the UCSD study. [ERRADO]
Evan Carr e Carol Goman são dois dos pesquisadores envolvidos no estudo da UCSD.
  • The author of The Nonverbal Advantage: Secrets and Science of Body Language at Work, Carol Kinsey Goman, who is not affiliated with the study, said humans are wired from birth to mimic the facial expressions and body language of others, and subordinates are more prone to this type of behavior of submission.
  • A autora de The Nonverbal Advantage: Secrets and Science of Body Language at Work, Carol Kinsey Goman, que não é afiliada ao estudo, disse que os humanos são programados desde o nascimento para imitar as expressões faciais e a linguagem corporal dos outros, e os subordinados são mais propensos a este tipo de comportamento de submissão.
22. The UCSD research indicates that mimicking is a contributing factor to the strengthening of relationships. [CERTO]
A pesquisa da UCSD indica que a imitação é um fator que contribui para o fortalecimento dos relacionamentos.
  • The implication of studies like these is that employees can be more conscious of their body language in order to give off the proper signals in specific situations.
    A implicação de estudos como esses é que os funcionários podem estar mais conscientes de sua linguagem corporal para emitir os sinais adequados em situações específicas.
23. From the researchers’ point of view, the smile from a hierarchically superior person is a sign of prejudice, since it is not sincere. [ERRADO]
Do ponto de vista dos pesquisadores, o sorriso de uma pessoa hierarquicamente superior é um sinal de preconceito, pois não é sincero.

24. The research may help employees to become aware of what their bodies are signaling in certain situations. [CERTO]
A pesquisa pode ajudar os funcionários a se conscientizarem do que seus corpos estão sinalizando em determinadas situações.

25. Our facial response to people from different status at work seems to be unconscious. [CERTO]
Nossa resposta facial a pessoas de diferentes status no trabalho parece ser inconsciente.
  • In line with the UCSD study’s findings, Goman said these responses come naturally.
    De acordo com as descobertas do estudo da UCSD, Goman disse que essas respostas vêm naturalmente

CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-LÍNGUA INGLESA-Concurso Público ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVO da Empresa de Pesquisa Energética - Prova com gabarito.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVO-Aplicada em 01/01/2009.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
  • 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
  • Texto (1) – | Oil and Gasoline www.tokyofoundation.org |
 TEXTO:
Oil and Gasoline

In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. In July 2008, it reached a peak of $147 a barrel. In the months that followed, as fears of a global recession grew, prices plunged to the $75 a barrel range, a roller coaster ride that left both producers and consumers confused and wrung out. Prices were still far higher than they had been a few years earlier, but oil-producing countries that had reshaped their economies around the huge influx of revenues faced a suddenly altered landscape.

Many factors contributed to the long buildup between 1999 and 2008, including the relentless growth of the economies of China and India and widespread instability in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. The triple-digit oil prices that followed appeared to redraw the economic and political map of the world, challenging some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations enjoyed historic gains and opportunities, whereas major importers — including China and India, home to a third of the world’s population — confronted rising economic and social costs.

Managing this new order became a central problem of global politics. Countries that need oil clawed at each other to lock up their scarce supplies, and were willing to deal with any government, no matter how unsavory, to do it. In many poor nations with oil, much of the proceeds were lost to corruption, depriving these countries of their best hope for development. And oil fueled gargantuan investment funds run by foreign governments, which some in the West see as a new threat.

Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran that were flush with rising oil revenue saw that change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries reaped benefits, as well as costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. Although it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia grew 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.

The high price of gas became an important issue in the presidential campaign. Senator John McCain in particular made energy a focus, proposing to suspend the gas tax during the summer. He also made fervent calls to expand domestic drilling for oil, whereas his opponent, Barack Obama, emphasized the need for alternative fuels.

The surge in prices hit automakers hard, as sales of the truck-based models that had been Detroit’s most profitable product dropped sharply. Mass transit systems across the country reported a sharp increase in riders. As prices fell in the fall, the question facing Opec and car makers alike was whether those shifts would reverse, as they had in previous downturns, or whether a tipping point had been reached.

http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/o/ oil_petroleum_and_gasoline/index.html?scp=1-spot&sq=&st=nyt

 TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO:
Oil and Gasoline

In 1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. In July 2008, it reached a peak of $147 a barrel. In the months that followed, as fears of a global recession grew, prices plunged to the $75 a barrel range, a roller coaster ride that left both producers and consumers confused and wrung out. Prices were still far higher than they had been a few years earlier, but oil-producing countries that had reshaped their economies around the huge influx of revenues faced a suddenly altered landscape.
Petróleo e gasolina
Em 1999, o preço do petróleo girava em torno de US$ 16 o barril. Em julho de 2008, atingiu o pico de US$ 147 o barril. Nos meses seguintes, à medida que os temores de uma recessão global aumentavam, os preços despencaram para a faixa de US$ 75 o barril, uma montanha-russa que deixou produtores e consumidores confusos e esgotados. Os preços ainda estavam muito mais altos do que alguns anos antes, mas os países produtores de petróleo que haviam remodelado suas economias em torno do enorme fluxo de receitas enfrentaram um cenário repentinamente alterado.
Many factors contributed to the long buildup between 1999 and 2008, including the relentless growth of the economies of China and India and widespread instability in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region.
Muitos fatores contribuíram para a longa acumulação entre 1999 e 2008, incluindo o crescimento implacável das economias da China e da Índia e a instabilidade generalizada nas regiões produtoras de petróleo, incluindo o Iraque e a região do delta da Nigéria.
The triple-digit oil prices that followed appeared to redraw the economic and political map of the world, challenging some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations enjoyed historic gains and opportunities, whereas major importers — including China and India, home to a third of the world’s population — confronted rising economic and social costs.
Os preços de petróleo de três dígitos que se seguiram pareceram redesenhar o mapa econômico e político do mundo, desafiando algumas noções antigas de poder. As nações ricas em petróleo desfrutaram de ganhos e oportunidades históricas, enquanto os principais importadores — incluindo a China e a Índia, lar de um terço da população mundial — enfrentaram crescentes custos econômicos e sociais.
Managing this new order became a central problem of global politics. Countries that need oil clawed at each other to lock up their scarce supplies, and were willing to deal with any government, no matter how unsavory, to do it. In many poor nations with oil, much of the proceeds were lost to corruption, depriving these countries of their best hope for development. And oil fueled gargantuan investment funds run by foreign governments, which some in the West see as a new threat.
Gerenciar essa nova ordem se tornou um problema central da política global. Países que precisam de petróleo se agarraram uns aos outros para bloquear seus suprimentos escassos, e estavam dispostos a negociar com qualquer governo, não importa o quão desagradável, para fazê-lo. Em muitas nações pobres com petróleo, grande parte dos lucros foi perdida para a corrupção, privando esses países de sua melhor esperança de desenvolvimento. E o petróleo alimentou fundos de investimento gigantescos administrados por governos estrangeiros, o que alguns no Ocidente veem como uma nova ameaça.
Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran that were flush with rising oil revenue saw that change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies.
Países como Rússia, Venezuela e Irã que estavam cheios de receitas crescentes de petróleo viram essa mudança refletida em políticas estrangeiras recentemente agressivas.
But some unexpected countries reaped benefits, as well as costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. Although it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia grew 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.
Mas alguns países inesperados colheram benefícios, assim como custos, de preços mais altos. Considere a Alemanha. Embora importe praticamente todo o seu petróleo, ela prosperou com o comércio extensivo com uma Rússia e o Oriente Médio em expansão. As exportações alemãs para a Rússia cresceram 128 por cento de 2001 a 2006.
The high price of gas became an important issue in the presidential campaign. Senator John McCain in particular made energy a focus, proposing to suspend the gas tax during the summer. He also made fervent calls to expand domestic drilling for oil, whereas his opponent, Barack Obama, emphasized the need for alternative fuels.
O alto preço do gás se tornou uma questão importante na campanha presidencial. O senador John McCain, em particular, fez da energia um foco, propondo suspender o imposto sobre o gás durante o verão. Ele também fez apelos fervorosos para expandir a perfuração doméstica de petróleo, enquanto seu oponente, Barack Obama, enfatizou a necessidade de combustíveis alternativos.
The surge in prices hit automakers hard, as sales of the truck-based models that had been Detroit’s most profitable product dropped sharply. Mass transit systems across the country reported a sharp increase in riders. As prices fell in the fall, the question facing Opec and car makers alike was whether those shifts would reverse, as they had in previous downturns, or whether a tipping point had been reached.
O aumento nos preços atingiu duramente as montadoras, já que as vendas dos modelos baseados em caminhões que eram o produto mais lucrativo de Detroit caíram drasticamente. Os sistemas de transporte de massa em todo o país relataram um aumento acentuado de passageiros. À medida que os preços caíam no outono, a questão enfrentada pela Opep e pelas montadoras era se essas mudanças seriam revertidas, como aconteceu em recessões anteriores, ou se um ponto crítico havia sido atingido.
http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/o/ oil_petroleum_and_gasoline/index.html?scp=1-spot&sq=&st=nyt

01  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVO) The main purpose of this article is to

(A) report on the impact of high oil prices on the global political scenario.
(B) denounce the rising social costs that are devastating oil-rich nations.
(C) convince the world population that there is no possibility of a global recession.
(D) inform that corruption has been preventing the development of many poor countries.
(E) complain against the recent economic instability caused by research on oil derivatives.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
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02  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVO) In paragraph 2, it is said that China and India

(A) produced all of the oil they needed for domestic use.
(B) experienced a period of low economic development after 1999.
(C) represent half of the world population and are major oil exporters.
(D) were considered unstable oil-producing nations along with Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region.
(E) have faced increasing expenses in the economic and social sphere to deal with the rise in oil prices.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
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03  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVO) In the sentence
  • “Countries that need oil clawed at each other to lock up their scarce supplies,” (lines 22-23),
lock up means the same as

(A) spoil.
(B) waste.
(C) secure.
(D) use up.
(E) buy out.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
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04  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVOAccording to paragraph 3 (lines 21-29), the development of oil-rich countries did not reach the levels expected because

(A) there was no need to expand their domestic oil production.
(B) they feared the illegal policies of foreign investment funds.
(C) they considered investing in social development a real threat to prosperity.
(D) their social stability was considered an urgent priority for the local governments.
(E) government officials were considered corrupt and did not invest all of the nation’s revenues in its development.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
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05  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVOIn paragraph 4 (lines 30-37), Germany is mentioned because it

(A) has been considered a powerful oil-exporter.
(B) became a threat to Russia, Venezuela and Iran.
(C) was affected by a sharp increase in its oil revenue.
(D) profited from a flourishing commerce with Russia and the Middle East.
(E) faced a sudden decrease in its oil exports to Russia, Venezuela and Iran.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
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06  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVOAccording to paragraph 5 (lines 38-44),

(A) John McCain criticized the intensive oil drilling in the United States.
(B) Barack Obama considers alternative fuels a necessary strategy to face the high price of gas.
(C) both John McCain and Barack Obama recommended a sudden decrease in oil taxes.
(D) both John McCain and Barack Obama consider the increase in oil prices a minor political issue.
(E) neither John McCain nor Barack Obama came up with strategies to contain the sudden increase of oil prices.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
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07  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE) The only item where the boldfaced word may be replaced by while is

(A) “Oil-rich nations enjoyed historic gains and opportunities, whereas major importers…confronted rising economic and social costs.” (lines 17-20)
(B) “But some unexpected countries reaped benefits, as well as costs,” (lines 32-33)
(C) “Although it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from…” (line 34-35)
(D) “He also made fervent calls to expand domestic drilling for oil,” (line 41-42)
(E) “The surge in prices hit automakers hard, as sales of truck-based models … dropped sharply.” (lines 45-47)

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
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08  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVO) Which option contains a correct correspondence of meaning?

(A) “plunged” (line 4) and dropped are synonymous.
(B) “growth” (line 11) and prosperity are antonymous.
(C) “redraw” (line 15) could not be substituted by redefine.
(D) “threat” (line 29) and menace have opposite meanings.
(E) “fell” (line 49) and rose have similar meanings.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
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09  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVOIn terms of reference, it is correct to affirm that

(A) “they” (line 6) refers to “producers and consumers” (line 5).
(B) “these countries” (line 26) refers to “poor nations with oil,” (line 25).
(C) “that change” (line 31) refers to “newly aggressive foreign policies.” (line 32).
(D) “He” (line 41) refers to “Barack Obama” (line 43).
(E) “they” (line 51) refers to “car makers” (line 50).

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
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10  (CESGRANRIO-2009-EPE-ASSISTENTE ADMINISTRATIVO) According to the last paragraph (lines 45-52), a consequence of the increase in oil prices is the

(A) intensive production of truck-based models worldwide.
(B) increase in car sales motivated by previous campaigns for alternative fuels.
(C) interest of Opec and car makers in expanding Detroit’s profitable car industry.
(D) significant rise in the number of users of public transportation systems all over the U.S.
(E) end of constant shifts in automobile production, according to announcements of car makers.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
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