❑ Welcome back to another post!
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR.
❑ ORGANIZADOR: http://www.copese.uft.edu.br/
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
➧ 08 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.
➧ Text (1) – English usage – The Economist (1 question)
➧ Text (2) – New York (1 question)
➧ Text (3) – The Age of Wonder | HarperCollins (2 questions)
➧ Text (4) – Comic Strip | Slate.com (1 questions)
➧ Text (5) – What genes, patents and Lady Gaga have in common | The San Francisco Chronicle (2 questions)
➧ Text (6) – How to Manage Extreme Event
Exposures | www.time.com (1 question)
❑ GABARITO:
01-C, 02-C, 03-B, 04-A
05-E, 06-D, 07-E, 08-C
➧ TEXT 1: Read the excerpt below to answer question 01:
A reader criticised one of your articles for being liberally
peppered throughout with a "record for the number of
sentences starting with conjunctions". We should leave the
last word to Fowler‘s authoritative guide to English usage: The widespread public belief that "But‘ should not be used
at the beginning of a sentence seems to be unshakable.
Yet it has no foundation.
The Economist, December 19th,2009.
01 – (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text, the point of view of the Fowler‘s Guide is
that:
(A) The use of the word "But‘ is not allowed at the beginning of
sentences.
(B) Most liberal articles tend to start with conjunctions.
(C) The idea that conjunctions should not be used in the
beginning of sentences has no basis.
(D) There is no foundation in the idea that the public prefers to
start sentences with "But‘.
(E) The last word in a sentence should never be "But‘.
➧ TEXT 2: Read the excerpt below to answer question 02:
"Case, what‘s wrong with you?" Armitage said, as the
waiter was seating them at his table in the Vingtième
Siècle. It was the smallest and most expensive of several
floating restaurants on a small lake near the
Intercontinental.
Case shuddered. Bruce hadn‘t said anything about after
effects. He tried to pick up a glass of ice water, but his
hands were shaking. "Something I ate, maybe."
GIBSON, William. Neuromancer.
New York: Penguin, 1984.
02 – (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
The word "shuddered" in the text indicates that Case feels:
(A) delighted
(B) annoyed
(C) uneasy
(D) frustrated
(E) indifferent
➧ TEXT 3: Read the excerpt below to answer questions 03 and 04:
Tahiti lies roughly east-west just below the 17th parallel,
one of the largest of what are now the Society Islands,
roughly halfway between Peru and Australia. It is shaped
not unlike a figure of eight, some 120 miles (‘40 leagues‘)
in circumference. Most of its foreshores are easily
accessible, a series of broad, curving bays with black
volcanic sands or pinkish-white coral beaches, fringed by
coconut palms and breadfruit trees. But a few hundred
yards inland, the ground rises sharply into an entirely
different topography. The steep, densely wooded volcanic
hills lead upwards to a remote and hostile landscape of
deep gullies, sheer cliffs and perilous ledges.
HOLMES, Richard. The Age of Wonder.
London: HarperCollins, 2009.
03 – (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text:
I. Tahiti can be seen from the shores of Peru.
II. The access to the outer part of Tahiti is not difficult.
III. The inner part of Tahiti presents a sharp contrast to its
shores.
IV. The natives of Tahiti are hostile and dangerous.
Mark the CORRECT answer:
(A) only I is correct
(B) II and III are correct
(C) only III is correct
(D) II and IV are correct
(E) III and IV are correct
04– (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
The words deep, sheer and perilous in
"deep gullies, sheer
cliffs and perilous ledges",
mean respectively:
(A) profound, steep and dangerous
(B) shallow, dangerous and high
(C) profound, stable and low
(D) unstable, rocky and dangerous
(E) rocky, steep and dense
➧ TEXT 4: Read the comics below to answer question 05.
From Slate.com
05 – (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
Considering the sentence
"They said the good news is that only
36,000 lost their jobs last month",
if we change the pronoun
they for he, the word their in the same sentence must:
(A) be replaced by his
(B) be replaced by hers
(C) be replaced by its
(D) be replaced by theirs
(E) remain the same
➧ TEXT 5: Read the text below to answer questions 06 and 07:
What genes, patents and Lady Gaga have in common
By David Ewing Duncan
1 When radio was invented in the late nineteenth
century by the likes of Marconi, Edison, and Tesla,
government and industry faced a conundrum. Who would own
the limited band of electromagnetic frequencies that made this
new invention possible?
2 By the 1920s the decision was made that the public
would own the airwaves, with the government leasing
frequencies to companies that were required to follow certain
rules. A century later this system isn't perfect, but it does bring
us every day everything from text messages to Youtube, to the
latest hits from Lady Gaga.
3 Society now faces a similar ownership predicament
with who owns human genes -- another kind of spectrum that
always existed, but was unsuspected until we discovered it.
[…] Controversial for decades, the validity of issuing these
patents has erupted again in a case brought last year by the
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) against Myriad
Genetics (MYGN), which holds patents on two genes that in a
mutated form can cause a person to be high risk for breast
cancer.
4 According to the ACLU and a long list of plaintiffs that
includes research and patient advocacy groups, the U.S.
Patent Office (also listed as a defendant) was wrong to issue
these patents -- and by extension all genetic patents. "Genes
are naturally occurring entities, like air or gravity," says ACLU
attorney Chris Hansen, "and therefore under the law they are
ineligible for patenting."
Adapted from
The San Francisco Chronicle, March 29th, 2010.
Available at www.sfgate.com
06 – (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text:
I. Lady Gaga‘s genes are being disputed by American
Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Myriad Genetics
(MYGN).
II. The U.S. Patent Office is prosecuting ACLU.
III. The notion of patenting genes seems as absurd as
patenting the air we breath.
IV. The author suggests that the policy of DNA codes
patenting must be changed to something similar to
what happens to the radio stations.
Mark the CORRECT answer:
(A) all the alternatives are correct
(B) all the alternatives are wrong
(C) I and III are correct
(D) III and IV are correct
(E) III and IV are wrong
07 – (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
In the text, the author claims that:
(A) Lady Gaga‘s hits are the cause of a court dispute between
private companies and the public interests around genetic
codes.
(B) The ownership of genes by private companies is the
cause of the increase in the statistics of breast cancer.
(C) Society might win with the privatization of DNA codes.
(D) The government leasing of electromagnetic frequencies is
a perfect policy and it should be extended to the genetic
area.
(E) Although the government leasing of electromagnetic
frequencies is not a perfect policy, it has brought a range
of benefits.
TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO B
What genes, patents and Lady Gaga have in common
(O que os genes, patentes e Lady Gaga têm em comum)
1 When radio was invented in the late nineteenth century by the likes of Marconi, Edison, and Tesla, government and industry faced a conundrum. Who would own the limited band of electromagnetic frequencies that made this new invention possible?
(Quando a rádio foi inventada no final do século XIX por pessoas como Marconi, Edison e Tesla, o governo e a indústria enfrentaram um enigma. Quem seria o dono da banda limitada de frequências eletromagnéticas que tornou possível esta nova invenção?)
2 By the 1920s the decision was made that the public would own the airwaves, with the government leasing frequencies to companies that were required to follow certain rules. A century later this system isn't perfect, but it does bring us every day everything from text messages to Youtube, to the latest hits from Lady Gaga.
(Na década de 1920 foi tomada a decisão de que o público seria dono das ondas aéreas, com o governo alugando frequências para empresas que eram obrigadas a seguir certas regras. Um século depois, este sistema não é perfeito, mas traz-nos todos os dias tudo, desde mensagens de texto até ao Youtube, até aos últimos êxitos de Lady Gaga.)
3 Society now faces a similar ownership predicament with who owns human genes -- another kind of spectrum that always existed, but was unsuspected until we discovered it. […] Controversial for decades, the validity of issuing these patents has erupted again in a case brought last year by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) against Myriad Genetics (MYGN), which holds patents on two genes that in a mutated form can cause a person to be high risk for breast cancer.
(A sociedade enfrenta agora uma situação de propriedade semelhante com quem possui genes humanos - outro tipo de espectro que sempre existiu, mas que ficou insuspeito até o descobrirmos. […] Polêmica há décadas, a validade da emissão dessas patentes eclodiu novamente em um caso apresentado no ano passado pela União Americana das Liberdades Cívicas (ACLU) contra a Myriad Genetics (MYGN), que detém patentes em dois genes que, de forma mutada, podem causar alto risco de câncer de mama.)
4 According to the ACLU and a long list of plaintiffs that includes research and patient advocacy groups, the U.S. Patent Office (also listed as a defendant) was wrong to issue these patents – and by extension all genetic patents. "Genes are naturally occurring entities, like air or gravity," says ACLU attorney Chris Hansen, "and therefore under the law they are ineligible for patenting."
(De acordo com a ACLU e uma longa lista de demandantes que inclui grupos de pesquisa e defesa de pacientes, o Escritório de Patentes dos EUA (também listado como réu) estava errado em emitir essas patentes -- e, por extensão, todas as patentes genéticas. «Os genes são entidades que ocorrem naturalmente, como o ar ou a gravidade», diz Chris Hansen, advogado da ACLU, e, portanto, sob a lei, eles são inelegíveis para patentear.)
❑ TERMINOLOGIA TÉCNICA-1:
[1] PLAINTIFF (Translation | LEGAL ENGLISH) – REQUERENTE, O AUTOR DA AÇÃO JUDICIAL, A PARTE QUE ABRE UM PROCESSO CONTRA OUTRA PESSOA, O ACUSADOR.
[2] PLAINTIFF (Definition | LEGAL ENGLISH) – somebody who starts an action against someone in the civil courts. . [www.ekhtebar.ir]
[3] PLAINTIFF (Definition | LEGAL ENGLISH) – the party who initiates a lawsuit by filing a complaint with the clerk of the court against the defendant(s) demanding damages, performance and/or court determination of rights. [https://dictionary.law.com]
[4] PLAINTIFF (Definition | LEGAL ENGLISH) – a person who brings suit in a court (opposed to defendant). [www.collinsdictionary.com]
[5] PLAINTIFF - EXAMPLES:
- In the case of a lawsuit, the plaintiff proferred his own plea. – No caso de uma ação judicial, o requerente proferiu seu próprio fundamento. [www.collinsdictionary.com]
- The plaintiffs ask for the same procedure to be used for jails. – Os requerentes pedem que o mesmo procedimento seja usado para prisões. [www.collinsdictionary.com]
- The plaintiff claimed damages for the financial losses suffered through breach of copyright. – O requerente reivindica indenização pelas perdas financeiras sofridas por violação de direitos autorais. [https://dictionary.cambridge.org]
- Judges in three states have sided with the plaintiffs. – Juízes em três estados apoiaram os requerentes. [https://dictionary.cambridge.org]
[1] DEFENDANT (Translation | LEGAL ENGLISH) – RÉU, A PARTE ACUSADA, O ACUSADO, ALGUÉM QUE É PROCESSADO EM UM PROCESSO.
[2] DEFENDANT (Definition | LEGAL ENGLISH) – Somebody who is sued in a civil case. Somebody who is accused of a crime in a criminal case. [www.ekhtebar.ir]
[3] DEFENDANT (Definition | LEGAL ENGLISH) – the party sued in a civil lawsuit or the party charged with a crime in a criminal prosecution. [https://dictionary.law.com]
[4] DEFENDANT (Definition | LEGAL ENGLISH) – A defendant is a person who has been accused of breaking the law and is being tried in court. [www.collinsdictionary.com]
[5] DEFENDANT - EXAMPLES:
- The judge sentenced the defendant to 6 years in jail. – O juiz sentenciou o réu a 6 anos de prisão.
- The judge entered a damages judgment against the defendant. – O juiz prolatou a sentença de indenização contra o réu.
- Some plea bargains require defendants to do more than simply plead guilty. For example, prosecutors often offer favorable plea bargains to defendants who agree to testify for the state in cases against other defendants. – Algumas colaborações premiadas exigem que o réu faça algo além do que apenas confessarem. Por exemplo, os promotores frequentemente oferecem colaborações premiadas a réus que aceitem depôr em favor da acusação em ações penais contra corréus. [www.law.cornell.edu]
- The defendant is accused of a range of crimes, from theft to murder. – O réu é acusado de vários crimes, desde roubo a homicídio. [https://dictionary.cambridge.org]
- A jury should not interpret the silence of a defendant as a sign of guilt. – Um júri não deve interpretar o silêncio de um réu como um sinal de culpa. [https://dictionary.cambridge.org]
➧ TEXT 6: Read the text below to answer question 08:
Do Nannies Really Turn Boys into Future Adulterers?
By Belinda Luscombe
1 Mothers who outsource the care of their sons to
other women may be inadvertently raising adulterers. Or so
claims Dr. Dennis Friedman in a book that has kicked up a
bit of a ruckus in Britain. A Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, the doctor argues that men become
womanizers because their mothers left them with nannies.
2 According to Friedman, having two women care for
a baby boy may cause his little brain to internalize the idea
that there are multiple females to meet his needs. "It
introduces him to the concept of the other woman," he said
in London's Daily Telegraph. Girls are affected by nannies
too. Not having her mother around creates in the infant
female a "vacuum of need," says Friedman, which she
might try to fill in later life with substance abuse or
promiscuity — presumably with those married men in her social circle who were also raised by nannies.
3 But it is the thesis concerning boys that has been
more controversial. Having two maternal objects, says
Friedman, "creates a division in [the boy's] mind between
the woman he knows to be his natural mother and the
woman with whom he has a real hands-on relationship: the
woman who bathes him and takes him to the park, and with
whom he feels completely at one." This dual-woman life,
one for family and one for catering to his every need, might
become a set pattern in his mind, so that when he grows
up and feels like his needs are not being met, he strays
beyond the home.
Adapted from Time, March 29th, 2010.
Available at www.time.com
08 – (COPESE-2010-UFT-VESTIBULAR)
According to the text:
(A) Having two women care for a baby boy may cause, in adult
life, serious physical brain damage.
(B) The girls raised by nannies are not affected in adult life at
all.
(C) Men who are raised by baby-sitters tend to become
womanizers.
(D) The baby boy feels completely at one only with his mother.
(E) Nannies should be forbidden from now on.
