NCE/UFRJ-2002-INPI-Concurso Público Bibliotecário do Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial - Profº Valdenor Sousa - Prova de INGLÊS com Gabarito e Questões Comentadas.

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Hey, what's up dear friends!!!...How have you been?!

Neste post, veremos a Prova de INGLÊS do Processo Seletivo-NCE/UFRJ-2002-Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial(INPI)-Bibliotecário. Aplicação em 2002.

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[a] Banca Organizadora do Concurso Público 

www.nce.ufrj.br/concursos
Núcleo de Computação Eletrônica Divisão de Concursos

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[b]Padrão/Composição da prova 

➦CONHECIMENTOS ESPECÍFICOS:20 Questões.
➦PROVA DISCURSIVA:01 Questão.
➦Reading Comprehension(Compreensão textual).

➦Use of english(uso do inglês).
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[c]Dictionary:

Caso necessário,sugiro que consulte os excelentes dicionários a seguir:
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
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🔄 VERBS :
➽[to )
🔄 PHRASAL VERBS :

➽[to  )

🔄Expressões verbais com o TO BE(simple present/simple past/simple future/ be going to/present continuous/past continuous/future continuous):
➽["]
🔄Expressões verbais no PERFECT TENSE(present perfect/past perfect/present perfect continuous/past perfect continuous):
➽["]
🔄 MODAL VERBS: Expressões com os 10 modais(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to/will/shall):
➽[)   
🔄Expressões com verbos com ING:
➽[."]
🔄Expressões VERBAIS EM GERAL:
➽["]
🔄Substantivos(NOUNS):
➽["]
🔄Adjetivos/Locuções adjetivas :
➽["]
🔄Advérbios/Locução adverbial:
➽[]
🔄 Pronomes Relativos(who, which, whom, that) :
➽[.]
🔄 Coordination Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so):
➽["]
🔄 Subordination Conjunctions (however/nonetheless/nevertheless/notwithstanding)-(although/though/even though)-(as if/as though)-(as/so long as/provided that)-(despite/in spite of)-(as)-(once)-(otherwise)-(unless)-(untill)-(when/by the time)-(whenever)-(whereas)-(while)-(so that/so as to/in order that/in order to)-(since):
➽[)
🔄 Correlative Conjunctions(not only...but also, both...and, as...as, either...or, wheter...or, neither...nor) :
➽["]
🔄 Preposition (in ➜ mês), (on ➜ dia/data), (at➜ hora/momento específico: at night, at midnight, at lunchtime) :
➽["]
🔄 Passive Voice: Verbo TO BE(no tempo verbal contextual)+VP no particípio passado. :

➽["]
🔄Expressões idiomáticas :
➽[)
🔄Expressões ADJETIVO+SUBSTANTIVO:
➽["]
🔄IF-CLAUSE:
➽["]
🔄 Eenvironmental English - Vocábulos ou Expressões Técnicas na ÁREA DE MEIO AMBIENTE :
➽["

🔄 Comparativos (superioridade) :
➽[a]

🔄Expressões com 'S (Genitive case=proprietário 'S propriedade) ➜ relação de posse , parentesco ou autoria. :

➽["]
🔄 Afixos :
➽[]
🔄Expressões com frações/números:
➽[)
🔄Questions:
➽["]

🔄Falso cognato:

➽[]

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Agora vamos à prova.

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READ TEXT I AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 21 TO 24: 

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TEXT I

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Here is a response to a debate on patents and medicine:
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Mr. Przemek Kordasiewicz, I agree wholeheartedly with your recommendation of a ban on all patents on all life saving medical discoveries. Again, I would take it a step further. I think that the virtues of a purely capitalist system seem to have fallen apart at this point. In this literal life-and-death issue, ethics take priority over everything else. Just as Congress stepped forward to place a ban on the patenting of surgical procedures, they need to step forward and place a similar ban on these new medical patents (drugs, procedures and human genome work) which are having the identical effect. Additionally, Congress need to heavily legislate in favor of patients worldwide to keep drug patents limited, short, and drug prices at an affordable level. Something in the system is wrong when drug companies are the most profitable of all publicly traded companies and huge populations across the world are living in pain and dying because they are unable to afford the sky-high drug prices, inflated by the patent holders’ monopoly. The government needs to look into the situation independently and take a stand for the well-being of the taxpayers and citizens they suppose to be representing.
Thank you,
Benjamin (Mako) Hill.
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(Intellectual Property in Cyberspace 2000, http://yukidoke.org)

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👉 Questão  21 :
As regards capitalist policies for drug patents, the author:
(A) supports them;
(B) criticizes them;
(C) defines them;
(D) advertises them;
(E) modifies them.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  22 :
The author thinks that patents on medical discoveries should be:
(A) guaranteed;
(B) adjusted;
(C) increased;
(D) controlled;
(E) forbidden.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  23 :
“I agree wholeheartedly” (l. 1) means that Benjamin Hill agrees:
(A) entirely;
(B) emotionally;
(C) enticingly;
(D) enquiringly;
(E) entertainingly.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  24 :
The underlined expression in “to look into the situation” (l.20) can be replaced by:
(A) alter;
(B) control;
(C) clarify;
(D) investigate;
(E) resolve.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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READ TEXT II AND ANSWER QUESTIONS 25 TO 30:
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TEXT II

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Where We Go from Here

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By Thomas Claburn

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Intellectual property doesn’t exist. Still, the business community profits handsomely by pretending otherwise, with a little help from the law. For companies that watched their profits wither in a market torched by terrorism, the illusion is all the more compelling – intellectual property increasingly appears as an oasis of future liquidity on corporate balance sheets.

Intangible though it may be, intellectual property is the foundation of modern industry. “If you take a look at intellectual property as a whole – not just patents, but the concept – if we stripped out these sets of rights, what does it do to the world?” asks Kevin Rivette, founder and CEO of Aurigin Systems. 

He says that removing intellectual property rights would collapse the movie, music, software, publishing, pharmaceutical, biotech, and aerospace industries, to name just a few. He also contends that the patent system – much maligned for granting frivolous patents to technologies like Amazon.com’s 1-Click – will continue to spur innovation as it has for hundreds of years.

And thanks to globalism and the World Trade Organization (WTO), intellectual property should see greater protection from the international community. The foreshadowing of that future became evident in 1993, when the United States Trademark Association voted to change its name to the International Trademark Association.

Nations with a long history of disrespect for intellectual property rights, like India and China, are finally starting to recognize the benefits of complying with WTO intellectual property regulations as they look to protect homegrown innovations on the world market.
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(http://www.smartbusinessmag.com/article, Dec. 1, 2001)
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👉 Questão  25 :
According to the author, intellectual property is a(n):
(A) hazard;
(B) chimera;
(C) adventure;
(D) possibility;
(E) nightmare.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  26 :
The elimination of intellectual property is viewed as a(n):
(A) advice;
(B) necessity;
(C) menace;
(D) solution;
(E) achievement.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  27 :
Still in “Still, the business community profits...” (l.1-2 ) can be replaced by:
(A) Thus;
(B) So;
(C) Then;
(D) Or;
(E) Yet.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  28 :
The underlined word in “by pretending otherwise” (l.2-3) means:
(A) differently;
(B) clockwise;
(C) similarly;
(D) likewise;
(E) hypocritically.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  29 :
that future in “The foreshadowing of that future...” (l.26) refers to:
(A) international community;
(B) greater protection;
(C) intellectual property;
(D) patent system;
(E) compelling illusion.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
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👉 Questão  30 :
When India and China are said to be “complying with WTO intellectual property regulations” (l.32-33), they are:
(A) quarrelling with them;
(B) competing with them;
(C) supplementing them;
(D) agreeing with them;
(E) undermining them.
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👍 Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO: 

ESAF – 2008 – CGU – TÉCNICO DE FINANÇAS E CONTROLE – CONCURSO PÚBLICO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – ESCOLA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO FAZENDÁRIA – GABARITO COMENTADO & TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESAF-2008-CONTROLADORIA GERAL DA UNIÃO-ANALISTA DE FINANÇAS E CONTROLE.

www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 5 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

➭ Text (1)  – The Rise of a Fierce Yet Fragile Superpower | Special Double Issue | Newsweek |

➭ Text (2)  – "The European Union Budget at a glance" | http://ec.europa.eu |

❑ PROVA:

❑ TEXTO 1: Read the text below entitled “The Rise of a Fierce yet Fragile Superpower” in order to answer questions 66 and 67:

The Rise of a Fierce Yet Fragile Superpower

Source: Special Double

Issue Newsweek

Dec 31st, 2007 / Jan 7th 2008 (Adapted)

For Americans, 2008 is an important election year. But for much of the world, it is likely to be seen as the year that China moved to center stage, with the Olympics serving as the country’s long-awaited coming-out party. The much-heralded advent of China as a global power is no longer a forecast but a reality. On issue after issue, China has become the second most important country on the planet. Consider what happened already this past year. In 2007 China contributed more to global growth than the United States, the first time another country had done so since at least the 1930s. It also became the world's largest consumer, eclipsing the United States in four of the five basic food, energy and industrial commodities. And a few months ago China surpassed the United States to become the world's leading emitter of CO2.

👉 Questão  66 :

According to the text, the rise of China

(A) is going to start in 2008.

(B) began in the 1930s.

(C) will not eclipse other economies.

(D) has been supported by the USA.

(E) is already taking place.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
Segundo o texto, a ascensão da China
*Alternativa (A): começará em 2008.
*Alternativa (B): começou na década de 1930.
*Alternativa (C): não eclipsará outras economias.
*Alternativa (D): foi apoiado pelos EUA.
*Alternativa (E): já está acontecendo.
➦Comentário sobre (A):
👲 "the rise of China" não vai começar, já é "a reality"(uma realidade).
"[...] The much-heralded advent of China as a global power is no longer a forecast but a reality."
(O tão anunciado advento da China como uma potência global não é mais uma previsão, mas uma realidade.)
➦Comentário sobre (B):
👲 Em 2007 a China cresceu mais que os EUA, o que demonstra, que o crescimento da China como potência global aconteceu no século 21.
"[...] In 2007 China contributed more to global growth than the United States, the first time another country had done so since at least the 1930s."
(Em 2007, a China contribuiu mais para o crescimento global do que os Estados Unidos, a primeira vez que outro país fizera isso, desde pelo menos, 1930.)
➦Comentário sobre (C):
👲 A china em 2007, eclipsou os EUA:
"[...] It also became the world's largest consumer, eclipsing the United States in four of the five basic food, energy and industrial commodities."
(Ela também se tornou o maior consumidor do mundo, eclipsando/encobrindo os Estados Unidos em quatro das cinco commodities básicas de alimentos, energia e industrial.)
➦Comentário sobre (D):
👲 O texto não faz menção de apoio dos EUA a China.

👉 Questão  67 :

Concerning the contribution given to global growth, a) China has remained unbeatable since 1930.

b) the United States has kept the leadership.

c) China led it in 2007.

d) China and the USA have been leading.

e) the US surpassed China in 2007.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
NO QUE DIZ RESPEITO(Concerning) à contribuição dada ao crescimento global,
*Alternativa (A): A China permaneceu imbatível desde 1930.
*Alternativa (B): os Estados Unidos mantiveram a liderança.
*Alternativa (C): A China liderou o crescimento global em 2007. (it ➝ global growth)
*Alternativa (D): A China e os EUA têm liderado.
*Alternativa (E): os EUA superaram a China em 2007.(a China foi que superou os EUA em 2007)
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: A China liderou o crescimento mundial em 2007:
"[...] In 2007 China contributed more to global growth than the United States, the first time another country had done so since at least the 1930s."
(Em 2007, a China contribuiu mais para o crescimento global do que os Estados Unidos, a primeira vez que outro país fizera isso, desde pelo menos, da década 1930.)
➦Comentário sobre (A):
👲 O texto afirma que desde de 1930 nenhum outro pais tivera superado os EUA no que diz diz respeito ao crescimento global.
➦Comentário sobre (B):
👲 A liderança dos EUA foi perdida para a China em 2007.
➦Comentário sobre (D):
👲 Não houve compartilhamento de liderança entre EUA e China. Em 2007 a China passou a ser líder como potência global.
➦Comentário sobre (E):
👲 O que aconteceu foi exatamente o oposto, ou seja, a China superou os EUA em 2007.

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text below entitled "The European Union Budget at a glance" in order to answer questions 68 to 70:

"The European Union Budget at a glance"

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/budget

Jan 16th, 2008 (Adapted)

Taxpayers' money is used by the European Union (EU) to fund activities that all Member States and parliaments have agreed upon in the Treaties. A small amount – around 1% of the Union’s national wealth, which is equivalent to about 235 Euro per head of the population – comes into the EU's annual budget and is then spent mainly for its citizens and communities.

A wide range of activities are funded in the Member States, for example in agriculture, fisheries, infrastructure (construction of roads, bridges and railways), education and training, culture, employment and social policy, environmental policy, health and consumer protection, research, to mention a few. Initiatives are also underway to offer EU citizens an area of freedom, security and justice without internal borders. Part of the EU budget is also spent on funding economic development around the world and on humanitarian aid to help non-EU countries afflicted by natural disasters and other crisis situations.

👉 Questão  68 :

In paragraph 1, the terms national wealth and annual budget are mentioned. They are respectively translated into Portuguese as

a) riqueza nacional and orçamento anual.

b) orçamento nacional and receitas anuais.

c) gastos federais and despesas anuais.

d) renda nacional and consumo anual.

e) patrimônio líquido and orçamento anual.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
No parágrafo 1, são mencionados os termos NATIONAL WEALTH e ANNUAL BUDGET são mencionados. Eles são traduzidos respectivamente para o português como
*Alternativa (A): riqueza nacional e orçamento anual.
*Alternativa (B): orçamento nacional e receitas anuais.
*Alternativa (C): gastos federais e gastos gastos.
*Alternativa (D): renda nacional e consumo anual.
*Alternativa (E): patrimônio líquido e orçamento anual.(patrimônio líquido é "NET WORTH")
➦ PAY ATTENTION: Terminologia técnica na área de finanças:
*"riqueza nacional" ➝ "national wealth"
*"orçamento anual" ➝ "annual budget"
*"despesas anuais" ➝ "annual expenses" 
*"patrimônio líquido" ➝ "net worth"
*"gastos federais" ➝ "federal spending"(Férôrôl-sPéndên)
*"despesas anuais" ➝ "annual expenses"

👉 Questão  69 :

In paragraph 2, the text enumerates a wide range of activities funded in the Member States including employment and health. These two terms are respectively translated into Portuguese as

a) políticas sociais and pesquisa.

b) emprego and saúde.

c) pesquisa and infra-estrutura.

d) políticas ambientais and treinamento.

e) educação and emprego.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito  B 

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
No parágrafo 2, o texto enumera uma ampla gama de atividades financiadas nos Estados-Membros, incluindo "employment" e "health". Estes dois termos são traduzidos respectivamente para o português como
*Alternativa (A): políticas sociais(social policies) e pesquisa(survey).
*Alternativa (B): emprego(employment) e saúde(health).
*Alternativa (C): pesquisa(survey) e infra-estrutura(infrastructure).
*Alternativa (D): políticas ambientais(Environmental policies) e treinamento(training).
*Alternativa (E): educação(education) e emprego(employment).

👉 Questão  70 :

In paragraph 2, the text reports that part of the European Union budget

a) comes from foreign economies.

b) funds social and cultural initiatives abroad.

c) derives from non-EU countries.

d) Is used to assist foreign countries.

e) could be saved to fund international projects.

👍 Comentários e Gabarito   

TÓPICO - IDEIA CONTEXTUAL ou INFORMAÇÃO DENTRO DO TEXTO:
No parágrafo 2, o texto informa que parte do orçamento da União Europeia
*Alternativa (A): vem de economias estrangeiras.
*Alternativa (B): financia iniciativas sociais e culturais no exterior.
*Alternativa (C): deriva de países não pertencentes à UE.
*Alternativa (D): É usado para ajudar países estrangeiros.(to assist = to aid)
*Alternativa (E): poderiam ser salvos para financiar projetos internacionais.
➦Comentário sobre (A):
👦 Parte do orçamento VAI para economias estrangeiras.
"[...] Part of the EU budget is also spent on funding economic development around the world and on humanitarian aid to help non-EU countries afflicted by natural disasters and other crisis situations."
(Parte do orçamento da União Europeia  também é gasta no financiamento do desenvolvimento econômico em todo o mundo e na ajuda humanitária para ajudar países fora da UE afetados por desastres naturais e outras situações de crise.)