ESAF–2012–MPOG–ANALISTA TÉCNICO–PUBLIC SERVICE EXAM, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• ESAF-2012-MINISTÉRIO DO PLANEJAMENTO, ORÇAMENTO E GESTÃO-ANALISTA TÉCNICO DE POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS-APLICAÇÃO EM 18/11/2012.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 05 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

❑ TEXTO 1:

Facing headwinds, Dilma changes

Enfrentando ventos contrários, Dilma muda

The government announces plans to privatise infrastructure, and disappoints striking bureaucrats.

O governo anuncia planos para privatizar as infra-estruturas e desilude os burocratas em greve.

• "striking bureaucrats" - burocratas em greve.

In recent years Brazil's government has been able to avoid tough spending choices.

Nos últimos anos, o governo do Brasil tem conseguido evitar escolhas de despesa difíceis. 

• "tough spending choices" - escolhas de despesa difíceis.

Faster economic growth and falling tax evasion have translated into steadily rising revenues, allowing the federal government to hire more workers and pay them more, as well as to boost pensions and social transfers.

O crescimento econômico mais rápido e a queda da evasão fiscal traduziram-se num aumento constante das receitas, permitindo ao governo federal contratar mais trabalhadores e pagar-lhes mais, bem como aumentar as pensões e as transferências sociais. 

But the fat times are over. In 2011 economic growth was only 2.7%; this year 2% looks optimistic.

Mas os tempos de gordura acabaram. Em 2011, o crescimento econômico foi de apenas 2,7%; este ano, 2% parecem otimistas.

Tax revenues are rising only a little faster than infl ation. The government can no longer satisfy everyone.

As receitas fiscais estão subindo apenas um pouco mais rapidamente do que a inflação. O governo já não pode satisfazer toda a gente.

The noisiest demands come from public-sector workers.

As reivindicações mais ruidosas provêm dos trabalhadores do setor público.

Teachers at federal universities have been on strike for three months; they have recently been joined by federal police, tax officials and staff at some regulatory agencies.

Os professores das universidades federais estiveram em greve há três meses; juntaram-se-lhes recentemente a polícia federal, os fiscais e os funcionários de algumas agências reguladoras.

The strikers'demands would swell the government's salary bill by up to 50%; infl ation is running at 5.2%.

As exigências dos grevistas aumentariam a folha salarial do governo até 50%; a inflação está nos 5,2%.

46 – (ESAF-2012-MPOG-ANALISTA TÉCNICO) According to paragraph 1,

(a) infrastructure has been privatized.
(b) tough spending choices have been made.
(c) faster economic growth might come about this year.
(d) tax evasion has been decreasing.
(e) tax revenues could have risen.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

According to paragraph 1,

(a) infrastructure has been privatized.

a infra-estrutura foi privatizada.
(b) tough spending choices have been made.

foram feitas escolhas difíceis em matéria de despesas.
(c) faster economic growth might come about this year.

um crescimento econômico mais rápido poderá ocorrer este ano.
(d) tax evasion has been decreasing.

a evasão fiscal vem diminuindo.
(e) tax revenues could have risen.

as receitas fiscais poderiam ter aumentado.

>> TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA:

• "[...]Faster economic growth and falling tax evasion have translated into steadily rising revenues, allowing the federal government to hire more workers and pay them more, as well as to boost pensions and social transfers."
• O crescimento econômico mais rápido e a queda da evasão fiscal traduziram-se num aumento constante das receitas, permitindo ao governo federal contratar mais trabalhadores e pagar-lhes mais, bem como aumentar as pensões e as transferências sociais. 

47 – (ESAF-2012-MPOG-ANALISTA TÉCNICO) According to paragraph 2, the strikers' demands

(a) have been met.
(b) might shrink the government's salary bill.
(c) would increase the government's salary bill.
(d) must slash the government's salary bill.
(e) may be promptly met by the current administration.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

❑ TEXTO 2:

Brazil's big challenge ahead of Rio 2016

O grande desafio do Brasil antes do Rio 2016

Many Brazilians watched the closing ceremony of the London Olympics with trepidation.

Muitos brasileiros assistiram com apreensão à cerimônia de encerramento dos Jogos Olímpicos de Londres.

“Do you think we will be able to manage anything more than a couple of carnival floats, some football and traffic jams?” mused one of my friends.

“Acha que seremos capazes de gerir algo mais do que alguns carros alegóricos, futebol e engarrafamentos?” refletiu um dos meus amigos.

It is a few years since I have heard such expressions of national self-doubt. When I first arrived in Brazil, almost 10 years ago, the country had just elected its first leftwing president, Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva.

Há já alguns anos que não ouço tais expressões de dúvida nacional. Quando cheguei ao Brasil, há quase 10 anos, o país tinha acabado de eleger o seu primeiro presidente de esquerda, Luiz Inácio “Lula” da Silva.

Both the currency and stock exchange were in freefall as investors took fright.
Tanto a moeda como a bolsa de valores estavam em queda livre enquanto os investidores se assustavam.

Lula's first term in office combined cautious economic orthodoxy and some critical social reforms.

O primeiro mandato de Lula combinou uma ortodoxia econômica cautelosa e algumas reformas sociais críticas.

The minimum wage was raised significantly and an innovative cash transfer called Bolsa Família introduced for poor families.

O salário mínimo foi aumentado significativamente e foi introduzida uma transferência de rendimentos inovadora denominada Bolsa Família para as famílias pobres.

A start was also made in reforming the Brazilian justice system. At the same time the government kept an eye on public spending, ran a primary budget surplus and began to reduce the national debt.

Foi também dado início à reforma do sistema de justiça brasileiro. Ao mesmo tempo, o governo manteve-se atento às despesas públicas, obteve um excedente orçamental primário e começou a reduzir a dívida nacional.

These days the scenario has been changing. Economic growth stalled last year, choked by a hugely overvalued currency. This year looks even worse, as export demand has been hit by the global recession.

Nos dias de hoje o cenário tem vindo a mudar. O crescimento econômico estagnou no ano passado, sufocado por uma moeda extremamente sobrevalorizada. Este ano parece ainda pior, uma vez que a procura de exportações foi afetada pela recessão mundial.

While the government's success in reducing its still astronomically high inequality was a spur to domestic demand, economic growth was underpinned by the export of primary commodities such as soya, coffee and iron ore.

Embora o sucesso do governo na redução da sua desigualdade ainda astronômica tenha estimulado a procura interna, o crescimento econômico foi sustentado pela exportação de produtos primários como a soja, o café e o minério de ferro.

48 – (ESAF-2012-MPOG-ANALISTA TÉCNICO)  In paragraph 1, the noun trepidation translates many Brazilians' feeling of

(a) sheer joy.
(b) fear, or nervousness.
(c) elation.
(d) self-confidence.
(e) fear, but also pride.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In paragraph 1, the noun trepidation translates many Brazilians' feeling of

No 1º parágrafo, o substantivo trepidação traduz o sentimento de

(a) sheer joy.

pura alegria.
(b) fear, or nervousness.

medo ou nervosismo.
(c) elation.

euforia
(d) self-confidence.

autoconfiança.
(e) fear, but also pride.

medo, mas também orgulho.

49 – (ESAF-2012-MPOG-ANALISTA TÉCNICO) In paragraph 3, the author respectively defines the social reforms and the cash transfer implemented by the Lula administration, in the first term, as

(a) advanced and cautious.
(b) marginal and ineffective.
(c) unimportant and purposeless.
(d) purposeful and traditional.
(e) pivotal and original.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In paragraph 3, the author respectively defines the social reforms and the cash transfer implemented by the Lula administration, in the first term, as

No parágrafo 3, o autor define respectivamente as reformas sociais e a transferência de rendimentos implementadas pelo governo Lula, no primeiro mandato, como

(a) advanced and cautious.

 avançado e cauteloso.
(b) marginal and ineffective.

marginal e ineficaz.
(c) unimportant and purposeless.

sem importância e sem propósito.
(d) purposeful and traditional.

intencional e tradicional.
(e) pivotal and original.

fundamental e original.

50 – (ESAF-2012-MPOG-ANALISTA TÉCNICO) 

In paragraph 4, the author claims that Brazil's economic growth
(a) suddenly stopped making progress.
(b) is likely to begin slowing down.
(c) might remain high through the current year.
(d) may henceforth be resumed.
(e) was not accurately forecast.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

In paragraph 4, the author claims that Brazil's economic growth

No 4º parágrafo, o autor afirma que o crescimento econômico do Brasil
(a) suddenly stopped making progress.

deixou subitamente de fazer progressos.
(b) is likely to begin slowing down.

é provável que comece a abrandar.
(c) might remain high through the current year.

poderá manter-se elevado durante o ano em curso.
(d) may henceforth be resumed.

poderá manter-se elevado durante o ano em curso.
(e) was not accurately forecast.

não foi previsto com precisão.

ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO-LÍNGUA INGLESA - Comissão de Valores Mobiliários - Prova com gabarito.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: ESAF-CVM-ANALISTA(Mercado de Capitais)-2010, aplicada em 19/12/2010.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: ESAF- Escola de Administração Fazendária. - www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 10 Questões do tipo Múltipla Escolha(A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-E,  02-D,  03-B,  04-C,  05-A

06-E,  07-A,  08-D,  09-B,  10-C

TEXTO I: Read the text below entitled "A Latin American decade?" in order to answer questions 01 to 03:

A Latin American decade?

Source: www.economist.com

(Adapted) Sep 9th, 2010

1

Summit meetings involving Latin America's presidents are so frequent these days that Mexico's Mr Calderón has likened diplomacy in the region to a mountain range. Yet for all the talk of regional integration, political Latin America looks more divided than ever. Mr Chávez likes to threaten war against Colombia, which in turn accuses him of harbouring its FARC guerrillas. Sub-regional trade groups such as Mercosur and the Andean Community, which made progress in the 1990s, have stagnated or fallen apart.

2           
Yet while politicians bicker, corporate Latin America is quietly moving closer together. A growing army of multilatinas have expanded abroad. Some, like Embraer or Bimbo, have become global multinationals. Many others, including Chilean retailers and Brazilian banks and construction firms, have expanded within Latin America. Some Mexican firms, led by América Móvil, a telecoms giant, are moving into Brazil. Until recently such firms tended to list their shares in New York, but now a Latin American capital market is poised to emerge. In three to five years there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges, including Mexico's, reckons Mr Oliveira of BRAIN Brasil.

3

The market-oriented reforms of the 1980s and 1990s, combined with a few years of commodity driven prosperity, are transforming Latin American business.

01 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to paragraph 1, Mercosur and the Andean Community

a) have created a fairer trade.
b) brought about political divisions.
c) did not prosper in the 1990s.
d) have consolidated the region´s trade.
e) have not evolved.

02 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to paragraph 2,

a Latin American capital market is

a) prevented from emerging.
b) not likely to expand.
c) an unattainable goal.
d) about to come out.
e) unlikely to sustain itself.

03 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to the text,

“there will be a seamless network of Latin American stock exchanges”,

which means this network will

a) probably be discontinued.
b) be continuing very smoothly.
c) no longer be sustainable.
d) soon be devised.
e) not be broad and stable.

TEXTO II: Read the text below entitled “Beyond Lula” in order to answer questions 04 to 06:

Beyond Lula

Source: Newsweek (Adapted) Oct 11th, 2010

1

With the economy booming, poverty falling, and an avid new middle class hitting the supermarkets and malls, Brazil is in a sweet spot. Once a pushover for financial turmoil, Brazil survived the Great Recession largely unscathed and grew at the blistering pace of 10 percent in the first six months of 2010 (though it may cool to 6 or 7 percent by year´s end). With new offshore discoveries boosting its estimated oil reserves to at least 9 billion barrels –and possibly much more- the national oil giant, Petrobras, raised $67billion in late September, the biggest publicshare offering in global financial history. Officials are gussying up the country for the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games, and arguing over what to do with all the cash and glory that such international showcases bring.

04 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

The text refers to Brazil's economy as booming,

which means it is experiencing a period of economic

a) malaise.
b) slowdown.
c) success.
d) mismanagement.
e) distress.

05 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to the text, Brazil's growth pace is likely to

a) decrease.
b) reach 10%.
c) exceed 10%.
d) remain steady.
e) gather.

06 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

The text highlights Petrobras' public-share offering which

a) was expected to reach $67 billion.
b) might raise $67 billion.
c) could have raised $67 billion.
d) ought to have taken place.
e) took place in late September.

TEXTO 3: Read the text below entitled “10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online” in order to answer questions 07 to 10:

10 Ways to Protect Your Privacy Online

Source: www.newsweek.com (Adapted) Oct, 22nd 2010

Up to a couple of years ago, I used to say that the average person could protect his or her privacy on the Web. Even as the founder of an online reputation-management company, I believed it was possible – so long as you were willing to commit some time doing it. Today, I tell people this: the landscape of personal data mining and exploitation is shifting faster than ever; trying to protect your online privacy is like trying to build your own antivirus software – really, really diffi cult. But whether or not you have the time (or money) to invest in the pros, there are a few simple steps we can all take to reduce the risk to our private data.

1. Do not put your full birth date on your social networking profiles.

Identity thieves use birth dates as cornerstones of their craft. If you want your friends to know your birthday, try just the month and day, and leave out the year.

2. Use multiple usernames and passwords.

Keep your usernames and passwords for social networks, online banking, e-mail, and online shopping all separate. Having distinct passwords is not enough nowadays: if you have the same username across different Web sites, your entire life can be mapped and re-created with simple algorithms.

3. Shred.
If you are going to throw away credit-card offers, bank statements, or anything else that might come in hard copy to your house, rip them up into tiny bits first.

07 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to the author,

the year of your birthday must be

a) omitted.
b) pointed out.
c) filled in.
d) shifted.
e) written down

08 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to the author,

reducing the risk to our private data is

a) not sensible.
b) unworthy.
c) impossible.
d) possible.
e) not advisable.

09 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to the author,

usernames and passwords

a) should be complementary.
b) must be multiple.
c) have to be similar.
d) ought to be jumbled.
e) could be multiple.

10 – (ESAF-2010-CVM-ANALISTA DE MERCADO)

According to the author, when throwing away credit card offers or bank statements,

one should

a) inform the bank in advance.
b) store a copy of both documents.
c) tear them into thin pieces.
d) delete the identifi cation number first.
e) not cut any of these documents.

ESAF-2009 – MPOG – ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS – LÍNGUA INGLESA – MINISTÉRIO DO PLANEJAMENTO, ORÇAMENTO E GESTÃO – PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• ESAF-2009-MPOG- ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL.

www.esaf.fazenda.gov.br.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

➭ 10 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.

• Text (1) – | Faith-based politics | Newsweek Magazine |

• Text (2) – | Economic recovery: the case of the BRICs | www.economist.com |

• Text (3) – | Happy new year | www.economist.com |

❑ TEXTO 1: Read part of the interview below entitled “Faith-based politics” in order to answer questions 21 to 24:

Faith-based politics

Source: Newsweek Magazine (Adapted)

May 25th 2009

Tony Blair, Britain's longest-serving Labour Prime Minister,left office in 2007 as a relatively young man of 54. At his office in London, Blair spoke to NEWSWEEK´s Stryker McGuire. Excerpts:

• Question 1: There´s much evidence that religious beliefs have been a force for evil in the world. How do you persuade people to put faith in faith?
Many people do see faith as a source of division and
conflict. There is another side that the world of faith isn't often good enough at putting forward – which is about compassion, solidarity, social justice.

• Question 2: How do you think President Barack Obama is doing as a leader and healer on the world scene?
He's created a situation where there is a possibility of a completely different form of engagement with the world of Islam and with the outside world. The single most important thing for him is that his decision to reach out is answered by the rest of the world by a decision to reach back. As I keep saying to people, he doesn´t want cheerleaders; he wants partners. You know, he doesn´t want people to tell him how great he is; he´s perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff, as it were, around the new president and the first hundred days. He´s trying to change the world in partnership, and he needs partners to do it.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:

Faith-based politics

Política baseada na fé

Tony Blair, Britain's longest-serving Labour Prime Minister,left office in 2007 as a relatively young man of 54. At his office in London, Blair spoke to NEWSWEEK´s Stryker McGuire. Excerpts:

Tony Blair, o primeiro-ministro trabalhista britânico há mais tempo no cargo, deixou o cargo em 2007 quando era relativamente jovem, de 54 anos. No seu escritório em Londres, Blair falou com Stryker McGuire da NEWSWEEK. Trechos:

• Question 1: There´s much evidence that religious beliefs have been a force for evil in the world. How do you persuade people to put faith in faith?
• Pergunta 1: Há muitas evidências de que as crenças religiosas têm sido uma força para o mal no mundo. Como você convence as pessoas a colocarem fé na fé?

Many people do see faith as a source of division and
conflict. There is another side that the world of faith isn't often good enough at putting forward – which is about compassion, solidarity, social justice.

Muitas pessoas vêem a fé como uma fonte de divisão e

conflito. Há um outro lado que o mundo da fé muitas vezes não é suficientemente bom em apresentar – que é o da compaixão, da solidariedade e da justiça social.

• Question 2: How do you think President Barack Obama is doing as a leader and healer on the world scene?
• Pergunta 2: Como você acha que o presidente Barack Obama está se saindo como líder e curador no cenário mundial?

He's created a situation where there is a possibility of a completely different form of engagement with the world of Islam and with the outside world.

Ele criou uma situação em que existe a possibilidade de uma forma completamente diferente de envolvimento com o mundo do Islão e com o mundo exterior.

The single most important thing for him is that his decision to reach out is answered by the rest of the world by a decision to reach back.

A coisa mais importante para ele é que a sua decisão de estender a mão seja respondida pelo resto do mundo com uma decisão de voltar.

As I keep saying to people, he doesn´t want cheerleaders; he wants partners.

Como sempre digo às pessoas, ele não quer líderes de torcida; ele quer parceiros.

You know, he doesn´t want people to tell him how great he is; he´s perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff, as it were, around the new president and the first hundred days.

Sabe né, ele não quer que as pessoas lhe digam o quão incrível ele é; ele está perfeitamente ciente da natureza transitória de toda aquela "adulação", por assim dizer, em torno do novo presidente e dos primeiros cem dias.

He´s trying to change the world in partnership, and he needs partners to do it.

Ele está tentando mudar o mundo em parceria e precisa de parceiros para isso.

21 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

In his answer to question 1, Mr Blair

(A) disregards the role played by faith.
(B) excludes faith from his analysis.
(C) defines faith as a source of division.
(D) points to other aspects of faith.
(E) puts faith as a source of evil.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Na sua resposta à 1ª pergunta , o Senhor Blair

(A) disregards the role played by faith. – desconsidera o papel desempenhado pela fé.
(B) excludes faith from his analysis. – exclui a fé de sua análise.
(C) defines faith as a source of division. – define a fé como fonte de divisão.
(D) points to other aspects of faith. – aponta para outros aspectos da fé.
(E) puts faith as a source of evil. – coloca a fé como fonte do mal.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] Many people do see faith as a source of division and

conflict. There is another side that the world of faith isn't often good enough at putting forward – which is about compassion, solidarity, social justice.

• Muitas pessoas vêem a fé como uma fonte de divisão e

conflito. Há outro lado que o mundo da fé não costuma ser suficientemente bom em propor(sugerir) - que é a compaixão, a solidariedade, a justiça social.

22 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

In his answer to question 1, Mr Blair refers to compassion,solidarity and social justice as concepts “the world of faithis not good enough at putting forward.” In other words, at

(A) embracing.
(B) preventing.
(C) propounding.
(D) discouraging.
(E) experiencing.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - PHRASAL VERB "TO PUT FORWARD":

Na sua resposta à pergunta 1, o Sr. Blair refere-se à compaixão, à solidariedade e à justiça social como conceitos que “the world of faith is not good enough at putting forward.”

Em outras palavras, em

(A) embracing. – abraçar
(B) preventing. – prevenir
(C) propounding. – propor
(D) discouraging. – desanimar
(E) experiencing. – experimentar

➭ TO PUT FORWARD (phrasal verb) – APRESENTAR, PROPOR, SUGERIR; 

• She put forward a compromise proposal. – Ela apresentou uma proposta de compromisso.

• They put forward a number of suggestions. – Eles apresentaram uma série de sugestões.

• Both parties have put forward plans for political reform. – 

Ambos os partidos apresentaram planos de reforma política.

• Both parties have put forward plans for political reform. – 

Ambos os partidos apresentaram planos de reforma política.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org

23 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

In his answer to question 2, Mr Blair says that President Barack Obama is “perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff.”

In other words, the US President

(A) believes its characteristics are lasting.
(B) understands its ephemeral nature.
(C) feels fluff is a sensitive issue.
(D) underestimates the intensity of flattery.
(E) conceives fluff as naturally unique.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - EXPRESSÕES EQUIVALENTES SEMANTICAMENTES:

Na sua resposta à pergunta 2, Blair diz que o Presidente Barack Obama está “perfectly well aware of the transient nature of all that fluff.”(perfeitamente consciente da natureza transitória de toda essa bajulação).

Em outras palavras, o presidente dos EUA

(A) believes its characteristics are lasting. – acredita que suas características são duradouras.
(B) understands its ephemeral nature. – compreende sua natureza efêmera.
(C) feels fluff is a sensitive issue. – sente que a bajulação é uma questão delicada.
(D) underestimates the intensity of flattery. – subestima a intensidade da bajulação.
(E) conceives fluff as naturally unique. – concebe a bajulação como naturalmente única.

➭ EPHEMERAL NATURE  / TRANSIENT NATURE – NATUREZA EFÊMERA, NATUREZA TRANSITÓRIA.

24 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

In Mr Blair's view, President Barack Obama

(A) ought to have sought partnership.
(B) wants to be approved and praised.
(C) should consider building partnerships.
(D) must prioritise some religious issues.
(E) is seeking partnership.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

Na opinião de Tony Blair, o Presidente Barack Obama

(A) ought to have sought partnership. – deveria ter buscado parceria.
(B) wants to be approved and praised. – quer ser aprovado e elogiado.
(C) should consider building partnerships. – deveria considerar a construção de parcerias.
(D) must prioritise some religious issues. – deve priorizar algumas questões religiosas.
(E) is seeking partnership. – está buscando parceria.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] He's trying to change the world in partnership, and he needs partners to do it.

• Ele está tentando mudar o mundo em parceria e precisa de parceiros para isso.

❑ TEXTO 2: Read the text below which is entitled “Economic recovery: the case of the BRICs” in order to answer questions 25 to 27:

Economic recovery: the case of the BRICs

Source: www.economist.com

June 18th 2009 (Adapted)

          

According to the IMF´s Mr Felman, in early 2008 all the contribution of investment to growth came from non-state-owned enterprises, mostly the private sector; since December 2008, more than half has come from state-owned enterprises. 

Something similar is happening in Brazil. Between last September and this January credit from foreign-owned and domestic private banks rose by 3%; credit from public banks rose by 14%. The beneficiaries seem to be large firms, where loans are growing four times as quickly as at small ones.
           

It is not clear how far, in the long run, the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) will be affected by a big rise in the size of the government and large state-owned firms. But that rise is probably inevitable. China and, to a lesser extent, Brazil and India, benefited hugely from America´s appetite for imports in 2000-08. That appetite has fallen and is likely to remain low for years, as American consumers adjust their spending and savings habits. The rise may also be difficult to reverse: the experience of the West has been that the public sector expands relentlessly until it reaches between 40% and 50% of GDP (Gross Domestic Product). But if the BRICs cannot export their way out of recession, the expansion of government is the main alternative to the slump being endured in those other big capital exporters.

25 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

According to paragraph 1, in 2008, economic growth through investment

(A) was mainly stimulated by state-sector businesses.
(B) is yet to be translated into reliable figures.
(C) did not derive from a single source.
(D) is soon to be defined by the IMF's Mr Felman.
(E) did not come from the private sector.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o parágrafo 1, em 2008, o crescimento econômico através de investimento

(A) was mainly stimulated by state-sector businesses. – foi estimulado principalmente por empresas do setor estatal.
(B) is yet to be translated into reliable figures. – ainda não foi traduzido em números confiáveis.
(C) did not derive from a single source. – não derivou de uma única fonte.
(D) is soon to be defined by the IMF's Mr Felman. – será em breve definida pelo Sr. Felman do FMI.
(E) did not come from the private sector. – não veio do setor privado.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] According to the IMF´s Mr Felman, in early 2008 all the contribution of investment to growth came from non-state-owned enterprises, mostly the private sector; since December 2008, more than half has come from state-owned enterprises."

• De acordo com Felman, do FMI, no início de 2008 toda a contribuição do investimento para o crescimento veio de empresas não estatais, principalmente do sector privado; desde Dezembro de 2008, mais de metade provém de empresas estatais.

26– (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

According to paragraph 2, a big rise in the size of the government in the BRICs seems to be

(A) controllable.
(B) undesirable.
(C) threatening.
(D) unavoidable.
(E) unlikely.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE VOCÁBULOS DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o parágrafo 2, um grande aumento na dimensão do governo nos BRIC parece ser

(A) controllable. – controlável.
(B) undesirable. – indesejável.
(C) threatening. – ameaçador.
(D) unavoidable. – inevitável, impossível de evitar.
(E) unlikely. – improvável.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] It is not clear how far, in the long run, the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) will be affected by a big rise in the size of the government and large state-owned firms. But that rise is probably inevitable."

• Não está claro até que ponto, a longo prazo, os BRIC (Brasil, Rússia, Índia e China) serão afectados por um grande aumento na dimensão do governo e das grandes empresas estatais. Mas esse aumento é provavelmente inevitável.

27 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

According to paragraph 2, the quantity of goods imported by the USA has

(A) decreased.
(B) grown.
(C) abounded.
(D) risen.
(E) halved.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o parágrafo 2, a quantidade de mercadorias importadas pelos EUA tem

(A) decreased. – diminuído.
(B) grown. – crescido.
(C) abounded. – ascendido.
(D) risen. – subido.
(E) halved. – reduzido pela metade.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] China and, to a lesser extent, Brazil and India, benefited hugely from America's appetite for imports in 2000-08. That appetite has fallen and is likely to remain low for years, as American consumers adjust their spending and savings habits."

• A China e, em menor medida, o Brasil e a Índia, beneficiaram enormemente do apetite dos EUA pelas importações em 2000-08. Esse apetite diminuiu e deverá permanecer baixo durante anos, à medida que os consumidores americanos ajustam os seus hábitos de consumo e poupança.

❑ TEXTO 3: Read the text below entitled "Happy new year" so as to answer questions 28 to 30:

Happy new year

Source: www.economist.com

Jul 2nd 2009 (Adapted)

         

The mantra in Washington,DC is simple: spend billions now, pay later. Congress has been crafting ambitious plans for energy, health care and transport. But the mood in state capitals has been different. Forty-six states had a deadline of June 30th to pass their budgets. Just as important, those budgets had to be balanced. With the sole exemption of Vermont, America's state governments, unlike the federal one, are not allowed to run deficits. June was an agonizing month.

        

On the morning of July 1st, the first day of the new fiscal year for most states, taxpayers had reason to be glum. Connecticut, North Carolina and Ohio had passed temporary extensions. California, Arizona, Pennsylvania and Illinois did not have a balanced budget as required. Most states that did pass budgets imposed painful cuts,higher taxes and fees on everything from pesticides in Minnesota to hunting licences in Maine.
        

Matters would be worse if it were not for Washington's stimulus package, which provides more than $135 billion to support state budgets. Most money, $87 billion, is for Medicaid, the government´s health-care programme for the poor. A further $48 billion created a State Fiscal Stabilisation Fund, mostly for schools and universities.

28 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

According to paragraph 1,

(A) ambitious plans have been devised by state governments.
(B) on June 30th, 46 states had already trimmed their budgets.
(C) deficits have been closed by forty-six states.
(D) lower revenue collections had been forecast up to June 30th.
(E) June was a very worrying and upsetting month.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  E 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o parágrafo 1,

(A) ambitious plans have been devised by state governments. – planos ambiciosos foram elaborados pelos governos estaduais.
(B) on June 30th, 46 states had already trimmed their budgets. – em 30 de junho, 46 estados já haviam cortado seus orçamentos.
(C) deficits have been closed by forty-six states. – os défices foram eliminados por quarenta e seis estados.
(D) lower revenue collections had been forecast up to June 30th. – estavam previstas menores arrecadações de receitas até 30 de junho.
(E) June was a very worrying and upsetting month. – Junho foi um mês muito preocupante e chato.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] With the sole exemption of Vermont, America's state governments, unlike the federal one, are not allowed to run deficits. June was an agonizing month."

• Com a única isenção de Vermont, os governos estaduais dos Estados Unidos, ao contrário do governo federal, não estão autorizados a incorrer em "deficits". Junho foi um mês angustiante.

29 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

According to paragraph 2, “taxpayers had reason to be glum”. In other words, they

(A) were understandably disappointed and sad.
(B) ought to feel worried, but also relieved.
(C) would rather be depressed.
(D) might well be cautiously optimistic.
(E) could reasonably seem hopeful.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o parágrafo 2, “os contribuintes tinham motivos para estar desanimados”.

Em outras palavras, eles

(A) were understandably disappointed and sad. – estavam compreensivelmente desapontados e tristes.
(B) ought to feel worried, but also relieved. – deveria sentir-se preocupado, mas também aliviado.
(C) would rather be depressed. – preferem ficar deprimido.
(D) might well be cautiously optimistic. – podem muito bem ser cautelosamente otimista.
(E) could reasonably seem hopeful. – poderia razoavelmente parecer esperançoso.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] With the sole exemption of Vermont, America's state governments, unlike the federal one, are not allowed to run deficits. June was an agonizing month. On the morning of July 1st, the first day of the new fiscal year for most states, taxpayers had reason to be glum."

• Com a única isenção de Vermont, os governos estaduais da América, ao contrário do governo federal, não estão autorizados a incorrer em défices. Junho foi um mês angustiante. Na manhã de 1º de julho, primeiro dia do novo ano fiscal para a maioria dos estados, os contribuintes tinham motivos para estar desanimados.

30 – (ESAF-2009-MPOG-ESPECIALISTA EM POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL)

According to paragraph 3,

(A) Washington's stimulus package was slashed.
(B) state budgets are being supported.
(C) a stimulus package is going to be provided.
(D) lay-offs and furloughs have been prevented.
(E) states are going to close their deficits.

 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO:

De acordo com o parágrafo 3,

(A) Washington's stimulus package was slashed. – O pacote de estímulo de Washington foi reduzido.
(B) state budgets are being supported. – os orçamentos do estado estão sendo sustentados.
(C) a stimulus package is going to be provided. – um pacote de estímulo será fornecido.
(D) lay-offs and furloughs have been prevented. – foram evitadas demissões e licenças.
(E) states are going to close their deficits. – os estados vão fechar os seus défices.

➭ TRECHO QUE JUSTIFICA A RESPOSTA:

• "[...] Matters would be worse if it were not for Washington's stimulus package, which provides more than $135 billion to support state budgets."

• As coisas seriam piores se não fosse o pacote de estímulo de Washington, que fornece mais de 135 mil milhões de dólares para apoiar os orçamentos estatais.