www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br
❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
• IDECAN-2019-INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DA PARAÍBA-PROFESSOR.
idecan.org.br
• 30 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 5 Options Each Question.
❑ TEXTO 1: Questions 21-23 are based on the following passage.❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1:
Assessing learners’ oral skills are considered as a crucial
process in most EFL teaching and learning programs.
- "Assessing learners’ oral skills" - A avaliação das habilidades orais
- EFL - English as a Foreign Language (Inglês como Língua Estrangeira).
However, it
can be challenging for teachers to make a valid, reliable, and fair
assessment.
- "a valid, reliable, and fair assessment"- uma avaliação válida, confiável e justa.
This study aimed to investigate Saudi college students’
and teachers’ point of views toward the effectiveness of oral
assessment techniques used to assess learners speaking-skills in
the EFL classroom.
- "This study aimed to investigate Saudi college students’ and teachers’ point of views Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os pontos de vista de estudantes universitários e professores sauditas.
- toward the effectiveness of oral assessment techniques - em relação à eficácia das técnicas de avaliação oral.
- "oral assessment" - avaliação oral.
- "used to assess" - usadas para avaliar,
- "learners speaking-skills" - habilidades de conversação dos alunos.
- in the EFL classroom - na sala de aula de EFL.
Two different questionnaires were administered
to 12 EFL teachers and forty-two students’ who are majoring in
English at the Languages and Translation College at King Saud
University.
Dois questionários diferentes foram aplicados a 12 professores de EFL e quarenta e dois alunos que estão se especializando em Inglês na Faculdade de Línguas e Tradução da Universidade King Saud.
Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected from
respondents, treated statistically, analyzed and revealed in the
following sections.
- "Both quantitative and qualitative data" - Dados quantitativos e qualitativos.
- "collected from respondents" - foram coletados dos entrevistados.
- "treated statistically" - tratados estatisticamente.
The findings of the study revealed that EFL
teachers are using a variety of communicative oral assessment
techniques and are utilizing effective assessment procedures in
assessing their students’ speaking skills.
As conclusões do estudo revelaram que os professores de EFL estão utilizando uma variedade de técnicas comunicativas de avaliação oral e utilizando procedimentos de avaliação eficazes para avaliar as competências de fala dos seus estudantes.
- "The findings" (= the results) - os resultados, as conclusões.
- "are using a variety of" - estão utilizando uma variedade de.
- "communicative oral assessment techniques" - técnicas comunicativas de avaliação oral.
- "effective assessment procedures in assessing" - procedimentos de avaliação eficazes para avaliar.
- "their students’ speaking skills" - as habilidades de fala de seus alunos.
For students, the results
revealed that students are generally satisfied with the assessment
techniques and procedures that, teachers use in assessing their
language performance. Para os estudantes, os resultados revelaram que os estudantes estão geralmente satisfeitos com as técnicas e procedimentos de avaliação que os professores utilizam para avaliar o seu desempenho linguístico.
- "satisfied with" - satisfeitos com.
- "the assessment techniques and procedures" - as técnicas e procedimentos de avaliação.
- "language performance" - desempenho linguístico.
Recommendations and suggestions are
offered for all concerned parties.
- "for all concerned parties" - a todas as partes interessadas.
(Available in:
http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/elt/article/view/0/390
Accessed on May 16th, 2019. Adapted.)
21 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) The passage above was taken from a scientific article.
Which
part of the article was this passage probably taken from?
(A) Introduction.
(B) Summary.
(C) Results.
(D) Acknowledgments.
(E) Literature review.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Which part of the article was this passage probably taken from?
(A) Introduction.
(B) Summary. (=a short, clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about something)
(C) Results.
(D) Acknowledgments.
(E) Literature review.
22 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) What can be inferred from the passage?
(A) The EFL initials are an abbreviation for “English as a foreign
learner”.
(B) The EFL students' oral skills can be considered valid, reliable
and fair, therefore difficult to be evaluated.
(C) The evaluations were directed for graduate students at the
Languages and Translation College at King Saud University.
(D) An oral evaluation was conducted for both students and teachers
during the research.
(E) An opinion survey was conducted for both teachers and students
during the research.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
What can be inferred from the passage?
(A) The EFL initials are an abbreviation for “English as a foreign learner”.
>> INCORRETA.
- EFL - English as a Foreign Language (Inglês como Língua Estrangeira).
(B) The EFL students' oral skills can be considered valid, reliable and fair, therefore difficult to be evaluated.
>> INCORRETA.
- However, it can be challenging for teachers to make a valid, reliable, and fair assessment.
- "a valid, reliable, and fair assessment"- uma avaliação válida, confiável e justa.
(C) The evaluations were directed for graduate students at the Languages and Translation College at King Saud University.
(D) An oral evaluation was conducted for both students and teachers during the research.
(E) An opinion survey was conducted for both teachers and students during the research.
23 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What can be stated about the result of the research?
A) Study subjects showed increased English speaking skills and
responded positively to the methods used to assess their English
speaking skills.
B) Students were not satisfied with their teacher's assessment
techniques and procedures due to the variety of methods used.
C) Teachers were satisfied with the variety of techniques used when
assessing their students' speaking skills.
D) Students were satisfied with their performance regarding the
methods used by the teachers to assess their English speaking
skills.
E) Teachers responded positively to the research intent since they
used diverse and efficient methods to assess their students'
English speaking skills.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
24 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
According to the textual genres, it can be stated that
A) a hortatory text provides truth in a way that is educational and
purposeful.
B) a procedural text is intended to encourage someone to do
something.
C) a narrative text lists the characteristic or something or someone.
D) a descriptive text give guidance on how to do something.
E) a expository text provides facts through a reliable source.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
25 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) Based on the concepts and applicability of English for specific
purposes (ESP), it can be stated that
A) It is more likely to be design for adult learners.
B) It is usually direct to beginners.
C) It uses the same methodology from that one of general English.
D) It has nothing in common with English for speakers of other
languages (ESOL).
E) It is more likely to be direct to native speakers.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO 2: Questions 26-30 are based on the following passage:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:
Schools of thought: can mindfulness lessons boost child
mental health?
Escolas de pensamento: as aulas de consciência plena (ou atenção plena) podem melhorar a saúde mental das crianças?
Children are taking 10 minutes out from the hurly burly school
day to reflect on their thoughts and their feelings. As crianças estão tirando 10 minutos do agitado dia escolar para refletir sobre seus pensamentos e sentimentos.
Some ground
themselves by thinking about their feet on the floor, while others
concentrate on their breathing. Alguns se firmam pensando nos pés no chão, enquanto outros se concentram na respiração.
This is mindfulness, the lessons quickly growing in popularity
as an antidote to the stress of being a young person in the 21st century,
be it pressure to perform in exams, social media, or the obsession with
body image that is reported to even affect primary age children. Isso é atenção plena, as lições que crescem rapidamente em popularidade como um antídoto para o estresse de ser um jovem no século 21, seja a pressão para ter um bom desempenho nos exames, nas redes sociais ou a obsessão pela imagem corporal que, segundo relatos, afeta até mesmo os níveis primários. crianças em idade.
Children are learning about their brains and how to deal with
unruly thoughts – to control emotions such as anger and fear. As crianças estão aprendendo sobre seus cérebros e como lidar com pensamentos indisciplinados – como controlar emoções como raiva e medo.
It is no
longer head, shoulders, knees and toes, but amygdala, hippocampus
and pre-frontal cortex. Não é mais cabeça, ombros, joelhos e dedos dos pés, mas amígdala, hipocampo e córtex pré-frontal.
The most recent NHS survey of young people’s mental health
in 2017 shows one-in-eight 5- to 19-year-olds in England has a
diagnosable mental health condition. A pesquisa mais recente do NHS sobre a saúde mental dos jovens, realizado em 2017, mostra que um em cada oito jovens entre os 5 e os 19 anos de idade em Inglaterra tem um problema de saúde mental diagnosticável.
Hospital admissions for anorexia
alone more than doubled in the eight years to 2017/18. Somente as internações hospitalares por anorexia mais que dobraram nos oito anos até 2017/18.
Stress is a known barrier to learning and a growing number of
schools are targeting the emotional health of pupils through schemes
such as meditation, mindfulness and the provision of mental health first
aiders and buddies. O stress é uma barreira conhecida à aprendizagem e um número crescente de escolas estão visando a saúde emocional dos alunos através de programas como a meditação, a atenção plena e a prestação de primeiros socorros e amigos de saúde mental.
The Mental Health Foundation charity wants emotional
wellbeing to be at the heart of the school curriculum, and has chosen
body image as the key theme of this year’s Mental Health Awareness
Week. A instituição de caridade Mental Health Foundation deseja que o bem-estar emocional esteja no centro do currículo escolar e escolheu a imagem corporal como tema principal da Semana de Conscientização sobre Saúde Mental deste ano.
Dr Antonis Kousoulis, its assistant director, said its survey last
year found 47% of people aged 18-24 had experienced stress over their
body image to the extent of being overwhelmed or unable to cope. Antonis Kousoulis, seu diretor assistente, disse que a pesquisa do ano passado descobriu que 47% das pessoas entre 18 e 24 anos sofreram estresse em relação à imagem corporal, a ponto de ficarem sobrecarregadas ou incapazes de lidar com a situação.
“Social media has certainly played a part,” he says. “A mídia social certamente desempenhou um papel”, diz ele.
“Historically, it was
the mirror that was the main driver of perception of our image and how
we thought others perceived us. “Historicamente, era o espelho o principal impulsionador da percepção da nossa imagem e de como pensávamos que os outros nos viam.
Nowadays, young people are exposed
almost on a 24/7 basis to manipulated and heavily edited images,
whether that’s in advertising or photos of their friends.” Hoje em dia, os jovens estão expostos quase 24 horas por dia, 7 dias por semana, a imagens manipuladas e fortemente editadas, seja em publicidade ou em fotos dos seus amigos.”
Over the past five years there has been a proliferation of
mindfulness organisations and companies selling lesson plans and staff
training to schools. Nos últimos cinco anos, tem havido uma proliferação de organizações e empresas de "mindfulness" que vendem planos de aulas e formação de pessoal para escolas.
But does it work? Mas isso funciona?
Secondary school teacher Richard Burnett, who founded the
Mindfulness in Schools Project 10 years ago, warns against “quick fix”
approaches. O professor do ensino secundário Richard Burnett, que fundou o Projecto Mindfulness nas Escolas há 10 anos, alerta contra abordagens de “solução rápida”.
We are a charity started by teachers who wanted to teach
children how best to manage their thoughts and feelings and deal with
the rollercoaster of being a young person,” he says. “Somos uma instituição de caridade fundada por professores que queriam ensinar às crianças a melhor forma de gerir os seus pensamentos e sentimentos e lidar com a montanha-russa de ser jovem”, diz ele.
It has two training courses for teachers – one aimed at
secondary students and another for younger classes. Possui dois cursos de formação de professores – um destinado aos alunos do ensino secundário e outro às turmas mais jovens.
“It’s about training
your attention to notice what is going on. “Trata-se de treinar sua atenção para perceber o que está acontecendo.
If you are aware of that, you
can choose how to respond, for example to manage the amygdala, the
part of the brain that detects fear and prepares a response,” he says. Se você estiver ciente disso, poderá escolher como responder, por exemplo, gerenciar a amígdala, a parte do cérebro que detecta o medo e prepara uma resposta”, afirma.
Emotional disorders are on the rise, and we should instil
something in our children and young people about coping with stress,
advises Lee Hudson, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child
Health’s mental health lead. Os distúrbios emocionais estão aumentando e deveríamos incutir algo em nossas crianças e jovens sobre como lidar com o estresse, aconselha Lee Hudson, líder de saúde mental do Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health.
But should it be mindfulness? Mas deveria ser atenção plena?
There is
evidence that the process can bring benefits to adults, he says. Há evidências de que o processo pode trazer benefícios aos adultos, afirma.
“[But]
the evidence for its effectiveness with children is not yet sufficiently
robust and we need more research. “[Mas] as evidências da sua eficácia com crianças ainda não são suficientemente robustas e precisamos de mais investigação.
However, some schools are rolling
it out and children seem to enjoy it – and it unlikely to cause harm.” No entanto, algumas escolas estão a implementá-lo e as crianças parecem gostar – e é pouco provável que cause danos.”
(Available in: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/may/16/mindfulnesslessons-child-mental-health. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)
26 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What does the word “unruly” in paragraph 3 mean?
A) accurate
B) satisfying
C) impulsive
D) unacceptable
E) poor
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
27 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Provide alternative techniques for improving child's mental
health, such as acceptance of one's own body.
B) Identify problems arising from lack of emotional control, such as
anorexia and stress.
C) Question the efficiency of mindfulness lessons to control
emotions and improve mental health.
D) Demonstrate current school’s concern over child's mental health
and whether mindful lessons could help minimize it or not.
E) Criticize current mental health practices in schools and how they
are contributing to the development of emotional disorders.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
28 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
The word 'overwhelmed’' highlighted in paragraph 6 could be
best replaced by
A) thankful.
B) devastated.
C) unhappy.
D) cheered up.
E) reckless.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
29 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What can be stated about the passage?
A) The Mental Health Foundation is a non-profit institution which
focuses on body image to help young learners become more
self-reliant.
B) The NHS survey showed that there was an increase in the
number of people diagnosed with mental health conditions
around the world.
C) The Mindfulness in School Projects was created to help children
to manage their thoughts and feelings.
D) The Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health’s mental
health considers that something should be done to help young
learners to understand and deal with stress.
E) The Mental Health Awareness Week is working in partnership
with schools to reduce the number of children’s mental health
problems.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
30 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) What does the phrasal verb “roll it out” in paragraph 10 mean?
A) to introduce.
B) to discredit.
C) to put away.
D) to reopen.
E) to concern.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
31 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
Which of the following statement is true about the narrative text?
A) Biography cannot be considered a narrative text since it only
presents the facts about an individual's life. It also makes an
attempt to explain someone’s feeling which characterizes it as a
descriptive genre.
B) The narrative text is a subject-oriented writing style, in which the
author focus on telling about a given topic or subject without
exposing one’s idea.
C) Advertisement can be considered a narrative text since it is
noticed and announced in a public medium, which can possibly
be done by narrating the story of a company or product.
D) Electronic mail can be considered a narrative text since it is
mostly used to convey information and communicate.
E) Novel can be considered a narrative text. It describes intimate
human experience and the story is developed to deliver
information to the audience, particularly about the plot.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO 3: Questions 32-33 are based on the following passage:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 3:
Why 'Run' Is The Most Complex Word in the English Language
Por que 'Run' é a palavra mais complexa da língua inglesa
BY EMILY PETSKO
English can be hard for other language speakers to learn. Inglês pode ser difícil para falantes de outros idiomas aprenderem.
To
use just one example, there are at least eight different ways of
expressing events in the future, and conditional tenses are another
matter entirely. Para usar apenas um exemplo, existem pelo menos oito maneiras diferentes de expressar eventos no futuro, e os tempos condicionais são outra questão completamente diferente.
For evidence of the many nuances and inconsistencies
of the English tongue, look no further than this tricky poem penned in
1920. Para obter evidências das muitas nuances e inconsistências da língua inglesa, não procure mais, este poema complicado escrito em 1920.
(For a sample: “Hiccough has the sound of cup. My advice is to
give up!”) (Para um exemplo: “Hiccough has the sound of cup. Meu conselho é desistir!”)
As author Simon Winchester wrote for The New York Times,
there’s one English word in particular that’s deceptively simple: run. Como autor Simon Winchester escreveu para o The New York Times, há uma palavra em inglês em particular que é aparentemente simples: correr.
As
a verb, it boasts a record-setting 645 definitions. Como verbo, possui um recorde de 645 definições.
Peter Gilliver, a
lexicographer and associate editor of the Oxford English Dictionary,
spent nine months sussing out its many shades of meaning. Peter Gilliver, lexicógrafo e editor associado do Oxford English Dictionary, passou nove meses analisando seus vários matizes de significado.
“You might think this word simply means ‘to go with quick
steps on alternate feet, never having both or (in the case of many
animals) all feet on the ground at the same time,’” Winchester writes. “Você pode pensar que esta palavra significa simplesmente ‘dar passos rápidos com pés alternados, nunca tendo ambos ou (no caso de muitos animais) todos os pés no chão ao mesmo tempo’”, escreve Winchester.
“But no such luck: that is merely sense, and there are miles to go before
the reader of this particular entry may sleep.” “Mas não tive essa sorte: isso é apenas bom senso, e ainda há quilômetros a percorrer antes que o leitor desta entrada em particular consiga dormir.”
This wasn’t always the case, though. No entanto, nem sempre foi assim.
When the first edition of
the Oxford English Dictionary was published in 1928, the word with the
most definitions was set. Quando a primeira edição do Oxford English Dictionary foi publicada em 1928, foi definida a palavra com mais definições.
However, the word put later outpaced it, and
run eventually overtook them both as the English language's most
complex word. No entanto, a palavra put mais tarde a ultrapassou e run acabou ultrapassando ambas como a palavra mais complexa da língua inglesa.
Winchester thinks this evolution is partly due to
advancements in technology (for instance, “a train runs on tracks” and
“an iPad runs apps”). Winchester acredita que essa evolução se deve em parte aos avanços tecnológicos (por exemplo, “um trem corre sobre trilhos” e “um iPad roda aplicativos”).
He believes the widespread use of run — and its intricate web
of meanings — is also a reflection of our times. Ele acredita que o uso generalizado de run – e sua intrincada rede de significados – também é um reflexo de nossos tempos.
“It is a feature of our more
sort of energetic and frantic times that set and put seem, in a peculiar
way, sort of rather stodgy, rather conservative,” Gilliver told NPR in an
interview. “É uma característica de nossos tempos mais enérgicos e frenéticos que set e put parecem, de uma forma peculiar, um tanto enfadonhos, bastante conservadores”, disse Gilliver à NPR em uma entrevista.
So the next time you tell your boss you "want to run an idea"
by them, know that you’re unconsciously expressing your enthusiasm —
as well as all the other subtleties wrapped up in run that previous words
like set failed to capture. Então, da próxima vez que você disser ao seu chefe que “quer apresentar uma ideia” a ele, saiba que você está inconscientemente expressando seu entusiasmo – bem como todas as outras sutilezas envolvidas na execução que palavras anteriores como set não conseguiram capturar.
(Available in: http://mentalfloss.com/article/582820/run-most-complex-word-inenglish-language. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)
32 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What can be stated about the passage?
A) The English language can be difficult to be understood by foreign
students due to some of its peculiarities. The variety of verb
tenses that the verb “run” indicates exemplifies one of this difficult
peculiarities.
B) The author Simon Winchester, a columnist at New York Times,
finds that the English language can be particularly difficult. The
verb “run”, for example, contains more than 645 definitions.
C) The word “run” became the English word with the greatest
number of meanings in 1928 . This can be explained due to the
advancement in technology that provided diverse contexts for
the use of the word.
D) The great number of meanings the word “run” has can be
understood by the current moment we live, given the amount of
information and the emergence of new technologies.
E) The main meaning of the word run is related to the practice of
physical activity. Yet, it contains 644 other definitions which
demonstrates how English can be difficult for foreign students.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
33 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) Which of the following phrases is true about the the word “run”?
A) In “The movie runs for 2 hours”, the word run can best be
replaced by “was filmed”.
B) In “The airplane has made its last run”, the word run can best be
replaced by “trip”.
C) In “Do you know how to run this computer?”, the word run can
best be replaced by “fix”.
D) In “Do you want to run your eye over this project?”, the word run
can best be replaced by “agree”.
E) In “Doctor Ryan is the one who runs that hospital”, the word run
can best be replaced by “owns”.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
34 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) Which situation best fits the characteristics of English for specific
purposes?
A) Brazilian general managers studying English to speak with
foreign companies based in India.
B) Argentinian secretaries studying English to attend foreign guests
who are coming for the World Cup.
C) Italian Chemical Engineering students learning English to be
able to understand their postgraduate course in England.
D) Japanese Children learning English so they can understand their
favorite characters communicating in a foreign animated film.
E) American workers learning English so they can understand the
difference between formal and informal language.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO 3: Questions 35-38 are based on the following passage:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 3:
The Regional English Training Centres (RETC) project – new
approach to teaching English already shows results
O projeto Centros Regionais de Treinamento de Inglês (RETC) – nova abordagem para o ensino de inglês já mostra resultados
September 30, 2018 08:00 30 de setembro de 2018 08:00
By The nation Por A nação
British Council and the Thai Education Ministry have joined
hands to modernise the teaching methods of 17,000 English-language
teachers in the kingdom, moving from the “grammar-vocabulary”
memorisation system to focus on communication. O British Council e o Ministério da Educação da Tailândia uniram-se para modernizar os métodos de ensino de 17.000 professores de língua inglesa no reino, passando do sistema de memorização de “gramática-vocabulário” para se concentrarem na comunicação.
The UK cultural and
education international body’s Regional English Training Centres
(RETC) project aims to improve the skills of teachers at primary and
secondary schools across Thailand. O projeto dos Centros Regionais de Treinamento de Inglês (RETC) visa melhorar as habilidades dos professores nas escolas primárias e secundárias em toda a Tailândia.
Some 75% of English teachers in Thailand are ranked at the
A2 elementary level in the Common European Framework of Reference
(CEFR), representing an IELTS score of 3.5 to 4, according to the
statement issued by British Council on Friday. Cerca de 75% dos professores de inglês na Tailândia são classificados no nível elementar A2 no Quadro Europeu Comum de Referência (QECR), representando uma pontuação no IELTS de 3,5 a 4, de acordo com o comunicado divulgado pelo British Council na sexta-feira.
The RETC Boot Camp
project was first introduced in 2015 to improve overall English teaching
proficiency. O projeto RETC Boot Camp foi introduzido pela primeira vez em 2015 para melhorar a proficiência geral do ensino de inglês.
After two and a half years, 15,300 English teachers, or 90%,
have improved their confidence in teaching English and using it in
classrooms. Após dois anos e meio, 15.300 professores de inglês, ou 90%, melhoraram a sua confiança no ensino do inglês e na sua utilização nas salas de aula.
As the next step, an assessment and evaluation system is to
be considered to assist in the adaptation toward the communicative
approach. Como próximo passo, um sistema de avaliação e avaliação deverá ser considerado para auxiliar na adaptação à abordagem comunicativa.
Education Minister Teerakiat Jareonsettasin said the
development of Thai students’ English skills is crucial and needs serious
improvement. O Ministro da Educação, Teerakiat Jareonsettasin, disse que o desenvolvimento das habilidades de inglês dos estudantes tailandeses é crucial e precisa de melhorias sérias.
Each Thai student studies English for at least 12 years at
primary and secondary school, however most are unable to
communicate in English which is the main obstacle to global
competition, he said. Cada estudante tailandês estuda inglês durante pelo menos 12 anos na escola primária e secundária, mas a maioria não consegue comunicar em inglês, o que é o principal obstáculo à competição global, disse ele.
Two main challenges that need to be addressed
are Thai teachers’ English skills and their teaching approach. Dois desafios principais que precisam de ser abordados são as competências em inglês dos professores tailandeses e a sua abordagem de ensino.
“By
focusing on language accuracy and the memorisation method rather
than the communicative approach, most Thai students cannot
communicate effectively in English,” he said. “Ao concentrar-se na precisão da linguagem e no método de memorização, em vez da abordagem comunicativa, a maioria dos estudantes tailandeses não consegue comunicar eficazmente em inglês”, disse ele.
Many Thai students also have a poor attitude towards English
classes. Muitos estudantes tailandeses também têm uma atitude negativa em relação às aulas de inglês.
Andrew Glass, director of British Council Thailand, said since
the start of the project, 15 RETCs have been established and that
17,000 out of 40,000 of Thailand’s English teachers have been trained
and mentored in the communicative approach. Andrew Glass, diretor do British Council Tailândia, disse que desde o início do projeto, 15 RETCs foram estabelecidos e que 17 mil dos 40 mil professores de inglês da Tailândia foram treinados e orientados na abordagem comunicativa.
Additionally, more than
30 teachers have been intensively trained to become TMTs. Além disso, mais de 30 professores foram treinados intensivamente para se tornarem TMTs.
They work
with British Council trainers to mentor and transfer knowledge to
teachers and school directors, creating academic networking
opportunities with regional supervisors to improve their follow-up
sessions. Eles trabalham com formadores do British Council para orientar e transferir conhecimentos para professores e diretores de escolas, criando oportunidades de networking acadêmico com supervisores regionais para melhorar as suas sessões de acompanhamento.
After completing the project, the research clearly indicates that
90% or 15,300 English teachers have more confidence in teaching
English in the communicative approach and more confidence in using
English in their classrooms. Após a conclusão do projeto, a pesquisa indica claramente que 90% ou 15.300 professores de inglês têm mais confiança no ensino de inglês na abordagem comunicativa e mais confiança no uso do inglês em suas salas de aula.
Besides, 72 of English teachers improved
their lesson planning and were able to give clearer instructions, while
94% improved their lesson management. Além disso, 72 dos professores de inglês melhoraram o planeamento das aulas e conseguiram dar instruções mais claras, enquanto 94% melhoraram a gestão das aulas.
In addition, 93% of English
teachers have improved their English subject knowledge. Sutthiwat
Sutthiprapa, one of the Thai master trainers and a full-time English
teacher at Khor Wittayakom in Nakhon Phanom Province, said all the
knowledge he gained from the RETC project can be applied in his
English classes. Sutthiwat Sutthiprapa, um dos mestres formadores tailandeses e professor de inglês em tempo integral em Khor Wittayakom, na província de Nakhon Phanom, disse que todo o conhecimento que adquiriu com o projeto RETC pode ser aplicado em suas aulas de inglês.
“It significantly changes the atmosphere of the
classroom and the students’ attitude towards English. “Isso muda significativamente a atmosfera da sala de aula e a atitude dos alunos em relação ao inglês.
"Students are
eager to attend the class and make every effort to participate in class
activities. "Os alunos estão ansiosos para assistir às aulas e fazem todos os esforços para participar nas atividades das aulas.
I believe that if every English teacher in Thailand exploits the
RETC concept, Thai students’ English ability will increase
considerably," he said. Acredito que se todos os professores de inglês na Tailândia explorarem o conceito RETC, a capacidade de inglês dos estudantes tailandeses aumentará consideravelmente", disse ele.
(Available in: https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/1548446/british-councilhelps-train-thai-english-language-teachers.Accessed on May 18th, 2019. Adapted.)
35 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What can be stated about the passage above?
A) The British Council and the Thai Ministry have joined hands to
introduce a new English learning method for Thai teachers who
teaches primary and secondary students in the UK.
B) For being a new learning method, The RETC Boot camp has still
not been able to demonstrate satisfactory results on its
effectiveness.
C) After being trained by the RETC boot camp, Thai Teachers have
turned into thai masters trainers (TMTs), and became apt to
teach students in a communicative approach.
D) Even though, on average, the Thai student learns English for at
least 12 years, most still can not communicate effectively in
English.
E) According to the communicative approach, by focusing on
language accuracy and memorisation, Thai students have been
able to communicate effectively in English.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
36 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) The word “however” highlighted in paragraph 4 is closest in
meaning to
A) thereafter.
B) hence.
C) nevertheless.
D) therefore.
E) thus.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
37 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) The word “additionally” highlighted in paragraph 5 is closest in
meaning to
A) however.
B) moreover.
C) then.
D) meanwhile.
E) similarly.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
38 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
Which statement is true about the Thai English teachers who
have completed the project?
A) They were able to communicate in English with their students.
B) They were more confident to manage their classes, although
there was no improvement in knowledge.
C) They were able to contribute significantly to the progress of
students’ interest in the classroom.
D) They were eager to attend the classes and contribute to students’
knowledge improvement.
E) They were not able to improve their lesson planning, although
they increased their students’ interest.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO 4: Question 39 is based on the following passage.
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 4:
Teaching Medical English
Medical English continues to be a growing field as more
pharmacists, doctors and nurses leave their home countries and
work in English-speaking countries or countries with large
international communities such as the UAE. O Inglês Médico continua a ser um campo em crescimento à medida que mais farmacêuticos, médicos e enfermeiros deixam os seus países de origem e trabalham em países de língua inglesa ou países com grandes comunidades internacionais, como os Emirados Árabes Unidos.
Teaching medical English can be tough if you don’t have a
background in life sciences like biology, anatomy and physiology. Ensinar inglês médico pode ser difícil se você não tiver formação em ciências biológicas, como biologia, anatomia e fisiologia.
Fortunately, resources like Hospital English and Multimedical
English have a wealth of supplementary material that can help you
teach medical English in the classroom. Felizmente, recursos como Inglês Hospitalar e Inglês Multimédico possuem uma grande variedade de materiais complementares que podem ajudá-lo a ensinar inglês médico em sala de aula.
In addition, medical English lessons should involve
vocabulary-building exercises to help students remember difficult
medical terms. Além disso, as aulas de inglês médico devem envolver exercícios de construção de vocabulário para ajudar os alunos a lembrar termos médicos difíceis.
They should also focus on building speaking and
listening skills, as well as improving reading skills so that students
can understand those challenging medical journals. Elas também devem se concentrar no desenvolvimento de habilidades de fala e audição, bem como na melhoria das habilidades de leitura para que os alunos possam compreender as revistas médicas desafiadoras.
The good news is that most medical English students are
already studying at the advanced level, so creating lessons to
improve their proficiency levels shouldn’t be too difficult. A boa notícia é que a maioria dos estudantes de inglês médico já está estudando no nível avançado, portanto, criar aulas para melhorar seus níveis de proficiência não deve ser muito difícil.
Unlike in
beginner classes, you can typically rely heavily on authentic English
content like medical videos, talks and publications to create
meaningful and challenging lessons. Ao contrário das aulas para iniciantes, normalmente você pode confiar fortemente em conteúdo autêntico em inglês, como vídeos médicos, palestras e publicações, para criar aulas significativas e desafiadoras.
(Available in: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator-english/teaching-english-forspecific-purposes. Accessed on May 21st, 2019. Adapted.)
39 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What can be inferred about the Medical English?
A) It could not be learned as an English for specific purposes (ESP)
subject since it is taught for advanced level students.
B) It is one of the categories of English for specific purposes (ESP)
which focuses on speaking and listening skills.
C) It can only be taught by pharmacists, doctors and nurses.
D) It is intended for americans and foreigners who want to become
specialists in life sciences.
E) It is a specific category of English, therefore, it is usually directed
to pharmacists, doctors and nurses.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO 5: Questions 40-43 are based on the following passage.
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 5:
The “Social Practice” of Teaching
A “Prática Social” do Ensino
Examining teaching from the context of a ‘social practice’
may provide us with fresh insights that will challenge the accepted
ways of seeing the world of teaching with important implications for
faculty development. Examinar o ensino a partir do contexto de uma “prática social” pode fornecer-nos novas ideias que desafiarão as formas aceites de ver o mundo do ensino, com implicações importantes para o desenvolvimento do corpo docente.
First, we will look at what we mean by a social
practice and then see how teaching falls into that category. Primeiro, veremos o que entendemos por prática social e depois veremos como o ensino se enquadra nessa categoria.
A social
practice needs to be understood in terms of purpose, context, and a
complex array of norms. Uma prática social precisa ser compreendida em termos de propósito, contexto e um conjunto complexo de normas.
A social practice is, first, a form of activity
that has grown out of common needs in a community to accomplish
certain purposes. Uma prática social é, em primeiro lugar, uma forma de atividade que surgiu das necessidades comuns de uma comunidade para atingir determinados propósitos.
A system of etiquette and a means for communication
serve to make human society more civil. Um sistema de etiqueta e um meio de comunicação servem para tornar a sociedade humana mais civilizada.
Second, a social practice
involves shared and mutually understood ways of behaving or
acting. Em segundo lugar, uma prática social envolve formas de comportamento ou de ação partilhadas e mutuamente compreendidas.
Third, the patterns of action are guided by a complex array
or norms that we might call rules, standards, principles, precepts,
and unwritten policies. Terceiro, os padrões de ação são guiados por um conjunto complexo de normas que poderíamos chamar de regras, padrões, princípios, preceitos e políticas não escritas.
These norms have authority (people comply
willingly), and they are created and recreated in and through the
interactions of those involved in the practice (Case, 1990; Selman,
1989; MacIntyre, 1984; Taylor, 1983). Estas normas têm autoridade (as pessoas cumprem voluntariamente) e são criadas e recriadas nas e através das interações dos envolvidos na prática (Case, 1990; Selman, 1989; MacIntyre, 1984; Taylor, 1983).
The norms provide reasons
for the actions or behaviors of individuals. As normas fornecem razões para as ações ou comportamentos dos indivíduos.
As in etiquette using
particular forms of address, handshaking, and removing or wearing
particular headwear are the behaviors that constitute the practice. Tal como na etiqueta, o uso de formas específicas de tratamento, o aperto de mão e a remoção ou uso de determinados chapéus são os comportamentos que constituem a prática.
The behaviors have meaning only in terms of the context of
that particular community and purpose and can only be explained in
relation to the guiding norms. Os comportamentos têm significado apenas em termos do contexto daquela comunidade e propósito específicos e só podem ser explicados em relação às normas orientadoras.
The feature of a social practice (they
develop out of the common needs of the community) is clearly
consistent with what has already been said about the purposive
nature of teaching. A característica de uma prática social (elas se desenvolvem a partir das necessidades comuns da comunidade) é claramente consistente com o que já foi dito sobre a natureza intencional do ensino.
Teaching is an activity that has grown out of the
need in a community to pass on its knowledge, mores, and
behaviors and in medical schools these are formulated as mission
statements which include educational aims. Ensinar é uma atividade que surgiu da necessidade de uma comunidade transmitir seus conhecimentos, costumes e comportamentos e nas escolas médicas estes são formulados como declarações de missão que incluem objetivos educacionais.
To view teaching as a
social practice is to acknowledge, first and foremost, the
expectations society has for teaching, or in other words, the
particular purposes of teaching. Considerar o ensino como uma prática social é reconhecer, antes de mais nada, as expectativas que a sociedade tem em relação ao ensino, ou, por outras palavras, os propósitos específicos do ensino.
(Available in: D’Eon, M., Overgaard, V., & Harding, S. R. (2000). Advances in
Health Sciences Education, 5(2), 151–162. Accessed on May 18st, 2019.
Adapted.)
40 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What is a social practice according to the text?
A) Purposes within a context and a complex set of rules.
B) Views of the teaching world with important implications for the
development of people.
C) Activities that were created in a community with common needs
to achieve specific goals.
D) Rules that provide reasons for the actions or behaviors of
individuals.
E) Variety of authoritative standards created and recreated without
interactions of other people.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
41 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR).
According to the author of the text, a system of etiquette and a
means of communication serve to:
A) Make human society more organized.
B) Make people more methodical.
C) Make human society more competitive.
D) Make people more obedient.
E) Make human society more civil.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
42 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
In the text excerpt “Teaching is an activity that has grown out of
the need in a community to pass on its knowledge, mores, and
behaviors and in medical schools these are formulated as
mission statements which include educational aims.” Which
words could replace "mores" and "aims" respectively?
A) Manners and objectives.
B) Bad manners and avoidance.
C) Codes and neglect.
D) Behavior and grudge.
E) Form and means.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
43 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
From the second paragraph, it is possible to state that
A) standards of action are guided by uniform norms that we could
call rules.
B) norms justify the actions or behaviors of individuals.
C) norms have authority but people don’t voluntarily obey.
D) social practice involves individual and mutually
incomprehensible ways of behaving.
E) handshaking, and removing or wearing particular headwear are
expendable label behaviors.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
❑ TEXTO 6: Questions 44-46 are based on the following passage:
❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 6:
Technology in schools: Future changes in classrooms
Tecnologia nas escolas: mudanças futuras nas salas de aula
Technology has the power to transform how people learn -
but walk into some classrooms and you could be forgiven for thinking
you were entering a time warp. A tecnologia tem o poder de transformar a forma como as pessoas aprendem - mas se entrar em algumas salas de aula poderá ser perdoado por pensar que está a entrar num túnel do tempo.
There will probably be a whiteboard
instead of the traditional blackboard, and the children may be using
laptops or tablets, but plenty of textbooks, pens and photocopied
sheets are still likely. Provavelmente haverá um quadro branco em vez do quadro negro tradicional, e as crianças poderão usar laptops ou tablets, mas ainda é provável que haja muitos livros didáticos, canetas e folhas fotocopiadas.
The curriculum and theory have changed little since
Victorian times, according to the educationalist and author Marc
Prensky. O currículo e a teoria mudaram pouco desde os tempos vitorianos, segundo o educador e autor Marc Prensky.
"The world needs a new curriculum," he said at the recent
Bett show, a conference dedicated to technology in education. “O mundo precisa de um novo currículo”, disse ele no recente Bett Show, uma conferência dedicada à tecnologia na educação.
Most
of the education products on the market are just aids to teach the
existing curriculum, he says, based on the false assumption "we
need to teach better what we teach today". A maior parte dos produtos educativos no mercado são apenas ajudas para ensinar o currículo existente, diz ele, com base no falso pressuposto “precisamos de ensinar melhor o que ensinamos hoje”.
He feels a whole new
core of subjects is needed, focusing on the skills that will equip
today's learners for tomorrow's world of work. Ele sente que é necessário um núcleo totalmente novo de disciplinas, centrado nas competências que equiparão os alunos de hoje para o mundo do trabalho de amanhã.
These include
problem-solving, creative thinking and collaboration. Isso inclui resolução de problemas, pensamento criativo e colaboração.
'Flipped' classrooms Salas de aula “invertidas”
One of the biggest problems with radically changing
centuries-old pedagogical methods is that no generation of parents
wants their children to be the guinea pigs. Um dos maiores problemas com a mudança radical de métodos pedagógicos centenários é que nenhuma geração de pais quer que os seus filhos sejam cobaias.
Mr Prensky he thinks we
have little choice, however: "We are living in an age of accelerating
change. Contudo, Prensky considera que temos pouca escolha: "Vivemos numa era de mudanças aceleradas.
We have to experiment and figure out what works." Temos de experimentar e descobrir o que funciona.
"We are at the ground floor of a new world full of
imagination, creativity, innovation and digital wisdom. "Estamos no piso térreo de um novo mundo cheio de imaginação, criatividade, inovação e sabedoria digital.
We are going
to have to create the education of the future because it doesn't exist
anywhere today." Teremos que criar a educação do futuro porque ela não existe em lugar nenhum hoje."
He might be wrong there. Change is already afoot
to disrupt the traditional classroom. Ele pode estar errado aí. A mudança já está em andamento para perturbar a sala de aula tradicional.
The "flipped" classroom - the
idea of inverting traditional teaching methods by delivering
instructions online outside of the classroom and using the time in
school as the place to do homework - has gained in popularity in US
schools. "A sala de aula “invertida” – a ideia de inverter os métodos tradicionais de ensino, fornecendo instruções online fora da sala de aula e usando o tempo na escola como o local para fazer os trabalhos de casa – ganhou popularidade nas escolas dos EUA.
The teacher's role becomes one of a guide, while students
watch lectures at home at their own pace, communicating with
classmates and teachers online. O papel do professor passa a ser o de guia, enquanto os alunos assistem às aulas em casa no seu próprio ritmo, comunicando-se com colegas e professores online.
(Available in:https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-30814302. Accessed on May
18st, 2019. Adapted. Author: Jane Wakefield.)
44 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
According to the educationalist and author Marc Prensky:
A) We need to better teach what was taught in previous years.
B) The children are having bad school performance because the
world has an old way of teaching.
C) Most of the education products on the market are just aids to
teach the existing curriculum.
D) We are in an age of accelerated change. We do not have time to
experiment and figure out what works because there is an
accelerate change.
E) We will have to create today's education because there is no
expectation for the future.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
45 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What is the main idea of the ‘Flipped’ classroom?
A) Provide online instruction to students outside the classroom and
use time at school as the place to do homework.
B) Attend lectures at home at your own pace and communicate with
the teacher only over the internet without having to go to school.
C) Teach distance learning to save students and teachers time to
go to school.
D) Carry out activities at home from the computer because the
teacher's help is not necessary for students to learn.
E) Give online classes to a larger number of students, who are the
guinea pigs of this new method of teaching.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
46 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) In the last paragraph, the word “afoot” in the passage
- "Change
is already afoot to disrupt the traditional classroom."
has the
same meaning as:
A) done
B) all over
C) halted
D) arrested
E) in progress
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
47 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
What is the main idea of the comic strip?
A) Criticize the inefficiency of the outdated education system.
B) Show how children are impatient to acquire knowledge because
they quickly get information through the internet.
C) Question the length of time a student needs to have an
education.
D) Emphasize the importance of technology in kindergarten as a
way to aid learning.
E) Show how today's kids are smarter and do not need much time
to be educated and so they just need to use the internet.
👍 Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - LEITURA DE IMAGEM, LEITURA DE TEXTO & MENSAGEM IMPLÍCITA:
What is the main idea of the comic strip?
Qual é a ideia principal da história em quadrinhos?
(A) Criticize the inefficiency of the outdated education system.
Criticar a ineficiência do sistema educacional ultrapassado.
(B) Show how children are impatient to acquire knowledge because they quickly get information through the internet.
Mostrar como as crianças são impacientes para adquirir conhecimento porque elas rapidamente obtêm informações pela internet.
(C) Question the length of time a student needs to have an education.
Questionar o tempo que um aluno precisa para ter educação.
(D) Emphasize the importance of technology in kindergarten as a way to aid learning.
Enfatizar a importância da tecnologia no jardim de infância como uma forma de auxiliar o aprendizado.
(E) Show how today's kids are smarter and do not need much time to be educated and so they just need to use the internet.
Mostrar como as crianças de hoje são mais inteligentes e não precisam de muito tempo para serem educadas e, portanto, precisam apenas usar a internet.
>> MENSAGEM IMPLÍCITA:
- O gabarito oficial é a opção B.
- Na charge, o aluno questiona o longo tempo que se precisa para obter educação. Entretanto, a mensagem implícita aqui é o quão as crianças são impacientes para adquirir conhecimento, porque elas já têm o hábito de obterem informações pela internet de forma rápida.
>> TRADUÇÃO:
- You're telling me it will 13 years to install my education! What kind of outdated software is this school using?
- Você está me dizendo que vai levar 13 anos para instalar minha educação! Que tipo de software desatualizado essa escola está usando?
❑ TEXTO 8: Questions 48-50 are based on the following passage:
The real reason Apple and Google want you to use your phone less
NIR EYAL MAY 19, 2019
If tech is “hijacking your brain” with their “irresistible” products, as some tech critics claim, why are these companies now acting against their own
interests?
This week Apple follows Google by announcing features to help people cut back on their tech use. Why would the companies that make
your phone want you to use it less? If tech is “hijacking your brain” with their “irresistible” products, as some tech critics claim, why are these
companies now acting against their own interests? Perhaps the tech giants have had a change of heart or have been persuaded by public pressure
to change their ways? Hardly. I studied the sophisticated psychology these companies deploy to keep people hooked and wrote a book about how
they do it. At first glance, it appears their business model would benefit from addiction. The more you use your phone, the more money they
make through the apps you buy and the ads you view.
However, the addiction story falls short when considering the long-term interests of these companies. Apple and Google are making it
easier for consumers to cut back on phone use because it is in their interest to do so. In this case, what’s good for the user is also good for these
companies’ bottom lines. Apple and Google don’t want you to get addicted. Addiction is a compulsive harmful behavior. Rather, they’d prefer you
form healthy habits with your digital devices.
Consider why you wear a seatbelt. In 1968, the Federal Government mandated that seat belts come equipped in all cars. However,
nineteen years before any such regulation, American car makers started offering seat belts as a feature. The laws came well after car makers
started offering seatbelts because that’s what consumers wanted. Car makers who sold safer cars sold more.
Similarly, thousands of third-party apps have given smartphone owners ways to moderate tech use with tools to help them monitor how
much time they spend online, turn off access to certain sites, and reduce digital distraction — tools very similar to what Apple and Google recently
announced. I started writing about this burgeoning trend, in what I called “attention retention” devices, back in early 2015 and today there are more
digital wellness products than ever.
As they often do with successful apps built on their platforms, Apple and Google took note of what consumers wanted and decided to
incorporate these features as standard — just as car makers did with seat belts in the 1950s. They also went beyond what app makers can do by
adding features only the operating system makers can offer, like batch notifications to reduce the frequency of intraday interruptions and the ability
to put the phone in “shush” mode by flipping it over.
The history of innovation is littered with examples of new technologies causing unintended harm. As cultural theorist Paul Virilio said,
“When you invent the ship, you also invent the shipwreck.” Although the devices these modern shipbuilders make certainly have potential
negative consequences, like overuse, it’s also in their interests to make their products less harmful.
With few exceptions, when a product harms people, consumers tend to use it less often or find better alternatives. The feature fight
between these two tech rivals benefits everyone. The move to help users create healthy habits with their devices is an example of competition
making products better.
Although they are certainly designed to be persuasive and user-friendly, we aren’t slaves to our technologies and it behooves us to stop
thinking we’re powerless. The tech companies are taking steps to help users rein in device overuse. Now it’s our turn to put these features to use,
buckle down, and buckle up
(Available in: https://www.theladders.com/career-advice/the-reason-apple-and-google-want-you-to-use-your-phone-less. Accessed on May 19th, 2019. Adapted.)
48 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
According to the passage, what can be stated about Apple and
Google?
A) They have a stimulus for fixing detrimental aspects of their
technologies just like car makers have a stimulus for making cars
safer.
B) They know that helping people use their phone less is bad for
business, although they want make people mentally healthier.
C) They want to make their customers more addicted to their
phones, yet they pretend to do otherwise.
D) They created tools so their customers could use their phones
less, even if it could hurt their business.
E) They created tools so their customers could use their phones
more, although apparently they were doing the opposite.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
49 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR) What is the author’s purpose in mentioning
- “At first glance, it
appears their business model would benefit from addiction” in
paragraph 1?
A) He wants to introduce an idea that is known by common sense
so he can refute it in the next paragraph.
B) He wants to introduce an unusual idea so that he can explain it
better in the next paragraph.
C) He wants to question the validity of an idea so that he may
confuse the reader in the next paragraph.
D) He wants to explain his main point of view so that he can
introduce a new idea in the next paragraph.
E) He wants to present an easy idea to be understood so he can
confirm it in the next paragraph.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
50 – (IDECAN/2019-IF/PB-PROFESSOR)
The author mentions Paul Virilio's statement: “When you invent
the ship, you also invent the shipwreck” in paragraph 6 for which
of the following reasons?
A) He understands that a company should create setbacks for its
technological invention.
B) He thinks that a company should avoid creating setbacks for its
technological invention.
C) He believes that is important for a company to be responsible for
the setbacks of a technological invention.
D) He thinks that is important for a company to create technologies
that come with setbacks.
E) He believes that is not important for a company to be responsible
for the creation of technologies that comes with setbacks.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
