UERJ–2023–Exame Único–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

• UERJ (UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO)-Vestibular Estadual-2023-Exame Único. From https://www.vestibular.uerj.br.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 07 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each MCQ.

• Texto – | Essential reading on, and beyond,
Indigenous Peoples Day | sierraclub.org |

❑ TEXTO:

Essential reading on, and beyond,

Indigenous Peoples Day

Formerly known as Columbus Day, today is Indigenous Peoples Day in more than 80 (and counting) cities, counties and states. While official recognition of this day began in the late ‘70s, with the UN discussing the replacement of Columbus Day, resistance and challenge to said “holiday” existed in the hearts and minds of indigenous and native peoples long before cities or states began to observe Indigenous Peoples Day.

As land defenders − people who are working for indigenous territories to be protected from contamination and exploitation − we see Indigenous Peoples Day as progress; it signals a crucial shift in our culture to recognize the dark past of colonization. No longer are our communities, towns, cities and states remaining silent and complacent in celebrating the cultural genocide that ensued after Christopher Columbus landed on Turtle Island (a.k.a. North America). Today also means that the erasure of our narrative as indigenous peoples is ending and our truths are rising to the surface. These truths include: Christopher Columbus was not a hero; he was a murderer. The land we all exist on is stolen. The history we’ve been taught is not accurate or complete. And perhaps most important among those truths, indigenous lands are still being colonized, and our people are still suffering the trauma and impacts of colonization. 

Across the country, we continue to see the violation of our rights and treaties as extractive projects are proposed and constructed. Across the nation, we continue to grieve our missing and murdered indigenous women, victims of violence brought to their communities by extractive oil and mining projects. We continue to bear the brunt of climate change as our food sovereignty is threatened by dying ecosystems and as our animal relatives are becoming extinct due to land loss, warmer seasons and/or contamination. And now, we are fighting for the very right to resist as anti-protest laws emerge across the country, which aim to criminalize our people for protecting what is most sacred to us.

Yet, despite these challenges, our people and communities are demonstrating incredible bravery and innovation to bring forth healing and justice. Through the tireless work of indigenous organizers, activists, knowledge keepers and artists, we are learning about what is working and what our movements need more of to dismantle systems like white supremacy and systemic racism that colonization has imposed on our communities.

So while we could dive into the stories of how our people are still being attacked by the many forms of colonization, we find it important on this day, a day that symbolizes progress and evolution, to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements. All too often, our people are framed as victims, and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical, for our self-actualization as indigenous peoples, to have our strengths, our resilience and our creativity seen and honored.

• JADE BEGAY AND DALLAS GOLDTOOTH sierraclub.org, 08/10/2018

12 – (UERJ-2023-Vestibular-Exame Único) In this text, the authors advocate the following cause:

(A) the transformation of Columbus Day into Indigenous Peoples Day

(B) the understanding that indigenous people are victims of white supremacy

(C) the recognition of indigenous peoples’ strengths, resilience and creativity

(D) the acceptance that indigenous people’s history was not accurate or complete

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO :

In this text, the authors advocate the following cause:

Neste texto, os autores defendem a seguinte causa:

(A) the transformation of Columbus Day into Indigenous Peoples Day

a transformação do Dia de Colombo no Dia dos Povos Indígenas

(B) the understanding that indigenous people are victims of white supremacy

a compreensão de que os povos indígenas são vítimas da supremacia branca

(C) the recognition of indigenous peoples’ strengths, resilience and creativity

o reconhecimento dos pontos fortes, da resiliência e da criatividade dos povos indígenas

(D) the acceptance that indigenous people’s history was not accurate or complete

a aceitação de que a história dos povos indígenas não era precisa ou completa

>> JUSTIFICATIVA: No último parágrafo, o texto apresenta um resumo das reivindicações dos povos indígenas discutidas ao longo do texto, que seriam: ter o reconhecimento de suas forças, de sua resiliência e de sua criatividade, conforme o trecho:

• "[...] All too often, our people are framed as victims, and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical, for our self-actualization as indigenous peoples, to have our strengths, our resilience and our creativity seen and honored."
• Com demasiada frequência, o nosso povo é retratado como vítima e, embora haja verdade nestas narrativas, é também fundamental, para a nossa auto-realização enquanto povos indígenas, que os nossos pontos fortes, a nossa resiliência e a nossa criatividade sejam vistos e honrados.

>> "STRENGTHS" - Pontos fortes.

https://dictionary.cambridge.org 

13 – (UERJ-2023-Vestibular-Exame Único) In relation to the process of colonization described in the second paragraph, the text implies the following idea:

(A) it got worse

(B) it has finished

(C) it still has its impacts

(D) it stopped for a while

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO, RELAÇÃO  SEMÂNTICA ENTRE PARTES DO TEXTO :

In relation to the process of colonization described in the second paragraph, the text implies the following idea:

Em relação ao processo de colonização descrito no 2º parágrafo, o texto sugere a seguinte ideia:

(A) it got worse

agravou-se

(B) it has finished

terminou

(C) it still has its impacts

tem ainda os seus impactos

(D) it stopped for a while

parou durante um tempo

>> JUSTIFICATIVA: As terras indígenas continuam sendo colonizadas e os povos ainda sofrem os traumas do processo de colonização, conforme trecho (final do 2º parágrafo):

• "[...] As land defenders − people who are working for indigenous territories to be protected from contamination and exploitation − we see Indigenous Peoples Day as progress; it signals a crucial shift in our culture to recognize the dark past of colonization. No longer are our communities, towns, cities and states remaining silent and complacent in celebrating the cultural genocide that ensued after Christopher Columbus landed on Turtle Island (a.k.a. North America). Today also means that the erasure of our narrative as indigenous peoples is ending and our truths are rising to the surface. These truths include: Christopher Columbus was not a hero; he was a murderer. The land we all exist on is stolen. The history we’ve been taught is not accurate or complete. And perhaps most important among those truths, indigenous lands are still being colonized, and our people are still suffering the trauma and impacts of colonization. "
• Como defensores da terra — pessoas que trabalham para proteger os territórios indígenas da contaminação e da exploração — vemos o Dia dos Povos Indígenas como um progresso; isto sinaliza uma mudança crucial na nossa cultura para reconhecer o passado sombrio da colonização. As nossas comunidades, cidades, vilas e estados não permanecerão mais em silêncio e complacentes na celebração do genocídio cultural que ocorreu depois de Cristóvão Colombo ter desembarcado na Ilha da Tartaruga (também conhecida como América do Norte). Hoje também significa que o apagamento da nossa narrativa enquanto povos indígenas está a terminar e as nossas verdades estão a vir ao de cima. Estas verdades incluem: Cristóvão Colombo não foi um herói; era um assassino. A terra em que todos existimos foi roubada. A história que nos foi ensinada não é precisa nem completa. E talvez a mais importante entre estas verdades é que as terras indígenas ainda estão sendo colonizadas, e o nosso povo ainda sofre os traumas e os impactos da colonização. 

14 – (UERJ-2023-Vestibular-Exame Único)

• what is most sacred to us. (l. 22-23)

Regarding the indigenous peoples, the fragment above refers to the following elements:

(A) their people, climate and nature

(B) their progress, culture and narratives

(C) the laws that guarantee their rights to protest

(D) the permits to extract their oil and develop mining projects

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - INFERÊNCIA & ANÁFORA: 

• what is most sacred to us.
• o que é mais sagrado para nós.

Regarding the indigenous peoples, the fragment above refers to the following elements:

Em relação aos povos indígenas, o fragmento acima faz referência aos seguintes elementos:

(A) their people, climate and nature

o seu povo, clima e natureza

(B) their progress, culture and narratives

 o seu progresso, cultura e narrativas

(C) the laws that guarantee their rights to protest

as leis que garantem os seus direitos de protesto

(D) the permits to extract their oil and develop mining projects

as licenças para extrair o seu petróleo e desenvolver projetos de mineração

>> JUSTIFICATIVA:  Infere-se que as referências ao exposto no fragmento “what is most sacred to us” refere-se ao  seu povo, clima e natureza, conforme trecho:

• "[...] Across the nation, we continue to grieve our missing and murdered indigenous women, victims of violence brought to their communities by extractive oil and mining projects. We continue to bear the brunt of climate change as our food sovereignty is threatened by dying ecosystems and as our animal relatives are becoming extinct due to land loss, warmer seasons and/or contamination."
• Por todo o país, continuamos a lamentar o desaparecimento e o assassinato das nossas mulheres indígenas, vítimas da violência imposta às suas comunidades pelos projetos de extração de petróleo e de mineração. Continuamos a sofrer o impacto das alterações climáticas, uma vez que a nossa soberania alimentar está ameaçada pela morte dos ecossistemas e os nossos parentes animais estão a extinguir-se devido à perda de terras, às estações mais quentes e/ou à contaminação.

15 – (UERJ-2023-Vestibular-Exame Único)

• our people are still being attacked by the many forms of colonization, (l. 29-30)

The sentence above exhibits the passive voice.

Another occurrence of the passive voice is underlined below:

(A) The history we’ve been taught (l. 13)

(B) our animal relatives are becoming extinct (l. 20)

(C) And now, we are fighting for the very right to resist (l. 21)

(D) that colonization has imposed on our communities. (l. 28)

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - VOZ PASSIVA "TO BE(flexionado)+Participle Past" :

• our people are still being attacked by the many forms of colonization, (l. 29-30)
• o nosso povo ainda está sendo atacado pelas muitas formas de colonização,

The sentence above exhibits the passive voice.

A frase acima exibe a voz passiva.

Another occurrence of the passive voice is underlined below:

(A) The history we’ve been taught (verbo "BE" no Presente Perfect + Particípio Passado "taugh" )

(B) our animal relatives are becoming extinct (l. 20)

(C) And now, we are fighting for the very right to resist (l. 21)

(D) that colonization has imposed on our communities. (l. 28)

16 – (UERJ-2023-Vestibular-Exame Único)

• to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements. (l. 31)

The underlined word may be substituted, without significant change in meaning, by the one below: (A) confess

(B) admit

(C) reject

(D) allow

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - SINONÍMIA :

• to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements.
• reconhecer o que está funcionando nas nossas comunidades e nos nossos movimentos.

The underlined word may be substituted, without significant change in meaning, by the one below: (A) confess confessar

(B) admit admitir

(C) reject rejeitar

(D) allow permitir

>> "TO ACKNOWLEDGE" - "to accept" (aceitar), "to admit" (admitir), or "to recognize" (reconhecer).

17 – (UERJ-2023-Vestibular-Exame Único)

• and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical, (l. 32)

The linker and while in the fragment above expresses contrast.

A similar meaning is conveyed in:

(A) As land defenders (l. 6)

(B) No longer are our communities, (l. 8)

(C) And perhaps most important among those thuths, (l. 13-14)

(D) Yet, despite these challenges, (l. 24)

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - MARCADOR DE CONTRASTE ("And while", "Yet, despite") & SINONÍMIA :

• and while there’s truth in those narratives, it’s also critical,
• e embora haja verdade nestas narrativas, é também fundamental,

The linker and while in the fragment above expresses contrast.

O linker and while no fragmento acima expressa contraste.

A similar meaning is conveyed in:

(A) As land defenders (l. 6)

Como defensores da terra

(B) No longer are our communities, (l. 8)

Não mais são nossas comunidades,

(C) And perhaps most important among those thuths, (l. 13-14)

E talvez a mais importante entre estas verdades,

(D) Yet, despite these challenges, (CONTRASTE)

No entanto, apesar destes desafios,

18 – (UERJ-2023-Vestibular-Exame Único) In the text, the pronoun we is used to refer exclusively to the following group:

(A) white supremacists

(B) land defenders

(C) the government

(D) all Americans

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - REFERENCIAÇÃO, ANÁFORA :

• "[...] As land defenders − people who are working for indigenous territories to be protected from contamination and exploitation − we see Indigenous Peoples Day as progress; it signals a crucial shift in our culture to recognize the dark past of colonization."
• Como os defensores da terra — pessoas que trabalham para proteger os territórios indígenas da contaminação e da exploração — vemos o Dia dos Povos Indígenas como um progresso; isto sinaliza uma mudança crucial na nossa cultura para reconhecer o passado sombrio da colonização.

In the text, the pronoun WE is used to refer exclusively to the following group:

No texto, o pronome WE é utilizado para se referir exclusivamente ao seguinte grupo:

(A) white supremacists

supremacistas brancos

(B) land defenders

os defensores da terra

(C) the government

o governo

(D) all Americans

todos os americanos