UnB–2004–CESPE–VESTIBULAR–2º SEMESTRE–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-VESTIBULAR-2004-2º SEMESTRE-26/06/2004.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 30 TFQs (True False Questions).
• Texto (1) – | europa.eu |
• Texto (2) – | science.nasa.gov |
• Texto (3) – | urbanhabitat.org |

❑ TEXTO 1:

TEXTO 1: items 1 through 7.

(...)

Patients will be implanted with sensors to detect disease, toilets will analyse urine samples and diabetics will never have to worry about their condition again — in the next century. Scientists believe that health care is set to undergo more sweeping changes in the next two decades than have occurred in the last 2,000 years. In future, pig farms could be sited right next to hospitals, so that organs can be freshly harvested and transplanted more quickly. Some of the advances that scientists predict will be made include:

• In-patients will be implanted with sensors when they are admitted to hospital that will automatically do more than 40 laboratory tests.

• Electronic noses will detect and differentiate the odours of growing bacteria and instantly identify the bacteria causing ear, nose and throat infections.

• Surgery will become less common as new types of treatment, particularly vaccines and gene therapy, take over from the scalpel .

• A biochip photo sensor will be implanted in the eye as an artificial retina for patients who are going blind.

*scalpel: a small sharp light knife used by doctors performing operations.

Internet: <http://news.bbc.co.uk> (with adaptations).

(...)

According to the text above, it can be inferred that

1 in the future, there might be an increase in the old-age population.

2 scientists believe that in twenty year’s time medicine advances will have surpassed those of the last two millennia.

3 hospitals will serve as pig farms.

4 pig organs will be commonly transplanted into humans.

5 diagnosing diseases will be made easier through the use of suitable sensors.

6 vaccines and gene therapy will always replace surgery.

7 people will no longer go blind.

👉 Questão-Item  1-Correta :

in the future, there might be an increase in the old-age population.

(no futuro, pode haver um aumento da população idosa.)

👉 Questão-Item  2-Correta :

scientists believe that in twenty year’s time medicine advances will have surpassed those of the last two millennia.

(os cientistas acreditam que em vinte anos os avanços da medicina terão ultrapassado os dos últimos dois milênios.)

👉 Questão-Item  3-Errada :

hospitals will serve as pig farms.

(hospitais servirão como fazendas de porcos.)

➧A ideia do Item(3) não está alinhada com a ideia textual: 

"[...] In future, pig farms could be sited right next to hospitals,"

➧ O texto afirma que no futuro, as fazendas de suínos podem estar localizadas bem ao lado dos hospitais e NÃO que estes servirão como fazendas de porcos.

👉 Questão-Item  4-Correta :

pig organs will be commonly transplanted into humans.

(órgãos de suínos serão comumente transplantados para humanos.)

➧A ideia do Item(4) está alinhada com a ideia textual:

"[...] In future, pig farms could be sited right next to hospitals, so that organs can be freshly harvested and transplanted more quickly."

(No futuro, as fazendas de suínos podem ser localizadas bem ao lado dos hospitais, para que os órgãos possam ser colhidos e transplantados mais rapidamente.)

👉 Questão-Item  5-Correta :

diagnosing diseases will be made easier through the use of suitable sensors.

(o diagnóstico de doenças será facilitado pelo uso de sensores adequados.)

👉 Questão-Item  6-Errada :

vaccines and gene therapy will always replace surgery.

(vacinas e terapia genética sempre substituirão a cirurgia.)

👉 Questão-Item  7-Errada :

people will no longer go blind.

(as pessoas não ficarão mais cegas.)

CARTOON: items 8 through 11.

(...)

The cartoon above criticizes the way men have been using the environment.

Judge the items below from today’s perspective.

8 The sun has been burning the world’s natural forests.

9 Environmental preservation is an outdated major concern.

10 Man is not the only one responsible for environmental decay.

11 Environment mishandling has never been noticed.

(...)

➧Tradução Livre do cartoon:

"It is the invention of fire which has brought about  environmental decay."

(É a invenção do fogo que tem causada a decadência ambiental.)

👉 Questão-Item  8-Errada :

The sun has been burning the world’s natural forests.

(O sol está queimando as florestas naturais do mundo.)

➧A ideia contextual do cartoon é: a invenção do fogo pelo homem tem causada a decadência ambiental e não o Sol a causa da queima das florestas.

👉 Questão-Item  9-Errada :

Environmental preservation is an outdated major concern.

(A preservação do meio ambiente é uma grande preocupação ultrapassada/fora de moda.)

➧ Ao contrário, a preservação ambiental é um tema atual.

👉 Questão-Item  10-Correta :

Man is not the only one responsible for environmental decay.

(O homem não é o único responsável pela degradação ambiental.)

👉 Questão-Item  11-Errada :

Environment mishandling has never been noticed.

TEXTO 1: items 12 through 16.

(...)

1

Yokohama, Japan – While some of the newest humanoid robots may be cute and draw attention, Japan’s robot industry has a serious side that was on display at Robodex 2003 there.

2

A number of companies and universities have been working on robot technology thatis designed to either save lives or make life easier.

3

There is a robot designed to dig the ground and explode mines. It can do it with no electricity, so it can be taken to very remote places, such as the inside of Afghanistan.

4

A humanoid robot, the prototype HRP-2, developed as part of a Japanese public-private partnership, demonstrated its ability to sit in a hoeing machine and operate it. The robot is also designed to work in places considered dangerous for humans.

5

Still in the experimental stage, wearable robots are intended to be implemented as items of clothing with built-in robotic technology to enhance the strength of the wearer. For example, the enhanced clothing could enable a single nurse to lift patients out of bed and place them in wheelchairs using a prototype suit, as demonstrated at Robodex.

hoe: (N.) a long-handled tool with a blade used for loosening the soil.

Internet: <http://www.pcworld.com> (with adaptations).

(...)

Based on the text above, it can be inferred that

12 new robot models are designed to perform different tasks. 13 robots will be unable to walk long distances to do their jobs, since they will make no use of electricity.

14 the prototype HRP-2 can be used as a help in digging tasks.

15 explosion of mines in inner Afghanistan could be done by robots.

wearable robots reduce the wearer’s strength.

👉 Questão-Item  12-Correta :

new robot models are designed to perform different tasks.

👉 Questão-Item  13-Errada :

robots will be unable to walk long distances to do their jobs, since they will make no use of electricity.

👉 Questão-Item  14-Correta :

the prototype HRP-2 can be used as a help in digging tasks.

👉 Questão-Item  15-Correta :

explosion of mines in inner Afghanistan could be done by robots.

👉 Questão-Item  16-Errada :

wearable robots reduce the wearer’s strength.

TEXTO 2: items 17 through 24.

(...)

Homeschooling is a global revolution, not merely an American social movement. Like the Industrial Revolution, homeschooling has helped bring about a permanent change in the history of mankind, not just an ideology that gains and wanes in popularity. It is a practical outworking of the computer age. One catalyst for the explosion of home education internationally has been the Internet. Computers have enabled those in isolated parts of the world to learn new languages, study other governments and learn human physiology so that they can heal themselves without a doctor.

2

Homeschooling enlarges the doorway to education. It has broken down the walls of centralized institutional access to the world’s best information. It started as a new concept of education, one that could be custom-tailored to each child and would protect children from increasing cultural dangers. Alarmed by moral decay in their own public school systems, parents in many countries are desperate for hope, more information, and the opportunity to train their own children.

3

During the last decade-and-a-half, homeschooling has been recognized as “legal” in every state in America. Each state varies, however, as to the manner in which it restricts the right of parents to teach their children at home.

*to wane: to decrease

*custom-tailored: made or adapted to specific needs

Internet: <http://homeschoolyellowpages.com> (with adaptations).

(...)

In relation to the text above, it can be concluded that

17 a “catalyst” (l.6) is a person or thing that speeds up a change.

18 the computer age favored homeschooling.

19 not every state in America has recognized homeschooling as “legal”.

20 schools will disappear.

Judge whether the following sentences are grammatically correct.

21 Homeschooling have given poor children access to education.

22 Homeschooling is a new concept, is there?

23 If homeschooling existed, there would have been more literate people.

24 Many children are being taught by their parents.

👉 Questão-Item  17-Correta :

a “catalyst” (l.6) is a person or thing that speeds up a change.

(um “catalisador” é uma pessoa ou coisa que acelera uma mudança.)

👉 Questão-Item  18-Correta :

the computer age favored homeschooling.

(a era do computador favoreceu o ensino doméstico.)

👉 Questão-Item  19-Errada :

not every state in America has recognized homeschooling as “legal”.

(nem todos os estados da América reconheceram o ensino doméstico como “legal”.)

👉 Questão-Item  20-Errada :

schools will disappear.

(as escolas irão desaparecer.)

Judge whether the following sentences are grammatically correct.

👉 Questão-Item  21-Errada :

Homeschooling have given poor children access to education.

(A educação em casa deu às crianças pobres acesso à educação.)

👉 Questão-Item  22-Errada :

Homeschooling is a new concept, is there?

(Ensino doméstico é um conceito novo, certo?)

👉 Questão-Item  23-Errada :

If homeschooling existed, there would have been more literate people.

(Se o ensino doméstico existisse, haveria mais pessoas alfabetizadas.)

👉 Questão-Item  24-Correta :

Many children are being taught by their parents.

(Muitas crianças estão sendo ensinadas por seus pais.)

TEXTO 3: items 25 through 30.

(...)

The World Water Gap

1

The water equation is simple but deadly: some 20 percent more water is needed than is available today to feed the additional 3 billion people who will be alive by 2025, warns the World Commission on Water for the 21 Century. Such st statement marks the first time that a major effort is being made to link global water scarcity with food security — the ability of a country to feed itself. “Even if we do everything we can to make irrigated agriculture more water efficient, humanity will still need at least 17 percent more fresh water to meet all its food needs than is currently available… the world water gap”, said the Chairman of the Water Commission.

2

The Commission warns: “We are facing a world water gap right now, this minute, and the crisis will only get worse. The consequences of failing to bridge the world water gap will be higher food prices and expensive food imports for water scarce countries that are predominantly poor. Already, 800 million people are going hungry because they cannot afford to buy food”.

3

We already face severe water-related problems, such as:

• 1.4 billion people live without clean drinking water;

• 2.3 billion people lack adequate sanitation;

• 7 million die yearly from diseases linked to water;

• half the world’s rivers and lakes are seriously polluted.

• currently, nearly 450 million people in 29 countries face water shortage problems, a figure that is projected to jump to nearly 2.5 billion people by 2050.

4

The Commission adds that “water scarcity, not shortage of land, will be the main constraint to increase agricultural production in developing countries in the coming years”.

5

As you read this text, be aware that since you are part of the problem you must also be part of the solution.

Internet: <http://worldwatercouncil.org> (with adaptations).

Judge the following items related to the text above.

25 The author doesn’t mean to alarm people.

26 Clean drinking water may be considered a privilege in some countries.

27 Diseases linked to water may lead to death.

28 According to the Water Commission, in developing countries the greatest obstacle to increase agricultural production will be shortage of land.

29 Water shortage is so alarming that at least 17% more fresh water than is currently available will be needed in future times.

30 The world water gap is a real fact at this moment.

👉 Questão-Item  25-Errada :

The author doesn’t mean to alarm people.

👉 Questão-Item  26-Correta :

Clean drinking water may be considered a privilege in some countries.

👉 Questão-Item  27-Correta :

Diseases linked to water may lead to death.

👉 Questão-Item  28-Errada :

According to the Water Commission, in developing countries the greatest obstacle to increase agricultural production will be shortage of land.

👉 Questão-Item  29-Correta :

Water shortage is so alarming that at least 17% more fresh water than is currently available will be needed in future times.

👉 Questão-Item  30-Correta :

The world water gap is a real fact at this moment.

(A lacuna hídrica mundial é um fato real neste momento.)

UnB–VESTIBULAR–2005.1–UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

 • UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-VESTIBULAR-2005-1º SEMESTRE-08/01/2005.

 ❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 30 True False Questions.

❑ PROVA:

Based on the picture below, judge the following items.

Internet: <http://www.uri.edu> (with adaptations)

1 There is no relation between the question shown on the board and the department next to it.

2 The question placed on the board suggests a philosophical issue.

3 The Philosophy Department is definitely in the basement.

4 The picture shows that the woman teaches in the Philosophy Department.

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 1: 

• You are here. But why are you here? Você está aqui. Mas por que você está aqui?

• Philosophy Department. Departamento de Filosofia

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO:

1 There is no relation between the question shown on the board and the department next to it. Não há relação entre a questão apresentada no quadro e o departamento ao lado. (ERRADO)

2 The question placed on the board suggests a philosophical issue. A pergunta colocada no quadro sugere uma questão filosófica. (CERTO)

3 The Philosophy Department is definitely in the basement. O Departamento de Filosofia está definitivamente no porão. (ERRADO)

4 The picture shows that the woman teaches in the Philosophy Department. A foto mostra que a mulher leciona no Departamento de Filosofia. (ERRADO)

❑ TEXTO 2:

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 2:

Plato: ideas and contributions

Platão: ideias e contribuições

Plato was born into a wealthy Athenian family and planned to become a politician. Platão nasceu em uma rica família ateniense e planejava se tornar político.

As he grew older, he became repulsed by the brutal and unethical practices of Athenian dictators. À medida que envelhecia, sentiu repulsa pelas práticas brutais e antiéticas dos ditadores atenienses.

In 399 B.C. he left Athens when his friend Socrates was sentenced to death. Em 399 a.C. ele deixou Atenas quando seu amigo Sócrates foi condenado à morte.

Twelve years later, he founded a school of philosophy and science called the Academy, the first university. Doze anos depois, ele fundou uma escola de filosofia e ciência chamada Academia, a primeira universidade.

Plato is famous for his written dialogues, conversations between two or more characters debating philosophical issues. Platão é famoso por seus diálogos escritos, conversas entre dois ou mais personagens que debatem questões filosóficas.

His earliest dialogues utilize Socrates as the main character who questions others on their beliefs and ideas. Seus primeiros diálogos utilizam Sócrates como personagem principal que questiona os outros sobre suas crenças e ideias.

Plato’s philosophy was based on his theory of a soul divided into three components, reason, will and appetite. A filosofia de Platão baseava-se na sua teoria de uma alma dividida em três componentes: razão, vontade e apetite.

He contended that one can identify the parts of the soul because they sometimes clash with each other. Ele argumentou que é possível identificar as partes da alma porque às vezes elas entram em conflito umas com as outras.

A person may crave or have an appetite for something, yet resist the craving with willpower. Uma pessoa pode desejar ou ter apetite por alguma coisa, mas resistir ao desejo com força de vontade.

A correctly operating soul requires the highest part, reason, to control the lowest part, appetite, with assistance from the will. Uma alma que funciona corretamente requer que a parte superior, a razão, controle a parte inferior, o apetite, com a ajuda da vontade.

Internet: <http://www.indiana.edu> (with adaptations).

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO: 

5 Plato became an outstanding politician. Platão tornou-se um político notável. (ERRADO)

6 during Plato’s days, Athenian dictators lacked moral principles. durante os dias de Platão, os ditadores atenienses careciam de princípios morais. (CERTO)

7 Plato’s background as a poor child gave him strong motivation to found the “Academy” (l.7). A origem de Platão como criança pobre deu-lhe uma forte motivação para fundar a “Academia” (l.7). (ERRADO)

8 Plato used dialogs as a way to put his ideas across. Platão usou diálogos como forma de transmitir suas ideias. (CERTO)

9 Plato argued that the parts of the soul work independently from each other. Platão argumentou que as partes da alma funcionam independentemente umas das outras. (ERRADO)

10 knowing that smoking is bad to your health and giving it up may be an example of the use of reason plus willpower. saber que fumar faz mal à saúde e parar de fumar pode ser um exemplo do uso da razão mais a força de vontade. (CERTO)

11 if the parts of a “correctly operating soul” (l.17-18) were represented as a vertical line, appetite would be at the bottom. se as partes de uma “alma que funciona corretamente” (1.17-18) fossem representadas como uma linha vertical, o apetite estaria na parte inferior. (CERTO)

12 the use of the article “a” in “a politician” (l.2) is optional. o uso do artigo “a” em “um político” (l.2) é opcional. (ERRADO)

13 “he became repulsed (...) of Athenian dictators” (l.2-4) means that Plato felt strong dislike for the Athenian dictators’ practices. “ele sentiu repulsa (...) pelos ditadores atenienses” (l.2-4) significa que Platão sentia forte antipatia pelas práticas dos ditadores atenienses. (CERTO)

14 “left” (l.4) is the opposite of right. “esquerda” (l.4) é o oposto de direita. (ERRADO)

15 “questions” (l.11) is the plural of question. “perguntas” (l.11) é o plural de questão. (ERRADO)

16 “others” (l.11) can be replaced by other people without changes in meaning. “outros” (l.11) podem ser substituídos por outras pessoas sem alterações de significado. (CERTO)

17 “their” (l.11) refers to character. “deles” (l.11) refere-se ao caráter. (ERRADO)

18 the word “will” (l.13) shows that the phrase is in the future tense. a palavra “will” (l.13) mostra que a frase está no tempo futuro. (ERRADO)

19 “yet” (l.16) expresses uncertainty in relation to time. “ainda” (l.16) expressa incerteza em relação ao tempo. (ERRADO)

❑ TEXTO 3:

❑ TRADUÇÃO - TEXTO 3:

The myth of the cave

O mito da caverna

In Plato’s allegory of the cave (the Republic, VII, 514 d) a group of men is described as chained in a fixed position in a cavern, able to look only at the wall in front of them. Na alegoria da caverna de Platão (A República, VII, 514 d), um grupo de homens é descrito como acorrentado numa posição fixa numa caverna, capaz de olhar apenas para a parede à sua frente.

They have been there since childhood, generation after generation. Eles estão lá desde a infância, geração após geração.

When an animal, for instance a horse, passes in front of the cave, they, seeing the shadow on the wall, imagine it to be reality, and while in prison they know of no other reality. Quando um animal, por exemplo um cavalo, passa em frente à caverna, eles, vendo a sombra na parede, imaginam que seja a realidade, e enquanto estão na prisão não conhecem outra realidade. 

What would happen if they were freed? O que aconteceria se eles fossem libertados?

A released prisoner would take a look at the whole cave, would see the other human beings, and when out into the light would be dazzled until he got used to the daylight. Um prisioneiro libertado daria uma olhada em toda a caverna, veria os outros seres humanos e, quando saísse para a luz, ficaria ofuscado até se acostumar com a luz do dia.

When he succeeds in distinguishing a horse among the objects around him, his first impulse is to take that for a shadow of the being which he saw on the wall. Quando consegue distinguir um cavalo entre os objetos ao seu redor, seu primeiro impulso é tomar isso como uma sombra do ser que viu na parede.

Moving on, he would start making sense of the things he sees discovering that all along he had seen shadows of things, and only now is he facing reality itself. Seguindo em frente, ele começaria a dar sentido às coisas que vê, descobrindo que o tempo todo viu sombras das coisas, e só agora está enfrentando a própria realidade.

Going back to the cave, he would be confused by the darkness, but would tell the others what he saw and would try to free them. Voltando para a caverna, ele ficaria confuso com a escuridão, mas contaria aos outros o que viu e tentaria libertá-los.

The others would not believe him and would make fun of him, even killing him if he insisted in his view of the outside world. Os outros não acreditariam nele e zombariam dele, chegando até a matá-lo se ele insistisse em sua visão do mundo exterior.

The prisoners are “like ourselves”, says Plato. Os prisioneiros são “como nós”, diz Platão.

The world of our experience, which we take to be real, is only a shadow world. O mundo da nossa experiência, que consideramos real, é apenas um mundo sombrio.

The real world is the world of ideas, which we reach, not by sense-knowledge, but by contemplation. O mundo real é o mundo das ideias, ao qual alcançamos, não pelo conhecimento sensorial, mas pela contemplação.

Translated and adapted from: <http://www.newadvent.org>.

❑ QUESTIONÁRIO:  It can be inferred from text II above that

20 an allegory is a story in which the characters and events represent particular ideas that may be related to some moral or political meaning. uma alegoria é uma história em que os personagens e eventos representam ideias particulares que podem estar relacionadas a algum significado moral ou político. (CERTO)

21 Plato did not write the allegory of the cave. Platão não escreveu a alegoria da caverna. (ERRADO)

22 things may not be what they appear to be on the surface. coisas podem não ser o que parecem ser na superfície. (CERTO)

23 preconceived ideas may prevent our progress. ideias preconcebidas podem impedir o nosso progresso. (CERTO)

24 some people live in ignorance. algumas pessoas vivem na ignorância. (CERTO)

25 The men in the cave were criminals who were put in jail for not wanting to face reality. Os homens na caverna eram criminosos que foram presos por não quererem enfrentar a realidade. (ERRADO)

26 The men in the cave could see nothing on the wall but the shadow of a horse. Os homens que estavam na caverna não conseguiam ver nada na parede, a não ser a sombra de um cavalo. (ERRADO)

27 When the released prisoner saw a horse outside the cave, he first took it for a shadow. Quando o prisioneiro libertado viu um cavalo fora da caverna, primeiro o confundiu com uma sombra. (CERTO)

28 Reality can be taken as a shadow. A realidade pode ser tomada como uma sombra. (CERTO)

29 Discoveries can provoke strong reactions that may even cause death. As descobertas podem provocar fortes reações que podem até causar a morte. (CERTO)

30 The world we live in can be compared to a “cave”. O mundo em que vivemos pode ser comparado a uma “caverna”. (CERTO)