FGV/VESTIBULAR–EBAPE–2017.1–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  FGV–Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas–2017.1–VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-APLICADA (em 23/10/2016).

https://vestibular.fgv.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | Benevolent sexists | Prospect |
• Texto (2) – | The panama papers in russia and ukraine | The Economist |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO 1:

Benevolent sexists

By Jessica Abrahams

1

Valentine’s Day. A day of romance; a chance for men to shower their women with love and treat them like princesses. 
2
Sounds nice, doesn’t it? But 14th February is a classic example of what people who study such things call “benevolent sexism.”  
3
The term was coined by psychologists Peter Glick and Susan Fiske, who define it as “a subjectively positive orientation of protection, idealisation, and affection directed towards women that, like hostile sexism, serves to justify women’s subordinate status to men.” Compare, for example, the belief that women are less capable than men professionally (hostile sexism) with the belief that women have a maternal instinct, a natural talent for taking care of children (benevolent sexism). One sounds like an insult while the other sounds like a compliment, but both have the effect of suggesting that a woman’s rightful place is in the home. 
4
Women will be aware of “benevolent sexism” happening all around them, from repeatedly hearing that they are gentler or have better social skills than men, to being told their looks give them an advantage in certain careers. 
5
Because these beliefs are ostensibly positive towards women, they may be more widespread or considered more acceptable than attitudes that are openly hostile. What’s more, they are often accompanied by apparently negative beliefs about men—men might be good at business and things mechanical, say these benevolent sexists, but they are useless at running a household, dealing with emotions or anything involving fashion. Such ideas are insulting to men, but they are also underpinned by traditional beliefs about the supposedly natural differences between males and females which end up damaging both. 
6
Chivalry [cavalheirismo] is one manifestation of this, and that’s why there is often confusion about it. It is a kind gesture for a man to pull a woman’s chair out or hold a door open for her, but it is also based on assumptions about gender roles that we could do without. 
7
This is what will happen on Valentine’s Day, this year as every other, when men wine and dine their female loves, and give them roses and jewellery and heart-shaped greetings cards. This is the danger of benevolent sexism: the day may be filled with good intentions on the part of men, and may be enjoyed and anticipated by many women, but it is nonetheless built on unwelcome foundations which ultimately do women no good. The trouble is that those foundations are obscured by a friendly façade.

Adapted from Prospect March 2016

👉 Questão  31 :
According to the author of the article,
(A) Valentine’s Day reinforces the same harmful gender stereotypes in all countries of the world.
(B) the main purpose of Valentine’s Day is to oppress women in subtle ways.
(C) since our understanding of gender roles has changed so much, Valentine’s Day is no longer a valid celebration of love between men and women.
(D) in its own way, Valentine’s Day produces an effect similar to that produced by hostile sexism.
(E) commercial interests and materialism have ruined Valentine’s Day by turning it into a sexist celebration.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•

👉 Questão  32 :
In paragraph 2, when the author writes, “Sounds nice, doesn’t it?” she is most likely
(A) lamenting the fact that Valentine’s Day has become so distorted over the years.
(B) complaining that Valentine’s Day is not doing enough to promote real equality between men and women.
(C) admitting sadly that she too once believed that Valentine’s Day is a good thing for women.
(D) doing her best to hide her true feelings about Valentine’s Day.
(E) making an ironic comment that expresses the opposite of what she really believes about Valentine’s Day.

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

👉 Questão  33 :
You can judge from the information in the article that the psychologists Peter Glick and Susan Fiske most likely believe which of the following?
(A) Benevolent sexism hurts women even more than hostile sexism does.
(B) An openly aggressive male attitude is not essential in order to oppress women.
(C) Relations between men and women will always be characterized by a fierce power struggle between the sexes.
(D) Unless both benevolent and hostile sexism are eradicated, women will continue to be less professionally capable than men.
(E) No woman with a strong sense of initiative and a healthy self-esteem wants to be a wife and a mother.

R E S P O S T A :   B

•

👉 Questão  34 :
In accordance with the information in the article, which of the following ideas would most likely not be an example of benevolent sexism, as defined by Peter Glick and Susan Fiske?
(A) Women take more pride in their appearance than men do.
(B) The fact that women are by nature friendly and helpful makes them good additions to all-male study groups.
(C) In certain professional areas, a woman will soon discover that she is very lucky if she is both beautiful and charming.
(D) Since women are more delicate than men, it makes sense that men should take care of them.
(E) The beauty of motherhood is the fact that a child takes precedence over everything else in a woman’s life.

R E S P O S T A :   A

•

👉 Questão  35 :
According to the information in the article,
(A) because benevolent sexism is so well hidden, it is in fact much more harmful to women than hostile sexism is.
(B) although benevolent sexism can be annoying to women, in reality it causes them very little harm.
(C) in denigrating women, certain kinds of benevolent sexism also end up denigrating men.
(D) for benevolent sexism to be truly harmful, it must attack men as much as it attacks women.
(E) the purpose of benevolent sexism is to praise and support men and to denigrate women.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•

👉 Questão  36 :
In paragraph 5, “they” in the phrase “…they are useless at running a household…” most likely refers to
(A) men who subject women to benevolent sexism.
(B) women who try to compete with men as equals.
(C) men who are especially skilled in business and mechanics.
(D) men in general, according to certain benevolent sexists.
(E) men whose beliefs are openly hostile to women in general.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•

👉 Questão  37 :
In paragraph 6, the phrase “Chivalry [cavalheirismo] is one manifestation of this…” most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Fundamental parts of the standard belief system that promotes chivalry are equivocal.
(B) Unproven but universally accepted ideas about the nature of men and women can only be destructive.
(C) If there were no natural differences between men and women, chivalry would never have been invented.
(D) Although invented as a system of correct behavior, nowadays chivalry only generates confusion and resentment.
(E) Chivalry is a hypocritical behavioral system whose real purpose is to guarantee the subjugation of women.

R E S P O S T A :   A

•

👉 Questão  38 :
With respect to Valentine’s Day, the information in the article supports all of the following except
(A) it’s possible that men participating in Valentine’s Day do not know they are helping to reinforce prejudice against women.
(B) women participating in Valentine’s Day may often be blind to its bad aspects.
(C) because of its true but hidden nature, Valentine’s Day does no one any good.
(D) as it is currently practiced, Valentine’s Day inevitably produces harmful effects.
(E) the generosity that men show to women on Valentine’s Day is ultimately one of that holiday’s negative aspects.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•

• TEXTO 2:

(NOTE: The Panama papers is the name given to millions of leaked documents belonging to the Panama-based law firm, Mossack Fonseca, which sets up offshore companies, trusts, and foundations, some of which have allegedly been used for tax evasion, money laundering, and other illegal purposes.)

The panama papers in russia and ukraine 

By Jessica Abrahams

1

The Kremlin had warned that an attack was coming. “Comrades are working in accordance with tried and tested schemes,” Vladimir Putin’s spokesman, Dmitry Peskov, said last month, predicting an attempt to “rock the boat” ahead of elections in Russia. But when the Panama papers appeared, revealing a $2 billion trail leading to Mr Putin’s inner circle, the leadership exhaled. “We were expecting more impressive results,” said Mr Peskov. “They have found little new.”
2
Suggestions of shady dealings in the president’s court neither surprise nor enrage most Russians. Only a few opposition activists came out to protest in central Moscow on April 5th; several were quickly detained. Some 76% of the country believes its authorities are corrupt; 66% say Mr Putin bears significant or full responsibility for such high-level corruption. Yet he remains secure. “Corruption is seen as a fact of life, and the sense that there’s nothing we can do about it is pervasive,” says Maria Lipman, editor of the journal Counterpoint. The latest revelations will do nothing to change those perceptions.
3
With the help of friendly media, the Kremlin has instead used the leak to reinforce a familiar story of Western interference. As Lev Gudkov, head of the Levada Centre, an independent pollster, points out, Russian reactions depend almost entirely on the nature of the news coverage.
4
State-run television networks said little about the Panama papers except to present them as part of an “information war” against Mr Putin, “the curatorial work of the US State Department itself”. Mr Putin’s name, they note, does not appear in the Mossack Fonseca documents. Questions about how the president’s old friend, the cellist Sergei Roldugin, came into such enormous wealth are dismissed as “Putinophobia”. Andrey Kostin, head of the state-run bank VTB, which allegedly made loans to Mr Roldugin through a Cypriot subsidiary, called the notion of Mr Putin’s involvement “bullshit”.
5
The documents may prove far more damaging for Mr Putin’s counterpart in Ukraine, Petro Poroshenko. A confectionery magnate known as the “Chocolate King”, Mr Poroshenko promised to sell his company, Roshen, after winning the presidency in May 2014. Earlier this year he announced that he had transferred his assets to a blind trust. Instead, the documents indicate, they were moved offshore to the British Virgin Islands (BVI).
6
Legally, Mr Poroshenko may have an explanation. His associates suggest, and some experts agree, that the BVI company created in his name was nothing more than a vehicle for a pre-sale restructuring of Roshen. The documents do not suggest Mr Poroshenko abused his office to enrich himself. The Ukrainian general prosecutor’s office says that so far it “does not see any elements of a crime”.
7
Politically, though, this is a giant problem for a president who rode a revolution to power promising to clean up his country’s crooked political system.

Adapted from The Economist April 9, 2016.

👉 Questão  39 :
According to President Vladimir Putin’s spokesman, Dmitry Peskov,
(A) all of the corruption involving Vladimir Putin and his associates was well known by the Russian people before the Panama papers came out.
(B) the information revealed by the Panama papers is fraudulent and therefore has nothing at all to do with the Kremlin.
(C) the appearance of the Panama papers is proof that innumerable foreign entities are working day and night to destabilize Vladimir Putin’s administration.
(D) the Panama papers were a surprise because the information they revealed was essentially so weak.
(E) foreign entities working with Russia’s opposition party are manipulating the Panama papers in an attempt to destroy Vladimir Putin’s chance to be reelected president this year.

R E S P O S T A :   D

•

👉 Questão  40 :
According to the information in the article, most Russians
(A) still have no clearly formed opinion about their country’s endemic corruption.
(B) understand that a high level of corruption is necessary for any government to work efficiently.
(C) no longer show any strong reaction to news of corruption among the officials who run the country.
(D) are so afraid of the inevitable legal consequences of publicly protesting against government corruption that they prefer to remain quiet.
(E) gladly tolerate widespread corruption in exchange for security and prosperity.

R E S P O S T A :   C

•

👉 Questão  41 :
In paragraph 2, the sentence “The latest revelations will do nothing to change those perceptions” most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Information presented by the Panama papers will not modify the ideas of the Russian people about corruption in their government.
(B) Information presented by the Panama papers has merely reinforced the Russian people’s belief that government corruption will only get worse.
(C) The Russian tradition of government corruption is so strong that it will never change.
(D) Many people around the world believe that the passive acceptance of government corruption is a general characteristic of Russian society.
(E) Nothing will change the Kremlin’s opinion that the information revealed by the Panama papers is of little importance.

R E S P O S T A :   A

•

👉 Questão  42 :
With respect to Russia’s news media, the information in the article most supports which of the following?
(A) The Panama papers would have been a political and public relations disaster if the Kremlin had not received large-scale help from Russia’s news media.
(B) Russia’s news media are worried that sooner or later the information revealed by the Panama papers will destroy Vladimir Putin’s government.
(C) The information revealed by the Panama papers is so vague that Russia’s news media have refused to take it seriously.
(D) Since the Kremlin controls all of Russia’s news media, Russians have no way to know the truth about Vladimir Putin’s involvement with the Panama papers.
(E) In general, Russia’s news media will determine what most Russians think about the Panama papers.

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

👉 Questão  43 :
According to the information in the article,  
(A) the US State Department released the Panama papers as part of its plan to ruin Vladimir Putin’s reputation.
(B) the Panama papers have not yet provided concrete proof that Vladimir Putin did any kind of business personally with Mossack Fonseca.
(C) the Panama papers have identified Vladimir Putin as the proprietor of an offshore bank account that his old friend, Sergei Roldugin, set up with the help of Mossack Fonseca.
(D) there is no doubt that Vladimir Putin helped his old friend, Sergei Roldugin, to receive money though a subsidiary of the Russian state-run bank VTB.
(E) because Vladimir Putin is absolutely secure in his position as Russia’s president, opponents are now concentrating their attacks on his friends and associates.

R E S P O S T A :   B

•

👉 Questão  44 :
Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) In order to win Ukraine’s presidential election, Petro Poroshenko made a fraudulent promise to sell his company, Roshen.
(B) Information revealed by the Panama papers shows concrete proof that Petro Poroshenko’s government is more corrupt than Vladimir Putin’s government.
(C) The blind trust in which Petro Poroshenko placed his assets was specifically designed to hide them from investigation.
(D) Ukraine’s voters believed that because Petro Poroshenko was a rich businessman with no experience in politics, it was certain that he would be an honest and competent president.
(E) Before the Panama papers were revealed to the public, Ukrainians probably had a better opinion of Petro Poroshenko’s integrity than Russian’s had of Vladimir Putin’s integrity.

R E S P O S T A :   E

•

👉 Questão  45 :
In the last sentence of the article, “this” in the phrase “…this is a giant problem…” most likely refers to the fact that
(A) the Panama papers have revealed Petro Poroshenko’s dishonest business and political deals.
(B) Petro Poroshenko apparently did not do with his assets what he told the Ukrainian people he had done.
(C) BVI offshore companies, though not necessarily illegal, are frequently associated with money-laundering schemes and other forms of corruption.
(D) the Ukrainian general prosecutor’s office may start to investigate Petro Poroshenko’s allegedly criminal activities.
(E) although Petro Poroshenko’s company, Roshen, was subjected to a rigorous pre-sale restructuring, no one wanted to buy it.

R E S P O S T A :   B

•

FGV/VESTIBULAR–EBAPE–2018.1–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  FGV-RJ-Escola Brasileira de Administração Pública e de Empresas-2018.1-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-APLICADA (em 15/10/17).

https://vestibular.fgv.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | U.S. impeachment | Prospect |
• Texto (2) – | Northern timber rattlesnakes | Natural History |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO 1: FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR 1ºSEMESTRE, aplicação em 15/10/2017.

➧ BANCA/ORGANIZADOR: FGV-EBAPE-Escola Brasileira de ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA E DE EMPRESAS.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 15 questões do tipo múltipla escolha (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-A, 02-E, 03-C, 04-B, 05-A

06-C, 07-D, 08-B, 09-C, 10-D

11-E, 12-B, 13-D, 14-E, 15-A

➧ VOCABULÁRIO: 

➧ TEXTO I:

U.S. impeachment

By Ursula Hacket 

1

President Donald Trump’s business dealings, unhinged [malucos] tweets and conflicts of interest, coupled with lurid sexual allegations and whispers of Russian links have led some to dream that impeachment could be just around the corner. The chatter started even before he took office, and by January’s end half a million people had signed the “Impeach Trump Now” petition. It’s all very wishful thinking.
2
Article II, Section 4 of the US Constitution states: “The President, Vice President and all civil officers… shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.” The House of Representatives must vote upon an impeachment resolution and the Judiciary Committee conduct an investigation. If the House then accepts the impeachment charges, the action moves to the Senate, where a trial takes place. To convict an impeached president a full two-thirds of the Senate must find him guilty. The first of these steps (Committee investigation) has taken place three times: in 1868 (President Andrew Johnson), 1974 (Richard Nixon) and 1998 (Bill Clinton). The second (House vote and Senate trial), twice— for Presidents Johnson and Clinton, but not Nixon, who resigned before trial. The third (conviction) has never taken place.
3
In conscious opposition to the ancient maxim "the king can do no wrong," the Founding Fathers created a presidency that was not shielded from responsibility for wrongdoing. In early Constitutional drafts only treason and bribery were impeachable. One founder – George Mason – suggested adding "maladministration," but James Madison objected that this loose formulation would hand a weapon to politically-motivated enemies of the president. They compromised with "high crimes and misdemeanors." But Madison's fears proved well founded: impeachment has never truly been a legal process, and always a political one. The political battleground? Defining "high crimes and misdemeanors.”
4
Unlike well-defined treason or bribery, the "high crimes" test is entirely elastic. The President's supporters take a restrictive view, his opponents an expansive one. Presidents may wish things were clearer, and sometimes claim that they are. "You don't have to be a constitutional lawyer to know that the constitution is very precise in defining what is an impeachable offence," whimpered a besieged Nixon in 1974. But he was wrong: the Founders did not specify a list of specific offences, nor even require any actual criminal offence be proved. His successor, Gerald Ford, was closer to the truth when he claimed that "an impeachable offence is whatever a majority of the House of Representatives considers it to be at a given moment in history." Impeachable "misdemeanors" could include inaction, chronic ineptitude and abuse of powers, especially when aggregated into a pattern of behaviour. All this makes impeachment a fundamentally political act – defined in terms dictated by partisan actors – and thus, where those actors are sufficiently hostile, a more plausible outcome.
5
Partisanship and political calculation, then, are all-important – not formal legal standards. For example, both Johnson’s and Clinton’s impeachment votes split along party lines. Democratic Senator Robert Byrd even stated at Clinton’s trial that although he was certain the Democratic president had committed perjury, his vote would be cast “in the best interest of the nation.”
6
Impeachment efforts have always occurred when rival tribes control the White House and Capitol Hill [site of the U.S. Congress]. And the Republican Trump will not be impeached unless most members of a Republican-dominated House of Representatives and a supermajority of a Republican-dominated Senate judge it to be in their own best interests. 

Adapted from

Prospect, March 2017.

01 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

(A) though Donald Trump has been accused of many kinds of objectionable and even scandalous behavior, he probably is not in danger of being impeached.
(B) the political enemies of Donald Trump are currently planning to use his scandalous personal behavior and his criminal business deals with the Russians as the basis for impeachment proceedings.
(C) despite exhibiting objectionable and even criminal behavior before the U.S. presidential election, Donald Trump can be impeached only for crimes he may have committed while serving as president.
(D) the clearly vindictive, political motives of Donald Trump’s opponents will invalidate any attempt to impeach him.
(E) no matter what crimes that he may commit, as long as Donald Trump is able to maintain his high approval ratings, he will never be impeached.

02 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 1, the phrase “The chatter started even before he took office…” most likely means which of the following?

(A) People have been discussing Donald Trump’s sexual adventures for years.
(B) Donald Trump began his mandate as a controversial president elected by a minority of American voters.
(C) Even before the presidential election, controversies surrounding Donald Trump had divided the U.S. into two warring factions.
(D) Although many Americans have demanded that Donald Trump be impeached, so far there is not enough concrete evidence against him to make that happen.
(E) Donald Trump was not yet officially exercising his presidential duties when some Americans began discussing the possibility of impeaching him.

03 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported in Article II, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution?

(A) Any high-ranking U.S. government official who commits a serious crime will be impeached.
(B) A presidential impeachment is a two-step process in which first the House of Representatives votes and then the Senate votes.
(C) In the constitutional process to impeach a president, the House of Representatives may fulfill its official role regardless of the Senate, but the Senate may not fulfill its official role regardless of the House of Representatives.
(D) Although many U.S. government officials may be impeached, the Senate decides guilt or innocence only in the case of a presidential impeachment.
(E) When a majority of members of the House of Representatives and the Senate are opposed to a president, they will find a way to remove him from office.

04 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

(A) Except when dealing with either “treason” or “bribery,” impeachment proceedings in the U.S. have never been conducted in a fair and honest way.
(B) Even if Article II, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution had not specifically mentioned “treason” and “bribery,” they could still be considered impeachable offenses.
(C) Because “treason” and “bribery” are unique criminal offenses, Article II, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution did not include them in the category of “high crimes and misdemeanors.”
(D) The political animosity between George Mason and James Madison resulted in a dangerously vague definition of what may constitute “high crimes and misdemeanors.”
(E) By insisting that the term “high crimes and misdemeanors” be included in Article II, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution, James Madison seriously compromised the efficiency of impeachment proceedings.

05 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to President Richard Nixon, the article most supports which of the following?

(A) The Senate in fact never determined in an impeachment proceeding whether or not he had committed a serious crime.
(B) He is the only U.S. public official to have resigned in order to avoid impeachment.
(C) If he had not resigned, he would have been convicted of high crimes and misdemeanors.
(D) He probably was guilty of inaction, chronic ineptitude, and abuse of powers.
(E) Many U.S. presidents have done the same things that he did but, unlike him, were never impeached.

06 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to Article II, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution, which of the following is not supported by the information in the article?

(A) It has never been used successfully to remove a president from office.
(B) James Madison supported a modification that he hoped would be sufficiently ample, without being dangerously vague.
(C) Using it is the only way to remove a U.S. president from office.
(D) Members of the House of Representatives are allowed great flexibility in interpreting certain parts of it.
(E) It can be used to remove a U.S. president from office even if there is no concrete proof that he or she actually committed a crime.

07 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 5, the article most likely highlights Democratic Senator Robert Byrd in order to show that

(A) in impeachment proceedings in the U.S., politicians may stand up against public opinion.
(B) even in U.S. impeachment proceedings, politicians try to protect each other.
(C) in general, the real motives for a presidential impeachment in the U.S. have nothing to do with concepts of fairness and justice.
(D) a politician taking part in U.S. presidential impeachment proceedings may put party loyalty ahead of personal beliefs.
(E) the question of whether or not President Bill Clinton actually did commit a criminal offense was never an important factor in the impeachment proceedings.

08 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

(A) If Donald Trump were a more popular president, he would never be threatened with impeachment.
(B) In a sense, impeachment in the U.S. may be considered a form of political persecution.
(C) Because he is vulnerable to impeachment, Donald Trump needs to follow the dictates of powerful Republican Party members.
(D) Inadequate for the modern political scenario, the U.S. Constitution’s impeachment provisions are in serious need of reform.
(E) The relatively large number of U.S. presidents who have been threatened with impeachment in recent decades is indicative of the deteriorating quality of U.S. politics.

➧ TEXTO II:

NORTHERN TIMBER RATTLESNAKES

By Niki Wilson

1

In the rugged terrain of the Adirondack Mountains in New York State, biologist William Brown of Skidmore College has spent 36 years getting to know a local population of timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus). He has traveled through gnarly forests and up rubble-filled slopes to find these snakes near the same dens [tocas] year after year, sometimes curled up in the leaf litter, other times basking [tomando sol] on stony outcroppings near shelter rocks.
2
Timber rattlesnakes are members of the pit viper family, meaning they have temperature-sensitive openings or "pits" on the sides of their heads. Though venomous, they are shy snakes, preferring to crawl away rather than strike. They hibernate in their dens during the colder months, mating in the late summer. The breeding habits of this species have particularly captured Brown's attention, as understanding the rattlesnakes' reproductive behavior is key in determining how to protect them.
3
Last fall, armed with decades of data, Brown revealed some of his long-term findings. One of the biggest surprises was the average age of first reproduction in females, something not previously confirmed, and an important piece of the lifecycle puzzle.
4
Whereas females of other rattlesnake species, and even certain southern populations of timber rattlesnakes, begin reproducing around age three, Brown showed that northern female timber rattlesnakes are roughly ten years old before they bear young for the first time. "They seem to have one of the oldest ages of sexual maturity known in rattlesnakes," says Brown, adding that their age of first breeding varies significantly by population and geographic location.
5
Not only is it a long wait to mate, but many females – about 60% of those studied – will only have the energy to reproduce once in their lifetime. When they do have sufficient reserves to carry a pregnancy, sometimes up to 20% of the litter (which normally totals between four and ten young) will be undeveloped or dead at birth. Pregnancy and birth take an enormous toll on the mother, says Brown. “If she survives, several years may be needed for her to build up the energy stores to do it again, if at all.
6
Knowing how vulnerable the females are makes the protection of their core habitat critical. For example, Brown has found that timber rattlesnakes require about a two-kilometer radius of undisturbed basking habitat around their dens while pregnant. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation is currently in the process of identifying such areas in an effort to develop a formal recovery plan.
7
The snakes need it. Though currently stable, this population's future is far from secure. It is listed as "threatened" in New York State. In the past, numbers dwindled due to poaching [caça ilegal] and the now-illegal collection for the pet trade. However, according to Brown, "The main threat most recently, at least in New York State, is residential development up against timber rattlesnake range.”
8
Brown has also discovered new information about the snake's lifespan. One memorable day last year, he re-captured a female snake he had first tagged in 1981. She was roughly fifteen years old back then, meaning that last year, she was around age fifty. ''I'd always assumed they lived until they were about twenty to thirty," he says. "Prior to this study, most herpetologists wouldn't have believed they could live this long.”
9
It's another surprising and important piece of the lifecycle puzzle, one that can only come from a lifetime of work on a single population.

Adapted from

Natural History, April 2017.

09 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to William Brown, the information in the article most supports which of the following?

(A) After 36 years of research he discovered that in order to guarantee the survival of any animal species, environmentalists must first study its reproductive behavior.
(B) After 36 years of research he discovered the only remaining habitat of the northern timber rattlesnake in New York State’s Adirondack Mountains.
(C) For 36 years he has studied one particular group of northern timber rattlesnakes in one particular area of New York State’s Adirondack Mountains.
(D) He has spent 36 years studying northern timber rattlesnakes and identifying their different habitats in various regions of New York State’s Adirondack Mountains.
(E) After devoting 36 years of research to various kinds of snakes, he has become a renowned expert on those animals.

10 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to northern timber rattlesnakes, the information in the article most supports which of the following?

(A) They usually live longer than any other kind of snake.
(B) They use the pits on the sides of their heads to regulate their body temperature.
(C) They spend up to three months a year hibernating.
(D) Even though they are equipped with venom, they generally avoid confronting a potential enemy.
(E) Until scientists discover more about their reproductive behavior, it will be hard to save them from extinction.

11 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, William Brown’s research most likely revealed which of the following?

(A) Northern female timber rattlesnakes can give birth until they are at least 10 years old.
(B) Some populations of southern timber rattlesnakes exhibit the same reproductive behavior that northern timber rattlesnakes exhibit.
(C) In order to protect northern timber rattlesnakes, it is imperative that their ability to reproduce be increased.
(D) Among all snakes, rattlesnakes have one of the oldest ages of sexual maturity.
(E) Fewer than half of the northern female rattlesnakes studied had enough energy to reproduce more than once in a lifetime.

12 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article indicates that it is important to

(A) understand why northern timber rattlesnakes spend their entire lives in one restricted geographic location.
(B) make sure that pregnant northern female timber rattlesnakes have a sufficiently large and peaceful area in which to lie in the sun.
(C) decrease the percentage of northern timber rattlesnake babies that die at birth.
(D) discover why northern female timber rattlesnakes are so vulnerable to habitat destruction.
(E) educate the public about the relatively inoffensive behavior of northern timber rattlesnakes.

13 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 7, “it” in the sentence “The snakes need it” most likely refers to which of the following?

(A) A larger area of protected habitat in New York State for northern timber rattlesnakes.
(B) Official New York State recognition of the precarious situation of northern timber rattlesnakes.
(C) A New York State zoning regulation that prohibits the destruction of northern timber rattlesnake territory.
(D) An official, well-planned New York State program designed to increase the population of northern timber rattlesnakes.
(E) A stronger New York State environmental law to discourage the killing or capturing of northern timber rattlesnakes.

14 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

Before William Brown made his discoveries about northern timber rattlesnakes,

(A) most people believed they were much more dangerous than they really are.
(B) most people had no idea that the species was listed as “threatened.”
(C) most herpetologists believed that the females of that species died after giving birth.
(D) few herpetologists considered it important to compare the reproductive behavior of that species with the reproductive behavior of southern timber rattlesnakes.
(E) few herpetologists had an accurate notion of that species’ longevity.

15 – (FGV-2018-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, which of the following was essential for William Brown to be successful in his research?

(A) In studying northern timber rattlesnakes, he focused his attention on only one particular group.
(B) He focused his attention exclusively on the reproductive behavior of northern timber rattlesnakes.
(C) He discovered that northern timber rattlesnakes can live at least until age 50.
(D) The New York State department of Environmental Conservation allowed him free access to the northern timber rattlesnake’s habitat in the Adirondack Mountains.
(E) He was able to study one particular northern female timber rattlesnake from her birth to her death.

FGV/VESTIBULAR–RJ–CEMA–2019.1–LÍNGUA INGLESA–GABARITO, TEXTOS TRADUZIDOS & AQUISIÇÃO DE VOCABULÁRIO.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑  PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

•  FGV-RJ-CIÊNCIAS ECONÔMICAS/MATEMÁTICA APLICADA–2019.1–VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE-APLICADA (em 21/10/18).

https://vestibular.fgv.br

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
• Texto (1) – | Farewell at last | The Economist |
• Texto (2) – | Island of the blue foxes | Natural History |

PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO

❑ TEXTO 1:

01-D, 02-C, 03-E, 04-A, 05-B

06-D, 07-E, 08-B, 09-C, 10-D

11-A, 12-A, 13-C, 14-B, 15-E

➧ VOCABULÁRIO: 

❑ TEXTO 1:

FAREWELL AT LAST

1

Rafael is about to finish his degree at Havana University, but his mind is elsewhere. The finance and economics he is learning are “what they use here in Cuba”, he explains, ie, not much use anywhere else. Cuba’s socialist government pays for his education but the stipend for living expenses is just $4 a month, enough for ten meals at the university canteen. Additional lunch money comes from his siblings [irmãos e irmãs], who live abroad. Rafael (not his real name) wants to go, too. He is looking for scholarships to get a master’s degree in Europe. If he finds one, he plans to stay abroad, where he can earn real money.
2
Rafael is among the many young Cubans who respond to their crimped [restringidos, obstruídos] prospects not by agitating against the system but by plotting to escape it. He does not oppose Cuba’s communist regime, nor does he take much interest in it. So he is unexcited by a power shift that will make headlines around the world. On April 19th Raúl Castro plans to step down as president, bringing to an end nearly 60 years of rule by the family that led the country’s revolution. Rafael thinks it is time for Mr Castro to go. But “it doesn’t matter to me.”
3
It will matter to most of Cuba’s 11 million people, who have no easy way off the island. In a country where transfers of power are rare, the one that will soon occur [on April 19th 2018] is momentous. Mr Castro, who is 86, is expected to hand power to the “first” vice-president, Miguel Díaz-Canel. He had not been born when Raúl’s brother, Fidel Castro, toppled the American-backed dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1959. The post-revolutionary generation will bring a change in style and raise Cubans’ expectations of their government. It is unclear whether the new leaders will meet them.
4
Mr Díaz-Canel, an engineer by training, has acquired a reputation for modesty during his quiet three-decade ascent through government and the Communist Party. As a leader in his home province of Villa Clara, in central Cuba, he rode around on a bicycle rather than in an official car. At the (oneparty) parliamentary elections last month, he queued up with other voters and chatted to the press (Mr Castro zipped in and out of his polling station).
5
Mr Díaz-Canel has sometimes seemed more liberal than other party officials. He backed gay rights before it was fashionable. In 2013 he calmed a furore caused by the censorship of some student bloggers who were critical of the government. He met the students in front of the press and said that in the internet age “banning something is almost a delusion.”
6
His elevation to the presidency will be part of a broader generational change. Several octogenarian conservatives, such as José Ramón Machado Ventura and Ramiro Valdés, will probably leave the council of state, a body with lawmaking powers. Mr Díaz-Canel is expected to replace government ministers with his own people.
7
But substantive change, if it happens, will not be abrupt. Although la generación histórica will no longer run the government day to day, it will still be influential. Until 2021 Mr Castro is expected to remain head of the Politburo, which controls the Communist Party and thus the overall direction of policy. Mr Ventura will remain second-in-command. Mr Díaz-Canel will be only the third most powerful member.
8
He may not be the reformer some Cubans are hoping for.

Adapted from The Economist, April 14th 2018.

01 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the student Rafael, the information in the article most likely supports which of the following?

(A) He believes the education he is getting in Cuba is worthless.
(B) If he could study internationally accepted forms of finance and economics at Havana University, he would not want to leave Cuba.
(C) Without financial help from some of his relatives, he would not be able to continue his university studies.
(D) Even if he enjoys the advantage of a diploma from Havana University, he will find that his earning potential in Cuba is limited.
(E) Unless he receives a scholarship for a master’s degree in Europe, he will not be able to leave Cuba.

02 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to many young Cubans, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

(A) They believe that the only thing Cuba’s government has done successfully is to maintain its exclusive control of the country’s political and economic power.
(B) They have given little thought to the significance of the transfer of power that will take place on April 19th.
(C) They are probably still living in Cuba only because they haven’t found a practical way to live abroad.
(D) They have no affection for the members of the Castro family.
(E) Although they avoid saying so, they detest Cuba’s communist regime and would love to see it abolished.

03 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

the transfer of power scheduled for April 19th will

(A) be the first to take place in Cuba in almost 60 years.
(B) be greeted by apathy, since Cuba’s 11 million people do not believe it will bring any positive changes to their living conditions.
(C) cause many young Cubans to hope for better days and to rethink their plans to leave Cuba.
(D) make Miguel Díaz-Canel the new president of Cuba but will in fact give him no autonomy to do what he would like to do.
(E) mean that, in Cuba, one generation will start sharing a significant portion of governmental and political power with another generation.

04 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

In paragraph 3,

“them” in the sentence “It is unclear whether the new leaders will meet them”

most likely refers to the

(A) hopeful expectations that Cubans may have regarding the government that will result from the transfer of power.
(B) young Cubans like Rafael who want to live in foreign countries.
(C) numerous socio-economic challenges that Cuba’s Communist Party has so far ignored.
(D) promises that Cuba’s revolutionary generation made when it overthrew Fulgencio Batista’s dictatorship in 1959.
(E) many young Cubans who will want to participate in the new government.

05 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to Miguel Díaz-Canel, the information in the article supports all of the following except

(A) both Cuba’s revolutionary government and the communist revolution itself are older than he is.
(B) he abandoned his job as an engineer when he became interested in politics.
(C) although he is not from Havana, during several decades he has quietly built his political career to become a national figure.
(D) although he is a powerful member of the Communist Party, he has on occasion given signs that he favors a relatively simple lifestyle.
(E) most people still have little concrete information about what he will do when he becomes the president of Cuba.

06 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article,

Miguel Díaz-Canel

(A) enthusiastically supports Cuba’s gay-rights movement.
(B) turned bicycle-riding into a strong political act in Cuba.
(C) is already more relaxed and more popular with Cubans than the current members of the Castro family are.
(D) has already indicated that he believes that at least a part of the internet restrictions imposed by Cuba’s current government are foolish.
(E) was skillful enough to censor some student bloggers and then turn that polemic to his own political advantage.

07 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

According to the information in the article, after Miguel Díaz-Canel becomes president of Cuba, which of the following will most likely happen?

(A) He will replace all of the current government leaders with younger, more liberal men and women.
(B) He will restrict the Cuban council of state’s lawmaking powers.
(C) He will need to confront the current group of government ministers, who will fight to keep their jobs, power, and privileges.
(D) Not only will he make nothing more than cosmetic changes in the country’s authoritarian government, but he will also strengthen, in one way or another, the power of the Communist Party.
(E) Although he will be the head of the country’s government, he will not hold absolute mastery over the Communist Party.

08 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The article’s title, Farewell at Last, most likely refers to
(A) the relief that Cubans will feel when the Castro family no longer governs the country.

(B) the imminent transfer of power that, for the first time since the communist revolution, will put Cuba’s presidency in the hands of a non-Castro.
(C) the beginning of the end of the repression and isolation that have characterized Cuban life for nearly 60 years.
(D) what the majority of Cubans would like to say to Cuba’s socialist governmental system.
(E) what the student Rafael would like to say to Cuba itself.

➧ TEXTO II:

ISLAND OF THE BLUE FOXES

1

In 1733, a Russian land-and-sea expedition, initially funded by Tsar Peter the Great and later charged by Empress Anna to explore Siberia and the uncharted shores of the North Pacific, set off eastward from St. Petersburg. Led by a career naval officer, a Dane, Vitus Bering, the expedition was as massive as its mission was challenging: not only to map and inventory new lands, but also, according to Canadian history writer Stephen Bown (author of the recently published book Island of the Blue Foxes: Disaster and Triumph on the World’s Greatest Scientific Expedition), “to demonstrate to Europe the power and sophistication of Russia.”
2
No roads spanned [estendiam-se sobre] the thousands of miles to Russia’s coastal frontier on the Kamchatka peninsula at the time, and, even in the few Siberian settlements under control of central government, there was little infrastructure other than that sustaining local fur trapping and forestry. Bering’s entourage, accordingly, needed to bring along mammoth loads of supplies if it were to carry out the threefold tasks of conducting scientific studies, constructing vessels for venturing into the Pacific, and simply surviving and avoiding hunger. Timber would be plentiful on site, but not iron, sailcloth, medical supplies, books, scientific instruments, and a host [grande número] of other raw materials and finished goods.
3
The expedition party, numbering in the thousands, included drovers [boiadeiros, vaqueiros], sailors, soldiers, shipwrights [construtores navais], coopers [tanoeiros], blacksmiths [ferreiros], carpenters, secretaries, surveyors [agrimensores], and physicians – a sizeable sample of the skilled and unskilled work force of “civilized” Russia.
4
Drawing on journals, logs, and official reports, Bown presents a moving account of how the great Kamchatka – North Pacific expediton became a tenyear odyssey of hardship and conflict. Physical rigors were expected, but equally significant were social dramas playing out along the way. Siberian officials, overwhelmed by the sudden – and sometimes unannounced – arrival of imperious strangers, were reluctant to provide necessary services. Further delays arose from Bering’s cautious regard for carrying out every step of his mandate and getting everything in line before proceeding to the next step, a habit not always well received by younger and more adventurous officers under his command.
5
Not until June 1742 did newly built ships depart from Kamchatka on a voyage that was to secure Bering’s posthumous reputation and provide a basis for Russia’s colonization of Alaska. The key figure in this climactic episode is Georg Steller, who served as a naturalist and physician aboard Bering’s ship. Steller’s arrogance made him the target of scorn [desprezo] by most of the crew, but his notes on the appearance and behaviour of novel species of North American wildlife have earned him a lasting place in the history and nomenclature of biology – a few months ago, I spent an evening watching a group of Steller’s sea lions asleep on the shore of the Columbia River.
6
The villain of the story – as in so many expeditions of this era – is the vitamin-C deficiency known as scurvy [escorbuto]. Near the end of the book, marooned [ilhados, abandonados] on a fox-infested island that today bears [ostenta] Bering’s name, sailors die, one after another, from this malady that nowadays can be avoided with a daily vitamin-C enriched cough drop. Here Steller emerges as the ultimate hero of the expedition, nursing crew members back to health with local herbs [ervas]. Thanks to Steller, 46 of his 76 shipmates, along with Steller, survived to tell their tales, now retold so well in Stephen Bown’s fine addition to the literature of Artic exploration. 

Laurence A. Marschall

Adapted from Natural History, March 2018.

09 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article most supports which of the following?

(A) At the time of the expedition, all of Russia from St. Petersburg to the Pacific coast was uncharted wilderness.
(B) Tsar Peter the Great and Empress Anna made a point of choosing a Dane to command the expedition because they wanted someone with both naval and scientific experience.
(C) In financing and encouraging this enormous expedition, Tsar Peter the Great and Empress Anna were concerned about more than the development of science in Russia.
(D) Along with increasing Russia’s scientific and geographical knowledge, the expedition was designed to prepare the way for future Russian military conquests in Asia.
(E) The main stimulus for the expedition was the intense competition among the great European powers to build overseas empires.

10 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article most supports which of the following?

(A) In trying to reach the Kamchatka peninsula, the expedition would have found it more practical to travel by water than by land.
(B) The journey through Siberia was so difficult that, in the end, the expedition could go no farther than the Kamchatka peninsula.
(C) At the time of the expedition, Russia did not possess the infrastructure and technology to build ships capable of sailing to the Kamchatka peninsula.
(D) Even though the expedition would journey across thousands of miles of territory to reach Kamchatka, the planners were unsure of finding adequate food supplies along the way.
(E) If not for the generous help of Siberians involved in local fur trapping and forestry activities, the expedition probably would not have reached Kamchatka.

11 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

At the end of paragraph 3, the word “civilized”

most likely appears between quotation marks in order to

(A) highlight the fact that the expedition was going to spend a lot of time traveling in and studying what was then considered an uncivilized part of Russia.
(B) comment ironically on the fact that, despite its scientific pretensions, the expedition was essentially an exercise in Russian imperialism.
(C) point out that, despite European beliefs to the contrary, Russia was in many ways as well developed as any of the so-called “great “ countries.
(D) emphasize the fact that Russia was still a backward country whose development was dependent on Western science and technology.
(E) show that, even when dealing with such an important scientific expedition, Russian planning tended to be characterized by extravagance and incompetence.

12 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article most likely supports all of the following except

(A) at the time of the expedition, Siberians still did not consider themselves part of Russia.
(B) Vitus Bering showed a disciplined approach to leading the expedition and was in general unwilling to improvise or take short cuts.
(C) relations between Siberian officials and the members of the expedition were at times marked by the officials’ resentment and lack of cooperation.
(D) it is fair to say that, in their own way, problems caused by people had as strong an impact on the expedition as did problems caused by nature.
(E) although the expedition really was an adventure, some military officers were frustrated by what they considered its slow, cautious pace.

13 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to the voyage that began in June 1742, the information in the article most supports which of the following?

(A) It took the first Russian naturalists and colonizers to Alaska.
(B) It represented Russia’s last serious atempt, before the 19th century, to explore the North Pacific.
(C) It occupied less time than did the journey to Kamchatka.
(D) It marked Russia’s most successful attempt to expand its territory beyond its official borders.
(E) It was less dangerous but scientifically more important than the journey to Kamchatka.

14 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

With respect to Georg Steller, which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?

(A) Although he did nothing exceptional during the journey across Siberia, he became the hero of the second part of the expedition.
(B) Although many expedition members profoundly disliked him, nearly 50 of them survived because of his efforts.
(C) Although more famous as a doctor during his lifetime, nowadays he is remembered principally as a naturalist.
(D) Although he considered himself superior to the crew of the ship on which he sailed, he treated Vitus Bering as an equal.
(E) Descendants of the sea lions that he released on the shore of the Columbia River still live in that region.

15 – (FGV-2019-EBAPE-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)

The information in the article most supports which of the following statements?

(A) It is only recently that Georg Steller has been given credit for his important contributions to the expedition.
(B) Georg Steller was a difficult man who gave medical treatment to his shipmates more out of a sense of duty than out of humanitarian concern.
(C) If the sailors had not been marooned on the island mentioned in the last paragraph, they would not have contracted scurvy.
(D) If the island mentioned in the last paragraph had been inhabited by indigenous people, they would have shown the sailors how to avoid scurvy.
(E) It is reasonable to assume that in successfully treating numerous shipmates for scurvy, Georg Steller used herbs that supplied vitamin C.