Powered By Blogger

domingo, 16 de dezembro de 2012

AFA – 1998 – CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF – LÍNGUA INGLESA – CURSO DE FORMAÇÃO DE OFICIAIS (Aviador/Infantaria/Intendente) – ACADEMIA DA FORÇA AÉREA – PROVA COM GABARITO.

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESAAFA-1998-CFOAV/CFOINT/CFOINF.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 16 Multiple Choice Questions / 4 Options Each Question.
 PROVA:

1 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Only one of the words from the item has O with the sound /ou/. Which is this word ?

a) lover
b) cover
c) clover
d) discover
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - FONÉTICA:

02 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Every word in this item, except one, rhymes with weak. Identify this word in which the EA sounds like /ei/.

a) leak
b) beak
c) steak
d) peaky
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - FONÉTICA:

03 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the following text:

And the World Cup is ________ from a global economic perspective. It generates ________ of $ 428 million for sponsor rights and $ 450 million for TV rights. Licensed merchandise _______ are projected at $ 1.2 million.

a) big / taxis / sells
b) huge / fees / sales
c) huge / rates / sizes
d) gigantic / changes / prices
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

04 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Choose the correct alternative.

The ship struck an iceberg, which tore a huge hole in _______ side.

a) its
b) his
c) her
d) their
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A/C 
TÓPICO - ADJETIVO POSSESSIVO :

05 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

“(...) still in the doorway, I heard a mission bell and I was thinking ______ this could be heaven or this could be hell.”

a) with me
b) of myself
c) to myself
d) about my own
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

06 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

The doctor advised her ______ while pregnant. 

a) stops to smoke
b) to stop smoking
c) to stop to smoke
d) stopping smoking
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - TO STOP SMOKING - PARAR DE FAZER ALGO :

07 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Read the text below:

Paul McCartney eulogized his wife, Linda, before more than 700 mourners - including Sting, Elton John, and former Beatles George Harrison and Ringo Starr - at a memorial service Monday evening at a West End church. “She was my girlfriend. I lost my girlfriend. I still can’t believe it, but it’s true. I have to believe it.” McCartney said Linda, 56, died of breast cancer in April. Observe the underlined words.

The pronoun IT refers to:

a) I have to believe.
b) I still can’t believe.
c) I lost my girlfriend.
d) She was my girlfriend.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

08 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Choose the WRONG comparison.

a) The more he thinks, the more he smokes.
b) The most he has got, the more he wants to get.
c) The diamond was worth more than its high price.
d) As the time went by she became more and more beautiful. 
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

Based on the text below answer questions 9 and 10.

“Defense Secretary William Cohen refused Monday to segregate male and female recruits in Army, Navy and Air Force training camps. After nearly six months of review, Cohen announced training the sexes together from the start __(I)__ prepare troops to work together later.__(II)__ 14%__(II)__ the force female, “we cannot run a military today __(II)__ women, ”Cohen said.”

09 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Choose an alternative to complete blank number (I) on the text.

a) was a good way to
b) were better ways to
c) was the best way for
d) were the best way to
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

10 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the blank marked with number (II) with prepositions:

a) at / in / on
b) with / from / over
c) with / of / without
d) both / in / without
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

11 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

This hot weather has affected my ___________. 

a) concentrated ability
b) ability concentrating
c) ability concentration
d) ability to concentrate
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

12 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the text.

“Airbus’ success _______ its US competitors and could cause a bitter transatlantic trade war. Jean Pierson ______ like a true capitalist. “We are in this business to build aircraft and make money,” _______ the head of Airbus Industrie”.

a) worry / to talk / say
b) worries / talks / says
c) has worried / talks / to say
d) has been worrying / talking / saying
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :
 
13 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the text.

“Of course, they are no angels, but they __________ us pretty well and they ________ to kill us, like the Russian.” (Yelena Kapran, one of the hundreds of Russian civilians taken hostage in Budyonnovsk, after her release by Chechen Guerrillas.)

a) cared / attacked
b) treated / didn’t try
c) haven’t treated / haven’t tried
d) have worked / haven’t shooted
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

14 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the text.

“City residents tired of noisy car alarms that go off at all hours of the night ________ this: an auto-security system that uses smoke, not noise. Called the Dragon Vehicle Defense Machine, it ________ robbery by filling the car with a cloud of smoke so dense that the thief can’t see. It ________ at car stores in June. Cost 35 dollars.”

a) love / will prevent / is
b) will love / prevents / will be
c) won’t love / is preventing / won’t be
d) loving / is going to prevent / is being
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

15 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the text.

“Mr. Brooks _______ well since last year and _______ help from any doctor until he _______ at the dinner party.”

a) had felt / had sought / fainted
b) hasn’t felt / as sought / has faint
c) hasn’t felt / hasn’t sought / fainted
d) had felt / hadn’t sought / had been fainting
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

16 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

The passive voice is correct in:

I- 719.521 firearms had been imported by the USA since 1991.

II- 719.521 firearms were imported by the USA in 1991.

III- 719.521 firearms have been imported by the USA since 1991.

IV- 719.521 firearms have being imported by the USA in 1991. 

a) all sentences above
b) sentences I and II only
c) numbers I, II and III only
d) numbers II, III and IV only
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

17 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Use the right tense of the verbs in parenthesis to complete the text below:

“The comic-book Superman _____ (to die) about three years ago _____ (to kill) in a colossal fight with an alien archfiend named Doomsday. Seven issues later he _____ (to be) back in action, resurrected by an artist’s ink and imagination. If only silver-screen Superman Christopher Reeve could be as lucky. Reeve, 42, _____ (to lie) last week in a Virginia hospital, paralyzed and breathing only with help of a respirator after he _____ (to injure) himself in an equestrian competition over the holiday weekend.”

a) died / killed / was / lay / injured
b) died / killed / was / lied / injuring
c) has died / killing / is / lied / injured
d) died / killed / has been / lied / injured
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

18 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the text below.

“A bright light _____ the plane”, _____ Lt. Col. Paul Tibbets, the pilot of the Enola Gay, the B-29 that _____ the first atomic bomb. “We _____ back to look at Hiroshima. The city was hidden by that awful... cloud boiling up mushrooming.”

a) firing / told / made / went
b) filled / wrote / dropped / turned
c) shone / said / exploded / come
d) fired / described / dropped / got 
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

19 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the text below.

“We _______ you today which players will start the game against Scotland. We _______ a secret as long as we can,” said Brazilian soccer team’s coach Zagallo when asked about Brazil’s line-up.

a) told / were keeping
b) will not tell / might keep
c) had told / are going to keep
d) are not going to tell / will keep
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

Based on the text below, answer questions from 20 to 24.

In Masai culture, when you really want to honor a woman, you refer to her as the mother of her oldest daughter. So last week, when a group of Masai schoolgirls in northern Tanzania held up a sign saying KARIBU MAMA CHELSEA, it __(I)__ more than just “Welcome Chelsea’s mom”. Hillary and Chelsea Clinton, on a good-will tour trip of several African countries, understood the compliment. They also understood that the sheltered First Daughter is developing a fan club of her own. Mrs. Clinton quickly noted that the Masai girls __(II)__ to someone “more active than her mother,” and Chelsea took floor with ease. Asked about the problem of American youth, she mentioned the drug abuse and the ”hopelessness and cynicism” that plague many of her fellow teenagers. “The solutions ultimately have to come from the youth people themselves,” Chelsea concluded confidently. “We are the future, and we make of our future what we make of it.”

20 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

The verbal form to complete blank (I) is:

a) means
b) meant
c) will mean
d) has meant
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

21 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

The blank (II) is going to be filled with:

a) may enjoy talking
b) might enjoy talking
c) may to enjoy talking
d) might enjoyed to talk
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

22 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

The honor to a woman is to

a) refer to the daughter of her mother’s.
b) have the same of her daughter’s name.
c) be referred to as her daughter’s mother.
d) be called by the name of her daughter’s.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

23 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

A lot of young people in the USA

a) believe in the future with great hope.
b) are drug addicted and feel little hope.
c) will follow Chelsea’s solutions themselves.
d) believe that a plague will get the teenagers.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

24 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

In the text Chelsea:

I- uses the floor to sit down.

II- made many questions about the problems in the USA.

III- creates a shelter in a fan club of her own.

IV- was asked about young Americans’ problems.

V- said the Clintons can make the future.

a) Only one sentence is true.
b) Only two sentences are true.
c) Only two sentences are false.
d) Four of the sentences are true.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

25 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Considering that the papers were locked in the desk we can say that:

I- She locked up the papers in the desk.

II- She locked the papers up in the desk.

III- She locked up them in the desk.

IV- She locked them up in the desk.

V- She locked up in the desk the papers

a) All the sentences are correct.
b) Only two sentences are correct.
c) Only four sentences are correct.
d) Only three sentences are correct.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

26 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Choose the best structured sentence.

a) Never I have a cigarette before breakfast.
b) Before breakfast I have never a cigarette.
c) I never have a cigarette before breakfast.
d) Never before breakfast I have a cigarette.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

27 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Considering the sentences below mark the correct alternative.

I - The librarian recommended that he return the book sooner. 

II - What does he suggest that John do?

III - Perhaps the soldier wants to visit the museum.

IV- It is necessary that the lady see a doctor at once.

a) Only number III is correct.
b) All of them are not correct.
c) All these sentences are right.
d) Only numbers I and II are right.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - MODO SUBJUNTIVO - THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD  :

I - The librarian recommended that he return the book sooner. – O bibliotecário recomendou que ele devolvesse o livro mais cedo. (o verbo "recommended" exige o verbo "return" na FORMA SUBJUNTIVA)

II - What does he suggest that John do? –  O que ele sugere que João faça? (o verbo "suggest" exige o verbo "do" na FORMA SUBJUNTIVA)

III - Perhaps the soldier wants to visit the museum. – Talvez o soldado queira visitar o museu. (FORMA NORMAL pois não há verbo atrativo de subjuntivo.)

IV- It is necessary that the lady see a doctor at once. – É necessário que a senhora procure um médico imediatamente. (o adjetivo "necessary" exige o verbo "see" na FORMA SUBJUNTIVA)

 08 (Oito) VERBOS QUE ATRAEM O SUBJUNTIVO: "to command," "to order," "to wish," "to suggest," "to recommend," "to ask," "to insist," and "to demand."
 Lembrar do mnemônico COWS-RAID.
https://www.grammar-monster.com

 05 (Cinco) VERBOS QUE ATRAEM O SUBJUNTIVO: important - necessary - imperative - crucial - essential.
 Lembrar do mnemônico IN-ICE.
https://www.grammar-monster.com

28 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Given:
- When can I see you again to decide this ?
- Meet me __________.

I. by the post office

II. tomorrow afternoon

III. at a quarter to four

IV. on the corner

V. sharp

Choose the correct alternative which orders the adverbial phrases to complete the meaning of the sentence above.

a) I - V - III - IV - II
b) III - IV - II - V - I
c) IV - I - III - V - II
d) III - II - V - I - IV
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

29 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

“Come back to me and you will really know what happiness can be.” means

a) if you come back to me, you will know what happiness can be.
b) if coming back makes you happy, it could bring happiness to me.
c) if you come back to me, you would know what happiness could be.
d) come back to me or else you won’t know what could be happiness.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  A 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

30 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Complete the text below.

“Deaths among men _______ took the wildly popular impotence pill Viagra have climbed to 16, including seven men ________ reportedly died during or after sex, the Food and Drug Administration said Tuesday. The FDA said there is no evidence ________ Viagra itself is dangerous, but again warned ________ nitroglycerin and the impotence drug are a dangerous mix.”

a) that / ∅ / who / that
b) who / which / ∅ / who
c) which / who / that / ∅
d) who / who / that / that
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

31– (AFA-CFO-1998)

Read the following text and choose the best construction that Johnny should use to make his friend obey him in a clear imperative form.

“Johnny had a very important test for a job the next day. If he passed, he’d get himself a good job and the chance to make some real good money. He had a notebook in his hands, but couldn’t concentrate because of the music coming from the next room. He’d been having this problem for almost two hours and he finally had enough of it.”

a) He walked up to the door, opened it and said: Can you turn for God’s sake this music off? You know I’m studying.
b) He walked up to the door, knocked, put his head inside and said: Why don’t you turn that off?
c) He walked up to the door, knocked, opened it and said: Turn off, I told you I had to study!
d) He walked up to the door, knocked, opened it and said: Would you mind turning the radio off? I need to study.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

32 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

My mother said to me : “Don’t leave your little brother alone!” 

The reported speech of the above sentence is:

a) My mother told my little brother not to be left alone.
b) My mother told me don’t leave my little brother alone.
c) My mother said me to not leave my little brother alone.
d) My mother told me not to leave my little brother alone. 
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

33 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

“(...) and so all the pilots decided not to fly that strange day, and it was extremely lucky because we had the most heavy thunderstorm of the year in that region.”

From the text we can say:

a) that strange day was extremely lucky, and all the pilots decided not to fly then.
b) all the pilots decided not to fly that day, which was extremely lucky for them.
c) all the pilots decided not to fly that day which was extremely lucky, in the year.
d) that lucky day which was extremely strange, had the most heavy thunder storm of the year.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

34 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Read the text below.

“For three and a half years, the Bosnian Serbs strangled Sarajevo in the belief that one day it would be theirs. From outlying districts of the city, they cut off electricity, gas and water and shelled the government, killing more than 10,000 people. Serb marksmen in the Grbavica district picked off hapless civilians a few hundred yards away on a thoroughfare that came to be known as Aleja Snajpera (Sniper Alley). Then, in Dayton, the Serbs lost it all. The peace agreement made Sarajevo a united city, ruled by Muslim-dominated-Bosnian government. Now, because they are Dayton’s biggest losers, the Serbs who besieged Sarajevo could become the biggest troublemakers as NATO troops try to enforce the peace agreement. Some Serbs promise to fight. Others say they will move away, leaving scorched earth behind them. “We will never live with Muslims,” vows Srpko Tobica, a 52- year-old soldier.”

Based on the text you can say that

a) Aleja Snajpera was known as a city after that.
b) the peace agreement besieged Sarajevo at all.
c) Sarajevo received its supplies from the Serb district.
d) some Serbs would burn the earth they were leaving.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

35 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Choose the correct alternative to complete the text. “In the beginning the Earth was inhabited only by men. At that time ________ gods Zeus and Prometheus had ________ quarrel because Zeus had hidden fire away from the men. However, Prometheus found it and took it back to Earth. Zeus got very angry with _________ Prometheus, and decided to take revenge on him and all men. So Zeus made the first woman - Pandora. He have her _________ small box, but told her not to open it. Pandora married the brother of Prometheus. One day she became curious about ________ box - too curious and opened it. And a great number of tiny monsters flew out. They were: hate, envy, anger, jealousy, revenge, selfishness, greed cruelty, disease, and all of the curses that often make us humans miserable. Pandora quickly closed the box, but it was too late. The only thing left in ________ box was hope.”

a) a / the / the / ∅ / a / a
b) ∅ / ∅ / a / the / ∅ / the
c) the / a / ∅ / a / the / the
d) ∅ / the / ∅ / a / a / the
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  C 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

36 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

“Can you tell a green field from a cold steel rail ?”

The question asks

a) if you can tell a story about the field and the cold steel rail.
b) if you are able to say how to go from the green field to the rail road.
c) if you know one difference between the green and the cold steel rail.
d) if you are able to see how different is a green field from a cold steel rail.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :


Read the text below and answer questions 37 to 40

LUSTING AFTER WALL STREET

If you have a big piece of your money in the stock market these days, you must feel the way Hugh Grant felt when he went for his famous drive down Sunset Boulevard: your brain is telling you to play it safe and go home, but your lust is so great that you can’t help yourself.

The lust we’re talking about, of course, is money lust. The market has risen so far so fast - the 30-stock Dow Jones industrial average up 23 percent for the year through Friday, the broader Standard & Poor’s 500 up 22 percent - that almost anyone who’s been in the market has made a ton of money this year. Including dividends, the gains through last Friday work out a rate of around 45 percent a year. If things get a little hotter, 1995 could become the best year in market history, topping the sap’s 53 percent return in 1993. This kind of thing makes investors with a sense of history very jumpy, because it’s too good to last. You’re afraid to pull your money out of the market and miss the rest of the fun, but you’re also afraid of getting caught with your money exposed if the market crashes. You don’t dare be in the stock market at these prices, but you don’t dare not be in. What’s a greedy investors to do? 

The short answer: no one knows. Even though stock prices are very high by important standards like dividends, the market isn’t necessarily heading for a fall. But there are warning flags flying. The two most worrisome signals: dividends are at their lowest level relative to stock prices in at last 70 years, and the four most dangerous words in finance, “This time it’s different,” are abroad in the land.

Dividends matter because they have historically accounted for almost half of investors’ returns. If you own stocks, you make money from price increases and from dividends. If dividends are lower than usual, then stock prices have to rise more than usual for you to make your normal return.

37 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

Through the comparison with Hugh Grant the text tells us that the desire to invest in the stock market has become

a) famous.
b) charming.
c) profitable.
d) irresistible.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

38 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

The market results have been
a) scary.
b) terrific.
c) terrible.
d) reasonable.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

39 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

What’s investor’s biggest doubt?

a) When they should crash.
b) What they should invest in.
c) The average of the Dow Jones rates.
d) To leave capital in or out of the market.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  D 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR :

40 – (AFA-CFO-1998)

What factors are an alert that the market may be going down?

a) investors are greed and stock prices are very high this time. b) dividends aren’t high and investors’ belief that “this time it’s different”.
c) stock prices are very high and investors’ belief that “this time it’s different”.
d) dividends are lower than 70 years ago and investors’ belief that “this time it’s different”.
 👍  Comentários e Gabarito  B 
TÓPICO - GRAMMAR : 

PAS 1 UnB – Subprograma 2005 – 1ª Etapa – Universidade de Brasília – COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

www.inglesparaconcursos.blog.br

❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
  UnB-PROCESSO SELETIVO-SUBPROGRAMA 2005-PROGRAMA DE AVALIAÇÃO SERIADO-1ª ETAPA-UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA-Data de Aplicação 04/12/2005.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
 15 True False Questions.


 PROVA:
 TRADUÇÃO DA CITAÇÃO:
  • “I want to know God’s thoughts... the rest are details.”
  • Quero conhecer os pensamentos de Deus... o resto são detalhes.
 QUESTIONÁRIOBased on the quotation above, it can be said that
Com base na citação acima, pode-se dizer que
16 God’s thought is all one needs to know.
>> ERRADOO pensamento de Deus é tudo o que precisamos saber.
17 if you know God’s thoughts, you can forget the rest.
>> ERRADOse você conhece os pensamentos de Deus, você pode esquecer o resto.
18 God’s thoughts were unknown to Einstein.
>> CORRETOOs pensamentos de Deus eram desconhecidos para Einstein.

 TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:
The nature of science and scientific theories
A natureza da ciência e das teorias científicas
Science is a method of explaining the natural world.
A ciência é um método de explicação do mundo natural.
It assumes that if you can observe or measure anything, it is amenable to scientific investigation.
Ela pressupõe que, se você puder observar ou medir alguma coisa, ela será passível de investigação científica.
Science also assumes that the universe operates according to regularities which scientific investigations can discover and explain.
A ciência também pressupõe que o universo funciona de acordo com regularidades que as investigações científicas podem descobrir e explicar.
The testing of various explanations of natural phenomena for their consistency with empirical data is an essential part of the methodology of science.
O teste de várias explicações dos fenômenos naturais quanto à sua consistência com os dados empíricos é uma parte essencial da metodologia da ciência.
Explanations that are not consistent with empirical evidence or cannot be tested empirically are not a part of science.
Explicações que não são consistentes com a evidência empírica ou que não podem ser testadas empiricamente não fazem parte da ciência. 
As a result, explanations of natural phenomena that are not based on evidence but on myths, personal beliefs, religious values, and superstitions are not scientific.
Como resultado, as explicações dos fenômenos naturais que não se baseiam em evidências, mas em mitos, crenças pessoais, valores religiosos e superstições não são científicas. 
Furthermore, because science is limited to explanations of natural phenomena through the use of empirical evidence, it cannot provide religious or ultimate explanations.
Além disso, porque a ciência está limitada a explicações dos fenômenos naturais através do uso de evidências empíricas, não pode fornecer explicações religiosas ou definitivas.

*1 amenable: that can be tested by something. receptivo: que pode ser testado por alguma coisa.
*2 empirical: based on what is experienced or seen, rather than on theory. empírico: baseado no que é vivenciado ou visto, e não na teoria.
  • Internet: <http://www.nsta.org> (with adaptations).
 QUESTIONÁRIOAccording to the text above, it can be deduced that
19 science is particularly concerned with abstract ideas.
>> ERRADOA ciência está particularmente preocupada com as ideias abstratas.
20 explanations of the natural world must be consistent with empirical evidence so that they can be considered scientific.
>> CORRETOexplicações do mundo natural devem ser consistentes com evidências empíricas para que possam ser consideradas científicas.
21 everything in the natural world can be measured by scientific method.
>> ERRADOtudo no mundo natural pode ser medido por métodos científicos.
22 science and religion take into consideration the universe.
>> CORRETOa ciência e a religião têm em conta o universo.

In the text,
23 “also” (R.3) means in addition.
>> CORRETO“também” (R. 3) significa para além disso.
24 “assumes” (R.3) can be correctly replaced by proves.
>> ERRADO“assume” (R. 3) pode ser corretamente substituído por prova.
25 “their” (R.6) refers to “The testing” (R.5).
>> ERRADO“seu” (R. 6) refere-se a “O teste” (R. 5).
26 “phenomena” (R.10) is a plural form.
>> CORRETO“fenómenos” (R. 10) é uma forma plural.

 TRADUÇÃO DO TEXTO:
Eureka! – the birth of science
Eureca! – o nascimento da ciência
>> 1º PARÁGRAFO:
That man ever managed to develop a ‘scientific’ attitude to the natural world is one of the true wonders of human thought. And answering the question of where and how this attitude began to be noticed can help us better understand the world we live in and the science that governs it.
Que o homem tenha conseguido desenvolver uma atitude “científica” em relação ao mundo natural é uma das verdadeiras maravilhas do pensamento humano. E responder à questão de onde e como é que esta atitude começou a ser notada pode ajudar-nos a compreender melhor o mundo em que vivemos e a ciência que o rege.
>> 2º PARÁGRAFO:
Eureka! shows that science proper began with the Greeks. Disciplines as diverse as Medicine, Biology, Engineering, Mathematics and Cosmology all have their roots in ancient Greece. Plato, Aristotle, Pythagoras, Archimedes and Hippocrates were among its stars — master architects all of modern, as well as ancient, science. But what lay behind this colossal eruption of scientific activity?
Eureca! mostra que a ciência propriamente dita começou com os gregos. Disciplinas tão diversas como a Medicina, a Biologia, a Engenharia, a Matemática e a Cosmologia têm as suas raízes na Grécia antiga. Platão, Aristóteles, Pitágoras, Arquimedes e Hipócrates estavam entre as suas estrelas — mestres arquitetos de toda a ciência moderna e antiga. Mas o que está por detrás desta erupção colossal de atividade científica?
>> 3º PARÁGRAFO:
Free from intellectual and religious dogma, the Greeks rejected explanation in terms of myths and capricious gods, and, in distinguishing between the natural and the supernatural, they were the first to discover nature. They began to develop and test new theories, leading to a rapid increase in the sophistication of knowledge, and ultimately to an awareness of the distinction between science and technology.
Livres de dogmas intelectuais e religiosos, os gregos rejeitavam as explicações em termos de mitos e deuses caprichosos e, ao distinguirem entre o natural e o sobrenatural, foram os primeiros a descobrir a natureza. Começaram a desenvolver e a testar novas teorias, levando a um rápido aumento da sofisticação do conhecimento e, finalmente, à consciencialização da distinção entre ciência e tecnologia.
  • Internet: <http://www.iconbooks.co.uk> (with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
27 It is correct to say that the fundamentals of science started with the Greeks.
>> CORRETOÉ correto afirmar que os fundamentos da ciência começaram com os gregos.
28 Modern science has nothing to do with the classical scientific tradition.
>> ERRADOA ciência moderna nada tem a ver com a tradição científica clássica.
29 Some ancient people believed in myths.
>> CORRETOAlguns povos antigos acreditavam nos mitos.
30 The Greeks kept science and religion apart.
>> CORRETOOs gregos mantinham a ciência e a religião separadas.

COMO SE DIZ

Fonte do cartoon:www.cartoonstoc
01 – "SEGUIR EM FRENTE" (quando damos direções "giving directions")
(1) Go straight ahead
(2) Go straight!
      Comentários      :
>> Contexto: quando damos direções "giving directions"
(1) Go straight! (Siga em frente,Vai reto, Vai em frente!)(Contexto: quando damos direções "giving directions")
(2) Go straight ahead! (Siga em frente,Vai reto, Vai em frente!)(Contexto: quando damos direções "giving directions")
(3) Go ahead! 
>> "Go ahead!"é usado nos seguintes contextos:
>>DURANTE UMA CONVERSA:
  • Go ahead! ("É a sua vez." ou "Fale primeiro")
>>PERMISSÃO PARA SENTAR-SE:
  • Jon: Can I sit here? (Posso sentar aqui?)
  • Rachel: Go ahead! (Sim, você pode!)
>>NO TRÂNSITO (para dar a vez para outro motorista):
  • Go ahead! ("É a sua vez." ou "Vai primeiro")
>>SEGUIR EM FRENTE COM UM PROJETO, UM PLANO:
  • We're going to go ahead with this project!
  • Vamos seguir em frente com esse projeto!
  • We're going to go ahead with our plan!
  • Vamos seguir em frente com nosso plano!
(4) Go ahead straight! (não é usado em nenhum contexto, UM NATIVO não vai entender.) 

02 – "SEGUIR EM FRENTE":
(1) Keep at it! Don't Give up!
(2) Go for it(Siga em frente com essa ideia).
(3) We're going to move forward!
(4) We're going to forge forward!
      Comentários     :
(1) Keep at it! Don't Give up! (Siga em frente, Não desista!).(Contexto: depois de um fracasso pessoal e queremos levantar o espírito da pessoa )
(2) Go for it(Siga em frente com essa ideia).(Contexto: quando queremos incentivar a ideia de alguém)
(3) We're going to move forward! (Vamos seguir em frente)(Contexto: depois de um fracasso profissional ou empresarial)
(4) We're going to forge forward! (Vamos seguir em frente)(Contexto: depois de um fracasso profissional ou empresarial)

03 – "SEGUIR EM FRENTE":
(1) I have to carry on
(2) Carry on, my wayword son! 
(3) I have to get on with my life
(4) It's hard to go on!
      Comentários    :
(1) I have to carry on(Eu tenho que seguir em frente.).(Contexto: depois de um tragédia familiar, perda de uma pessoa amada, uma pessoa muito importante na sua vida)
(2) Carry on, my wayword son! (Music: "Carry On Wayward Son" - Kansas)
(3) I have to get on with my life(Eu tenho que seguir em frente.).(Contexto: depois de um tragédia familiar, perda de uma pessoa amada, uma pessoa muito importante na sua vida)
(4) It's hard to go on(É difícil seguir em frente.).(Contexto: depois de um término de relacionamento.)

04 – "SEGUIR EM FRENTE":
(1) Keep up the good work! 
(2) Keep it up!
(3) We're gonna keep at it
(4) We're gonna work through this bad phase.
(5) We're gonna push through this bad phase.
      Comentários      
  • Usamos "Keep up the good work! ", em contexto onde queremos incentivar alguém a continuar com o bom trabalho dele.
(2) Keep it up("Siga em frente!")
  • Usamos "Keep up the good work! ", em contexto onde queremos incentivar alguém a continuar com o bom trabalho dele.
(3) We're gonna keep at it(Vamos seguir em frente!).
  • Usamos "Keep up the good work! ", em contexto quando passamos por uma fase ruim no trabalho, as vendas estão caindo, o time está perdendo.
(4) We're gonna work through this bad phase.
  • Usamos "work through this bad phase! ", em contexto quando passamos por uma fase ruim no trabalho, as vendas estão caindo, o time está perdendo.
(5) We're gonna push through this bad phase.(Contexto: quando passamos por uma fase ruim no trabalho, as vendas estão caindo, o time está perdendo)

05 – "ESTAR UM POUCO FRIO", "ESTAR MEIO FRIO":
(1) It's kind of cold today!
"Está um pouco frio hoje!" ou "Está meio frio hoje!"
(2) It's kind of hot today!
"Está um pouco quente hoje!" ou "Está meio quente hoje!"
(3) It's sort of cold today!
"Está um pouco frio hoje!" ou "Está meio frio hoje!"
(4) It's sort of hot today!
"Está um pouco quente hoje!" ou "Está meio quente hoje!"

06 – "ESTAR UM POUCO CARO ", "ESTAR MEIO CARO":
(1) It's kind of expensive!
Está um pouco caro!" ou "Está meio caro;"

07 – "ANDAR MEIO (A) ABORRECIDO(A)":
(1) I'm kind of annoyed lately.
Eu ando meio aborrecido ultimamente.

08 – "MEIO BONITINHA, MEIO BONITINHO":
(1) She's kind of beautiful.
Ela é meio lindinha (ou bonitinha).
(2) He's kind of handsome.
Ela é meio bonitinho.

09 – "MAIS OU MENOS" como resposta curta (referindo-se a verbo):
(1) Do you speak Spanish? Kind of.
Você fala espanhol? Mais ou menos.
(2) Do you know how to cook? Kind of.
Você sabe cozinhar? Mais ou menos.
(3) Did you like the movie? Kind of.
Você gostou do filme? Mais ou menos.

10 – "EU MEIO QUE ACHO" (em oração completa, antes de um verbo).
(1) I kind of think this guy is making fun of me.
Eu 'meio que acho' que esse cara está me zoando.
* "make fun of" - rir de alguém, zoar alguém.
(2) kind of think this food isn't good.
Eu meio que acho que essa comida não é muito boa.

11 – "EU GOSTO MAIS OU MENOS DE":
(1) I kind of like pizza.
Eu gosto de pizza mais ou ou menos.

12 – "QUE TIPO DE ALGUMA COISA ...?" → KIND OF / TYPE OF:
(1) What kind of food do you like?
Que tipo de comida você gosta?
(2) What type of food do you like?
Que tipo de comida você gosta?
(3) What kind of vacation do you like?
Que tipo de férias/viagem você gosta?

13 – IDEIA DE "MAIS OU MENOS" (referindo-se a números) → ABOUT / AROUND / APPROXIMATELY:
(1) It's about 10am.
São mais ou menos 10 horas.
(2) It's around 10am.
São mais ou menos 10 horas.
(3) It's approximately 10am.
"São mais ou menos 10 horas." ou "São aproximadamente 10h."
(4) I'll be there around four o'clock.
"Estarei aí mais ou menos quatro horas." OU "Estarei aí por volta das quatro horas."
(5) He makes approximately $60,000 a year.
"Ele ganha aproximadamente 60.000 dólares por ano." OU "Ele ganha aproximadamente 60.000 dólares por ano."

14 – IDEIA (negativa) DE "TÊM POUCOS, TÊM POUCAS"  → THERE AREN'T:
(1) There aren't many people like you.
Têm poucas pessoas iguais a você.
(2) There aren't a lot of people like you.
Têm poucas pessoas iguais a você.

15 – IDEIA (neutra) DE "ALGUNS"(não muitos, mas existem) → "A FEW":
(1) A few students solved that Math problem.
Alguns alunos resolveram esse problema de matemática.
(2) I have a few good students.
Tenho alguns bons alunos.

16 – IDEIA DE "POUQUÍSSIMOS, POUQUÍSSIMAS" → VERY FEW:
(1) The town is very quiet at night. Very few people go out.
A cidade é muito tranquila à noite. Pouquíssimas pessoas saem.

17 – IDEIA DE "POUQUÍSSIMO, POUQUÍSSIMA" → VERY LITTLE:
(1) I drink very little coffee. I prefer tea.
Bebo pouquíssimo café. Eu prefiro chá.
(2) The weather here is very dry in summer. There is very little rain.
O clima aqui é muito seco no verão. Tem pouquíssima chuva.

18 – IDEIA DE "IR A UM LUGAR E PEGAR (comprar) ALGO→ GO GET:
(1) I'm going to get something at the supermarket.
Vou pegar(=comprar) algo no supermercado.
(2) Rachel, can you get some food at the restaurant?
Rachel, você pode pegar(=comprar) comida no restaurante?

19 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR"(obter) O CONTATO DE ALGUÉM → GET SOMEBODY'S CONTACT NUMBER:
(1) Can I get Rachel's contact number.
Posso pegar o contato da Rachel.
(2) Can I get his phone number?
Posso pegar o contato dele?

20 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR INFORMAÇÕES" → GET SOME  INFORMATION:
(1) Can I get some information about the course?
Posso pegar (obter) o contato da Rachel.
(2) Can I get his phone number?
Posso pegar(obter) algumas informações sobre o curso?

21 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR ALGUÉM" → GET SOMEONE:
(1) She's so hot, I want to get her.
Que delícia, eu quero pegá-la.
(2) I want to get that hot chick!
Eu quero pegar aquela gata!

22 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR UMA COISA EM MOVIMENTO" → CATCH SOMETHING:
(1) Catch the fish!
Pega o peixe!
(2) Did you catch the fish?
Você pegou o peixe?
(3) My friend didn't catch the fish. He didn't catch anything. I caught the fish.
Meu amigo não pegou o peixe. Ele não pegou nada. Eu peguei o peixe.
(4) Our cat wants to catch birds and mice.
Nosso gato quer pegar pássaros e ratos.

23 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR UMA COISA QUE FOI JOGADA NO AR" → CATCH SOMETHING:
(1) He caught the ball.
Ele pegou a bola.

24 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR (CONTRAIR) UMA DOENÇA" → CATCH:
(1) I caught a cold two months ago.
Peguei um resfriado há dois meses.
(2) Vaccines stop us from catching certain diseases.
As vacinas nos impedem de contrair certas doenças.

25 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR (CAPTURAR, PRENDER) CRIMINOSO" → CATCH:
(1) to catch corporate criminals - capturar criminosos corporativos.
Peguei um resfriado há dois meses.
(2) The police caught the serial killer yesterday.
A polícia prendeu o serial killer ontem.

26 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR UMA CHUVA" → GET CATCH IN THE RAIN:
(1) I got caught in the rain yesterday!
Peguei um resfriado há dois meses.

27 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR (buscar) ALGUÉM EM ALGUM LUGAR)" → PICK SOMEONE UP:
(1) Rachel always pick him up at thje airport.
Rachel sempre o pega no aeroporto.
(2) I went to pick up my kids at school.
Fui pegar meus filhos na escola.

28 – IDEIA DE "PEGAR UMA RECEITA (médica)" → PICK UP:
(1) I have to go to the drugstore to pick up my prescription.
Tenho que ir à farmácia para pegar minha receita médica.