PUC/RS – 2017 – VESTIBULAR INVERNO – LÍNGUA INGLESA – PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL – PROVA COM GABARITO.

Welcome back to another post!

➧ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA: PUC/RS-2014-VESTIBULAR-VERÃO.

➧ PADRÃO/COMPOSIÇÃO DA PROVA: 10 Questões do tipo (A,B,C,D,E).

➧ GABARITO:

01-B, 02-E, 03-A, 04-E, 05-D

06-C, 07-B, 08-E, 09-D, 10-B

➧ VOCABULÁRIO:

• [to cast = emit = irradiate(íuRêiriêitch) = emitir, irradiar]

• [the shadows they cast = que elas emitiam]
• [to spot = notice(Nôudês) = observe = perceber, observar]

• [to warm = aquecer]

• [to raise = levantar, elevar, aumentar]

• [to thrill = emocionar]
• [has raised hopes = levantou esperanças]

• [to look like = parecer]

• [to switch on = ligar]

• [to name after = batizar]

• [a star they named after = uma estrela que batizaram]

• [huddle = amontoado]

• [Earth-like planets = Planetas semelhantes à Terra]

• [the Milky Way = a via Láctea]

• [if there is = se há]

➧ PROVA:

➧ TEXT I: Responder às questões 01 a 05 com base no texto 1.

Thrilling Discovery of Seven Earth-sized Planets

Orbiting Nearby Star

Ian Sample Science editor-published on Wed. 22 Feb 2017

A huddle of seven worlds, all close in size to Earth, and perhaps warm enough for water and the life it can sustain, has been spotted around a small, faint star in the constellation of Aquarius. The discovery, which has thrilled astronomers, has raised hopes that the hunt for alien life could start much sooner than previously thought. The next generation of telescopes are due to switch on in the next decade. Astronomers reported what looked like three planets in orbit around Trappist-1, a star they named after the Trappist robotic telescope in the Chilean desert that first caught sight of the alien worlds. The telescope did not see the planets directly, but recorded the shadows they cast as they crossed the face of the star.

It is the first time that so many Earth-sized planets have been found in orbit around the same star, an unexpected haul that suggests the Milky Way may be teeming with worlds that, in size and firmness underfoot at least, resemble our own rocky home. Researchers hope to know if there is life on the planets within a decade. Ignas Snellen, an astrophysicist at the Leiden Observatory in the Netherlands, who was not involved in the study, said the findings show that Earth-like planets must be extremely common. "This is really something new," he said. "When they started this search several years ago, I really thought it was a waste of time._________."

Astronomers are now focusing on ______ the planets have atmospheres.  If they do, they could reveal the first hints of life on the surfaces below. The Hubble telescope could detect methane and water in the alien air, but both can be produced without life. David Charbonneau, a professor of astronomy at Harvard University who was also not involved in the ___ study, said a growing number of astronomers were getting excited about what he called “the M-dwarf opportunity" – the study of planets around such faint dwarf stars. "It’s a fast track approach to looking for life ___ the solar system,” he said.

Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/22/

thrilling-discovery-of-seven-earth-sized-planets-discoveredorbiting-trappist-1-star

01 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

The last sentence of the second paragraph was taken out of the text. The alternative below which presents the right sentence is

A) Thank God I was wise.
B) I was very, very wrong.
C) They told me to give up.
D) In fact, I was auspicious.
E) I can’t say I was mistaken.

➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: alguém imaginou algo de uma forma mas depois percebeu que estava enganado ➝ I was very, very wrong.
"[...] When they started this search several years ago, I really thought it was a waste of time. I was very, very wrong."
(Quando eles começaram essa busca há vários anos, eu realmente achei que era uma perda de tempo. I was very, very wrong.)

02 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

The words that complete the blanks in the third paragraph are, respectively:

A) if – latter – besides
B) where – latest – over
C) where – last – beyond
D) whether – latter – besides
E) whether – latest – beyond

➦1ª lacuna:
"[...] Astronomers are now focusing on whether the planets have atmospheres."
(Os astrônomos estão agora focando em saber se os planetas têm atmosferas.)
➦2ª lacuna:
"[...] David Charbonneau, a professor of astronomy at Harvard University who was also not involved in the latest study, said a growing number of astronomers were getting excited about what he called “the M-dwarf opportunity" – the study of planets around such faint dwarf stars."
(David Charbonneau, professor de astronomia na Universidade de Harvard e que também não participou do último estudo, disse que um número crescente de astrônomos estava animado com o que ele chamou de "oportunidade do M-anão" - o estudo de planetas em volta de tais estrelas anãs.)
➦3ª lacuna:
"[...] It’s a fast track approach to looking for life beyond the solar system."
(É uma abordagem rápida para procurar vida além do sistema solar)

➧ INSTRUCTION: Para responder à questão 03, considere as definições abaixo.

Which definitions stand for the meanings the words "faint"(line 03), "cast"(line 13) and "hints"(line 28) have in the text?
Faint:

1. barely perceptible

2. possible but unlikely

3. lose consciousness for a short time
Cast:

1. cause to appear on a surface
2. act of throwing something forcefully
3. arrange and present in a specified form or style
Hint:

1. small amount
2. slight indication of the existence of something
3. suggest something without plainly asking or saying it

03 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

The top-down sequence which shows the correct definitions for these words, in the text, is

A) 1 – 1 – 2
B) 1 – 2 – 2
C) 2 – 1 – 3
D) 2 – 3 – 1
E) 3 – 2 – 3

➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL de FAINT ➝ "quase imperceptível".
"[...] A huddle of seven worlds, all close in size to Earth, and perhaps warm enough for water and the life it can sustain, has been spotted around a small, faint star in the constellation of Aquarius."
(Um amontoado de sete mundos, todos de tamanho próximo à Terra, e talvez aquecidos o suficiente para a água e a vida que ela pode sustentar, foi visto ao redor de uma pequena e fraca estrela na constelação de Aquário.)
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL de CAST ➝ "gerar o aparecimento sobre uma superfície".
"[...] The telescope did not see the planets directly, but recorded the shadows they cast as they crossed the face of the star."
(O telescópio não viu os planetas diretamente, mas registrou as sombras que eles projetavam ao atravessar a face da estrela.)
➦ IDEIA CONTEXTUAL do HINT ➝ "leve indicação da existência de alguma coisa".
"[...] Astronomers are now focusing on whether the planets have atmospheres. If they do, they could reveal the first hints of life on the surfaces below."
(Os astrônomos estão agora se concentrando em saber se os planetas têm atmosferas. Se o fizerem, eles podem revelar os primeiros sinais de vida nas superfícies abaixo.)

04 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

The word "resemble", in

"…resemble our own rocky home.", line 18,

could be replaced, without a change in meaning, by

A) appear.
B) look after.
C) look as if.
D) remember.
E) remind us of.

*Alternativa (A): appear.(aparecer, surgir)
*Alternativa (B): look after.(cuidar de)
*Alternativa (C): look as if.(nos faz lembrar)
*Alternativa (D): remember.(nos faz lembrar)
*Alternativa (E): remind us of.(nos faz lembrar)

BIZU FEROZ: * look+adjetivo, look like+substantivo, look as if +oração.

➦Comentário sobre (C):
👲 A expressão "LOOK AS IF"(parecer) é usada no início de uma oração.
"It looks as if no ones here."
(Parece que mora aqui.)
* look+adjetivo, look like+substantivo, look as if +oração. 
➦ Comentário sobre (E):
IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: to resemble(assemelhar-se, parecer com) ➝ remind us of(nos faz lembrar).
"[...] It is the first time that so many Earth-sized planets have been found in orbit around the same star, an unexpected haul that suggests the Milky Way may be teeming with worlds that, in size and firmness underfoot at least, resemble our own rocky home."
(É a primeira vez que tantos planetas do tamanho da Terra foram encontrados em órbita em torno da mesma estrela, um inesperado impulso que sugere que a Via Láctea pode estar repleta de mundos que, pelo menos em tamanho e firmeza, parecem com nosso próprio lar rochoso.)
➦Comentário sobre (C):
👲 A expressão "LOOK AS IF"(parecer) é usada no início de uma oração.
"It looks as if no ones here."
(Parece que mora aqui.)
* look+adjetivo, look like+substantivo, look as if +oração. 

05 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Consider the statements below and mark T (true) or F (false) according to the text.

(  ) Ignas Snellen doubts Earth-like planets are highly common.

(  ) When the search began, Ignas Snellen found it a vain attempt.

(  ) Astronomers’ main goal at present is to find Earth-sized planets.

(  ) The Hubble telescope having detected methane and water in the alien air does not imply the existence of life.

The alternative that shows the top-down correct sequence for the sentences above is:

A) T – F – T – F
B) T – F – F – T
C) F – T – T – F
D) F – T – F – T
E) F – F – T – T

➧ INSTRUCTION: Leia as perguntas abaixo para responder à questão 06.

1. Which conditions are needed for other planets to have life?

2. How did astronomers feel about the discovery?

3. What is the name of the star in the constellation of Aquarius inspired by?

4. How far away is Trappist-1?

5. How long will it take until astronomers can assure that there is life on the planets?

06 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

The questions answered in the text are only

A) 1 and 4.
B) 3 and 5.
C) 1, 2 and 3.
D) 2, 3 and 4.
E) 1, 2, 4 and 5.

➦Question 1: Which conditions are needed for other planets to have life?
(Quais condições são necessárias para outros planetas terem vida?)
Resposta no texto:
"[...] A huddle of seven worlds, all close in size to Earth, and perhaps warm enough for water and the life it can sustain, has been spotted around a small, faint star in the constellation of Aquarius." 
➦Question 2: How did astronomers feel about the discovery?
(Como os astrônomos se sentiram sobre a descoberta?)
Resposta no texto:
"[...] The discovery, which has thrilled astronomers, has raised hopes that the hunt for alien life could start much sooner than previously thought."
(A descoberta, que emocionou os astrônomos, levantou esperanças de que a busca por vida alienígena poderia começar muito antes do que se pensava.)
➦Question 3: What is the name of the star in the constellation of Aquarius inspired by?
(Qual a inspiração para dar o nome à estrela na
constelação de Aquarius?)
Resposta no texto:
"[...] Astronomers reported what looked like three planets in orbit around Trappist-1, a star they named after the Trappist robotic telescope in the Chilean desert that first caught sight of the alien worlds."
(Os astrônomos relataram o que pareciam três planetas em órbita ao redor de Trappist-1, uma estrela que batizaram em homenagem ao telescópio robótico trapista no deserto chileno que primeiro avistou os mundos alienígenas.)

➧ INSTRUCTION: Responder às questões 07 a 09 com base no texto 2.

www.google.com.br/search?q=earth+spin+humor+planet

07 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

In text 2, the possessive adjective "its" refers to

A) each turn.
B) the planet.
C) the tiniest bit.
D) counterclockwise.
E) angular momentum.

➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL:
"Slowing its spin the tiniest bit"
(Retardando sua rotação um pouquinho)
Tradução(livre) do cartoon:
-What are you doing?
-Spinning counterclockwise.
(Girando no sentido anti-horário.)
-Each turn robs the planet of angular momentum.
-Slowing its spin the tiniest bit.
(Retardando sua rotação um pouquinho)
-Lenghtning the night, pushing back the dawn.
-Giving me a little more time here with you. 

08 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Some Latin or Greek nouns are kept the same in English. One example is the word “momentum”, in text 2. Many times the plural formation of these words do not follow the rules of the English grammar.

All alternatives below show words in the plural, EXCEPT

A) algae – bacilli
B) bases – nuclei
C) data – formulae
D) fungi – bacteria
E) analysis – stimulus

➦Plural de "analysis"(singular) ➝ "analyses"(plural).
➦Plural de "stimulus"(singular) ➝ "Stimuli"(plural).

09 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Observe the derivation process of the word "lengthen":
length(noun) ➝ lengthen(verb)
Which two verbs below have the same derivation process as the one described above?

A) soften – tighten
B) deepen – stiffen
C) thicken – brighten
D) frighten – strengthen
E) sharpen – straighten

➦ BIZU:
*fright(medo) ➝ frighten(amedrontar).
*strength(força)➝ strengthen(reforçar).

➧ INSTRUCTION: Considere os textos 1 and 2 para resolver a questão 10.

10 – (PUC/RS-2017-VESTIBULAR INVERNO)

Read the statements below and write

1. for text 1 only

2. for text 2 only

3. for both texts

(  ) the text cites a galaxy.

(  ) the text tackles issues regarding astrophysics.

(  ) the text reveals a major breakthrough in astronomy.

(  ) the text depicts someone engaged in a physical task.

The correct top-down sequence to fill in the brackets above is

A) 1 – 2 – 2 – 3
B) 1 – 3 – 1 – 2
C) 2 – 3 – 1 – 3
D) 3 – 1 – 2 – 2
E) 3 – 2 – 3 – 1