EXPRESSÃO IDIOMÁTICA – ALONG THE SAME LINES or ALONG THESE LINES–PUC-RIO-2019-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2 – LÍNGUA INGLESA – RESOLUÇÃO DE QUESTÃO.

Welcome back to another post!

• TEXTO - PUC-RIO-2019-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2:

Our fiction addiction: Why humans need stories

By David Robson

Although we have no firm evidence of storytelling before the advent of writing, we can assume that narratives have been central to human life for thousands of years. Cave paintings in France from 30,000 years ago appear to depict dramatic scenes that were probably accompanied by oral storytelling. Today, we may not gather around the camp fire, but the average adult is still thought to spend at least 6% of the waking day engrossed in fictional stories on our various screens.

From an evolutionary point of view, that would be an awful lot of time and energy to expend on pure escapism, but psychologists and literary theorists have now identified many potential benefits to this fiction addiction.

One common idea is that storytelling is a form of cognitive play that hones our minds, allowing us to simulate the world around us and imagine different strategies, particularly in social situations. “It teaches us about other people and it’s a practice in empathy and theory of mind,” says Joseph Carroll at the University of Missouri-St Louis.

Providing some evidence for this theory, brain scans have shown that reading or hearing stories activates various areas of the cortex that are known to be involved in social and emotional processing, and the more people read fiction, the easier they find it to empathise with other people.

Crucially, evolutionary psychologists believe that our prehistoric preoccupations still shape the form of the stories we enjoy. As humans evolved to live in bigger societies, for instance, we needed to learn how to cooperate, without being a ‘free rider’ who takes too much and gives nothing, or overbearing individuals abusing their dominance to the detriment of the group’s welfare. Our capacity for storytelling – and the tales we tell – may have therefore also evolved as a way of communicating the right social norms.

Along these lines, various studies have identified cooperation as a core theme in popular narratives across the world. The anthropologist Daniel Smith of University College London recently visited 18 groups of hunter-gatherers of the Philippines. He found nearly 80% of their tales concerned moral decision making and social dilemmas. Crucially, this then appeared to translate to their real-life behaviour; the groups that appeared to invest the most in storytelling also proved to be the most cooperative during various experimental tasks – exactly as the evolutionary theory would suggest.

(...)

Available at: <http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20180503-our-fi ction--addiction-why-humans-need-stories>. Retrieved on: 3 May 2018.Adapted.

01 – (PUC-RIO-2019-VESTIBULAR-GRUPO 2) 

In the fragment

“Along these lines, various studies have identified cooperation as a core theme in popular narratives across the world” (lines 39-41),

the expression “Along these lines”

can be replaced, without a change in meaning, by

(A) Similarly

(B) Definitely

(C) Meanwhile

(D) Nevertheless

(E) For that reason

Resposta :  A

 - Questão sobre EXPRESSÃO IDIOMÁTICA:

• ALONG THE SAME LINES / ALONG THESE LINES ( = SIMILARLY, ON THE SAME TOPIC) é uma expressão idiomática que você pode usar quando você está conversando com alguém sobre um determinado assunto e ai então você diz "ALONG THE SAME LINES..." que quer dizer, SIMILARMENTE..., APROXIMADAMENTE SIMILAR, DENTRO DA MESMA LÓGICA,  por exemplo, no texto:

• Well, that's along the same lines of what I have in mind for the new kitchen, but there are a few tweaks you need to make before it's right.  – Bem, isso está na mesma lógica do que tenho em mente para a nova cozinha, mas há alguns ajustes que você precisa fazer antes que esteja certo.

• RESOLUÇÃO RÁPIDA:

In the fragment

“Along these lines, various studies have identified cooperation as a core theme in popular narratives across the world” (lines 39-41),

the expression “Along these lines”

can be replaced, without a change in meaning, by

(A) Similarly

(B) Definitely (Com certeza)

(C) Meanwhile (Enquanto isso)

(D) Nevertheless (Mesmo assim)

(E) For that reason (Por isso)

➽ "ALONG THESE LINES or ALONG THE SAME LINES" significa "SIMILARMENTE, DENTRO DA MESMA LÓGICA, DENTRO DA MESMA LINHA DE RACIOCÍNIO".

- EXEMPLOS (PARA SEDIMENTAR VOCABULÁRIO) com a expressão ALONG THE SAME LINES:

• My father was a neurologist, and I always thought I would end up doing something along the same lines. So it surprised everyone when I ended up pursuing classical piano after high school. – Meu pai era neurologista e sempre pensei que acabaria fazendo algo similarmente. Então, surpreendeu a todos quando acabei estudando piano clássico depois do ensino médio.. [The Free Dictionary]

• My sister works in publishing, and I’m hoping to do something along the same lines. – Minha irmã trabalha com publicações e espero fazer algo similarmente. [Cambridge Dictionary]