VOCABULÁRIO – UNRAVELLING , BAMBOOZLED, LIFTED, PARTAKE, MENDACIOUS – PUC-RIO-2017-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS – LÍNGUA INGLESA – RESOLUÇÃO DA QUESTÃO Nº07.

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• TEXTO - PUC-RIO-2017-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS:

The politics of anger

The triumph of the Brexit campaign is a warning to the liberal international order

Many Brexiteers built their campaign on optimism. Outside the European Union, Britain would be free to open up to the world. But what secured their victory was anger.

Anger stirred up a winning turnout in the depressed, down-at-heel cities of England. Anger at immigration, globalisation, social liberalism and even feminism, polling shows, translated into a vote to reject the EU. As if victory were a licence to spread hatred, anger has since lashed Britain's streets with an outburst of racist abuse.

Across Western democracies, from the America of Donald Trump to the France of Marine Le Pen, large numbers of people are enraged. If they cannot find a voice within the mainstream, they will make themselves heard from without. Unless they believe that the global order works to their benefit, Brexit risks becoming just the start of an unravelling of globalisation and the prosperity it has created.

The rest of history

Today's crisis in liberalism - in the free-market, British sense - was born in 1989, out of the ashes of the Soviet Union. At the time the thinker Francis Fukuyama declared "the end of history", the moment when no ideology was left to challenge democracy, markets and global co-operation as a way of organising society. It was liberalism's greatest triumph, but it also engendered a narrow, technocratic politics obsessed by process. In the ensuing quarter-century the majority has prospered, but plenty of voters feel as if they have been left behind.

Their anger is justified. Proponents of globalisation, including this newspaper, must acknowledge that technocrats have made mistakes and ordinary people paid the price. The move to a flawed European currency, a technocratic scheme par excellence, led to stagnation and unemployment and is driving Europe apart. Elaborate financial instruments bamboozled regulators, crashed the world economy and ended up with taxpayer-funded bail-outs of banks, and later on, budget cuts.

Even when globalisation has been hugely beneficial, policymakers have not done enough to help the losers. Trade with China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and brought immense gains for Western ‘consumers. But many factory workers who have lost their jobs have been unable to find a decently paid replacement.

Rather than spread the benefits of globalisation, politicians have focused elsewhere. The left moved on to arguments about culture - race, greenery, human rights and sexual politics. The right preached meritocratic self-advancement, but failed to win everyone the chance to partake in it. Proud industrial communities that look to family and nation suffered alienation and decay. Mendacious campaigning mirrored by partisan media amplified the sense of betrayal.

(...)

Adapted from

The Economist – July 2nd 2016 

(PUC-RIO-2017-VESTIBULAR- RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS)

Based on the meanings of the words in the article, it can be said that

(A) "unravelling" (line 18) and collapse are synonyms.
(B) "bamboozled" (line 39) and confounded are antonyms.
(C) "lifted" (line 44) can be replaced by downgraded.
(D) "partake" (line 54) and participate express opposite ideas.
(E) "mendacious" (line 56) and truthful express similar ideas.

Resposta :  A

Com base nos significados das palavras do artigo, pode-se dizer que

*Alternativa (A): "unravelling"(ruína) e collapse(colapso) são sinônimos.
*Alternativa (B): "bamboozled"(confundiram) e confounded (confundiram) são antônimos.
*Alternativa (C): "lifted" (levantado) pode ser substituído por downgraded (rebaixado).
*Alternativa (D): "participar" (linha 54) e participar expressam idéias opostas.
*Alternativa (E): "mendacious"(falacioso) e "truthful"(verdadeiro) expressam ideias semelhantes.

➦IDEIA CONTEXTUAL: "unravelling"(ruína) e collapse (colapso/falência) são sinônimos no contexto:

"[...] Unless they believe that the global order works to their benefit, Brexit risks becoming just the start of an unravelling of globalisation and the prosperity it has created."
(A menos que eles acreditam que a ordem global funcione em seu benefício, Brexit corre o risco de se tornar apenas o começo de uma RUÍNA da globalização e da prosperidade que tem criado).
➦ bamboozled" e confounded são sinônimos:
"[...] Elaborate financial instruments bamboozled  regulators, crashed the world economy and ended up with taxpayer-funded bailouts of banks, and later on, budget cuts"
(Elaboraram instrumentos financeiros que CONFUNDIRAM os reguladores, quebraram a economia mundial e acabaram com os resgates de bancos financiados pelo contribuinte e, mais tarde, cortes orçamentários).
➦"lifted" (ELEVADO/LIBERTADO) não pode ser substituído por "downgraded"(rebaixou):
"[...] Trade with China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and brought immense gains for Western ‘consumers"(O comércio com a China TEM LIBERTADO centenas de milhões de pessoas da pobreza e trouxe ganhos imensos para os consumidores ocidentais).
➦"partake" e "participate" (participar) são sinônimas.
"[...] Rather than spread the benefits of globalisation, politicians have focused elsewhere. The left moved on to arguments about culture - race, greenery, human rights and sexual politics. The right preached 
meritocratic self-advancement, but failed to win everyone the chance to partake in it. Proud industrial communities that look to family and nation suffered alienation and decay. Mendacious campaigning mirrored by partisan media amplified the sense of betrayal."
(Em vez de espalhar os benefícios da globalização, os políticos se concentraram em outros lugares. A esquerda passou a discussões sobre cultura - raça, vegetação, direitos humanos e políticas sexuais. O direito pregado
auto-avanço meritocrático, mas não conseguiu ganhar a todos a oportunidade de PARTICIPAR nela. As comunidades industriais orgulhosas que olham para a família e a nação sofreram alienação e decadência. Campanhas mentais espelhadas por mídia partidária amplificaram a sensação de traição.)
➦ "mendacious" (falacioso) e "truthful"(verdadeiro) não expressam ideias similares. 
"[...]Proud industrial communities that look to family and nation suffered alienation and decay. Mendacious campaigning mirrored by partisan media amplified the sense of betrayal."(As comunidades industriais orgulhosas que olham para a família e a nação sofreram alienação e decadência. Campanhas FALACIOSAS/MENTIROSAS espelhadas por mídia partidária amplificaram a sensação de traição.)