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PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
Russia is making heaps of money from oil, but there is a way to stop that
A Rússia está ganhando montes de dinheiro com petróleo, mas há uma maneira de impedir isso
The United States and its allies are leaning heavily on economic sanctions to punish Russia for its invasion of Ukraine. Os Estados Unidos e seus aliados estão apoiando-se fortemente em sanções econômicas para punir a Rússia pela sua invasão da Ucrânia.
But a key element in that strategy, restrictions on Russian oil exports, mostly appears to be causing pain for ordinary people in other countries. Mas um elemento fundamental nessa estratégia, as restrições às exportações de petróleo russo, principalmente parece estar causando dor para às pessoas comuns em outros países.
European nations, in particular, are causing considerable damage to their own economies without reducing Russia’s oil revenue. As nações europeias, em particular, estão causando danos consideráveis às suas próprias economias sem reduzir a receita petrolífera da Rússia.
Nations seeking to help Ukraine have focused on reducing Russia’s energy exports instead of reducing Russia’s earnings from energy exports. Nações que buscam ajudar a Ucrânia, concentraram-se em reduzir as exportações de energia da Rússia, em vez de reduzir os faturamentos da Rússia com as exportações de energia.
Russia is exporting less oil but, in a perverse twist, it is earning more money. A Rússia está exportando menos petróleo, mas, em uma reviravolta maléfica, está ganhando mais dinheiro.
The sanctions have raised prices, more than offsetting the decline in exports. As sanções aumentaram os preços, mais do que compensando o declínio das exportações.
In May 2022, Russia earned 883 million euros per day from oil exports, up from 633 million euros per day in May 2021.
New sanctions that the European Union and Britain have agreed to impose on Russia by year’s end are likely to drive oil prices even higher. Novas sanções que a União Europeia e o Reino Unido decidiram impor à Rússia até o final do ano provavelmente elevarão os preços do petróleo ainda mais.
Some analysts warn that the price for a barrel of oil could exceed $ 200, well above the spike in the early weeks of the war, when oil prices topped out around $ 124.
Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted)
Environmental and economic impacts of crude oil and
natural gas production in developing countries
Impactos ambientais e econômicos da produção de petróleo bruto e gás natural em países em desenvolvimento
Environmental impacts that occur during the production
of crude oil would mostly occur from long-term habitat change within the oil
and gas field, production activities (including facility component maintenance
or replacement), waste management (e.g. produced water), noise (e.g. from well
operations, compressor or pump stations, flare stack, vehicle and equipment),
the presence of workers and potential spills.
The adverse environmental impacts which could happen
during production of crude oil and natural gas include: disturbance of wildlife
due to noise and human activity; exposure of biota to contaminants; and
mortality of biota resulting from collisions against aboveground facilities or
with vehicles.
The presence of production wells, ancillary facilities and access road reduces habitat quality, disturbs the biota and thus affects ecological resources. A presença de poços de produção, instalações auxiliares e estrada de acesso reduz a qualidade do habitat, desestabiliza a flora e a fauna e, portanto, afeta os recursos ecológicos.
Discharge of produced water inappropriately onto soil or
into surface water bodies can result in salinity levels becoming too high to
sustain plant growth.
Wildlife is always prone to have contact with petroleum-based products and other contaminants in reserve pits and water management facilities. A vida selvagem está sempre exposta a ter contato com produtos à base de petróleo e outros contaminantes em poços de reserva e instalações de gerenciamento de água.
Animals could become entrapped in the oil and drown, or
they could ingest toxic quantities of oil, or succumb to cold stress if the oil
damages the insulation provided by their feathers or fur.