COLLOCATIONS CAME FROM "CAMBRIDGE ADVANCED COLLOCATIONS" – MCQs 1 ( Multiple choice questions).

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• Collocations came from "CAMBRIDGE ADVANCED COLLOCATIONS".

01 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE-ADVANCED) Choose the option with the correct collocation to complete the sentences below.

I. He said he would throw us out, but it was just a(n) _____ threat. (vain / idle / lazy)

II. They rushed the victim to hospital, in the ______ hope of saving her life. (idle / simple / vain)

III. The government is encountering ______ criticism of its policies. (mounting / climbing / rising)

IV. There is ______  concern across the world about climate change. (raising / mounting / vain)

V. The horse was ______  at the mouth, so we called the vet. (fuming / foaming / fainting)

VI. Suddenly, without warning, Marta ______ into song. (busted / bustled / burst)

VII. The ______  truth is that I hate my job. (right / straight / plain)

VIII. I tried to persuade her but I’m afraid I failed ______ . (desperately / miserably / wholeheartedly)

(A) vain / idle / mounting / raising / fuming / busted / right­ / desperately

(B) idle / simple / climbing / mounting / foaming / bustled / straight / wholeheartedly

(C) lazy / vain / rising / vain / foaming / burst / plain / miserably

(D) vain / idle / climbing / vain / fainting / busted / straight / wholeheartedly

(E) idle / vain / mounting / mounting /foaming / burst / plain / miserably

      RESPOSTA    E  
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

I. idle

>> "IDLE THREAT"(ameaça inútil).

>> He said he would throw us out, but it was just an idle threat.

>> Ele disse que nos expulsaria, mas foi apenas uma ameaça inútil.

• The kids took no notice of the teacher's idle threats.(/www.freecollocation.com)

II. vain

>> "THE VAIN HOPE"(A vã esperança) - "a esperança sem chances de acontecer".

>> They rushed the victim to hospital, in the vain hope of saving her life.

>> Levaram a vítima de urgência para o hospital, na vã esperança de lhe salvar a vida..

• The kids took no notice of the teacher's idle threats.(/www.freecollocation.com)
• He traveled south in the vain hope of finding work.(www.ldoceonline.com)

III. mounting

>> The government is encountering mounting criticism of its policies.

>> O governo está enfrentando críticas crescentes às suas política

• Despite mounting criticism, many insurers and brokers continue to sell such policies.

IV. mounting

>> There is mounting concern across the world about climate.

>> Há uma preocupação crescente em todo o mundo com o clima.

• So there is mounting concern at the top of government about how close to meltdown the prison system is.(www.collinsdictionary.com)

V. foaming

>> "BE FOAMING AT THE MOUTH" -  Estar/ficar extremamente irritado:

>> The horse was foaming at the mouth, so we called the vet.

>> O cavalo estava extremamente irritado, por isso chamamos o veterinário.

• If you say that someone is foaming at the mouth, you mean that they are very angry. (www.collinsdictionary.com)
• Stewart was foaming at the mouth about an incident the previous afternoon. (www.collinsdictionary.com)

VI. burst

>> "BURST INTO song/tears/laughter" -  de repente começar a cantar/chorar/rir:

>> Suddenly, without warning, Marta burst into song.

>> De repente, sem aviso, a Marta começou a cantar.

• Much to my surprise, Caleb suddenly burst into song.(https://dictionary.cambridge.org/)

VII. plain

>> "THE PLAIN TRUTH" - A verdade pura e simples.

>> The plain truth is that I hate my job.  

>> A verdade pura e simples é que detesto o meu trabalho.

• Nor can we apologize for speaking the plain truth in love.(www.collinsdictionary.com)

VIII miserably

>> "FAILED MISERABLY"(falhou redondamente) - "foi extremamente mal sucedidos".

>> I tried to persuade her but I’m afraid I failed miserably.

>> Tentei persuadi-la, mas infelizmente falhei redondamente.

02 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE) Look at these sentences from a hotel brochure. Improve the style by replacing the words in italics with the word in brackets that forms the best collocation. (Use each word only once.)

I. Our new family hotel is set in a nice location and all the rooms have nice furnishings and nice views over the surrounding countryside. (stylish / secluded / breathtaking)

II. Visitors will enjoy the good atmosphere in either of our good dining rooms, both serving good food to both residents and non-residents. (delicious / relaxing / spacious)

III. We organise tours to beautiful surrounding villages where you’ll have the opportunity to take some beautiful photographs and sample the beautiful local cuisine. (mouth-watering / picturesque / stunning)

(A) I - secluded / stylish / breathtaking;  II - delicious / relaxing / spacious;  3 - stunning / picturesque / mouth-watering.

(B) I - breathtaking / secluded / stylish;  II - spacious / relaxing / spacious;  3 - picturesque / mouth-watering / stunning.

(C) I - breathtaking / stylish / secluded;  II - mouth-watering / delicious / spacious;  3 - stunning / picturesque / mouth-watering.

(D) I - secluded / stylish / breathtaking;  II - relaxing / spacious / delicious;  3 -  picturesque / stunning / mouth-watering.

      RESPOSTA    D  
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

I - Our new family hotel is set in a secluded location and all the rooms have stylish furnishings and breathtaking views over the surrounding countryside.

O nosso novo hotel familiar está situado em um local isolado e todos os quartos têm mobília estilosa e vistas deslumbrantes sobre a paisagem circundante.

>> Breathtaking could also go with location but secluded could not go with views.

>> "IN A SECLUDED LOCATION" - em um local tranquilo, privado e não perto de pessoas, estradas ou edifícios.

>>"STYLISH FURNISHINGS" - mobília estilosa. (furnishings means the furniture, curtains, and other decorations in a room or building)

>>"BREATHTAKING VIEWS" - vistas deslumbrantes.

• The view from the top of the mountain is breathtaking / magnificent / spectacular. (Cambridge Dictionary)

II - Visitors will enjoy the relaxing atmosphere in either of our spacious dining rooms, both serving delicious food to residents and non-residents.

Os visitantes poderão desfrutar da atmosfera relaxante em qualquer uma das nossas espaçosas salas de jantar, ambas servindo comida deliciosa para residentes e não residentes.

(Relaxing could also perhaps go with dining rooms but spacious could not go with atmosphere.)

>>"THE RELAXING ATMOSPHERE" - o ambiente relaxante.

>>"SPACIOUS DINING ROOMS" -  espaçosas salas de jantar.

>>"DELICIOUS FOOD" - comida deliciosa.

III - We organise tours to picturesque surrounding villages where you’ll have the opportunity to take some stunning photographs and sample the mouth-watering local cuisine.

Organizamos passeios pelos pitorescos vilarejos vizinhos, onde terá a oportunidade de tirar algumas fotos deslumbrantes e provar a deliciosa gastronomia local.

(Stunning could go with villages but picturesque could not go with photographs.)

>>"PICTURESQUE SURROUNDING VILLAGES" - pitorescos vilarejos vizinhos.

• a picturesque town. (English Collocations in Use Advanced)
• a picturesque location. (English Collocations in Use Advanced)

>>"STUNNING PHOTOGRAPHS" - fotos deslumbrantes.

>>"THE MOUTH-WATERING LOCAL CUISINE" - a deliciosa gastronomia local.

03 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE) Match a word from each box to form collocations. Not all the collocations appear on the opposite page, so use a dictionary such as the Cambridge Online Dictionary to help you if necessary.

From: English Collocations in Use Advanced

      RESPOSTA      
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

1 "disease spreads" – doença propaga-se.

• An alarming new disease is spreading among cattle in the south of the country.

2 "evidence suggests" – evidências sugerem.

• The scientific evidence suggests human beings first emerged in Africa.
• Fresh evidence suggests that the statement had been fabricated.(Cambridge Online Dictionary)

3 "opportunity arises" – oportunidade surge, acontece, existe. (Arise means ‘happen’ or ‘occur’)

• You must accompany Mason on one of his business trips to Asia, if the opportunity ever arises.
• If the opportunity arises, I'd love to go to China.(Cambridge Online Dictionary)

4 "smoke rises" – fumaça sobe, (Rise means ‘go up’)

• Oh, no! There’s a fire. Look at the smoke rising from those buildings.
• He could see a thin black column of smoke rising vertically into the sky.

5 "standards slip" – queda de padrões.

• Our survey shows that parents believe standards have slipped at the school.

6 "teeth chatter" – "bater de dentes" significa que os dentes superiores e inferiores batem juntos repetidamente devido ao medo ou ao frio.

• It was so cold I couldn't stop my teeth from chattering.
• If your teeth are chattering, you are so cold or frightened that your teeth are knocking together. (www.ldoceonline.com)

7 "wind howls" – "o vento uiva" significa que o vento sopra com força e faz muito barulho. 

• The wind was howling all night and it was raining, so I couldn’t sleep.

8 "withstand pressure" – suportar pressão.

• The machine has to be made of materials that can withstand a lot of pressure.

04 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE) Rewrite the underlined part of each sentence using a collocation.

1 I don’t want to say no to the chance of meeting such a famous person.

2 We’ll have to write a contract before you start work, as it’s a new position.

3 You’re working too hard. You should try to relax for a short period of time.

4 This new bullet-proof car can take the impact of a rocket-propelled grenade.

5 Do you have any interesting little bits of information about our new boss to tell us?

6 The minister faced a large number of questions from reporters.

7 I had some luck last week. The police found my stolen wallet and nothing was missing.

8 There’s been a number of violent attacks in the area recently.

9 Aft er her divorce Mandy was determined to forget the past and build a new life.

      RESPOSTA      
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

1 "PASS UP THE CHANCE" – means "to not take advantage of an opportunity or chance" – literally: "to say no to the chance" – PERDER A OPORTUNIDADE, RECUSAR: 

>> I don’t want to pass up the chance of meeting such a famous person.
>> Não quero perder a oportunidade de conhecer uma pessoa tão famosa.

• I wouldn't pass up the chance of working for them.(www.freecollocation.com)
• It passes up a chance to learn and grow.(www.ldoceonline.com)
• She passed up on the chance to go to college.(https://dictionary.cambridge.org)
• I passed up a chance for promotion because I didn't want to move across the country.(https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com )

2 "DRAW UP A CONTRACT" – means "to prepare, to create, to design, to produce (a contract)" – literally: "to write a contract" – ELABORAR/REDIGIR UM CONTRATO: 

>> We’ll have to draw up a contract before you start work, as it’s a new position.

>> Teremos que elaborar um contrato antes de começar a trabalhar, pois é um cargo novo.

• Some people draw up a contract when they get married.(www.ldoceonline.com)
• They drew up the contracts. (https://dictionary.cambridge.org)
• Make sure the contract is properly drawn up.(www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com)

3 "TAKE IT EASY FOR A WHILE" – means "to relax, be calm and avoid hard work" – literally: "to relax for a short period of time" – "PEGAR LEVE POR UM TEMPO", "RELAXAR POR UM TEMPO": 

>> You’re working too hard. You should try to take it easy for a while.

>> Estás trabalhando demais. Deve tentar relaxar por um tempo.

• At last, he could take it easy for a while.

4 "WITHSTAND THE IMPACT OF" – means "to resist successfully", "to survive a force or action" – "SUPORTAR O IMPACTO", "RESISTIR COM SUCESSO O IMPACTO": 

>> This new bullet-proof car can withstand the impact of a rocket-propelled grenade.

>> Este novo carro à prova de bala pode suportar o impacto de uma granada lançada por um foguete.

• // withstand the impact of a landing.(/www.merriam-webster.com)
• The report calls for more new and improved materials to withstand the impact of space debris.(The Collins Corpus)
• They were not designed to withstand the impact of vehicles, according to the mayor's office.(The Collins Corpus)

5 "SNIPPETS OF INFORMATION" – means "little bits of information" – "TRECHOS DE INFORMAÇÃO", "RECORTES DE INFORMAÇÃO": 

>> Do you have any interesting snippets of information about our new boss to tell us?

>> Tem algum recorte de informação interessante sobre o nosso novo chefe para nos contar?

• Each new snippet of information complicates the puzzle.

6 "A BARRAGE OF questions / complaints / criticisms)" – means "a great number of complaints, criticisms, or questions suddenly directed at someone." – "UM BOMBARDEIO DE PERGUNTAS", "UMA ENXURRADA DE CRÍTICAS",: 

>> The minister faced a barrage of questions from reporters.

>> O ministro enfrentou um bombardeio de perguntas por parte dos repórteres.

• The reporters kept up a constant barrage of questions.(www.freecollocation.com)
• City officials faced a barrage of angry questions from local residents.(www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary)
• The president is facing a barrage of criticism over his handling of the crisis.(www.freecollocation.com)
• The TV station has received a barrage of complaints about the amount of violence in the series.(https://dictionary.cambridge.org)

7 "A STROKE OF LUCK" – means "something good that happens to you by chance" – "UM GOLPE DE SORTE", "UM ACONTECIMENTO FAVORÁVEL":

>> I had a stroke of luck last week. The police found my stolen wallet and nothing was missing.

>> Tive um golpe de sorte na semana passada. A polícia encontrou a minha carteira roubada e não faltava nada.

• He had exactly the part that I needed so that was a stroke of luck.(https://dictionary.cambridge.org)
• In a stroke of luck, a suitable organ donor became available.(www.ldoceonline.com)

8 "A SPATE OF accidents/attacks/crimes/thefts, etc" – means "a large number of bad things that happen at about the same time" – "UMA SÉRIE DE" coisas más que acontecem quase ao mesmo tempo:

>> There’s been a spate of violent attacks in the area recently.

>> Houve uma série de ataques violentos na área recentemente.

• The poll results come amid a spate of bad news for tobacco companies.(www.ldoceonline.com)
• Homeowners have reported a spate of vandalism, break- ins, thefts, and other crimes that they attribute to illegal immigrants.

9 "PUT THE PAST BEHIND SOMEONE" – means "to try to forget or ignore something unpleasant" – "DEIXAR O PASSADO PARA TRÁS, ESQUECER O PASSADO: 

After her divorce Mandy was determined to put the past behind her and build a new life.
Após o divórcio, Mandy estava determinada a deixar o passado para trás e a construir uma nova vida.

• I’m going to put all this behind me and think about the future.(https://dictionary.cambridge.org)
• She had dealt with the guilt years ago and put it behind her.(www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary)

05 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE)

•  In its defence, the Government pleads ________ circumstances.

(A) abated

(B) appeased

(C) mitigating

(D) softening

      RESPOSTA    C  
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

The adjective "mitigating" almost always collocates with circumstances or factors: "mitigating circumstances":

• The judge said that there were no mitigating circumstances that would result in a lesser punishment. (Cambridge Dictionary)
• Although she was found guilty, the jury felt there were mitigating circumstances.(Cambridge Advanced Collocations)

06 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE)

•  _______ weather was expected.

(A) Unpleasant

(B) Disgusting

(C) Hated

(D) Inclement

      RESPOSTA    D  
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

The adjective "Inclement" almost always collocates with weather:"Inclement weather" (mau tempo, intempéries, tempo inclemente):

• Inclement weather can be hazardous. (EFOMM-PS-2019)
• The concert in the park was postponed because of the inclement weather. (Cambridge Dictionary)
• The inclement weather makes fishing both more difficult and dangerous.(Cambridge Dictionary)
• Predictions of inclement weather proved to be wrong.(Longman Dictionary)

07 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE)

• They _______ the meeting until after lunch.

(A) adjourned

(B) postponed

(C) interrupted

(D) suspended

      RESPOSTA    A  
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

"Adjourn" is very strongly associated with "meeting" and "trial":

• The chairman may adjourn the meeting at any time. (Oxford learner's dictionaries)
• At midday the meeting was adjourned for lunch. (Oxford Collocation Dictionary)
• His trial was adjourned until May. (Longman Dictionary)
• There was a two-day adjournment in the trial. (Cambridge Dictionary)

08 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE) Choose the option with the correct verbs to form collocations for the sentences below.

1. Our lawyer _______ a contract for us to sign. 

2. I didn't want to _______ the chance of seeing Hong Kong, so I agreed to go on the trip.

3. The police officer’s vest can ________ the impact of a bullet.

4. I've ______ a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.

a) pass up / drawn up / withstand / drew up

b) withstand /  pass up / drew up / drawn up

c) drew up / pass up /  withstand / drawn up

d) drew up / withstand /  pass upt / drawn up

      RESPOSTA    C  
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

1. Our lawyer drew up a contract for us to sign.

(Nosso advogado REDIGIU UM CONTRATO para assinarmos.)

>> COLLOCATIONS: "draw up a contract", "draw up a list" - prepare something, usually official, in writing.

• The lawyers drew up a contract over the weekend.(Cambridge Dictionary)
• I've drawn up a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.(Cambridge Dictionary)

2. I didn't want to pass up the chance of seeing Hong Kong, so I agreed to go on the trip.

(Eu não queria PERDER A OPORTUNIDADE de ver Hong Kong, então concordei em fazer a viagem.)

>>"pass up the chance" - fail to take advantage of.

• I can't believe she passed up the chance to go to South America.(Cambridge Dictionary)
• On occasion, the company is so busy that it has passed up the chance to bid on a project.(www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com)

3. The police officer’s vest can withstand the impact of a bullet.

(O colete do policial pode SUPORTAR O IMPACTO de uma bala.)

>>"withstand the impact" - to bear, to receive without being changed or damaged by something powerful.

• Lind also installed carpeting that could withstand the impact of the wheels.(www.ldoceonline.com)

4. I've drawn up a list of candidates that I'd like to interview.(Cambridge Dictionary)

09 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE) Matches the two parts of these collocations.

      RESPOSTA      
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

(1) " ADHERE TO PRINCIPLES / RULES" – means to continue to have a belief or obey a rule, especially a custom or belief – fiel aos seus princípios, segue aos seus ideais.

• She adhered to her principles throughout her life.(Cambridge Dictionary)
• I have adhered strictly to the rules. (Longman Dictionary)
• We adhere to the principles of equal rights and freedom of expression for all.(Longman Dictionary)

(2) " AROUSE INTEREST / EXPECTATIONS etc" – to make you become interested, expect something etc – Despertar o interesse, Suscitar as expectativas.

• It's a subject that has aroused a lot of interest.(Cambridge Dictionary)
• Kennedy and Wilson had both aroused expectations, which had not been fulfilled.(Longman Dictionary)
• Matt’s behavior was arousing the interest of the neighbors.(Longman Dictionary)

(3) "BLOND HAIR" – cabelos loiros.

* BLOND-HAIRD (ADJECTIVE) - LOIRO(A).

• Minna rang the bell and a small thin woman with blond hair opened the door.(Longman Dictionary)
• The blond-haired boy said he had joined the English class to make some new friends. (English Collocations in Use Advanced)

(4) "COME UP WITH A SUGGESTION" – to suggest or think of an idea or plan - Apresentar uma sugestão / plano / ideia, 

• Several of the members have come up with suggestions of their own.(Collins Dictionary)

(5) "FLATLY CONTRADICT" – significa "contradizer de forma categórica, rotunda, terminante, ou sem rodeios".

• "None of these ambiguities flatly contradicts the reconstruction sketched in figure 4b,..."( Cambridge English Corpus)
• What is more, it is flatly contradicted by experience.(From the Hansard archive)

(6) "FUNDAMENTALLY DIFFERENT" – significa "fundamentalmente diferentes, essencialmente diferentes, fundamentalmente distintos".

• The two approaches are fundamentally different.(www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com)

(7) "GO ON AN ECONOMY DRIVE" – An economy drive is a campaign to reduce spending and save money – significa "REDUZIR CUSTO E POUPAR".

• They were going through an economy drive.(from the Collins Corpus)

(8) "HEAVY RAIN" (heavy/torrential/pouring/driving rain) – significa "CHUVA FORTE, CHUVA INTENSA, CHUVARADA".

*"fine rain", "drizzling rain" e "light rain". "= "CHUVINHA", "CHUVA LEVE".

• We had heavy rain all day.(Cambridge Dictionary)
• It's raining heavily (= a large amount of rain is falling, raining very hard).(Cambridge Dictionary)
  
• This little stream can become a deluge when it rains heavily.(Cambridge Dictionary)

(9) "LEAD A SEMINAR" – significa "conduzir um seminário", que é um evento educativo em que pessoas se reúnem para aprender sobre um tema. O palestrante, ou "lead", é quem conduz/realiza o evento e encoraja os participantes a participar de discussões.

• Several experts on labour law and discrimination will lead the seminar.(https://pt.bab.la)
• She also leads seminars on a variety of issues related to bio-ethics and aging.(https://pt.bab.la)
• He has led seminars for judges in how to write judgments.(https://pt.bab.la)

(10) "A LICK OF PAINT" – "A fresh coat or application of paint" (UMA DEMÃO DE TINTA) or "A refurbishment of something's aesthetic appearance."(UMA REMODELAÇÃO NA APARÊNCIA EXTERNA).

• All this house needs is a good clean and a lick of paint.(https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com)
• The car is a little busted up on the outside, but it still runs perfectly fine. It just needs a lick of paint, and it will be as good as new .(https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com)

(11) "PLAY THE STOCK MARKET" (arriscar dinheiro)– é uma expressão que significa comprar e vender títulos públicos com o objetivo de ganhar dinheiro.

• You may well lose money if you play the stock market. (Cambridge Dictionary)

(12) "WORDS OF WISDOM" (Words that are especially wise, sagacious, or informative. Can also be used sarcastically to imply that what is said is banal, useless, or uninformative.) – significa "palavras de sabedoria". Pode também ser traduzida como "aforismo" ou "apotegma".

• Wow, thanks for the words of wisdom, Jake. Did you pull that out of a fortune cookie or something? (https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com)

10 – (ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS IN USE) Read the text.

Why is it important to learn collocations?

An appreciation of collocation will help you to:

• use the words you know more accurately

In other words, you’ll make (NOT do) fewer mistakes.

• sound more natural when you speak and write

By saying, for example, of great importance, rather than of big or high importance, you won’t just be understood, you will – quite rightly – sound like a fluent user of English.

• vary your speech and, probably more importantly, your writing Instead of repeating everyday words like very, good or nice, you will be able to exploit a wider range of language. You would gain more marks in an exam, for instance, for writing We had a blissfully happy holiday in a picturesque little village surrounded by spectacular mountains than for We had a very happy holiday in a nice little village surrounded by beautiful mountains, even though both sentences are perfectly correct.

• understand when a skilful writer departs from normal patterns of collocation A journalist, poet, advertiser or other inventive user of language often creates an effect by not choosing the expected collocation. For example, a travel article about the Italian capital might be entitled No place like Rome, a reference to the popular expression There’s no place like home.

>> From "CAMBRIDGE ADVANCED COLLOCATIONS".

Correct the underlined collocation errors with words from the advice in thex. Be careful, you might find the words in the text, as well as in the examples.

1 Exam candidates often make faults in their use of verbs like do, make, go and get.

2 Try to use a longer range of language when you write.

3 Exam candidates who use collocations well gather better marks.

4 You have to know what normal collocation patterns are before you can lose them.

5 The writer used colloquial language to form an effect.

      RESPOSTA      
 COLLOCATIONS E EXEMPLOS:

(1) Exam candidates often make faults in their use of verbs like do, make, go and get.

• The correct collocation is "MAKE MISTAKES"(COMETER ERROS), not "make faults".
• Exam candidates often make mistakes in their use of verbs like do, make, go and get.

(2) Try to use a longer range of language when you write.

• The correct collocation is "WIDER RANGE"(MAIOR VARIEDADE, AMPLA VARIEDADE), not "a longer range".
• Try to use a wider range of language when you write.

(3) Exam candidates who use collocations well gather better marks.

• The correct collocation is "WELL GAIN BETTER MARKS"(OBTER MELHORES NOTAS), not "well gather better marks".
• Exam candidates who use collocations well gain better marks.

(4) You have to know what normal collocation patterns are before you can lose them.

• The correct collocation is "DEPART FROM NORMAL COLLOCATION PATTERNS"(AFASTA-SE DOS PADRÕES NORMAIS DE COLOCAÇÃO), not "lose normal collocation pattern".
• You have to know what normal collocation patterns are before you can depart from them.

(5) The writer used colloquial language to form an effect.

• The correct collocation is "CREATE AN EFFECT"(CRIAR UM EFEITO, FORMAR UM EFEITO), not "form an effect".
• YThe writer used colloquial language to create an effect.