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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:
- FGV/VESTIBULAR-2024.1-UNIFICADO-1º SEMESTRE.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
- 15 MCQs (Multiple Choice Question) / 5 Options Each Question.
- Texto (1) – | SWEARING ON THE BIBLE | Quora Digest |
- Texto (2) – | A FORCE FOR PEACE | Foreign Affairs |
- Texto (3) – | A TELEVISION DRAMA ABOUT TAIWANESE POLITICS | The Economist |
- Texto (4) – | MONKEYS THAT PLAY TOGETHER STAY TOGETHER | Natural History |
- Texto (5) – | THE GREAT POWER OF NONVIOLENCE | 100 Great Ideas That Changed The World |
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ TEXTO 1: Texto para as questões de 31 a 33.
SWEARING ON THE BIBLE
By Angela Stockton
1 On November 22, 1963, the day President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Vice President Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) did not put his hand on the Bible when he took his oath of office [juramento de posse] as the new President. The book that he and the Secret Service agents thought was the Bible
was in fact a missal, i.e., a book of prayers which Catholics used at Masses [Missas].
2 That didn’t make LBJ’s oath invalid. Because the Constitution specifically states that no religious test shall be required for public office [cargo público] in the United States, no public official needs to say “So help me, God,” or put his or her left hand on any book. LBJ’s oath would have been equally valid if he had put his left hand on a telephone book or a cookbook.
3 And Barack Obama did put his hand on a Bible for both his public inaugurations and undoubtedly at his third one. His third? Yes, if you recall, Chief Justice [Presidente da Suprema Corte dos EUA] John Roberts messed up the words of the oath when he swore in Obama at his first inauguration. (You
had one job, John…) So that no one could say Obama was not validly inaugurated, Roberts went to the White House on the evening of January 20, 2009 and administered the oath again, in private. One hopes that he was reading it off the Constitution that time.
- Adapted from Quora Digest, July 29, 2023.
❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 1:
SWEARING ON THE BIBLE
JURAMENTO NA BÍBLIA
By Angela Stockton
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
On November 22, 1963, the day President John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Vice President Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) did not put his hand on the Bible when he took his oath of office as the new President.
Em 22 de novembro de 1963, dia em que o presidente John F. Kennedy foi assassinado, o vice-presidente Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) não colocou a mão na Bíblia quando fez o juramento de posse como novo presidente.
- "the oath of office" – o juramento de cargo.
- "under oath" – sob juramento.
- OATH" /əʊθ/ (a promise, especially that you will tell the truth in a law court.) – JURAMENTO.
The book that he and the Secret Service agents thought was the Bible was in fact a missal, i.e., a book of prayers which Catholics used at Masses.
O livro que ele e os agentes do Serviço Secreto pensavam ser a Bíblia era na verdade um missal, ou seja, um livro de orações que os católicos usavam nas missas.
- "at Masses" – nas missas.
- "book of prayers" – livro de orações.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
That didn’t make LBJ’s oath invalid.
Isso não invalidou o juramento de LBJ.
- "OATH" /əʊθ/ (a promise, especially that you will tell the truth in a law court.) – JURAMENTO.
Because the Constitution specifically states that no religious test shall be required for public office [cargo público] in the United States, no public official needs to say “So help me, God,” or put his or her left hand on any book.
Como a Constituição declara especificamente que nenhum teste religioso será exigido para cargos públicos nos Estados Unidos, nenhum funcionário público precisa dizer “Então me ajude, Deus”, ou colocar a mão esquerda em qualquer livro.
LBJ’s oath would have been equally valid if he had put his left hand on a telephone book or a cookbook.
O juramento de LBJ teria sido igualmente válido se ele tivesse colocado a mão esquerda numa lista telefônica ou num livro de receitas.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
And Barack Obama did put his hand on a Bible for both his public inaugurations and undoubtedly at his third one.
E Barack Obama colocou a mão numa Bíblia tanto nas suas posses públicas como, sem dúvida, na terceira.
- "INAUGURATION"(ato de posse do mandato) é um falso cognato. Frequentemente usado para referir-se ao ato de posse de um presidente nos EUA ou outro cargo político importante.
- "TO INAUGURATION" significa "empossar". Ao passo que "Inaugurar" é "to open up".
- Trump was inaugurated as president of the United States on January 20, 2017.
- Trump foi empossado como presidente dos Estados Unidos em 20 de janeiro de 2017.
- Vê a definição no Cambridge Dictionary:
His third? Yes, if you recall, Chief Justice [Presidente da Suprema Corte dos EUA] John Roberts messed up the words of the oath when he swore in Obama at his first inauguration.
Seu terceiro? Sim, se bem se lembram, o Chefe de Justiça [Presidente da Suprema Corte dos EUA] John Roberts estragou as palavras do juramento quando empossou Obama na sua primeira posse.
(You had one job, John…)
(Você tinha um emprego, John…)
So that no one could say Obama was not validly inaugurated, Roberts went to the White House on the evening of January 20, 2009 and administered the oath again, in private.
Para que ninguém pudesse dizer que Obama não foi validamente empossado, Roberts foi à Casa Branca na noite de 20 de janeiro de 2009 e administrou novamente o juramento, em privado.
One hopes that he was reading it off the Constitution that time.
Espera-se que ele estivesse lendo a Constituição naquela época.
- Adapted from Quora Digest, July 29, 2023.
31 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
(A) Because of a Constitutional technicality, many U.S. citizens later considered President Lyndon Johnson’s oath of office invalid.
(B) In an emergency, any Christian religious book may serve to validate a new President’s oath of office.
(C) By the terms of the U.S. Constitution, Lyndon Johnson
automatically became President after John F. Kennedy’s
assassination and thus was not legally required to take an oath of office.
(D) Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents may not have thoroughly checked the content of the book that was used in Johnson’s oath of office.
(E) After John F. Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963, Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents needed a Bible so he could officially become President.
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
Which of the following is most supported by the information in the article?
Qual das alternativas a seguir é mais apoiada pelas informações do artigo?
(A) Because of a Constitutional technicality, many U.S. citizens later considered President Lyndon Johnson’s oath of office invalid.
Devido a um detalhe técnico constitucional, muitos cidadãos dos EUA consideraram mais tarde inválido o juramento de cargo do Presidente Lyndon Johnson.
(B) In an emergency, any Christian religious book may serve to validate a new President’s oath of office.
Em caso de emergência, qualquer livro religioso cristão pode servir para validar o juramento de cargo de um novo presidente.
(C) By the terms of the U.S. Constitution, Lyndon Johnson
automatically became President after John F. Kennedy’s
assassination and thus was not legally required to take an oath of office.
Pelos termos da Constituição dos EUA, Lyndon Johnson
tornou-se automaticamente presidente após John F. Kennedy
assassinato e, portanto, não era legalmente obrigado a prestar juramento de cargo.
(D) Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents may not have thoroughly checked the content of the book that was used in Johnson’s oath of office.
Lyndon Johnson e os agentes do Serviço Secreto podem não ter verificado minuciosamente o conteúdo do livro que foi usado no juramento de cargo de Johnson.
(E) After John F. Kennedy’s assassination on November 22, 1963, Lyndon Johnson and the Secret Service agents needed a Bible so he could officially become President.
Após o assassinato de John F. Kennedy em 22 de novembro de 1963, Lyndon Johnson e os agentes do Serviço Secreto precisavam de uma Bíblia para que ele pudesse se tornar oficialmente presidente.
32 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) At the end of paragraph 2, the author most likely mentions “a telephone book or a cookbook” in order to
(A) draw attention to the absurdity of associating religion with U.S. politics.
(B) make it clear that taking the Presidential oath of office is in no way a religious ceremony.
(C) make fun of the insincere, hypocritical nature of political
ceremonies in the U.S.
(D) highlight Lyndon Johnson’s surprising ignorance of basic
Constitutional principles.
(E) express her opinion that in U.S. politics the Christian Bible is slowly but surely losing its importance.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
At the end of paragraph 2, the author most likely mentions “a telephone book or a cookbook” in order to
No final do parágrafo 2, o autor provavelmente menciona “uma lista telefônica ou um livro de receitas” para
(A) draw attention to the absurdity of associating religion with U.S. politics.
chamar a atenção para o absurdo de associar a religião à política dos EUA.
(B) make it clear that taking the Presidential oath of office is in no way a religious ceremony.
deixar claro que prestar juramento de cargo presidencial não é de forma alguma uma cerimônia religiosa.
(C) make fun of the insincere, hypocritical nature of political
ceremonies in the U.S.
zombar da natureza insincera e hipócrita da política
cerimônias nos EUA
(D) highlight Lyndon Johnson’s surprising ignorance of basic Constitutional principles.
destacar a surpreendente ignorância de Lyndon Johnson sobre os princípios constitucionais básicos.
(E) express her opinion that in U.S. politics the Christian Bible is slowly but surely losing its importance.
expressa a sua opinião de que na política dos EUA a Bíblia cristã está lenta mas seguramente a perder a sua importância.
33 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE) With respect to Barack Obama’s first inauguration, the information in the article most likely supports which of the following?
(A) It was the first time an African American was allowed to put his hand on a Bible for any kind of oath of office.
(B) Chief Justice John Roberts was so nervous that he forgot the words that he needed to say, and so the ceremony was postponed and continued later.
(C) To help prevent any accusations of fraud or bad faith, the ceremony was repeated.
(D) By placing his left hand on the Bible, Barack Obama was making a political gesture, not a religious one.
(E) If Barack Obama were White, his first inauguration would have had no element of controversy.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
With respect to Barack Obama’s first inauguration, the information in the article most likely supports which of the following?
No que diz respeito à primeira posse de Barack Obama, as informações contidas no artigo provavelmente apoiam qual das seguintes afirmações?
(A) It was the first time an African American was allowed to put his hand on a Bible for any kind of oath of office.
Foi a primeira vez que um afro-americano foi autorizado a colocar a mão numa Bíblia para qualquer tipo de juramento de cargo.
(B) Chief Justice John Roberts was so nervous that he forgot the words that he needed to say, and so the ceremony was postponed and continued later.
O Chefe de Justiça John Roberts estava tão nervoso que esqueceu as palavras que precisava dizer, e então a cerimônia foi adiada e continuou mais tarde.
(C) To help prevent any accusations of fraud or bad faith, the ceremony was repeated.
Para ajudar a evitar quaisquer acusações de fraude ou má-fé, a cerimônia foi repetida.
(D) By placing his left hand on the Bible, Barack Obama was making a political gesture, not a religious one.
Ao colocar a mão esquerda sobre a Bíblia, Barack Obama estava fazendo um gesto político, não religioso.
(E) If Barack Obama were White, his first inauguration would have had no element of controversy.
Se Barack Obama fosse branco, sua primeira posse não teria tido nenhum elemento de polêmica.
❑ TEXTO 2: Texto para as questões de 34 a 37.
A FORCE FOR PEACE
By Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Diretora Geral of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
1 To abandon the many benefits that come with international trade would be foolish. There are real problems with the current trading system, but the counterfactual scenario is almost certainly worse: it is difficult to believe that international security would be better served if leading powers had no economic interest in one another’s stability and prosperity and no shared institutions in which to engage. Trade between the United States and China benefits people and businesses in both countries enormously and ties the superpowers together, both bilaterally and in international forums, providing an incentive to cooperate where possible and avoid conflict.
2 Strategic competition is a reality of the modern world. But that world will become unlivable unless there is also strategic cooperation. The WTO’s ministerial meeting last summer offered hope that the two can go together. The agreements reached there had the support of all WTO members.
They worked across geopolitical and policy fault lines, each perceiving a national interest in reinforcing the world trading system.
3 In the 75 years since the world first embraced multilateral cooperation on trade, the trading system has underpinned [sustentou, apoiou] rising – if still uneven – global prosperity. It has achieved its original goal of helping governments keep markets open in turbulent times. In the face of mighty
[poderosos] shocks, from the global financial crisis to the pandemic, the world did not repeat the 1930s spiral of protectionism and depression, instead allowing cross-border demand and supply to be an engine for recovery.
4 Today, the multilateral trading system is part of the solution to major global challenges, from climate change to conflict to pandemic preparedness. And a reformed WTO, fit for the twenty-first century, is needed now more than ever, with rules that underpin the stability, predictability, and openness of the global trading system. In the past 15 years we have learned that unforeseen crises surely lie [ficam, situam-se] ahead and that without the stabilizing force of trade, the world will almost certainly be less able to weather [enfrentar, resistir] them.
- Adapted from Foreign Affairs, July/August 2023.
❑ TRADUÇÃO-TEXTO 2:
A FORCE FOR PEACE
UMA FORÇA PARA A PAZ
By Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Diretora Geral of the World Trade Organization (WTO)
Diretora Geral da Organização Mundial do Comércio (OMC)
[1º PARÁGRAFO]
To abandon the many benefits that come with international trade would be foolish.
Abandonar os muitos benefícios que advêm do comércio internacional seria uma tolice.
There are real problems with the current trading system, but the counterfactual scenario is almost certainly worse: it is difficult to believe that international security would be better served if leading powers had no economic interest in one another’s stability and prosperity and no shared institutions in which to engage.
Existem problemas reais com o atual sistema comercial, mas o cenário contrafactual é quase certamente pior: é difícil acreditar que a segurança internacional seria melhor servida se as principais potências não tivessem interesse econômico na estabilidade e prosperidade umas das outras e não tivessem instituições partilhadas nas quais para se envolver.
Trade between the United States and China benefits people and businesses in both countries enormously and ties the superpowers together, both bilaterally and in international forums, providing an incentive to cooperate where possible and avoid conflict.
O comércio entre os Estados Unidos e a China beneficia enormemente as pessoas e as empresas de ambos os países e une as superpotências, tanto a nível bilateral como em fóruns internacionais, proporcionando um incentivo à cooperação sempre que possível e a evitar conflitos.
[2º PARÁGRAFO]
Strategic competition is a reality of the modern world.
A competição estratégica é uma realidade do mundo moderno.
But that world will become unlivable unless there is also strategic cooperation.
Mas esse mundo tornar-se-á inabitável a menos que haja também cooperação estratégica.
The WTO’s ministerial meeting last summer offered hope that the two can go together.
A reunião ministerial da OMC no Verão passado ofereceu esperança de que os dois possam caminhar juntos.
The agreements reached there had the support of all WTO members.
Os acordos ali alcançados contaram com o apoio de todos os membros da OMC.
They worked across geopolitical and policy fault lines, each perceiving a national interest in reinforcing the world trading system.
Trabalharam através de divisões geopolíticas e políticas, cada um percebendo um interesse nacional em reforçar o sistema de comércio mundial.
[3º PARÁGRAFO]
In the 75 years since the world first embraced multilateral cooperation on trade, the trading system has underpinned [sustentou, apoiou] rising – if still uneven – global prosperity.
Nos 75 anos desde que o mundo abraçou pela primeira vez a cooperação multilateral no comércio, o sistema comercial sustentou [apoiou] a crescente – embora ainda desigual – prosperidade global.
It has achieved its original goal of helping governments keep markets open in turbulent times.
Atingiu o seu objetivo original de ajudar os governos a manter os mercados abertos em tempos turbulentos.
In the face of mighty [poderosos] shocks, from the global financial crisis to the pandemic, the world did not repeat the 1930s spiral of protectionism and depression, instead allowing cross-border demand and supply to be an engine for recovery.
Perante choques poderosos, desde a crise financeira global até à pandemia, o mundo não repetiu a espiral de protecionismo e depressão da década de 1930, permitindo, em vez disso, que a procura e a oferta transfronteiriças fossem um motor para a recuperação.
[4º PARÁGRAFO]
Today, the multilateral trading system is part of the solution to major global challenges, from climate change to conflict to pandemic preparedness.
Hoje, o sistema comercial multilateral faz parte da solução para os principais desafios globais, desde as alterações climáticas aos conflitos e à preparação para pandemias.
And a reformed WTO, fit for the twenty-first century, is needed now more than ever, with rules that underpin the stability, predictability, and openness of the global trading system.
E uma OMC reformada, adequada ao século XXI, é agora mais necessária do que nunca, com regras que apoiem a estabilidade, a previsibilidade e a abertura do sistema comercial global.
In the past 15 years we have learned that unforeseen crises surely lie [ficam, situam-se] ahead and that without the stabilizing force of trade, the world will almost certainly be less able to weather [enfrentar, resistir] them.
Nos últimos 15 anos, aprendemos que crises imprevistas certamente estão por vir e que sem a força estabilizadora do comércio, o mundo será quase certamente menos capaz de enfrentá-las [resistir].
34 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
With which of the following statements would the author of the article be most likely to agree?
(A) Without a robust and extensive international trading system, the world must inevitably collapse into a catastrophic war of all against all.
(B) It is no exaggeration to affirm that while the world’s current
trading system is certainly imperfect, it is the best we can do for now.
(C) Superior military power combined with an aggressive international trade policy is a country’s only guarantee against a foreign enemy.
(D) Nowadays, the two countries that most rely on international trade as a substitute for military aggression are the United States and China.
(E) Although the world’s current trading system is less than perfect, it at least does seem to make armed conflict between the United States and China less attractive.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
With which of the following statements would the author of the article be most likely to agree?
Com qual das seguintes afirmações o autor do artigo provavelmente concordaria?
(A) Without a robust and extensive international trading system, the world must inevitably collapse into a catastrophic war of all against all.
Sem um sistema comercial internacional robusto e extenso, o mundo deverá inevitavelmente entrar em colapso numa guerra catastrófica de todos contra todos.
(B) It is no exaggeration to affirm that while the world’s current trading system is certainly imperfect, it is the best we can do for now.
Não é exagero afirmar que, embora o atual sistema comercial mundial seja certamente imperfeito, é o melhor que podemos fazer neste momento.
(C) Superior military power combined with an aggressive international trade policy is a country’s only guarantee against a foreign enemy.
Um poder militar superior combinado com uma política comercial internacional agressiva é a única garantia de um país contra um inimigo estrangeiro.
(D) Nowadays, the two countries that most rely on international trade as a substitute for military aggression are the United States and China.
Hoje em dia, os dois países que mais dependem do comércio internacional como substituto da agressão militar são os Estados Unidos e a China.
(E) Although the world’s current trading system is less than perfect, it at least does seem to make armed conflict between the United States and China less attractive.
Embora o atual sistema comercial mundial não seja perfeito, pelo menos parece tornar o conflito armado entre os Estados Unidos e a China menos atraente.
35 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
In paragraph 2, “They” in the phrase “They worked across geopolitical and policy fault lines” most likely refers to which of the following?
(A) Proponents of strategic competition and strategic cooperation.
(B) The WTO ministers and the agreements they reached last summer.
(C) The members of the WTO.
(D) Recently implemented WTO reforms.
(E) The members of the WTO who are working to remove the flaws in the world’s multilateral trading system.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
36 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
In paragraph 3, the author most likely mentions “the 1930s spiral of protectionism and depression” in order to
(A) point out what will probably occur if the WTO is not reformed.
(B) help explain why she supports certain WTO-endorsed multilateral trade policies.
(C) illustrate how armed conflict used to begin in the days before the founding of the WTO.
(D) highlight an occasion when the WTO failed to prevent economic disaster.
(E) argue that such a spiral is what takes place when governments fail to implement strong national trade policies.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
In paragraph 3, the author most likely mentions “the 1930s spiral of protectionism and depression” in order to
No parágrafo 3, o autor provavelmente menciona “a espiral de protecionismo e depressão da década de 1930” para
(A) point out what will probably occur if the WTO is not reformed.
apontar o que provavelmente ocorrerá se a OMC não for reformada.
(B) help explain why she supports certain WTO-endorsed multilateral trade policies.
ajudar a explicar porque apoia certas políticas comerciais multilaterais aprovadas pela OMC.
(C) illustrate how armed conflict used to begin in the days before the founding of the WTO.
ilustrar como o conflito armado costumava começar nos dias anteriores à fundação da OMC.
(D) highlight an occasion when the WTO failed to prevent economic disaster.
destacar uma ocasião em que a OMC não conseguiu evitar o desastre econômico.
(E) argue that such a spiral is what takes place when governments fail to implement strong national trade policies.
argumentam que tal espiral é o que ocorre quando os governos não conseguem implementar políticas comerciais nacionais fortes.
37 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article,
(A) strategic cooperation protects the world from disaster.
(B) wars do not stimulate development and prosperity.
(C) widespread protectionism inevitably leads to economic disaster.
(D) by itself, multilateral cooperation on trade can do nothing to promote world peace.
(E) even the most efficient and robust multilateral cooperation on trade cannot promote a reasonable distribution of wealth.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
According to the information in the article,
De acordo com as informações do artigo,
(A) strategic cooperation protects the world from disaster.
a cooperação estratégica protege o mundo de desastres.
(B) wars do not stimulate development and prosperity.
as guerras não estimulam o desenvolvimento e a prosperidade.
(C) widespread protectionism inevitably leads to economic disaster.
o proteccionismo generalizado conduz inevitavelmente ao desastre económico.
(D) by itself, multilateral cooperation on trade can do nothing to promote world peace.
por si só, a cooperação multilateral no comércio não pode fazer nada para promover a paz mundial.
(E) even the most efficient and robust multilateral cooperation on trade cannot promote a reasonable distribution of wealth.
mesmo a cooperação multilateral mais eficiente e robusta em matéria de comércio não pode promover uma distribuição razoável da riqueza.
❑ TEXTO 3: Texto para as questões de 38 a 40.
A TELEVISION DRAMA ABOUT TAIWANESE POLITICS
1 Presidential elections in Taiwan will soon take place. Functionaries in the two main parties frantically smear [mancham a reputação de] the rival candidate and scramble [se esforçam] to shape the image of their own candidate, hiring influencers, inventing catchy [cativantes] slogans, and filming touching [comoventes] moments with voters on the street. But there is one key difference between the universe of “Wave Makers,” a hit political drama that came out on Netflix in April, and Taiwanese reality: in the series, the China question, usually at the center of the island’s politics, does not
exist.
2 This concept means that the focus is on domestic issues rather than grand matters of national identity or the threat of invasion. Drawing on deep research and interviews, the show zooms in on the sacrifices women are asked to make for supposedly important causes. It tells a hopeful story of one
brave female character standing up for [defendendo] another woman.
3 The fictional election is a vehicle to examine thorny [espinhosas] questions of politics and morality. How much should people be willing to give up for the sake of a wider goal? Where is the line between pragmatic compromise and hypocrisy? All the characters wrestle with clashes [conflitos,
embates] between their political mission and personal ideals. The liberal presidential nominee is against the death penalty but fears to say so in public. A young campaigner is castigated as unethical by his friends for missing protests because he was busy making party-propaganda videos. His wellworn [bem usada] answer is that power, not protests, brings change.
- Adapted from The Economist, June 24, 2023.
38 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
The author most likely presents all of the following as typical
components of a Taiwanese presidential campaign except
(A) Party workers under pressure to ruin the reputation of the opposing candidate.
(B) Appealing to sentimentality to attract votes.
(C) Relying on the paid help of important people connected to the social media.
(D) Trying to invent political phrases that people will find appealing and easy to remember.
(E) Concentrating exclusively on domestic Taiwanese political issues.
Comentários e Gabarito E
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
39 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
Which of the following is most likely one of the main questions that “Wave Makers” examines?
(A) Why and under what circumstances are women in Taiwanese politics expected to make certain hard decisions?
(B) Will women ever play an important role in Taiwanese politics?
(C) Have political issues such as Taiwan’s national identity and the threat of a Chinese invasion become irrelevant?
(D) In politics, why should it be necessarily worse to betray a friend than to betray a political cause?
(E) If women control Taiwanese politics one day, will anything
fundamentally change?
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO :
40 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
In paragraph 3, the sentence “The liberal presidential nominee is against the death penalty, but fears to say so in public” most likely means approximately the same as which of the following?
(A) The liberal party intends to abolish the death penalty but can only reveal that information after winning the election.
(B) In politics in Taiwan, as in many countries, gaining power is a matter of life and death.
(C) In Taiwan, a politician’s professed political ideology is only a mask for economic self-interest.
(D) The presidential nominee has decided that winning an election is more important than honestly expressing a personal belief.
(E) The presidential nominee’s approach to politics may be defined by one word – dissimulation.
Comentários e Gabarito D
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❑ TEXTO 4: Texto para as questões de 41 a 43
MONKEYS THAT PLAY TOGETHER STAY TOGETHER
By Brittany Steff
1 Play is a serious business [Brincar é negócio sério] through which young animals learn life skills. And it turns out that [acontece que] adult howler
monkeys also rely on play to ease social tensions and avoid conflicts.
2 A team of scientists led by behavioral ecologist Norberto Asensio studied two species of wild howler monkeys: the Mexican howler monkey in Mexico and the golden-mantled howler monkey in Costa Rica. They tracked how much time monkeys spent playing and with whom.
3 Unlike many other monkey species, adult howler monkeys don’t spend time grooming [a prática pela qual um primata cuida do asseio de outro primata, catando piolhos, por exemplo] each other to solidify social bonds [ligações], and they don’t have established social and hierarchical roles. They need another way to build and maintain social networks.
4 The scientists found that there is a correlation between the time adults spend playing, the availability of sought-after [cobiçada] fruit, and the size of groups. Howler monkey diets consist primarily of leaves, yet they lack a specialized stomach to process them. They spend long periods resting to digest and extract energy from the tough cellulose of leaves. Fruit is an energy boost [estímulo], but it is a potential source of conflict and competition within the group.
5 “Maybe through play they keep the group together,” said Asensio. “Play, like grooming, is a way of getting close to another individual in a friendly way. No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that. They need play because they don’t have another behavior to regulate
social relationships.”
- Adapted from Natural History, June 2020.
41 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article, when they began their research, Norberto Asensio and his team of scientists most likely
(A) hoped to discover how young howler monkeys learn grooming skills.
(B) discovered that unlike the adults of other primate species, adult howler monkeys don’t play with their young.
(C) discovered that the social structure of howler monkeys is more rudimentary than that of other primate species.
(D) believed that there was something unusual about the social structure of howler monkeys.
(E) could not imagine a primate social structure in which adult-adult grooming did not play a major role.
Comentários e Gabarito D
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42 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
Which of the following is most likely not supported by the information in the article?
(A) The long and tiring digestive process of howler monkeys and the constant competition for fruit make adult-adult grooming impossible.
(B) If fruit were not a part of the diet of howler monkeys, their social groups might be more peaceful.
(C) For howler monkeys, digesting a meal is normally a long and tiring process.
(D) An available source of fruit might help determine which howler monkeys are the most skilled at getting what they want.
(E) Though fruit is a sought-after item, it cannot in general be
considered a crucial part of the howler-monkey diet.
Comentários e Gabarito A
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43 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
In the last paragraph, the sentence “No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that” most likely indicates that
(A) without play, howler-monkey adults would be forced to start grooming each other.
(B) without play, the howler monkeys’ group social structure would quickly descend into chaos and violence.
(C) without play as an integral part of the howler-monkey social
structure, group cohesion could tend to disintegrate.
(D) without group cohesion, howler-monkey survival will be seriously threatened.
(E) grooming and play are by far the elements that most contribute to vigorous primate group activity.
Comentários e Gabarito C
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❑ TEXTO 5: Texto para as questões 44 e 45.
THE GREAT POWER OF NONVIOLENCE
1 It’s a philosophy that could be said to date back to Christ’s admonition to his followers to “turn the other cheek” [“dar a outra face”]. But the philosophy of nonviolence saw its most dramatic application in two powerful episodes of 20th-century history. Mohandas Gandhi (1869-1948), leader of India’s movement to gain independence from Great Britain, once said, “There are many causes I am prepared to die for, but none I am prepared to kill for.” He first applied that philosophy to the independence struggle in the Non-Cooperation Movement, a campaign from 1920 to 1922 that rested on tactics like a consumer boycott of British-made goods and a call for Indians to withdraw from British institutions in India, including schools, courts, the civil service, and police forces. Gandhi called off the campaign after violent clashes [embates] between police and protesters led to deaths on both sides, making him fear that the movement was losing sight of its nonviolent principles. But he would later pursue other nonviolent campaigns that would result in Britain granting independence to India in 1947.
2 In the decade that followed, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-68) applied Gandhi’s methods to the struggle to win civil rights for African Americans. In the face of constant provocations, including beatings, shootings, and the bombing of a Birmingham, Alabama church, King led a nonviolent campaign of boycotts and civil disobedience that bore fruit [deu frutos] in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Like Gandhi, King would be assassinated. But the example of both men lives on as an inspiration to the world.
- Adapted from 100 Great Ideas That Changed The World.
44 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article, in the period from 1920 to 1922,
(A) Gandhi formulated an Indian independence campaign based on a limited use of nonviolence.
(B) Gandhi led a campaign that he hoped would severely limit the interaction of Indians with British institutions and commerce.
(C) The Indian independence movement showed its vitality and strength by killing several British officials.
(D) Several of Gandhi’s violence-advocating Indian rivals nearly took control of the Indian independence movement.
(E) Gandhi formulated a political action movement taken directly from the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Comentários e Gabarito B
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45 – (FGV/GRADUAÇÃO-ADMINISTRAÇÃO-2024-VESTIBULAR-1º SEMESTRE)
According to the information in the article, in the 1950s,
(A) Martin Luther King supplanted Gandhi as the leader of the
worldwide nonviolent movement.
(B) Martin Luther King acknowledged Gandhi as the spiritual father of his belief in nonviolence.
(C) the followers of Martin Luther King tried unsuccessfully to win civil rights for African Americans by resorting, at first, to constant provocations.
(D) Martin Luther King escaped death many times before finally being assassinated in the next decade.
(E) though a relatively young man, Martin Luther King had less than 20 years left to live.
Comentários e Gabarito E
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