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UERJ (UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO)-Vestibular Estadual-2022-Exame Único. From https://www.vestibular.uerj.br.
❑ ESTRUTURA DA PROVA:
• 07 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each MCQ.
• Texto – | Essential reading on, and beyond, Indigenous Peoples Day | sierraclub.org |
❑ TEXTO: O romance Animal Farm (“A revolução dos bichos”), de George Orwell, se passa numa fazenda onde
animais, liderados pelo porco Old Major, decidem fazer uma revolução. São apresentados abaixo
dois trechos do romance: o primeiro, de sua parte inicial, quando a fazenda ainda é administrada
por Mr. Jones; o segundo, de sua parte final, quando passa a ser controlada pelos animais.
>> PART 1:
Word had gone round during the day that Old Major (…) had had a strange dream on the previous
night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all
meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way.
(…) When Major saw that they had all made themselves comfortable and were waiting attentively,
he cleared his throat and began: “Now comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face
it: our lives are miserable, laborious, and short. (…) Why then do we continue in this miserable
condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human
beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word: Man.
Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and
overwork is abolished forever. Man is the only creature that consumes without producing. He does
not give milk, he does not lay eggs (…), yet he is lord of all the animals. (…) Is it not crystal clear,
then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of human beings? Only
get rid of Man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. (…) That is my message to you,
comrades: Rebellion!”
>> PART 2:
Years passed. The seasons came and went, the short animal lives fled by. A time came when there
was no one who remembered the old days before the Rebellion (...).
Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves
any richer − except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. (...) It was not that these creatures did
not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer* was never tired of explaining, endless work
in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other
animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to
expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called “files”, “reports”, “minutes” and
“memoranda”. These were large sheets of paper which had to be closely covered with writing, and
as soon as they were so covered, they were burnt in the furnace. This was of the highest importance
for the welfare of the farm, Squealer said. But still, neither pigs nor dogs produced any food by their
own labour; and there were very many of them, and their appetites were always good. As for the
others, their life, so far as they knew, was as it had always been. They were generally hungry, they
slept on straw, they drank from the pool, they laboured in the fields. (…)
And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of
honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole
county — in all England! — owned and operated by animals. (…)
* Squealer is the name of a pig.
- GEORGE ORWELL Animal Farm. Londres: Longman, 1945.
12 – (UERJ-2022-Vestibular-Exame Único) Animal Farm opens with a clandestine meeting of the animals, motivated by Old Major’s dream.
The aim of this meeting is to pass on the following message:
(A) For the animals’ lives to be happy, man has to be eliminated.
(B) For the animals to have peace, man has to understand their nature.
(C) For the animals to live in a better condition, man has to be undervalued.
(D) For the animals’ work to succeed, man has to stop stealing their produce.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO :
Animal Farm opens with a clandestine meeting of the animals, motivated by Old Major’s dream.
A "Revolução dos Bichos" inicia-se com um encontro clandestino dos animais, motivado pelo sonho do Old Major.
The aim of this meeting is to pass on the following message:
O objetivo desta reunião é transmitir a seguinte mensagem:
(A) For the animals’ lives to be happy, man has to be eliminated.
Para que a vida dos animais seja feliz, o homem tem que ser eliminado.
(B) For the animals to have peace, man has to understand their nature.
Para que os animais tenham paz, o homem precisa de compreender a sua natureza.
(C) For the animals to live in a better condition, man has to be undervalued.
Para que os animais vivam em melhores condições, o homem tem que ser desvalorizado.
(D) For the animals’ work to succeed, man has to stop stealing their produce.
Para que o trabalho dos animais tenha sucesso, o homem tem de deixar de roubar os seus produtos.
>> JUSTIFICATIVA: O discurso de Old Major apresenta diferentes aspectos negativos do ser
humano. Assim, os animais se reúnem para organizar uma rebelião com o propósito de que o
homem seja eliminado, conforme o trecho:
- "[...] Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word: Man. Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove Man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever."
- Porque continuamos então nessa condição miserável? Porque quase todo o produto do nosso trabalho nos é roubado pelos seres humanos. Aí, camaradas, está a resposta para todos os nossos problemas. Tudo se resume numa única palavra: Homem. O homem é o único inimigo real que temos. Retirem o Homem de cena e a causa profunda da fome e do excesso de trabalho será abolida para sempre.
13 – (UERJ-2022-Vestibular-Exame Único) The first paragraph contains three clauses in the Past Perfect.
In these clauses, this verb tense refers to actions that can be described as:
(A) expressing habits in the past
(B) conveying recent past events
(C) starting in the past and still in progress
(D) happening before other ones in the past
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - PAST PERFECT (HAD + Past Participle) :
The first paragraph contains three clauses in the Past Perfect.
O primeiro parágrafo contém três orações no Past Perfect.
In these clauses, this verb tense refers to actions that can be described as:
Nestas orações, este tempo verbal refere-se a ações que podem ser descritas como:
(A) expressing habits in the past
expressar hábitos no passado
(B) conveying recent past events
transmitir eventos passados recentes
(C) starting in the past and still in progress
com início no passado e ainda em curso
(D) happening before other ones in the past
acontecer antes de outros no passado
>> PAST PERFECT: Usamos o Passado Perfeito quando queremos falar de algo que aconteceu antes de algum outro acontecimento no passado, e a ordem dos acontecimentos pode ser por conjunções como BEFORE, THEN, NEXT, LATER, AS SOON AS, PREVIOUS, etc. O primeiro parágrafo contém três orações no Past Perfect, ou seja, apresenta três ações que aconteceram antes de outras no passado, ou seja: aconteceram antes da reunião dos animais:
- "[...] Word had gone round during the day that Old Major (…) had had a strange dream on the previous night and wished to communicate it to the other animals. It had been agreed that they should all meet in the big barn as soon as Mr. Jones was safely out of the way."
- Durante o dia, correu a notícia de que o Velho Major (…) tivera um sonho estranho na noite anterior e desejava comunicá-lo aos outros animais. Ficou acordado que todos eles deveriam encontrar-se no grande celeiro assim que o Sr. Jones estiver em segurança fora do caminho.
14 – (UERJ-2022-Vestibular-Exame Único)
- It is summed up in a single word: Man. (l. 8)
The underlined word refers to the following idea:
(A) the produce of the farm labour
(B) the excuse for a miserable condition
(C) the answer to all the animals’ problems
(D) the reason for almost all human suffering
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICO - ANÁFORA "PRONOME E O ELEMENTO REFERENCIADO" :
- "[...] Why then do we continue in this miserable condition? Because nearly the whole of the produce of our labour is stolen from us by human beings. There, comrades, is the answer to all our problems. It is summed up in a single word: Man."
- Porque continuamos então nessa condição miserável? Porque quase todo o produto do nosso trabalho nos é roubado pelos seres humanos. Aí, camaradas, está a resposta para todos os nossos problemas. Tudo se resume numa única palavra: Homem.
The underlined word refers to the following idea:
(A) the produce of the farm labour
o produto do trabalho agrícola
(B) the excuse for a miserable condition
a desculpa para uma condição miserável
(C) the answer to all the animals’ problems
a resposta a todos os problemas dos animais
(D) the reason for almost all human suffering
a razão de quase todo o sofrimento humano
15 – (UERJ-2022-Vestibular-Exame Único)
- He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs (...), yet he is lord of all the animals. (l. 10-11)
The underlined word expresses the following meaning:
(A) addition
(B) contrast
(C) probability
(D) completion
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICO - "YET as a CONJUCTION" MARCADOR DE DISCURSO, & VALOR SEMÂNTICO :
- He does not give milk, he does not lay eggs (...), yet he is lord of all the animals. (l. 10-11)
- Não dá leite, não põe ovos, e no entanto, ele é o senhor de todos os animais.
The underlined word expresses the following meaning:
(A) addition adição
(B) contrast contraste
(C) probability probabilidade
(D) completion conclusão
>> "YET" - como conjunção significa "mas" ou "no entanto" e utilizada para mostrar contraste. Geralmente ocorre depois AND:
16 – (UERJ-2022-Vestibular-Exame Único)
- There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and organization of the farm. (l. 19-20)
The main purpose of Squealer’s explanation is described below:
(A) to postpone administrative farm work
(B) to show the similarity between two kinds of work
(C) to recognize the importance of other animals’ work
(D) to prevent animals from questioning their own work
Comentários e Gabarito D
TÓPICO - VOCABULÁRIO & DEDUÇÃO :
- There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and organization of the farm.
- Havia, como Squealer nunca se cansava de explicar, um trabalho interminável na supervisão e organização da fazenda.
The main purpose of Squealer’s explanation is described below:
O principal objetivo da explicação de Squealer é descrito abaixo:
(A) to postpone administrative farm work
adiar o trabalho administrativo da fazenda
(B) to show the similarity between two kinds of work
mostrar a semelhança entre dois tipos de trabalho
(C) to recognize the importance of other animals’ work
reconhecer a importância do trabalho de outros animais
(D) to prevent animals from questioning their own work
evitar que os animais questionem o seu próprio trabalho
>> JUSTIFICATIVA: Conforme o texto, é dito que os animais eram muito ignorantes para entender o trabalho de supervisão e organização da fazenda. Squealer se aproveita dessa ignorância para descrever esse trabalho de forma irônica como interminável (endless) e, consequentemente, fazer com que os animais trabalhassem sem questionamentos.
- [...] Somehow it seemed as though the farm had grown richer without making the animals themselves any richer − except, of course, for the pigs and the dogs. (...) It was not that these creatures did not work, after their fashion. There was, as Squealer was never tired of explaining, endless work in the supervision and organization of the farm. Much of this work was of a kind that the other animals were too ignorant to understand. For example, Squealer told them that the pigs had to expend enormous labours every day upon mysterious things called “files”, “reports”, “minutes” and “memoranda”"
- De alguma forma, parecia que a fazenda tinha prosperada sem que os animais ficassem mais ricos — exceto, claro, os porcos e os cães. (...) Não que estas criaturas não trabalhassem, à sua maneira. Havia, como Squealer que nunca se cansava de explicar, um trabalho interminável na supervisão e organização da quinta. Grande parte deste trabalho era de um tipo que os outros animais eram demasiado ignorantes para compreender. Por exemplo, Squealer disse-lhes que os porcos tinham que despender enormes esforços todos os dias em coisas misteriosas chamadas “ficheiros”, “relatórios”, “minutas” e “memorandos”.
17 – (UERJ-2022-Vestibular-Exame Único)
- they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. (l. 29-30)
The fragment above implies that the animals, except for the pigs and dogs, lack the following value:
(A) honesty
(B) innocence
(C) awareness
(D) comradeship
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO :
- they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm.
- Nunca perderam, nem por um instante, o seu sentido de honra e privilégio por serem membros da Revolução dos Bichos.
The fragment above implies that the animals, except for the pigs and dogs, lack the following value:
O fragmento acima implica que os animais, exceto os porcos e os cães, não têm o seguinte valor:
(A) honesty honestidade
(B) innocence inocência
(C) awareness consciência
(D) comradeship camaradagem
>> JUSTIFICATIVA: Mesmo sendo explorados, os animais se sentiam honrados e privilegiados por serem membros da fazenda. O que se infere, uma falta de compreensão e visão crítica da situação em que viviam os animais, ou seja, havia uma "lack of awareness".
- "[...] They were generally hungry, they slept on straw, they drank from the pool, they laboured in the fields. And yet the animals never gave up hope. More, they never lost, even for an instant, their sense of honour and privilege in being members of Animal Farm. They were still the only farm in the whole county — in all England! — owned and operated by animals."
- Geralmente passavam fome, dormiam na palha, bebiam água da piscina e trabalhavam nos campos. E, no entanto, os animais nunca perderam a esperança. Além disso, nunca perderam, nem por um instante, o seu sentido de honra e privilégio por serem membros da Revolução dos Bichos. Eram ainda a única quinta em todo o condado — em toda a Inglaterra! — propriedade e operados por animais.
>> "AWARENESS" – "consciência", "conscientização".
18 – (UERJ-2022-Vestibular-Exame Único) The two parts of the story teach a lesson, which may be summarized in the sentence below:
(A) Once you have power, you will always act the same way.
(B) Whoever you are, you should always care for other people.
(C) Whatever happens, you should never believe in human goodness.
(D) No matter how hard you work, your efforts will never be recognized.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & IDENTIFICAÇÃO DA IDEIA PRINCIPAL DO TEXTO :
The two parts of the story teach a lesson, which may be summarized in the sentence below:
As duas partes da história ensinam uma lição, que pode ser resumida na frase abaixo:
(A) Once you have power, you will always act the same way.
Uma vez que tenha poder, agirá sempre da mesma forma.
(B) Whoever you are, you should always care for other people.
Seja quem for, deve sempre preocupar-se com as outras pessoas.
(C) Whatever happens, you should never believe in human goodness.
Aconteça o que acontecer, nunca deve acreditar na bondade humana.
(D) No matter how hard you work, your efforts will never be recognized.
Por mais que trabalhe, os seus esforços nunca serão reconhecidos.
>> >> JUSTIFICATIVA:
- Na 1ª parte do texto, o discurso de Old Major dá a esperança de que ao ocupar o lugar de poder do homem, todos os animais prosperariam.
- Na 2ª parte, fica claro que o objetivo da rebelião na verdade era beneficiar um grupo específico de animais (cachorros e porcos).
- Sendo assim, as duas partes da história ensinam uma lição, que pode ser resumida na frase "Uma vez que tenha poder, agirá sempre da mesma forma", ou seja, independentemente de quem tenha o poder, o homem ou outros animais, eles , agirão da mesma forma, explorando seus subalternos.
