UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS-INSTITUTO IBGP-VESTIBULAR-2019.
❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:
06 MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions) / 4 Options Each Question.
PROVA, TRADUÇÃO, GABARITO & MUITO VOCABULÁRIO
❑ Read the text to answer questions 49 to 53.
Fire Devastates Brazil's Oldest Science Museum
The overnight inferno likely claimed fossils, cultural artifacts, and more irreplaceable collections amassed over 200 years.
By Michael Greshko
______________________________________
PUBLISHED September 6, 2018
Major pieces of Brazil's scientific and cultural heritage went up in smoke on September 2, as a devastating fire ripped through much of Rio de Janeiro's Museu Nacional, or National Museum. Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America, amassing a collection of some 20 million scientifically and culturally invaluable artifacts.
The Museu Nacional's holdings include Luzia, an 11,500-year-old skull considered one of South
America's oldest human fossils, as well as the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long-necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus. Because of the auction tastes of Brazil's 19th-century emperors, the Museu Nacional also ended up with Latin America's oldest collection of Egyptian mummies and artifacts.
Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon. The complex also served as the palace for Brazil's post-independence emperors until 1889, before the museum collections were transferred there in 1902.
In an September 5 email, Museu Nacional curator
Débora Pires wrote that the entomology and arachnology collections were completely destroyed, as was most of the mollusk collection. However,
technicians had braved the fire to save 80 percent of the mollusk holotypes—the specimens that formally serve as the global references for a given species. The museum's vertebrate specimens, herbarium, and library were housed separately and survived the fire.
(...)
An Irreplaceable Loss
It's not yet clear how the fire started, but it did begin after the museum was closed to the public, and no injuries have yet been reported. Firefighters worked through the night to douse the burnt-out shell of the main building, but it seems the blaze has already seared a gaping hole in many scientists' careers.
“The importance of the collections that were lost
couldn't be overstated,” says Luiz Rocha, a Brazilian ichthyologist now at the California Academy of Sciences who has visited the Museu Nacional several times to study its collections. “They were unique as it gets: Many of them were irreplaceable, there's no way to put a monetary value on it.”
“In terms of [my] life-long research agenda, I'm pretty much lost,” says Marcus Guidoti, a Brazilian
entomologist finishing up his Ph.D. in a program co-run by Brazil's Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul.
Guidoti studies lace bugs, an insect family with more than 2,000 species worldwide. The Museu Nacional held one of the world's largest lace bug collections, but the fire likely destroyed it and the rest of the museum's five million arthropod specimens.
“Those type specimens can't be replaced, and they are crucial to understand the species,” he says by text message.
“If I was willing to keep working on this family in this region of the globe, this was definitely a big hit.”
Paleontologist Dimila Mothé, a postdoctoral researcher at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, adds that the blows to science extend beyond thecollections themselves.
“It's not only the cultural history, the natural history, but all the theses and research developed there,” she says. “Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact
of what was lost.”
Brazil’s indigenous knowledge also has suffered. The Museu Nacional housed world-renowned collections of indigenous objects, as well as many audio recordings of indigenous languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.
“I have no words to say how horrible this is,” says
Brazilian anthropologist Mariana Françozo, an expert on South American indigenous objects at Leiden University.
“The indigenous collections are a tremendous loss ... we can no longer study them, we can no longer understand what our ancestors did. It’s heartbreaking.”
On Monday, The Brazilian publication G1 Rio reported that ashes of burned documents — some still flecked in notes or illustrations — have rained down from the sky more than a mile away from the Museu Nacional, thrown aloft by the inferno.
(...)
Editor's Note: This story was updated on September 6, 2018, with new details about which artifacts survived the fire.
Taken from: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2018/09/news-museu-nacional-fire-rio-de-janeiro-natural-history/. Access: 11 dez. 2018.
49 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2019)In the excerpt
“Founded in 1818, the museum is Brazil's oldest scientific institution and one of the largest and most renowned museums in Latin America”
we have 3 (three) occurrences of:
A) The superlative of inferiority of adjectives.
B) The superlative of superiority of adjectives.
C) The comparative of inferiority of adjectives.
D) The comparative of superiority of adjectives.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
50 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2019)In the excerpt
“Even the building holds historical importance: It housed the exiled Portuguese royal family from 1808 to 1821, after they fled to Rio de Janeiro in 1807 to escape Napoleon”,
the word IT refers to:
A) The building.
B) Importance.
C) Royal family.
D) Rio de Janeiro.
Comentários e Gabarito A
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
51 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2019)According to the text about the Brazilian National Museum, the fire
A) burned vertebrate specimens, herbarium and
library.
B) destroyed entomology and arachnology collections.
C) provoked the exile of the Portuguese royal
family.
D) reached renowned museums in Latin America.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
52 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2019)The fire caused damages and losses in different areas of the National Museum, EXCEPT in:
A) Paleontology.
B) Entomology.
C) Herbology.
D) Anthropology.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
The fire caused damages and losses in different areas of the National Museum, EXCEPT in:
A) Paleontology.
B) Entomology.
C) Herbology.
D) Anthropology.
53 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2019)The correct reported speech form for the sentence
“Most of the laboratories there were lost, too, and the research of several professors. I'm not sure you can say the impact of what was lost”,
said by Dimila Mothé, is:
A) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories
there were lost, too, and the research of several
professors and she is not sure one can say the
impact of what was lost.
B) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories
there had been lost, too, and the research of
several professors and she was not sure one
could say the impact of what had been lost.
C) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories
there were lost, too, and the research of several
professors and she was not sure one could say
the impact of what was lost.
D) Dimila Mothé said that most of the laboratories
there are lost, too, and the research of several
professors and she was not sure one can say the
impact of what was lost.
Comentários e Gabarito B
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
54 – (UEMG-VESTIBULAR-2019)
Lima Barreto’s work (Sad End of Policarpo Quaresma) describes a man who acted in some areas along his life.
Check the alternative that shows the area that it was
NOT active.
A) Agriculture.
B) Music.
C) Medicine.
D) Politics.
Comentários e Gabarito C
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Lima Barreto’s work (Sad End of Policarpo Quaresma) describes a man who acted in some areas along his life.
Check the alternative that shows the area that it was
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False). According to this quote by Professor Kovin Naidoo, it’s correct to say:
( ) Eye disability plays a minor role on an individual’s poverty status.
( ) Poor vision puts students at a disadvantage in the classroom.
( ) Poor eye health can lead to or worsen poverty.
( ) Vision impairment and poverty are linked to each other.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
01) T F T F
02) F T F T
03) T F T T
04) F T T T
05) T T T T
Comentários e Gabarito 04 TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False). According to this quote by Professor Kovin Naidoo, it’s correct to say:
Preencha os parênteses com T (Verdadeiro) ou F (Falso). De acordo com esta citação do Professor Kovin Naidoo, é correto dizer:
( F ) Eye disability plays a minor role on an individual’s poverty status. A deficiência ocular desempenha um papel menor na situação de pobreza de um indivíduo.
( T ) Poor vision puts students at a disadvantage in the classroom. A visão deficiente coloca os alunos em desvantagem na sala de aula.
( T ) Poor eye health can lead to or worsen poverty. A má saúde ocular pode levar ou agravar a pobreza. A deficiência visual e a pobreza estão interligadas.
( T ) Vision impairment and poverty are linked to each other. A deficiência visual e a pobreza estão interligadas.
❑TEXTO 2:
A person’s success or failure at weight loss is not a reflection of their willpower reserve. There are
many factors — genetic, environmental and otherwise — that play into a person’s size, and a growing body
of research shows that when people lose weight, biological factors come into play, making it harder for
them to keep weight off after it’s gone.
Kevin Hall, a scientist at the National Institutes of Health, has found that when a person loses a
substantial amount of weight, their metabolism gets out of whack and their appetite increases proportionally,
causing them to eat about 100 calories more for every two pounds lost. While that doesn’t mean it’s
impossible to keep weight off in the long term, it does mean that struggling to do so is by no means a
reflection of willpower, motivation or work ethic.
A person’s success or failure at weight loss is not a reflection of their willpower reserve. O sucesso ou fracasso de uma pessoa na perda de peso não é reflexo de sua reserva de força de vontade.
There are many factors — genetic, environmental and otherwise — that play into a person’s size, and a growing body of research shows that when people lose weight, biological factors come into play, making it harder for them to keep weight off after it’s gone. Existem muitos fatores – genéticos, ambientais e outros – que influenciam o tamanho de uma pessoa, e um crescente conjunto de pesquisas mostra que quando as pessoas perdem peso, factores biológicos entram em jogo, tornando mais difícil para elas manter o peso depois de este desaparecer.
Kevin Hall, a scientist at the National Institutes of Health, has found that when a person loses a substantial amount of weight, their metabolism gets out of whack and their appetite increases proportionally, causing them to eat about 100 calories more for every two pounds lost. Kevin Hall, cientista do Instituto Nacional de Saúde, descobriu que quando uma pessoa perde uma quantidade substancial de peso, seu metabolismo fica fora de controle e seu apetite aumenta proporcionalmente, fazendo com que ela coma cerca de 100 calorias a mais para cada um quilo perdido.
While that doesn’t mean it’s impossible to keep weight off in the long term, it does mean that struggling to do so is by no means a reflection of willpower, motivation or work ethic. Embora isso não signifique que seja impossível manter o peso a longo prazo, significa que lutar para o conseguir não é de forma alguma um reflexo de força de vontade, motivação ou ética de trabalho.
17 – (UNEB/2019-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the text, some people have trouble losing weight
due to
01) unreliable diets.
02) unrealistic goals.
03) inability to exercise.
04) quick results expectations.
05) genetically related conditions.
Comentários e Gabarito 05 TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Segundo o texto, algumas pessoas têm dificuldade para perder peso devido a
01) unreliable diets. dietas não confiáveis.
02) unrealistic goals. metas irrealistas.
03) inability to exercise. incapacidade de praticar exercícios.
04) quick results expectations. expectativas de resultados rápidos.
05) genetically related conditions. condições geneticamente relacionadas.
18 – (UNEB/2019-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)
Keving Hall says that when a person loses a lot of weight,
01) they usually manage to keep it off.
02) they feel encouraged to go on the diet.
03) their metabolism starts working normally.
04) they start eating more to compensate for that.
05) they simply give up trying a different diet.
Comentários e Gabarito 04 TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Keving Hall diz que quando uma pessoa perde muito peso,
01) they usually manage to keep it off. eles geralmente conseguem mantê-lo.
02) they feel encouraged to go on the diet. sentem-se incentivados a fazer dieta.
03) their metabolism starts working normally. seu metabolismo passa a funcionar normalmente.
04) they start eating more to compensate for that. passam a comer mais para compensar isso.
05) they simply give up trying a different diet. simplesmente desistem de tentar uma dieta diferente.
19 – (UNEB/2019-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)
In the sentence “it does mean that…” (l. 8), the verb form “does”
has been used
01) as a main verb.
02) to give emphasis.
03) as a transitive verb .
04) to form the interrogative.
05) to contradict a statement
Comentários e Gabarito 02 TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
Na frase “it does mean that…” a forma verbal “does” foi usada
01) as a main verb. como verbo principal.
02) to give emphasis. para dar ênfase.
03) as a transitive verb. como um verbo transitivo.
04) to form the interrogative. para formar a interrogativa.
05) to contradict a statement contradizer uma afirmação.
❑TEXTO 3:
Fitness trackers are popular accessories for
people who want to follow their steps and sleep,
but so far research suggests that they are not
especially good at helping people lose weight. In a 2016 study, researchers followed 470 people
who were trying to lose weight for two years.
People were split into groups and asked to either
follow a low-calorie diet, increase their physical
activity and attend group counseling, or to follow the same regimen but add wearable technology
six months in.
People using wearables lost 7.7 pounds on
average, but the people who weren’t using them
lost an average of 13 pounds. As wearables continue to advance, they may become more
useful for weight loss, but if you’re on the fence
about buying one, you can probably save your
money.
In January, two astronomers reported new evidence of a massive, shadowy Planet Nine tracing the outer limits of the solar system. Em janeiro, dois astrônomos relataram novas evidências de um enorme e sombrio Planeta Nove traçando os limites externos do sistema solar.
It has a mass 10 times that of the Earth, and its orbit takes it 20 times farther from the sun, on average, than Neptune. Tem uma massa 10 vezes maior que a da Terra e sua órbita o leva 20 vezes mais longe do Sol, em média, do que Netuno.
The catch? A pegada?
Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown of Caltech haven’t seen it — they inferred its existence from the behavior of smaller objects nearby that appear to be subject to its gravitational pull. Konstantin Batygin e Mike Brown, do Caltech, não o viram – inferiram a sua existência a partir do comportamento de objetos menores próximos que parecem estar sujeitos à sua atração gravitacional.
Now the search is on. Brown predicts astronomers will find it by 2018. Agora a busca está iniciada. Brown prevê que os astrônomos o encontrarão em 2018.
For the first time in a century, the global population of tigers has increased. Pela primeira vez em um século, a população global de tigres aumentou.
In 1900, there were approximately 100,000 tigers throughout Asia, a number that plummeted to 3,200 by 2010. Em 1900, havia aproximadamente 100 mil tigres em toda a Ásia, um número que caiu para 3.200 em 2010.
Scientists now say the trend has changed. Os cientistas dizem agora que a tendência mudou.
They estimate that the population has climbed to just under 3,900. Eles estimam que a população subiu para pouco menos de 3.900.
The increases have been seen in India, Russia, Nepal and Bhutan. Os aumentos foram observados na Índia, Rússia, Nepal e Butão.
Countries with tigers set a goal of doubling 5 tiger populations by 2022, and research suggests there is enough habitat left to accommodate this growth, if the animals are properly protected. Os países com tigres estabeleceram uma meta de duplicar 5 populações de tigres até 2022, e a investigação sugere que ainda existe habitat suficiente para acomodar este crescimento, se os animais forem devidamente protegidos.
The increase is due in part to improved protections against poaching in some areas, although that remains an ever-present threat. O aumento deve-se, em parte, à melhoria das proteções contra a caça furtiva em algumas áreas, embora esta continue a ser uma ameaça sempre presente.
24 – (UNEB/2019-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)
According to the text, fill in the parentheses with T (True) or F (False).
It’s stated in the text:
( ) The global population of tigers is on the rise.
( ) The population of tigers used to be much bigger in 2010.
( ) Countries with tigers expect to have twice the current number of these animals in the near future.
( ) A problem with tiger populations could be a shortage of territory for a sustainable growth.
The correct sequence, from top to bottom, is
01) T F T F
02) F T F T
03) T T F F
04) F F T T
05) T F T T
Comentários e Gabarito 02 TÓPICO - RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:
De acordo com o texto, preencha os parênteses com V (Verdadeiro) ou F (Falso). Está afirmado no texto:
( F ) The global population of tigers is on the rise. A população global de tigres está aumentando.
( T ) The population of tigers used to be much bigger in 2010. A população de tigres era muito maior em 2010.
( F ) Countries with tigers expect to have twice the current number of these animals in the near future. Os países com tigres esperam ter o dobro do número atual destes animais num futuro próximo.
( T ) A problem with tiger populations could be a shortage of territory for a sustainable growth. Um problema com as populações de tigres poderia ser a escassez de território para um crescimento sustentável.
25 – (UNEB/2019-VESTIBULAR-MEDICINA-1ºSEMESTRE)
“The increase is due in part to improved protections against poaching in some areas, although that remains an ever-present
threat.” (l. 6-7)
The pronoun that in this sentence refers to
01) lack of effective protection measures.
02) poverty problems in Asian countries.
03) uncontrolled growth of the tiger population.
04) illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals.
05) non-sustainable methods of population growth.
Comentários e Gabarito 03 TÓPICO - RELATIVE PRONOUN:
“The increase is due in part to improved protections against poaching in some areas, although that remains an ever-present threat.” (l. 6-7) O aumento deve-se, em parte, à melhoria das proteções contra a caça furtiva em algumas áreas, embora esta continue a ser uma ameaça sempre presente.
O pronome that nesta sentença refere-se a
01) lack of effective protection measures. falta de medidas de proteção eficazes.
02) poverty problems in Asian countries. problemas de pobreza nos países asiáticos.
03) uncontrolled growth of the tiger population. crescimento descontrolado da população de tigres.
04) illegal hunting or capturing of wild animals. caça ou captura ilegal de animais silvestres.
05) non-sustainable methods of population growth. métodos não sustentáveis de crescimento populacional.
