IME-VESTIBULAR-2011/2012–COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION, ANSWERS & LEXICAL APPROACH.

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❑ PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA:

• IME-VESTIBULAR-2011/2012-INSTITUTO MILITAR DE ENGENHARIA.

❑ ESTRUTURA-PROVA:

• 25 Multiple Choice Questions / 5 Options Each Question.

>> VOCABULÁRIO:

Para as questões de 01 a 10, leia o texto seguinte e complete as lacunas com a palavra ou expressão correta.

Atmospheric Physics is the study of physical processes in the atmosphere; understanding the climate and the weather, and the physical reasons __01__ it is as it is and how it might change in the future.         

My own particular research background is in radiative transfer and __02__ I mean the transport of electromagnetic radiation through the atmosphere; __03__ the Sun's radiation coming in, getting absorbed and scattered in the air, and the transfer of heat radiation emitted by the Earth's surface.
        
From a __04__ physics perspective there’s an awful lot of things about the atmosphere that we don't understand, and of course, it's very classical physics in the __05__ that it’s looking at fluid dynamics and thermodynamics applied to the natural environment. What motivates us really is to try and explain what we see in the environment, what __06__ it and what might change it in the future, both in __07__ of local weather but also climate, by __08__ I mean larger areas and larger timescales.
         
My background has led me to an interest in how solar radiation __09__ in the atmosphere, so __10__ at how changes in the Sun might affect the climate for the past year.

01 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012) 

(A) as
(B) because
(C) for
(D) why
(E) that

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• Atmospheric Physics is the study of physical processes in the atmosphere; understanding the climate and the weather, and the physical reasons why it is as it is and how it might change in the future.
• A Física Atmosférica é o estudo dos processos físicos na atmosfera; compreender o clima e o tempo, e as razões físicas pelas quais como ela é e como poderá mudar no futuro.  

(A) as
(B) because
(C) for
(D) why
(E) that

02 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) these
(B) as long as
(C) as soon as
(D) which
(E) by that

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICOS - "BY THAT I MEAN" (com isso quero dizer):

• My own particular research background is in radiative transfer and by that I mean the transport of electromagnetic radiation through the atmosphere;
• A minha experiência específica de investigação é em transferência radiativa e com isto quero dizer. o transporte de radiação eletromagnética através da atmosfera;

(A) these
(B) as long as
(C) as soon as
(D) which

(E) by that   

03 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) both
(B) neither
(C) if
(D) but
(E) not only

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICO - BOTH ..., AND ... :

• both the Sun's radiation coming in, getting absorbed and scattered in the air, and the transfer of heat radiation emitted by the Earth's surface.
• tanto a radiação do Sol que chega, sendo absorvida e dispersa no ar, como a transferência da radiação de calor emitida pela superfície da Terra.

(A) both
(B) neither
(C) if
(D) but

(E) not only   

04 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) purposely
(B) possibly
(C) purely
(D) poorly
(E) previously

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICO - PURELY:

• From a purely physics perspective there’s an awful lot of things about the atmosphere that we don't understand,
• Numa perspetiva puramente física, há muitas coisas sobre a atmosfera que não compreendemos,

(A) purposely
(B) possibly
(C) purely
(D) poorly

(E) previously   

05 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(a) away
(b) sense
(c) meaning
(d) understand
(e) definition

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - "IN THE SENSE THAT" (no sentido em que):

• it's very classical physics in the sense that it’s looking at fluid dynamics and thermodynamics applied to the natural environment.
• é uma física muito clássica no sentido em que analisa a dinâmica dos fluidos e a termodinâmica aplicada ao meio natural.

(a) away
(b) sense
(c) meaning
(d) understand

(e) definition   

06 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) affections
(B) cause
(C) effects
(D) affects
(E) demands

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• What motivates us really is to try and explain what we see in the environment, what affects it and what might change it in the future,
• O que realmente nos motiva é tentar explicar o que vemos no ambiente, o que o afeta e o que o poderá mudar no futuro,

(A) affections
(B) cause
(C) effects
(D) affects

(E) demands   

07 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) units
(B) reference
(C) relation
(D) conditions
(E) terms

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  

TÓPICO - IN TERMS OF:

• both in terms of local weather but also climate,
• tanto em termos de clima local, como também de clima,

(A) units
(B) reference
(C) relation
(D) conditions

(E) terms   

08 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) which
(B) who
(C) whom
(D) whose
(E) whether

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  

TÓPICOS - "BY WHICH I MEAN" (Com isto quero dizer):

• by which I mean larger areas and larger timescales.
• com isto quero dizer áreas maiores e escalas de tempo maiores.

(A) which
(B) who
(C) whom
(D) whose

(E) whether   

09 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) absorbed
(B) is absorbing
(C) has absorbed
(D) is absorbed
(E) absorbs

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - PASSIVE VOICE ("to be" + Past Participle):

• My background has led me to an interest in how solar radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere,
• A minha formação levou-me a interessar-me pela forma como a radiação solar é absorvida na atmosfera,

(A) absorbed
(B) is absorbing
(C) has absorbed
(D) is absorbed

(E) absorbs   

10 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

(A) I had looked
(B) I've been looking
(C) I look
(D) I will look
(E) I haven’t looked

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICOS - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

• so I've been looking at how changes in the Sun might affect the climate for the past year.
• por isso, venho observando como as mudanças no Sol podem afetar o clima no ano passado.

(A) I had looked
(B) I've been looking
(C) I look
(D) I will look

(E) I haven’t looked   

❑ INSTRUÇÕES: Para as questões de 11 a 15, encontram-se em destaque CINCO TERMOS ou EXPRESSÕES. Assinale a alternativa correspondente ao termo cujo emprego está INCORRETO.

11 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

• Whether you are interested in reconnecting with friends, and wish to organize a class reunion, the Alumni Relations team is here to help.

(A) interested
(B) in
(C) reconnecting
(D) and
(E) wish

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - "WHETHER ..., OR ..." = (Se ..., Ou ...),  (Quer ..., quer ...) :

• Whether you are interested in reconnecting with friends, and wish to organize a class reunion, the Alumni Relations team is here to help.

>> SENTENÇA CORRIGIDA:

• Whether you are interested in reconnecting with friends, or wish to organize a class reunion, the Alumni Relations team is here to help.
• Se está interessado em reencontrar amigos ou deseja organizar uma reunião de turma, a equipa de Relações com Antigos Alunos está aqui para ajudar. 

(A) interested

(B) in

(C) reconnecting

(D) and

(E) wish  

12 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

• Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai are home to three brands new chapters as part of the expanding Imperial College Teachers' Association.

(A) to
(B) brands
(C) chapters
(D) as
(E) expanding

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  

TÓPICO - ADJECTIVE "BRAND" = Adjectives do not have plural forms :

• Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai are home to three brands new chapters as part of the expanding Imperial College Teachers' Association.

>> SENTENÇA CORRIGIDA:

• Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai are home to three brand new chapters as part of the expanding Imperial College Teachers' Association.
• Deli, Calcutá e Bombaim acolhem três novos capítulos como parte da crescente Associação de Professores do Imperial College.

(A) to

(B) brands

(C) chapters

(D) as

(E) expanding

13 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

• After dining, Richard Flaming, a mechanical engineer, described his 10-year odyssey to break the wind powered land speed recording at 126.2 mph, on March 20th.

(a) dining
(b) 10-year
(c) to
(d) recording
(e) on

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: 

14 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

I am currently studying for a PhD at the British Antarctic Survey working on the structural interpretation of gravity and magnetic going from east Antarctica, including both numerical and mechanical modelling of data.

(a) studying
(b) working
(c) going
(d) including
(e) modelling

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  

TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• I am currently studying for a PhD at the British Antarctic Survey working on the structural interpretation of gravity and magnetic going from east Antarctica, including both numerical and mechanical modelling of data.

>> SENTENÇA CORRIGIDA:

• I am currently studying for a PhD at the British Antarctic Survey working on the structural interpretation of gravity and magnetic coming from east Antarctica, including both numerical and mechanical modelling of data.
• Atualmente estou estudando para um doutoramento no British Antarctic Survey, trabalhando na interpretação estrutural da gravidade e do magnetismo proveniente do leste da Antártida, incluindo modelação numérica e mecânica de dados.

(a) studying

(b) working

(c) going

(d) including

(e) modelling

15 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

Professor David Barry is a theoretical high-energy physicist and his work interest lays in the field of phenomenology in high energy collisions.

(a) his
(b) work
(c) interest
(d) lays
(e) in

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  

TÓPICO - LIES IN (reside em) :

• Professor David Barry is a theoretical high-energy physicist and his work interest lays in the field of phenomenology in high energy collisions.

>> SENTENÇA CORRIGIDA:

• Professor David Barry is a theoretical high-energy physicist and his work interest lies in the field of phenomenology in high energy collisions.
• O Professor David Barry é um físico teórico de altas energias e o seu interesse profissional reside no campo da fenomenologia em colisões de altas energias.

❑ INSTRUÇÕES: Para as questões 16 a 25, leia os excertos e marque a opção com a resposta correta. 

16 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

• "Torrential rain broke briefly on January 23rd, 2010. Nevertheless, 33 stalwarts of the Military Institute of Engineering kept on gathering and reminiscing."

What can be understood by the passage?

(a) In spite of the tempest, the gathering took place as planned.
(b) The torrential rain expected happened to pour lightly.
(c) Due to torrential rain just 33 people showed up.
(d) Heavy rains disturbed the meeting.
(e) The purpose of the gathering was observing the rain while telling of past experiences.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

• "Torrential rain broke briefly on January 23rd, 2010. Nevertheless, 33 stalwarts of the Military Institute of Engineering kept on gathering and reminiscing."
• Momentaneamente, chuvas torrenciais(caudalosas) caíram no dia 23 de janeiro de 2010. Mesmo assim, 33 fiéis (valentes, corajosos) do Instituto Militar de Engenharia continuaram na na reunião e a recordar.

What can be understood by the passage?

(a) In spite of the tempest, the gathering took place as planned.

Apesar da tempestade, a reunião decorreu como planejado.

(b) The torrential rain expected happened to pour lightly.

A chuva torrencial esperada desceu ligeiramente.

(c) Due to torrential rain just 33 people showed up.

Devido às chuvas torrenciais, apenas compareceram 33 pessoas.

(d) Heavy rains disturbed the meeting.

Fortes chuvas perturbaram a reunião.

(e) The purpose of the gathering was observing the rain while telling of past experiences.

O objetivo do encontro foi observar a chuva enquanto contava experiências passadas.

17 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

• On the mountain slopes south of Pompeii, a group of Roman citizens flee the doomed city, leaving their footprints in a layer of volcanic ash. Two thousand years later the footprints are rediscovered, and a joint Anglo-Italian dig is set up. Eminent Oxford archaeologist, Professor Julian Lockhart, unearths an exciting finding, but then he vanishes mysteriously. English detectives Nick Roberts and Lucia Fabri go out to assist the Italian police with the investigation, unaware of the sinister forces – both human and natural – that lie in wait for them. Their subsequent race for survival sweeps them up in an eerie reenactment of historical events.

A synonym for the word "flee" is

(a) arrive
(b) investigate
(c) run away
(d) meet  
(e) face

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - "TO FLEE = TO RUN AWAY":

• On the mountain slopes south of Pompeii, a group of Roman citizens flee the doomed city, leaving their footprints in a layer of volcanic ash. Two thousand years later the footprints are rediscovered, and a joint Anglo-Italian dig is set up. Eminent Oxford archaeologist, Professor Julian Lockhart, unearths an exciting finding, but then he vanishes mysteriously. English detectives Nick Roberts and Lucia Fabri go out to assist the Italian police with the investigation, unaware of the sinister forces – both human and natural – that lie in wait for them. Their subsequent race for survival sweeps them up in an eerie reenactment of historical events.
• Nas encostas das montanhas a sul de Pompeia, um grupo de cidadãos romanos foge da cidade condenada, deixando as suas pegadas numa camada de cinzas vulcânicas. Dois mil anos depois, as pegadas são redescobertas e é criada uma escavação conjunta anglo-italiana. O eminente arqueólogo de Oxford, o professor Julian Lockhart, descobre uma descoberta emocionante, mas depois desaparece misteriosamente. Os detetives ingleses Nick Roberts e Lucia Fabri saem para ajudar a polícia italiana na investigação, desconhecendo as forças sinistras – humanas e naturais – que os aguardam. A subsequente corrida pela sobrevivência leva-os a uma sinistra reconstituição de acontecimentos históricos.

A synonym for the word "flee" is

(a) arrive (chegar)

(b) investigate (investigar)

(c) run away (fugir)

(d) meet (conhecer)

(e) face (encarar)

18 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012) The passage can most probably be found in

(a) a comic book
(b) a message board in the police department
(c) the obituary notice of a newspaper
(d) a tourism and travel tips brochure
(e) the review column of a magazine

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

The passage can most probably be found in

O texto pode ser provavelmente encontrada em

(a) a comic book

um livro de desenhos animados

(b) a message board in the police department

um quadro de mensagens no departamento de polícia

(c) the obituary notice of a newspaper

 o aviso de obituário de um jornal

(d) a tourism and travel tips brochure

um folheto de dicas de turismo e viagens

(e) the review column of a magazine

a coluna de resenha de uma revista

19 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012) About the passage, it is correct to affirm that

(a) Pompeii mountain slopes are made of volcanic ashes.
(b) ancient footprints led to an exciting discovery.
(c) footprints found two hundred years before reunited archaeologists from two countries.
(d) Roman inhabitants sweep volcanic ashes two thousand years after the volcano burst.
(e) Anglo-Italian team members dig the ashes in search of a detective.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

About the passage, it is correct to affirm that

Sobre o texto, é correto afirmar que

(a) Pompeii mountain slopes are made of volcanic ashes.

As encostas das montanhas de Pompeia são constituídas por cinzas vulcânicas.

(b) ancient footprints led to an exciting discovery.

as pegadas antigas levaram a uma descoberta emocionante.

(c) footprints found two hundred years before reunited archaeologists from two countries.

pegadas encontradas duzentos anos antes de arqueólogos de dois países se reunirem.

(d) Roman inhabitants sweep volcanic ashes two thousand years after the volcano burst.

Os habitantes romanos varrem as cinzas vulcânicas dois mil anos após a explosão do vulcão.

(e) Anglo-Italian team members dig the ashes in search of a detective.

Membros da equipa anglo-italiana escavam as cinzas em busca de um detetive.

20 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012) About Professor Julian Lockhart it is known that he

(a) passed away.
(b) is a mysterious archeologist.
(c) investigates intriguing vanishings.
(d) was killed in a volcano eruption.
(e) disappeared.

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

21 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012) About the English detectives it is possible to infer that they

(a) solved the mystery.
(b) are unable to face sinister forces.
(c) lied to the Italian police.
(d) are part of an Anglo-Italian team.
(e) investigate footprints left in a layer of volcanic ash.

      Comentários e Gabarito    D  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

22 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

• "When I qualified as a military engineer, the wise old colonel who gave me my insignias said: "When you get to the front line, you will feel fear, but remember this: never fear the enemy, never fear the danger, only fear letting down those who have gone before you."

Which of the following comments could follow the previous scene?

(a) And that is what leaders call loneliness: its first aspect is that it is something that one really feels in times of crisis, when the sky is falling in around you and you are the only one who can make a decision as long as you are the first in command.
(b) And that is what leaders call humor: it is one of the things that I set great store by. A little bit
of humor at a time of crisis often just lifts the mood and gets you focused on something else.
(c) And that is what leaders call heritage: the sense of not just doing a job in the here and now, you belonging to something that’s got a fantastic foundation, and you feel responsible for its future.
(d) And that is what leaders call adaptability: it takes very different qualities to command a platoon at war, which is a tactical activity, and run a major change program in a large organization, which has to do with a more strategic leadership.
(e) And that is what leaders call delegation: delegators have a huge responsibility in terms of
judging the capability and competence of the people that they are giving the jobs to.

      Comentários e Gabarito    C  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

23 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

"Mars was warm enough to sustain lakes three billion years ago during the Hesperian Epoch, a period that was previously thought to be too cold and arid to sustain water on the surface, suggested a research published this January in the journal Geology. Dr Nicholas Warner, from the Department of Earth Science Engineering, said: "Most of the research on Mars has focused on its early history and the recent past. Scientists had largely overlooked the Hesperian Epoch as it was thought that Mars was then a frozen wasteland. Excitingly, our study now shows that this middle period in Mars’ history was much more dynamic than we previously imagined."" 

Which of the following alternatives is WRONG, according to the passage?

(a) The passage alludes to three different intervals of time in Mars' history.
(b) During the Hesperian Epoch, Mars was too cold and arid, clearing the possibility of lakes existence.
(c) Scientists in general used to neglect Mars' Hesperian Epoch.
(d) Mars has not always been a frozen wasteland.
(e) The Hesperian Epoch dates to three billion years ago.

      Comentários e Gabarito    B  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

24 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

The meaning of overlook in the passage is

(a) look at carefully
(b) rise above
(c) afford a view of from above
(d) look at from above
(e) fail to notice

      Comentários e Gabarito    E  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO:

25 – (IME-VESTIBULAR-2012)

"Dr Molly Stevens and her team in the Department of Materials and the Institute of Biomedical Engineering moved one step closer to understanding how to grow replacement bones with stem cell technology in July 2009. Dr Stevens, whose study was published in the journal Nature Materials, compared the ‘bone-like’ material grown from three different, commonly used, clinically relevant cell types and discovered that the materials that were grown from mouse skull and bone marrow stem cells successfully mimicked many of the hallmarks of real bone. She says: “It brings us one step closer to developing materials that will have the highest chance of success when implanted into patients.”

Which of the following headings is suitable to the passage?

(a) Scientists edge closer to implantable bone material.
(b) Scientists successfully implant bone marrow stem cells into patients.
(c) Bone-like material grown from mouse skull implanted into patients.
(d) Implanting replacement bones into mouse skull.
(e) Patient grew bone-like material from stem cell implanted by scientists.

      Comentários e Gabarito    A  
TÓPICOS - VOCABULÁRIO & RELAÇÃO SEMÂNTICA COM TRECHO DO TEXTO: